1. Natural Products
  2. Disease Research Fields Plants Phenylpropanoids Phenols
  3. Oleaceae Inflammation/Immunology Simple Phenylpropanols Polyphenols
  4. Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl
  5. Forsythiaside A

Forsythiaside A is an orally active phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the dried fruits of Forsythia suspensa. Forsythiaside A is also an inhibitor of COX-2 and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Forsythiaside A prevents neuroinflammation and apoptosis caused by Aβ25-35 damage and may be used in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. Forsythiaside A also activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibits OVA-induced asthma in mice. Forsythiaside A inhibits the interaction between KLRB1 and CLEC2D.

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Forsythiaside A Chemical Structure

Forsythiaside A Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 79916-77-1

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Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Forsythiaside A:

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  • Purity & Documentation

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Description

Forsythiaside A is an orally active phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the dried fruits of Forsythia suspensa. Forsythiaside A is also an inhibitor of COX-2 and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Forsythiaside A prevents neuroinflammation and apoptosis caused by Aβ25-35 damage and may be used in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. Forsythiaside A also activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibits OVA-induced asthma in mice. Forsythiaside A inhibits the interaction between KLRB1 and CLEC2D[1][2][3][4].

Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
Neutrophil IC50
> 10 μg/mL
Compound: 15
Anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP/CB-induced elastase release pre-incubated for 5 mins before fMLP/CB stimulation using MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pnitroanilide as substrate
Anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP/CB-induced elastase release pre-incubated for 5 mins before fMLP/CB stimulation using MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pnitroanilide as substrate
[PMID: 28218000]
Neutrophil IC50
1.4 μg/mL
Compound: 15
Anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP/CB-induced superoxide anion generation by measuring superoxide dismutase SOD-inhibitable ferricytochrome c reduction incubated for 5 mins before fMLP/CB stimulation for 3 mins
Anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of fMLP/CB-induced superoxide anion generation by measuring superoxide dismutase SOD-inhibitable ferricytochrome c reduction incubated for 5 mins before fMLP/CB stimulation for 3 mins
[PMID: 28218000]
In Vitro

Forsythiaside A 在 30 μM 时抑制 COX-2,抑制率为 72%[2]
Forsythiaside A (80 μM;30 分钟) 通过降低 Aβ25-35(5 μM;2 小时)处理的器官型海马 ampal 切片中的 MAGL 表达来增加内源 2-AG 的含量[2]
Forsythiaside A (80 μM;30 分钟) 以 CB1R 依赖性方式预防 Aβ25-35 诱导的神经炎症[2]
Forsythiaside A (2.5-10 μg/mL;12 h) 抑制肺上皮细胞Nrf2信号通路[3]

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Forsythiaside A (15-60 mg/kg; single dose; oral) improves OVA-induced asthma models in mice, dose-dependently activates Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, and attenuates OVA-induced lung histopathology[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Molecular Weight

624.59

Formula

C29H36O15

CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Off-white to yellow

SMILES

O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](OC[C@@H]2[C@@H](OC(/C=C/C3=CC=C(O)C(O)=C3)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](OCCC4=CC(O)=C(O)C=C4)O2)O[C@H]1C

Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 125 mg/mL (200.13 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 100 mg/mL (160.11 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.6011 mL 8.0053 mL 16.0105 mL
5 mM 0.3202 mL 1.6011 mL 3.2021 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.33 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.33 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.43%

References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O / DMSO 1 mM 1.6011 mL 8.0053 mL 16.0105 mL 40.0263 mL
5 mM 0.3202 mL 1.6011 mL 3.2021 mL 8.0053 mL
10 mM 0.1601 mL 0.8005 mL 1.6011 mL 4.0026 mL
15 mM 0.1067 mL 0.5337 mL 1.0674 mL 2.6684 mL
20 mM 0.0801 mL 0.4003 mL 0.8005 mL 2.0013 mL
25 mM 0.0640 mL 0.3202 mL 0.6404 mL 1.6011 mL
30 mM 0.0534 mL 0.2668 mL 0.5337 mL 1.3342 mL
40 mM 0.0400 mL 0.2001 mL 0.4003 mL 1.0007 mL
50 mM 0.0320 mL 0.1601 mL 0.3202 mL 0.8005 mL
60 mM 0.0267 mL 0.1334 mL 0.2668 mL 0.6671 mL
80 mM 0.0200 mL 0.1001 mL 0.2001 mL 0.5003 mL
100 mM 0.0160 mL 0.0801 mL 0.1601 mL 0.4003 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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Forsythiaside A
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