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microglial activation

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

32

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3

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5

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11

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Cat. No. Product Name Target Research Areas Chemical Structure
  • HY-P0240
    Tuftsin
    2 Publications Verification

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Inflammation/Immunology
    Tuftsin is a tetrapeptide. Tuftsin is a macrophage/microglial activator.
    Tuftsin
  • HY-D0186
    2'-Deoxyuridine
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Endogenous Metabolite Thymidylate Synthase Infection
    2’-deoxyuridine is a brain-penetrant pyrimidines nucleotide that is associated with nervous system diseases. 2'-Deoxyuridine could increase chromosome breakage and results in a decreased thymidylate synthetase activity. 2'-Deoxyuridine is a precursor in the synthesis of Edoxudine (HY-B1011) and also an analogue of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, EdU (HY-118411). 2’-deoxyuridine reduces microglial activation and improve oxidative stress damage by modulating glycolytic metabolism on the Aβ25-35-induced brain injury, which is promising for research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) .
    2'-Deoxyuridine
  • HY-N6673
    Okanin
    1 Publications Verification

    		 Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NF-κB Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Okanin, effective constituent of the flower tea Coreopsis tinctoria, attenuates LPS-induced microglial activation through inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways .
    Okanin
  • HY-N1713
    29-Nor-20-oxolupeol

    		Others Neurological Disease
    29-Nor-20-oxolupeol, extracted from Impatiens basamina, reduces NO levels in LPS-activated murine microglial cells with an IC50 of 44.21 µM .
    29-Nor-20-oxolupeol
  • HY-P0240A
    Tuftsin diacetate

    		Endogenous Metabolite Inflammation/Immunology
    Tuftsin diacetate, a tetrapeptide, is a macrophage/microglial activator.
    Tuftsin diacetate
  • HY-N10782
    Balanophonin

    		Apoptosis COX TNF Receptor p38 MAPK Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Balanophonin is an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. Balanophonin inhibits microglial activation and neurodegeneration via inhibiting activated microglia-induced apoptosis .
    Balanophonin
  • HY-P10350
    PapRIV

    		NF-κB Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    PapRIV is an agonist of BV-2 microglial cells, capable of activating microglial cells through an NF-κB-dependent pathway. PapRIV induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNFα and increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). PapRIV can cross the blood-brain barrier .
    PapRIV
  • HY-155182
    HDAC-IN-62

    		HDAC Autophagy Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    HDAC-IN-62 (Compound 5) a HDAC inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.78, 1.0, 1.2? μM for HDAC6/8/11 respectively. HDAC-IN-62 inhibits-induced microglial activation by the initiation of autophagy, and inhibits nitric oxide production. HDAC-IN-62 has anti-inflammatory and anti-depressant effects. HDAC-IN-62 inhibits microglial activation in mouse brain .
    HDAC-IN-62
  • HY-D0186R
    2'-Deoxyuridine (Standard)

    		Endogenous Metabolite Thymidylate Synthase Infection
    2'-Deoxyuridine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2'-Deoxyuridine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2’-deoxyuridine is a brain-penetrant pyrimidines nucleotide that is associated with nervous system diseases. 2'-Deoxyuridine could increase chromosome breakage and results in a decreased thymidylate synthetase activity. 2'-Deoxyuridine is a precursor in the synthesis of Edoxudine (HY-B1011) and also an analogue of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, EdU (HY-118411). 2’-deoxyuridine reduces microglial activation and improve oxidative stress damage by modulating glycolytic metabolism on the Aβ25-35-induced brain injury, which is promising for research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) . In Vitro:The interaction between the 2-deoxyuridine and the column increases the duration of retention of 2-deoxyuridine .
    Gradient elution with sodium acetate buffer-ACN eluent on two ZIC-HILIC homemade columns separates 2-deoxyuridine in under 9 min .
    In Vivo:2'-Deoxyuridine (34.42 ng/mL, gavage, 15 min) passes the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to enter the hippocampus of mice brain .
    2'-Deoxyuridine (20 mg/kg, gavage, daily for 4 weeks) improves cognition and memory loss and attenuates the damage to the hippocampus in Aβ25-35-induced mice model .
    2'-Deoxyuridine (Standard)
  • HY-146168
    Nrf2 activator-5

    		Keap1-Nrf2 Inflammation/Immunology
    Nrf2 activator-5 (compound 1) is a potent Nrf2 activator that can attenuate H2O2-induced oxidative stress and LPS-stimulated inflammation in BV-2 microglial cells. Nrf2 activator-5 exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities .
    Nrf2 activator-5
  • HY-155572
    Nrf2 activator-8

    		Keap1-Nrf2 Inflammation/Immunology
    Nrf2 activator-8 (compound 10e) is a Nrf2 activator (EC50=37.9 nM). Nrf2 activator-8 exhibits remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in BV-2 microglial cells. Nrf2 activator-8 can significantly restore spatial memory deficits in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation .
    Nrf2 activator-8
  • HY-Y0836
    Diethyl succinate
    1 Publications Verification

    Diethyl Butanedioate

    		 Biochemical Assay Reagents Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Diethyl succinate (Diethyl Butanedioate) can be utilized at physiological pH, allowing it to penetrate biological membranes and integrate into the cells of tissue cultures, where it is metabolized via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Diethyl succinate modulates the polarization and activation of microglial cells by reducing mitochondrial fission and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby exerting an inflammatory protective effect in primary microglial cells. Furthermore, Diethyl succinate is non-toxic and can be used in flavorings and seasonings .
    Diethyl succinate
  • HY-148853
    SRI-42127

    		HuR Others
    SRI-42127 is a HuR translocation inhibitor. HuR is an RNA regulator that binds to AREs, and HuR translocations promote the production of inflammatory cytokines in glial cells. However, SRI-42127 can destroy mRNA stability and inhibit gene promoter activation. SRI-42127 also inhibits microglial cell activation and attenuates recruitment/chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes .
    SRI-42127
  • HY-110099
    (±)-NBI-74330

    		CXCR Inflammation/Immunology
    (±)-NBI-74330 is a potent and selective CXCR3 antagonist. (±)-NBI-74330 not only reduces tactile and thermal hypersensitivity but also enhances the analgesic properties of morphine. (±)-NBI-74330 can reduce microglial cell activation, increase astroglial cell activation, and downregulate the expression of some CXCR3 ligands in a rat neuropathic pain model .
    (±)-NBI-74330
  • HY-Y0836R
    Diethyl succinate (Standard)

    		Biochemical Assay Reagents Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    Diethyl succinate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diethyl succinate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diethyl succinate (Diethyl Butanedioate) can be utilized at physiological pH, allowing it to penetrate biological membranes and integrate into the cells of tissue cultures, where it is metabolized via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Diethyl succinate modulates the polarization and activation of microglial cells by reducing mitochondrial fission and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby exerting an inflammatory protective effect in primary microglial cells. Furthermore, Diethyl succinate is non-toxic and can be used in flavorings and seasonings .
    Diethyl succinate (Standard)
  • HY-134353B
    ADP-β-S trilithium

    Adenosine 5'-β-thiodiphosphate (trilithium)

    		 P2Y Receptor NF-κB Inflammation/Immunology
    ADP-β-S trilithium is the trilithium salt form of ADP-β-S (HY-134353). ADP-β-S trilithium is the activator for P2Y12 receptor, which upregulates levels of IL-1βand IL-6 production in microglial cells, promotes the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and enhances the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome .
    ADP-β-S trilithium
  • HY-101364
    CHPG

    		mGluR NF-κB ERK Akt Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    CHPG is a selective mGluR5 agonist, and attenuates SO2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation through TSG-6/NF-κB pathway in BV2 microglial cells . CHPG protects against traumatic brain injury (TBI) in vitro and in vivo by activation of the ERK and Akt signaling pathways .
    CHPG
  • HY-101364A
    CHPG sodium salt

    		mGluR NF-κB ERK Akt Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    CHPG sodium salt is a selective mGluR5 agonist, and attenuates SO2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation through TSG-6/NF-κB pathway in BV2 microglial cells . CHPG sodium salt protects against traumatic brain injury (TBI) in vitro and in vivo by activation of the ERK and Akt signaling pathways. .
    CHPG sodium salt
  • HY-N8371
    Shizukaol B

    		NO Synthase COX Interleukin Related TNF Receptor Inflammation/Immunology
    Shizukaol B is a lindenane-type dimeric sesquiterpene, used to be isolated from the whole plant of Chloranthus henryi. Shizukaol B has anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of BV2 microglial cells. Shizukaol B inhibits iNOS and COX-2, and suppresses NO production, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression .
    Shizukaol B
  • HY-159898
    AChE/BChE-IN-23

    		Cholinesterase (ChE) Amyloid-β Tau Protein NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Reactive Oxygen Species Mitochondrial Metabolism Neurological Disease
    AChE/BChE-IN-23 (Compound 6e) is an AChE/BChE inhibitor (IC50: 0.91 μM, 1.19 μM and 1.01 μM for hAChE, eq BChE and hBChE, respectively). AChE/BChE-IN-23 has antioxidant activity and inhibits Aβ1-42 and Tau protein aggregation. AChE/BChE-IN-23 also inhibits microglial activation by reducing ROS release and mitochondrial injury. AChE/BChE-IN-23 suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome and pro-inflammatory cytokines in human microglial cells. AChE/BChE-IN-23 also reverses the Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced memory impairment in mice model .
    AChE/BChE-IN-23
  • HY-N2259
    Curcumenol
    3 Publications Verification

    (+)-Curcumenol

    		 Cytochrome P450 Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Curcumenol ((+)-Curcumenol) is a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 12.6 μM, which is one of constituents in the plants of medicinally important genus of Curcuma zedoaria, with neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and hepatoprotective activities. Curcumenol ((+)-Curcumenol) suppresses Akt-mediated NF-κB activation and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells .
    Curcumenol
  • HY-P1410
    GsMTx4
    Maximum Cited Publications
    47 Publications Verification

    		 TRP Channel Piezo Channel Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    GsMTx4 is a spider venom peptide that selectively inhibits cationic-permeable mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) belonging to the Piezo and TRP channel families. GsMTx4 also blocks cation-selective stretch-activated channels (SACs) , attenuates lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced astrocyte toxicity and microglial reactivity. GsMTx4 is an important pharmacological tool for identifying the role of these excitatory MSCs in normal physiology and pathology .
    GsMTx4
  • HY-P1410A
    GsMTx4 TFA
    Maximum Cited Publications
    47 Publications Verification

    		 TRP Channel Piezo Channel Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
    GsMTx4 TFA is a spider venom peptide that selectively inhibits cationic-permeable mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) belonging to the Piezo and TRP channel families. GsMTx4 TFA also blocks cation-selective stretch-activated channels (SACs) , attenuates lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced astrocyte toxicity and microglial reactivity. GsMTx4 TFA is an important pharmacological tool for identifying the role of these excitatory MSCs in normal physiology and pathology .
    GsMTx4 TFA
  • HY-14536
    Methylene Blue
    15+ Cited Publications

    Basic Blue 9; CI-52015; Methylthioninium chloride

    		 Guanylate Cyclase Monoamine Oxidase NO Synthase Microtubule/Tubulin Infection Neurological Disease Cancer
    Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene blue reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation .
    Methylene Blue
  • HY-147512
    CB1/2 agonist 1

    		Cannabinoid Receptor Inflammation/Immunology
    CB1/2 agonist 1 is a potent and cross the blood-brain barrier CB1/2 agonist with EC50s of 56.15, 11.63 nM for CB1R and CB2R, respectively. CB1/2 agonist 1 reduces glutamate release and LPS-induced activation of microglial cells. CB1/2 agonist 1 shows anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. CB1/2 agonist 1 has the potential for the research of multiple sclerosis .
    CB1/2 agonist 1
  • HY-D0958
    Methylene blue hydrate
    15+ Cited Publications

    Basic Blue 9 hydrate; CI-52015 hydrate; Methylthioninium chloride hydrate

    		 Guanylate Cyclase Monoamine Oxidase NO Synthase Microtubule/Tubulin Infection Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) hydrate is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue hydrate through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue hydrate is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue hydrate is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene blue hydrate reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation .
    Methylene blue hydrate
  • HY-159152
    PQM-164

    		Reactive Oxygen Species α-synuclein Keap1-Nrf2 Neurological Disease
    PQM-164 (Compound 3e) has antioxidant activity (IC50: 0.93 μM for DPPH radical). PQM-164 shows anti-inflammatory activity against 6-OHDA (HY-B1081A)-induced neuronal damage in activated microglial cells. PQM-164 decreases the accumulation of α-synuclein. PQM-164 promotes nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and its transcriptional activity. PQM-164 can be used for research of Parkinson’s disease .
    PQM-164
  • HY-A0183
    Phosphatidylserine

    Phospholipids, phosphatidylserines; Serine glycerophosphatides

    		 Akt TGF-β Receptor Inflammation/Immunology
    Phosphatidylserine (Phospholipids) is a well-conserved anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive signal. Phosphatidylserine is involved in membrane translocation and the activation of protein kinase C, participating in Akt signaling through its interaction with PIP3. The local exposure of Phosphatidylserine can interact with complement and other proteins, promoting microglial phagocytosis during critical periods of synaptic refinement. Phosphatidylserine can promote blood coagulation in the extracellular environment and acts as a "eat me" signal to clear out apoptotic cells. Phosphatidylserine can suppress inflammation in tissues by inducing TGF-β secretion and inhibiting immune responses .
    Phosphatidylserine
  • HY-D0958R
    Methylene blue hydrate (Standard)

    		Guanylate Cyclase Monoamine Oxidase NO Synthase Microtubule/Tubulin Infection Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
    Methylene blue (hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methylene blue (hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) hydrate is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue hydrate through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue hydrate is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue hydrate is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene blue hydrate reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation .
    Methylene blue hydrate (Standard)
  • HY-14536A
    Methylene blue (purity≥70%)

    Basic Blue 9 (purity≥70%); CI-52015 (purity≥70%); Methylthioninium chloride (purity≥70%)

    		 Guanylate Cyclase Monoamine Oxidase NO Synthase Microtubule/Tubulin Infection Neurological Disease Cancer
    Methylene blue (purity≥70%) is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue (purity≥70%) is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue (purity≥70%) through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue (purity≥70%) is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue (purity≥70%) is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene blue reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation .
    Methylene blue (purity≥70%)
  • HY-14536R
    Methylene Blue (Standard)

    		Guanylate Cyclase Monoamine Oxidase NO Synthase Microtubule/Tubulin Infection Neurological Disease Cancer
    Methylene Blue (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methylene Blue. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methylene blue (Basic Blue 9) is a guanylyl cyclase (sGC), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Methylene blue is a vasopressor and is often used as a dye in several medical procedures. Methylene blue through the nitric oxide syntase/guanylate cyclase signalling pathway to reduce prepulse inhibition. Methylene blue is a REDOX cycling compound and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methylene blue is a Tau aggregation inhibitor. Methylene blue reduces cerebral edema, attenuated microglial activation and reduced neuroinflammation .
    Methylene Blue (Standard)
  • HY-123789
    T5342126

    		Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Inflammation/Immunology
    T-5342126 is a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist. It reduces LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells (IC50=27.8 μM), as well as decreases LPS-induced IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 production in isolated human whole blood (IC50s=110.5, 315.6, and 318.4 μM, respectively). T-5342126 (82 mg/kg) reduces ethanol intake and the abundance of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), a marker of microglial activation, in the central nucleus of the amygdala in ethanol-dependent mice.
    T5342126

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