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PhospholipaseD, Streptomyces chromofuscus (PLD) is an enzyme of the phospholipase superfamily, which widely exists in bacteria, yeast, plants, animals and viruses, and is often used in biochemical research. PhospholipaseD can catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in glycerophospholipids to produce phosphatidic acid and soluble choline. PhospholipaseD is involved in a variety of disease-related processes, including diabetes, atherogenesis, obesity, tumorigenesis, immune response, and neuroendocrine function .
PhospholipaseD, cabbage is an enzyme of the phospholipase superfamily. PhospholipaseD, cabbage is widely found in bacteria, yeast, plants, animals and viruses and is often used in biochemical research. PhospholipaseD, cabbage can catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of glycerophospholipids to produce phosphatidic acid and soluble choline. PhospholipaseD, cabbage is involved in a variety of disease-related processes, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity, tumorigenesis, immune response and neuroendocrine function .
PhospholipaseD, peanut is an important signaling enzyme in mammalian cells. PhospholipaseD, peanut catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to produce phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline .
CHS-111 is a benzyl indazole inhibitor of superoxide anion O 2- generation. CHS-111 inhibits the cell migration, and reduces the formyl-Met-Leu-Phe- but not phorbol ester-stimulated phospholipaseD activity, with the IC50 of 3.9 μM .
Uralsaponin D is a saponin that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata. Uralsaponin D inhibits phospholipase A2 (PLA2) with an IC50 value of 32.2 μM .
SKF83822 hydrobromide is a potent dopamine D1 receptor agonist. SKF83822 hydrobromide activates Gs/olf/adenylyl cyclase (AC)-coupled D1 receptors, but not phospholipase C (PLC)-coupled D1-like receptors .
D609, an antitumoural xanthate, is a specific and competitive phosphatidyl choline-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) inhibitor with a Ki of 6.4 μM. D609 is an antioxidative protector and has antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity .
ML299 is a selective allosteric modulator and a dual inhibitor of phospholipasesD1 and D2 (IC50 values are 6 and 12 nM, respectively). ML299 decreases invasive migration in U87-MG glioblastoma cells .
Lyso-PAF C-16 is a substrate of lysoplasmalogen (LysoPls)-specific phospholipaseD (LysoPLD). Lyso-PAF C-16 selective acetylates with arachidonic acid .
ML298 is a potent and selective inhibitor of PhospholipaseD2 (PLD2) with an IC50 of 355 nM. ML298 decreases invasive migration in U87-MG glioblastoma cells .
ST271 is a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), inhibits phospholipaseD activation stimulated by fMet-Leu-Phe and PAF, with IC50s of 6.7 and 9 μM, respectively.
LEI-401 is a first-in-class, selective, and CNS-active NAPE-PLD (N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipaseD) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 27 nM. LEI-401 modulates emotional behavior in mice .
A4333 is biotinylated compound of A3373 (HY-155342) that inhibits PhospholipaseD1 (PLD1), but not PLD2. A4333 plays an important role in antitumor activity .
Halopemide is a potent phospholipaseD (PLD) inhibitor, with IC50s of 220 and 310 nM for human PLD1 and PLD2, respectively. Halopemid is a dopamine receptors antagonist, and acts a psychotropic agent .
VU 0364739 hydrochloride is a highly selective phospholipaseD2 (PLD2) inhibitor with IC50s of 20 and 1500 nM for PLD2 and PLD1, respectively. VU 0364739 hydrochloride induces apoptosis and it can be used for cancer research .
VU0155069 (CAY10593), is a selective phospholipaseD1 (PLD1) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 46 nM in vitro. VU0155069 (CAY10593) strongly inhibits the invasive migration of several cancer cell lines in transwell assays .
VU0155069 hydrochloride (CAY10593 hydrochloride) is a potent selective phospholipaseD (PLD) inhibitor. The IC50 values for PLD1 and PLD2 are 46 and 933 nM, respectively. VU0155069 hydrochloride inhibits migration of human and mouse breast cancer cell lines .
SKF 83822 is an atypical agonist of dopamine D1 receptor. SKF 83822 activates adenylyl cyclase (AC), but not phospholipase C (PLC). SKF 83822 is also proved to stimulate AC via cAMP production. SKF 83822 can be used for research of schizophrenia .
A3373, a novel chemical inhibitor of PhospholipaseD1 (PLD1) and PLD2, with IC50 of 325 nM and 15.15?μM, respectively, inhibits LPS-induced immune response and plays important roles in autoimmune arthritis, bone demineralization and osteoclastogenesis .
Dioctanoylphosphatidic acid sodium functions as a modulator of phagocyte respiratory burst, acts as a precursor to diacylglycerol and lysophosphatidic acid, and influences the phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) while enhancing the viability of gallbladder carcinoma cells treated with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs); it is derived from glycerophospholipid through the action of phospholipaseD.
ML395 is a potent and selective allosteric inhibitor of phospholipaseD2 with antiviral activity. The cellular PLD1 IC50 value of ML395 exceeds 30,000 nM, while its cellular PLD2 IC50 value is 360 nM. ML395 shows excellent pharmacokinetic characteristics in vitro and physiochemical properties superior to other reported phospholipase inhibitors. ML395 shows interesting antiviral activity in cell-based assays against multiple influenza virus strains (H1, H3, H5, and H7) .
Compound 48/80 (Poly-p-methoxyphenethylmethylamine) is widely used in animal and tissue models as a "selective" mast cell activator. Compound 48/80 acts at the mast cell membrane to stimulate trimeric G-proteins and induces degranulation via phospholipase C and D pathways .
D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate tripotassium, a second messenger, elicits Ca 2+ mobilization. D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate tripotassium inhibits the binding of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C-delta 1 (PLC-delta 1) to bilayer membranes composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) .
sPLA2 inhibitor 1, a D-tyrosine derivative, is an orally active, potent secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 29 nM for human nonpancreatic secretory PLA2 isoform IIa (hnpsPLA2-IIa). sPLA2 inhibitor 1 has anti-inflammatory activity .
Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) is a naturally occurring phospholipid that can be produced by the combined action of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and phospholipaseD2 (PLD2). Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol inhibits macrophage inflammatory mediator production in response to heat shock protein B4 (HSPB4) activation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) .
BML-280 (VU0285655-1) is a potent and selective phospholipaseD2 (PLD2) inhibitor. BML-280 has the ability to prevent caspase-3 cleavage and reduction in cell viability induced by high glucose. BML-280 can be used for rheumatoid arthritis research .
DHPG ((RS)-3,5-DHPG) is an amino acid, which acts as a selective and potent agonist of group I mGluR (mGluR 1 and mGluR 5), shows no effect on Group II or Group III mGluRs . DHPG ((RS)-3,5-DHPG) is also an effective antagonist of mGluRs linked to phospholipaseD .
FIPI is a phospholipaseD (PLD) inhibitor with an IC50 for PLD1 and PLD2 of about 25 nM. FIPI regulates cytoskeletal recombination, cell diffusion and chemotaxis. FIPI can be used in cancer research. In addition, FIPI can enhance the secretion and aggregation of platelet dense particles, inhibit thrombosis, reduce ischemic stroke infarct volume and improve nerve function .
CAY10594 is a potent phospholipaseD2 (PLD2) inhibitor both in vitro (IC50=140 nM) and in cells (IC50=110 nM) . CAY10594 strongly inhibits the invasive migration of breast cancer cells in vitro and ameliorates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by regulating the phosphorylated-GSK-3β/JNK axis .
FIPI hydrochloride is a phospholipaseD (PLD) inhibitor with an IC50 for PLD1 and PLD2 of about 25 nM. FIPI hydrochloride regulates cytoskeletal recombination, cell diffusion and chemotaxis. FIPI hydrochloride can be used in cancer research. In addition, FIPI hydrochloride can enhance the secretion and aggregation of platelet dense particles, inhibit thrombosis, reduce ischemic stroke infarct volume and improve nerve function .
VU0359595 (CID-53361951; ML-270) is a potent and selective pharmacological phospholipaseD1 (PLD1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.7 nM. VU0359595 is >1700-fold selective for PLD1 over PLD2 (IC50 of 6.4 μM). VU0359595 can be used for the research of cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases .
Lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) is a naturally-occurring lysophospholipid that can be generated via deacylation of phosphatidylethanolamine by phospholipase A2 (PLA2). It increases the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in PC12 cells, an effect that can be blocked by the MEK inhibitors U-0126 (HY-12031A) and PD 98059 (HY-12028) and the EGFR inhibitor AG-1478 (HY-13524).1 LPE also increases neurite outgrowth and expression of neurofilament M in PC12 cells. LPE inhibits the activity of phospholipaseD (PLD) partially purified from cabbage.3 This product contains lysophosphatidylethanolamine molecular species with variable fatty acyl chain lengths at the sn-1 position and a hydroxy group at the sn-2 position.
Melittin free acid is a basic 26-amino-acid polypeptide, the major active ingredient of honeybee venom. Melittin free acid is an activator of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Melittin free acid has broad-spectrum antifungal activity with MIC values of 0.4-60 μM. Melittin free acid hinders fungal growth by inducing cell apoptosis, repressing (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase and participating in other pathways .
PLD-IN-1 (Compound 3r) is an orally active inhibitor for phospholipaseD with an IC50 of 1.97 μM. PLD-IN-1 reduces the expression of CD24, CD47 and PD-L1, enhances the calreticulin expression, and thus modulates the immune evasion mechanism in lung cancer cells by promoting the phagocytosis of cancer cells by macrophages. PLD-IN-1 inhibits the cell viability of lung cancer cell A549, HCC44, H460 and HCC15 with IC50 of 18.44, 22.31, 24.85 and 21.45 μM, respectively. PLD-IN-1 can induce apoptosis and inhibits migration in cell A549. PLD-IN-1 enhances the level of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and decreases the level of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse model .
Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) is a naturally occurring phospholipid that can be produced by the combined action of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and phospholipaseD2 (PLD2). Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol inhibits macrophage inflammatory mediator production in response to heat shock protein B4 (HSPB4) activation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) .
Melittin free acid is a basic 26-amino-acid polypeptide, the major active ingredient of honeybee venom. Melittin free acid is an activator of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Melittin free acid has broad-spectrum antifungal activity with MIC values of 0.4-60 μM. Melittin free acid hinders fungal growth by inducing cell apoptosis, repressing (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase and participating in other pathways .
Lyso-PAF C-16 is a substrate of lysoplasmalogen (LysoPls)-specific phospholipaseD (LysoPLD). Lyso-PAF C-16 selective acetylates with arachidonic acid .
Uralsaponin D is a saponin that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata. Uralsaponin D inhibits phospholipase A2 (PLA2) with an IC50 value of 32.2 μM .
PLA2G2D protein is a secreted calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that targets extracellular lipids and has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions.It hydrolyzes the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position, preferentially hydrolyzing phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol.PLA2G2D Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived PLA2G2D protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
PLA2G2D protein is a secreted calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that targets extracellular lipids and has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions.It hydrolyzes the fatty acyl group at the sn-2 position, preferentially hydrolyzing phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol.PLA2G2D Protein, Mouse (HEK293, Fc) is the recombinant mouse-derived PLA2G2D protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag.
PLD4 Protein, a phospholipase, plays a crucial role in immune responses and inflammation. Dysregulation of PLD4 Protein has been associated with autoimmune disorders and inflammatory diseases. Targeting PLD4 Protein may provide potential therapeutic interventions in these conditions by modulating immune responses, suppressing inflammation, and managing related disorders. PLD4 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived PLD4 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of PLD4 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 455 a.a., with molecular weight of 68-75 kDa.
The PRDX6 protein is a thiol-specific peroxidase that plays a crucial role in cellular defense against oxidative stress. It catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and various organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols. PRDX6 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived PRDX6 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PRDX6 Protein, Human (His) is 224 a.a., with molecular weight of 30-33 kDa.
PLD4 Protein, with 5'->3' DNA exonuclease activity, efficiently digests single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). It crucially regulates inflammatory cytokine responses by degrading nucleic acids, reducing ssDNA concentrations activating TLR9. Additionally, PLD4 actively participates in the phagocytosis process of activated microglia, emphasizing its role in immune responses. PLD4 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived PLD4 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag.
Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) is a naturally occurring phospholipid that can be produced by the combined action of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and phospholipaseD2 (PLD2). Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol inhibits macrophage inflammatory mediator production in response to heat shock protein B4 (HSPB4) activation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) .
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