Seneciphylline

Cat. No.: HY-N1282 Purity: 99.93%: FAQs
Data Sheet
SDS

COA
Handling Instructions Technical Support

Seneciphylline is an orally effective hepatotoxic inducer. Seneciphylline is metabolized by CYP450 enzymes into active intermediates, which covalently bind to intracellular biomacromolecules such as proteins and DNA to form adducts, which in turn trigger a series of toxic reactions, such as inducing cell apoptosis and damaging mitochondrial function. Seneciphylline can be used in hepatotoxicity research[1][2].

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Seneciphylline Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 480-81-9

Size	Stock	Quantity
1 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
5 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
50 mg	Get quote
100 mg	Get quote

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Other Forms of Seneciphylline:

Seneciphylline (Standard) Get quote

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View All Cytochrome P450 Isoform Specific Products:

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CYP1 CYP2 CYP3 CYP4 CYP11 CYP17 Aromatase/CYP19A1 CYP26 CYP51 CYP1A2 CYP2D6 CYP2C9 CYP2C19 CYP3A4 CYP17A1

Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
CHO	EC₅₀	> 100 μg/mL Compound: 5	Toxicity against Cricetulus griseus CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cell by MTT assay Toxicity against Cricetulus griseus CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cell by MTT assay	10.1016/jbse.2007.08.015
Sf9	EC₅₀	> 100 μg/mL Compound: 5	Toxicity against Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) Sf9 cells by MTT assay Toxicity against Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) Sf9 cells by MTT assay	10.1016/jbse.2007.08.015

In Vitro

Seneciphylline (10-1000 μM) slightly stimulates rat liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase, has no significant effect on glutathione-S-transferase, and has no significant effect on the activities of aminopyrine demethylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) ^[1].
Seneciphylline (5-50 μM; 6-24 h) reduces the viability of primary mouse and human hepatocytes and induces apoptosis in a time-and dose-dependent manner. Seneciphylline (5-20 μM; 6-12 h) increases the content of pyrrole-protein adducts (PPA) in primary mouse hepatocytes in a time-and dose-dependent manner^[2].
In primary hepatocyte mitochondrial experiments, Seneciphylline (20 μM) induces changes in the morphology of primary mouse hepatocyte mitochondria, making them rounder and shorter, losing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)，releasing cytochrome Cyt c from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, and increasing JNK phosphorylation levels^[2].
Seneciphylline (20 μM; 24 hours) -induced apoptosis in primary mouse hepatocytes was effectively inhibited by 50 μM Mdivi-1 (HY-15886). Mdivi-1 also inhibits Seph-induced mitochondrial depolarization, reduces the number of apoptotic nuclei, reduces the proportion of cells with MMP loss, reduced the level of Cyt c protein in the cytoplasm, and inhibits the cleavage and activation of Caspase-3^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Apoptosis Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:	Primary mouse hepatocytes, Primary human hepatocytes
Concentration:	5-50 μM for cell viability and apoptosis assays
Incubation Time:	6-24 h for cell viability and apoptosis assays
Result:	Decreased cell viability in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Induced apoptosis in a time-and dose-dependent manner. After treatment with 5 μM for 24 h, the apoptotic cell rate was 26.6%, and it increased to 47.7% when treated with 20 μM Seph. When treated with 20 μM Seph for 12 h, the apoptotic cell rate was 21.3%, and it was higher at 24 h.

In Vivo

Seneciphylline (70 mg/kg; oral; single dose) can induce severe liver damage in mice, accompanied by inflammation, apoptosis and hepatic sinusoidal hemorrhage. Specifically, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL) and total bile acid (TBA) levels were significantly increased, the concentration of pyrrole-protein adducts (PPA) in the liver and serum was increased, and proinflammatory cytokines were increased^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	Male C57BL/6 J mice (20-22 g)^[2]
Dosage:	70 mg/kg (dissolved in acidified 0.9% NaCl with pH 6.5).
Administration:	Oral administration, single dose.
Result:	Resulted severe liver injury. H&E staining of liver tissues revealed inflammation, apoptosis, and sinusoid hemorrhage. Significantly elevated the serum levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, and TBA compared with the control group. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β. Resulted a dramatic increase in hepatic parenchymal cell apoptosis in TUNEL staining. Increased cleaved Caspase-3 level, and caspase-3 activity in the liver, indicating that Seneciphylline induced apoptosis in the liver.

Molecular Weight

333.38

Formula

C₁₈H₂₃NO₅

CAS No.

480-81-9

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O[C@]1([H])CCN2[C@]1([H])C(COC([C@](C)(O)C(C/3)=C)=O)=CC2)C3=C/C

Structure Classification

Initial Source

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 7.69 mg/mL (23.07 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	2.9996 mL	14.9979 mL	29.9958 mL
5 mM	0.5999 mL	2.9996 mL	5.9992 mL
10 mM	0.3000 mL	1.4998 mL	2.9996 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 0.77 mg/mL (2.31 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.77 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (7.7 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 0.77 mg/mL (2.31 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.77 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (7.7 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 0.77 mg/mL (2.31 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.77 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (7.7 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.

If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.93%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (289 KB) SDS (420 KB)

COA (264 KB) LCMS (87 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Kakrani HK, et al. Effect of seneciphylline and senecionine on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1984 Dec;12 (3) :271-8. [Content Brief]

[2]. Wang W, et al. Seneciphylline, a main pyrrolizidine alkaloid in Gynura japonica, induces hepatotoxicity in mice and primary hepatocytes via activating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. J Appl Toxicol. 2020 Nov;40 (11) :1534-1544. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

DMSO	1 mM	2.9996 mL	14.9979 mL	29.9958 mL	74.9895 mL
	5 mM	0.5999 mL	2.9996 mL	5.9992 mL	14.9979 mL
	10 mM	0.3000 mL	1.4998 mL	2.9996 mL	7.4990 mL
	15 mM	0.2000 mL	0.9999 mL	1.9997 mL	4.9993 mL
	20 mM	0.1500 mL	0.7499 mL	1.4998 mL	3.7495 mL

Seneciphylline Related Classifications

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Seneciphylline480-81-9Glutathione S-transferaseCytochrome P450Glutathione transferasesGSTsCYPsToxicpyrrolizidinealkaloidepoxidehydraseglutathione-S-transferasecytochromeP-450Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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