2. Immunology/Inflammation NF-κB Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Apoptosis
  3. COX Reactive Oxygen Species Apoptosis Ferroptosis Endogenous Metabolite
  4. Gallic acid hydrate

Gallic acid hydrate  (Synonyms: 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid hydrate)

Cat. No.: HY-N0523A Purity: 99.81%
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Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Gallic acid hydrate Chemical Structure

Gallic acid hydrate Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 5995-86-8

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Based on 7 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Gallic acid hydrate:

Gallic acid hydrate Related Antibodies

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  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

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Description

Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[1]. Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[2].

IC50 & Target[1]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

COX-2

 

Microbial Metabolite

 

In Vitro

Gallic acid is an antioxidant which can inhibit both COX-2[1]. After 18 h treatment with Gallic acid, the number of viable neutrophils is dramatically decreased from 40.3% to 27.7%, highly comparable with 26.4% for untreated neutrophils. Gallic acid fails to attenuate isoproterenol-induced myocytolysis[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Gallic acid hydrate Related Antibodies
In Vivo

The food intake (2.6±0.08 g/day, p=0.69) and the body weight (2.5±0.69 g, p=0.76) of the Gallic acid group do not differ significantly from those of the control group (food intake; 2.41±0.14 g/day and the body weight; 2.83±0.84 g/day). The blood glucose tolerance in the Gallic acid group is significantly improved after 2 weeks of treatment. The blood glucose tolerance of the Gallic acid group after a treatment period of 2 weeks is also significantly better than that of the control group at 90 and 120 min ( p<0.05). The serum triglyceride concentration in the Gallic acid group (0.67±0.03 mM, p<0.05) is significantly reduced relative to that of the control group (1.08±0.20 mM). The total cholesterol concentration is similar in the control (3.19±0.27 mM) and Gallic acid (3.01±0.18 mM) groups[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Molecular Weight

188.13

Formula

C7H8O6
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1.O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (265.77 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 5.3155 mL 26.5774 mL 53.1547 mL
5 mM 1.0631 mL 5.3155 mL 10.6309 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.29 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.29 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 5.3155 mL 26.5774 mL 53.1547 mL 132.8868 mL
5 mM 1.0631 mL 5.3155 mL 10.6309 mL 26.5774 mL
10 mM 0.5315 mL 2.6577 mL 5.3155 mL 13.2887 mL
15 mM 0.3544 mL 1.7718 mL 3.5436 mL 8.8591 mL
20 mM 0.2658 mL 1.3289 mL 2.6577 mL 6.6443 mL
25 mM 0.2126 mL 1.0631 mL 2.1262 mL 5.3155 mL
30 mM 0.1772 mL 0.8859 mL 1.7718 mL 4.4296 mL
40 mM 0.1329 mL 0.6644 mL 1.3289 mL 3.3222 mL
50 mM 0.1063 mL 0.5315 mL 1.0631 mL 2.6577 mL
60 mM 0.0886 mL 0.4430 mL 0.8859 mL 2.2148 mL
80 mM 0.0664 mL 0.3322 mL 0.6644 mL 1.6611 mL
100 mM 0.0532 mL 0.2658 mL 0.5315 mL 1.3289 mL
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Gallic acid hydrate Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Gallic acid5995-86-83,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acidCOXReactive Oxygen SpeciesApoptosisFerroptosisEndogenous MetaboliteCyclooxygenaseantimicrobialantioxidantanti-inflammatoryanticancerInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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