2. NF-κB Autophagy Apoptosis
  3. NF-κB Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis
  4. Parthenolide

Parthenolide  (Synonyms: (-)-Parthenolide)

Cat. No.: HY-N0141 Purity: 99.94%
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Parthenolide is a sesquiterpene lactone found in the medicinal herb Feverfew. Parthenolide exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NF-κB activation; also inhibits HDAC1 protein without affecting other class I/II HDACs.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Parthenolide Chemical Structure

Parthenolide Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 20554-84-1

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Based on 28 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Parthenolide:

Parthenolide Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Parthenolide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Discov. 2020 Oct 6;6:97.  [Abstract]

    Representative Western blot band shows the levels of total protein (HDAC1, p65, STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6) and phosphorylated protein for the indicated molecules (p65, STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6) in BV2 cells under LPS or IL-4 stimulation for 24 h in the presence or absence of Parthenolide (PN) (1 μM).

    Parthenolide purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Lett. 2018 Aug 1;428:77-89.  [Abstract]

    Western blots show that the NF-κB inhibitors BAY11-7082, Parthenolide, and JSH-23 cause dramatic time- and dose-dependent reductions in MGMT protein expression in LN18 and T98G glioma cells.

    View All NF-κB Isoform Specific Products:

    View All Isoforms
    NF-κB NF-κB1/p50 RelA/p65 RelB c-Rel

    • Biological Activity

    • Protocol

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Parthenolide is a sesquiterpene lactone found in the medicinal herb Feverfew. Parthenolide exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NF-κB activation; also inhibits HDAC1 protein without affecting other class I/II HDACs.

    IC50 & Target[1]

    NF-κB

     

    Autophagy

     

    Mitophagy

     

    In Vitro

    Parthenolide (PTL) has a dose-dependent growth inhibition effect on NSCLC cells Calu-1, H1792, A549, H1299, H157, and H460. Parthenolide can induce cleavage of apoptotic proteins such as CASP8, CASP9, CASP3 and PARP1 both in concentration- and time-dependent manner in tested lung cancer cells, indicating that apoptosis is trigged after Parthenolide exposure. In addition to induction of apoptosis, Parthenolide also induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in a concentration-dependent manner in A549 cells and G2/M cell cycle arrest in H1792 cells[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Parthenolide Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    Only Parthenolide, the HDAC inhibitor with anti-inflammatory features, displayed a potent anti-apoptotic effect in Phb1 KO hepatocytes. Indeed, TSA and Parthenolide-treated hepatocytes showed increased levels of FXR, and reduced levels of CYP7A1, HDAC4, TNFα, TRAIL and Bax suggesting a less toxic effect of bile acids as a results of specific HDAC inhibition, resulting in the attenuation of the Phb1 KO hepatocytes apoptotic response. Importantly, Parthenolide exerts a protective effect from the liver injury after BDL in Phb1 KO mice. Indeed, Parthenolide treatment results in a reduction of the mortality rate of this mice after BDL associated with a lower apoptotic response as revealed by a reduction of necrotic areas, Tunel-staining, as well as decreased ALT (8431±957 vs.4225±210 U/L) and AST (4805±300 vs.2242±438 U/L) activities compared to control Phb1 KO mice[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    248.32

    Formula

    C15H20O3
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    C/C1=C\CC[C@@](C)(O2)[C@H]2[C@@H](OC(C3=C)=O)[C@H]3CC1
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    In solvent -80°C 6 months
    -20°C 1 month
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (402.71 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    H2O : 0.67 mg/mL (2.70 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    *"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 4.0271 mL 20.1353 mL 40.2706 mL
    5 mM 0.8054 mL 4.0271 mL 8.0541 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.07 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.38 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.94%

    COA (260 KB) HNMR (364 KB) LCMS (88 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References
    Cell Assay
    [2]

    Human lung cancer cell lines are seeded in 96-well plates and treated on the second day with the given concentration of Parthenolide (0, 5, 10, 20 μM) for another 48 hours and then subjected to SRB or MTT assay. For SRB assay, live cell number is estimated as described earlier. After treatment, the medium is discarded firstly. In order to fix the adherent cells, 100 μL of cold trichloroacetic acid (10% (w/v)) are adding to each well and incubating at 4°C for at least 1 hour. The plates are then washed five times with deionized water and dried in the air. Each well are then added with 50 μL of SRB solution (0.4% w/v in 1% acetic acid) and incubated for 5 min at room temperature. The plates are washed five times with 1% acetic acid to remove unbound SRB and then air dried. The residual bound SRB is solubilized with 100 μL of 10 mM Tris base buffer (pH 10.5), and then read using a microtiter plate reader at 495 nm. The MTT assay is executed. 20 μL MTT (5 mg/mL) are added to each sample and incubate at 37°C for 4 h, then 100 μL solubilization solution are added. Cell viability is determined at 595 nm[2].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Animal Administration
    [3]

    Mice[3]
    Phb1 KO mice are used. Males from 8-12 weeks of age are treated. Parthenolide is intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 3 mg/kg 24 h and 1h before bile duct ligation (BDL) or twice a week during two weeks. Liver specimens are snap-frozen for subsequent analysis[3].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    H2O / DMSO 1 mM 4.0271 mL 20.1353 mL 40.2706 mL 100.6765 mL
    DMSO 5 mM 0.8054 mL 4.0271 mL 8.0541 mL 20.1353 mL
    10 mM 0.4027 mL 2.0135 mL 4.0271 mL 10.0677 mL
    15 mM 0.2685 mL 1.3424 mL 2.6847 mL 6.7118 mL
    20 mM 0.2014 mL 1.0068 mL 2.0135 mL 5.0338 mL
    25 mM 0.1611 mL 0.8054 mL 1.6108 mL 4.0271 mL
    30 mM 0.1342 mL 0.6712 mL 1.3424 mL 3.3559 mL
    40 mM 0.1007 mL 0.5034 mL 1.0068 mL 2.5169 mL
    50 mM 0.0805 mL 0.4027 mL 0.8054 mL 2.0135 mL
    60 mM 0.0671 mL 0.3356 mL 0.6712 mL 1.6779 mL
    80 mM 0.0503 mL 0.2517 mL 0.5034 mL 1.2585 mL
    100 mM 0.0403 mL 0.2014 mL 0.4027 mL 1.0068 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    Parthenolide Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Parthenolide20554-84-1(-)-ParthenolideNF-κBAutophagyMitophagyApoptosisNuclear factor-κBNuclear factor-kappaBMitochondrial AutophagyInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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