2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease PI3K/Akt/mTOR Epigenetics
  3. Mitochondrial Metabolism AMPK
  4. Biguanide

Biguanide is an orally active antihyperglycemic agent. Biguanide inhibits mitochondrial ATP production, activates the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway, and damages the energy homeostasis. Biguanide exhibits potential in ameliorating the type 2 diabetes and the insulin-associated cancers.

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Biguanide Chemical Structure

Biguanide Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 56-03-1

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Biguanide Related Antibodies

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Description

Biguanide is an orally active antihyperglycemic agent. Biguanide inhibits mitochondrial ATP production, activates the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway, and damages the energy homeostasis. Biguanide exhibits potential in ameliorating the type 2 diabetes and the insulin-associated cancers[1].

Molecular Weight

101.11

Formula

C2H7N5
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

NC(NC(N)=N)=N
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (494.51 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 9.8902 mL 49.4511 mL 98.9022 mL
5 mM 1.9780 mL 9.8902 mL 19.7804 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (49.45 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (49.45 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 9.8902 mL 49.4511 mL 98.9022 mL 247.2555 mL
5 mM 1.9780 mL 9.8902 mL 19.7804 mL 49.4511 mL
10 mM 0.9890 mL 4.9451 mL 9.8902 mL 24.7255 mL
15 mM 0.6593 mL 3.2967 mL 6.5935 mL 16.4837 mL
20 mM 0.4945 mL 2.4726 mL 4.9451 mL 12.3628 mL
25 mM 0.3956 mL 1.9780 mL 3.9561 mL 9.8902 mL
30 mM 0.3297 mL 1.6484 mL 3.2967 mL 8.2418 mL
40 mM 0.2473 mL 1.2363 mL 2.4726 mL 6.1814 mL
50 mM 0.1978 mL 0.9890 mL 1.9780 mL 4.9451 mL
60 mM 0.1648 mL 0.8242 mL 1.6484 mL 4.1209 mL
80 mM 0.1236 mL 0.6181 mL 1.2363 mL 3.0907 mL
100 mM 0.0989 mL 0.4945 mL 0.9890 mL 2.4726 mL
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Biguanide Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Biguanide56-03-1Mitochondrial MetabolismAMPKAMP-activated protein kinaseantihyperglycemicorally activetype 2 diabeteshyperglycemiahyperinsulinemiaInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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