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Amubarvimab (BRII-196) is a human IgG1 mAb that bind to non-competing epitopes on the receptorbindingdomain (RBD) of spike protein, with a KD of 5.88 nM. Amubarvimab can effectively neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants .
Tixagevimab (AZD8895) is a human monoclonal antibody that targets the SARS-CoV-2receptorbindingdomain (RBD). It exhibits neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 by binding to the RBD and the S-glycoprotein ectodomain and blocking S-glycoprotein-mediated binding to the receptor .
Inetetamab is a monoclonal antibody binding to domain IV of HER2 receptor. Inetetamab alone or together with tyrosine kinase inhibitors has antitumor activities .
hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA, a thiol-containing peptide which corresponds to a second FSH receptor-bindingdomain, is a FSHR (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) antagonist. hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA inhibits binding of FSH to receptor and is a partial agonist of estradiol synthesis in Sertoli cells .
BI-0115 is a selective inhibitor of LOX-1 (IC50=5.4 µM) that blocks cellular uptake of oxLDL. BI-0115 binding triggers receptor inhibition by formation of dimers of the homodimeric ligand bindingdomain .
SSAA09E2 is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV (Severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus) replication, acting by blocking early interactions of SARS-S with the receptor for SARS-CoV, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) .
123B9, a tumor-homing agent, is a potent and selective EphA2 agonist with a Kd value of 4.0 μM. 123B9 selectively targets the EphA2 tyrosine kinase receptor ligand-bindingdomain. 123B9 does not appreciably inhibit the ligand bindingdomains of the most closely related EphA3 and EphA4 receptors .
UBP684 is a novel positive allosteric modulator of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) that enhances receptor function by stabilizing the ligand-bindingdomains in a closed conformation, resulting in potentiated whole-cell currents and increased mean open time.
CGP 31358 is an anticonvulsant agent that binds to a site on the NMDA receptor complex that is coupled to both the transmitter recognition site and to the channel domain. CGP 31358 inhibits the binding of L-Glutamate to the NMDA receptor complex with an IC50 of 53 μM .
VGB4 is a VEGF-A and VEGF-B antagonist peptide that duplicates two bindingdomains of VEGF-B (loop 1 and loop3) and are linked together by the receptor-bindingdomain of VEGF-A (loop3). VGB4 has significant anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities and can regulate tumor growth and metastasis through multiple mechanisms. VGB4 could be used in anti-tumor research .
EG00229 is a neuropilin 1 (NRP1) receptor antagonist. EG00229 selectively inhibits VEGF-A binding to NRP1 b1 domain with an IC50 of 3 μM, but has no effect on VEGFA binding to VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 .
Giredestrant (GDC-9545), a non-steroidal estrogen receptor (ER) ligand, is an orally active and selective ER antagonist. Giredestrant potently competes with Estradiol for binding and induces a conformational change within the ER ligand bindingdomain. Giredestrant has anti-tumor activity .
NOD-IN-1 is a potent mixed inhibitor of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, NOD1 and NOD2, with IC50 of 5.74 μM and 6.45 μM, respectively.
Giredestrant tartrate (GDC-9545 tartrate), a non-steroidal ER ligand, is an orally active and selective estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist. Giredestrant tartrate potently competes with estradiol for binding and induces a conformational change within the ER ligand bindingdomain. Anti-tumor activity .
Anti-MERS-D12 mAb (MERS-D12; MERS Antibody-D12) is a human monoclonal IgG1. Anti-MERS-D12 mAb binds directly to the DPP4 interacting region of the MERS-CoV Spike receptorbindingdomain (RBD) and effect neutralization by directly blocking receptorbinding .
(R)-Pioglitazone ((+)-pioglitazone) is the R enantiomer of Pioglitazone (HY-13956). (R)-Pioglitazone is an orally active and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-bindingdomain. (R)-Pioglitazone can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease .
CMP8, a selective ligand for estrogen receptor, binds to the mutant estrogen receptor ligand bindingdomain (ERLBD). CMP8 exhibits IC50 values of 29 nM , 41 nM, 1100 nM and 2200 nM for MGERα, MGRERα, hERα and hERβ, respectively .
Pamaqueside (CP148623) is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor and a potent binder of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-bindingdomain (RBD), which may inhibit viral cellular entry. Pamaqueside can be utilized in metabolic and antiviral research .
Pioglitazone (U 72107) is an orally active and selective PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-bindingdomain with EC50 of 0.93 and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively. Pioglitazone can be used in diabetes research .
Pioglitazone (U 72107) potassium is an orally active and selective PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-bindingdomain with EC50 of 0.93 μM and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively. Pioglitazone potassium can be used in diabetes research .
GRK2i is a Gβγ-inhibitory peptide that selectively prevents Gβγ-mediated signaling. GRK2i corresponds to the Gβγ-bindingdomain of GRK2 (G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2) .
SR1078 is a selective agonist of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α/γ (RORα/RORγ). SR1078 directly binds to the ligand bindingdomain of RORα and RORγ and increases the transcriptional activity of these receptors, leading to stimulation of RORα/γ target gene transcription .
MS159 is a potent nuclear receptorbinding SET structural domain protein 2 (NSD2) PROTACdegrader. MS159 inhibits the growth of tumour cells. MS159 is a useful chemical tool for exploring the role of NSD2 in health and disease .
VPC-14228 is a potent androgen receptor DNA bindingdomain (AR-DBD) inhibitor that interferes with the interaction of AR with androgen response elements and effectively blocks AR transcriptional activity. VPC-14228 can be used in prostate cancer research .
Regdanvimab (CT-P59) is a human monoclonal antibody that targets the receptor-bindingdomain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, blocking interaction with ACE2 for viral entry. Regdanvimab can be used for the research of COVID-19 .
Beludavimab (BMS 4182137; VIR 7832) is a monoclonal antibody targeting the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. Beludavimab binds to recombinant spike protein receptor-bindingdomain (S-RBD) with an EC50 value of 14.9 ng/mL and a Kd of 0.21 nM .
DS45500853 is an estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist. DS45500853 inhibits the binding between receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) corepressor peptide (10 nM) and GST-ERRα ligand-bindingdomain (LBD; 1.2 μM) with an IC50 value of 0.80 μM. DS45500853 can be used for the research of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) .
DS20362725 is an estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist. DS20362725 inhibits the binding between receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) corepressor peptide (10 nM) and GST-ERRα ligand-bindingdomain (LBD; 1.2 μM) with an IC50 value of 0.6 μM. DS20362725 can be used for the research of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) .
BI-9321 trihydrochloride is a potent, selective and cellular active nuclear receptor-binding SET domain 3 (NSD3)-PWWP1 domain antagonist with a Kd value of 166 nM. BI-9321 trihydrochloride is inactive against NSD2-PWWP1 and NSD3-PWWP2. BI-9321 trihydrochloride specifically disrupts histone interactions of the NSD3-PWWP1 domain with an IC50 of 1.2 μM in U2OS cells .
BI-9321 is a potent, selective and cellular active nuclear receptor-binding SET domain 3 (NSD3)-PWWP1 domain antagonist with a Kd value of 166 nM. BI-9321 is inactive against NSD2-PWWP1 and NSD3-PWWP2. BI-9321 specifically disrupts histone interactions of the NSD3-PWWP1 domain with an IC50 of 1.2 μM in U2OS cells .
Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) is a pentapeptide that forms the cell-bindingdomain of a glycoprotein, osteopontin. Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser binds to integrin receptors αvβ3 and αvβ5 with estimated IC50 of ～5 and ～6.5 μM
Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (TFA) is a pentapeptide that forms the cell-bindingdomain of a glycoprotein, osteopontin . Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser binds to integrin receptors αvβ3 and αvβ5 with estimated IC50 of ∼5 and ∼6.5 μM .
Pioglitazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pioglitazone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pioglitazone (U 72107) is an orally active and selective PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-bindingdomain with EC50 of 0.93 and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively. Pioglitazone can be used in diabetes research .
Zalutumumab is a high affinity, completely human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting EGFR. Zalutumumab binds to domain III of the EGF receptor and acts by blocking the binding of EGF and by sterically interfering with the active conformation of the receptor. Zalutumumab binds with IgG and its Fab fragment with EC50s of 7 and 19 nM, respectively. Zalutumumab can be used for the research of cancer .
TP508 is a 23-amino acid nonproteolytic thrombin peptide that represents a portion of the receptor-bindingdomain of thrombin molecule. TP508 activates endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and stimulates production of NO in human endothelial cells. TP508 activates endothelial cells and stem cells to revascularize and regenerate tissues .
TP508 TFA is a 23-amino acid nonproteolytic thrombin peptide that represents a portion of the receptor-bindingdomain of thrombin molecule. TP508 TFA activates endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and stimulates production of NO in human endothelial cells. TP508 TFA activates endothelial cells and stem cells to revascularize and regenerate tissues .
UT-34 is a potent, selective and orally active second-generation pan-androgen receptor (AR) antagonist and degrader with IC50s of 211.7 nM, 262.4 nM and 215.7 nM for wild-type, F876L and W741L AR, respectively. UT-34 binds to ligand-bindingdomain (LBD) and function-1 (AF-1) domains and requires ubiquitin proteasome pathway to degrade the AR. UT-34 has anti-prostate cancer efficacy .
Tebentafusp (IMCgp100) is a bispecific fusion protein to target gp100 peptide-HLA-A*02:01 (a melanoma-associated antigen). Tebentafusp guides T cells to kill gp100-expressing tumor cells via a high affinity T-cell receptor (TCR) bindingdomain and an anti-CD3 T-cell engaging domain. Tebentafusp leads to inflammatory cytokines and cytolytic proteins production, resulting in the direct lysis of tumour cells .
GSK575594A is a modulator of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in Ascaris suum. GSK575594A enhances muscle contractions induced by acetylcholine (ACh) by binding to the allosteric binding site between subunits within the transmembrane domain of nAChR. At a concentration of 3 μM, GSK575594A significantly increased the contraction induced by ACh in Ascaris suum (Emax increased from 1.19 g to 1.51 g). GSK575594A may be used in research within the field of antiparasitic studies .
RTIL 13 is a potent inhibitor of dynamin GTPase, with an IC50 of 2.3 μM for dynamin I GTPase. RTIL 13 also targets pleckstrin homology lipid bindingdomain. RTIL 13 can inhibit receptor-mediated and synaptic vesicle endocytosis, with IC50s of 9.3 μM and 7.1 μM, respectively .
LY550410 is a small-molecule ATP-competitive inhibitor against type I TGF-β receptor kinase, which contains heteroaryl rings for potent binding to the kinase-domain active site. LY550410 modulates TGF-β signalling, thereby regulates gene expression and ultimately cell growth. LY550410 is promising for research of cancers .
LG190178 is a non-steroidal vitamin D receptor (VDR) ligand that can induce the formation of heterodimer complexes between VDR and retinoid X receptor (RXR), stabilizing the agonistic conformation of the VDR ligand-bindingdomain and promoting its interaction with co-activators. LG190178 has functions in regulating calcium homeostasis, bone mineralization, as well as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, making it useful for research in psoriasis, osteoporosis, and cancer .
VPC-14449 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the DNA-bindingdomain of the androgen receptor (AR-DBD), with IC50 of 0.34 μM for full-length human AR. VPC-14449 reduces the ability of full-length AR as well as AR variants to interact with chromatin. VPC-14449 can be used for the research of prostate cancer .
KG-548 is an ARNT/TACC3 disruptor and a HIF-1α inhibitor. KG-548 directly interferes with ARNT/TACC3 complex formation by competing with TACC3 for binding to the ARNT PAS-B domain. ARNT is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, also known as HIF-β .
AMN082, a selective, orally active, and brain penetrant mGluR7 agonist, directly activates receptor signaling via an allosteric site in the transmembrane domain. AMN082 potently inhibits cAMP accumulation and stimulates GTPγS binding (EC50 values, 64-290 nM) at transfected mammalian cells expressing mGluR7. AMN082 shows selectivity over other mGluR subtypes and selected ionotropic glutamate receptors. Antidepressant effects .
SHBG 141-161 is a GPRC6Areceptor agonist. SHBG 141-161 mimics the action of GPRC6A endogenous agonist uncarboxylated osteocalcin by binding to GPRC6A and promoting downstream signaling to increase testosterone and insulin secretion. SHBG 141-161 also reduces the affinity of GPRC6A to GDP protein by binding to the outer cell domain of GPRC6A thus affecting the dynamics of signal transduction. SHBG 141-161 can be used to study GPRC6A in energy metabolism and endocrine regulation .
MRT-92 is a Smoothened (Smo) antagonist (Ki=0.7 nM) with anticancer activity. MRT-92 inhibits Hedgehog signaling pathway and rodent cerebellar granule cell proliferation by blocking overlapping binding sites in the transmembrane domain of the Smoothenedreceptor (IC50=0.4 nM). MRT-92 can be used in the study of cerebellar glioma .
UNC8153 is a potent and selective nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing 2 (NSD2)-targeted degrader with a Kd of 24 nM. UNC8153 reduces the cellular levels of both NSD2 protein and the H3K36me2 chromatin mark. UNC8153 contains a simple warhead that confers proteasome-dependent degradation of NSD2 .
Targeted molecular dynamics simulations of the entry of GW0072, a macromolecular ligand with flexible ionic properties, into the ligand-bindingdomain of the nuclear receptor PPARc were performed. Starting from the apo-form, where the ligand is located outside the receptor, the simulation ultimately locks the ligand into the binding pocket, yielding a structure very close to the holo-form. The results show that the entry process is mainly guided by hydrophobic interactions, and that the entry and exit pathways are very similar. We suggest that the TMD approach may be useful in distinguishing ligands generated by in silico docking. To address the question of the ligand entry process, we report targeted molecular dynamics (TMD) simulations of the binding of the GW0072 ligand to the ligand-bindingdomain (LBD) of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARc). PPARc is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and an important agent target for many diseases. We chose to study this complex because (i) GW0072 is a large ionic, highly flexible ligand that includes aliphatic chains and polar groups, and (ii) previous simulations have defined a possible escape pathway for this ligand. Starting from the apo-form of the receptor (PDB.ID 1PRG, chain A), with the ligand located outside, TMD simulations converged on a holo-form complex that is close to the target structure (PDB.ID 4PRG, chain A), defining a permeation pathway into the binding pocket that is very similar to the escape pathway. However, during the entry of GW0072 into the receptor (Fig. 5), the helices are very mobile, and once the ligand is placed in the pocket, AF-2 becomes more rigid during the remainder of the simulation (Fig. S1 in the Supplementary Materials). This finding is in good agreement with the observations of Oberfield et al. [12], suggesting that despite the absence of direct interaction with the ligand, the presence of the ligand in the binding site stabilizes an intermediate conformation of AF-2, which may be responsible for the property of GW0072 as a partial agonist.
CSRM617 is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of the transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2, a master regulator of androgen receptor) with a Kd of 7.43 uM in SPR assays, binding to OC2-HOX domain directly. CSRM617 induces apoptosis by appearance of cleaved Caspase-3 and PARP. CSRM617 is well tolerated in the prostate cancer mouse model
CSRM617 hydrochloride is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of the transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2, a master regulator of androgen receptor) with a Kd of 7.43 uM in SPR assays, binding to OC2-HOX domain directly. CSRM617 hydrochloride induces apoptosis by appearance of cleaved Caspase-3 and PARP. CSRM617 hydrochloride is well tolerated in the prostate cancer mouse model
Laminin β2 (Human laminin) is a crucial structural element in animal tissues, forming part of the scaffolding that supports tissue architecture. It interacts with type IV collagen through entactin and perlecan, connects to cell membranes via integrin receptors, dystroglycan complexes, and Lutheran blood group glycoproteins, and contains functional domains that facilitate collagen binding, cell adhesion, heparin interaction, and promote neurite outgrowth.
RG 14921, a compound structurally related to erbstatin, was investigated for its mechanism of inhibition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase and CAMP-dependent kinase activity by kinetic analysis. Both compounds are slow-binding inhibitors of EGF receptor kinase. Erbstatin inhibits EGF receptor kinase as a partially competitive inhibitor relative to ATP and peptide substrates, suggesting that it binds at different positions in the enzyme's ATP- and peptide substrate-binding sites, thereby reducing the enzyme's binding affinity for both substrates. In contrast, the derivative RG 14921 inhibits EGF receptor kinase activity as a noncompetitive inhibitor relative to ATP and peptide substrates. Structurally related compounds exhibit different modes of inhibition, suggesting that the catalytic center of the receptor kinase domain may have a dynamic and possibly extended structure. Erbstatin and RG 14921 exerted similar effects on CAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. In this system, both compounds exhibited strong inhibition and acted in a competitive inhibition manner with ATP and a noncompetitive inhibition manner with peptide substrates.
NSD2-PWWP1 ligand 1 (compound 34) is a small molecule ligand targeting the NSD2-PWWP1 domain (pIC50: 8.2). NSD2 is a large multidomain protein with histone writer and histone reader functions. Dysregulation of the levels of histone methyltransferase nuclear receptorbinding SET domain 2 (NSD2) may lead to a variety of hematological and solid malignancies. NSD2-PWWP1 ligand 1 binds to NSD2, reducing its enzymatic activity and inhibiting tumorigenesis .
AMN082 free base, a selective, orally active, and brain penetrant mGluR7 agonist, directly activates receptor signaling via an allosteric site in the transmembrane domain. AMN082 free base potently inhibits cAMP accumulation and stimulates GTPγS binding (EC50 values, 64-290 nM) at transfected mammalian cells expressing mGluR7. AMN082 free base shows selectivity over other mGluR subtypes and selected ionotropic glutamate receptors. Antidepressant effects .
UNC8153 TFA is a potent and selective nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing 2 (NSD2)-targeted degrader with a Kd of 24 nM. UNC8153 TFA reduces the cellular levels of both NSD2 protein and the H3K36me2 chromatin mark. UNC8153 TFA contains a simple warhead that confers proteasome-dependent degradation of NSD2 .
Ogalvibart (C-135-LS) is a human anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody (IgG1 type). Ogalvibart binds to the spike (S) glycoprotein receptor-bindingdomain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Ogalvibart in combination with C144LS (1:1 ratio) shows good preventive activity and can effectively block the development of COVID19 in a rhesus monkey disease model .
Lactandrate is a D-high nitrogen steroid alkylating agent. It can interact with the ligand-bindingdomain (LBD) of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα). Lactandrate has a growth inhibitory effect on breast cancer cells, with a GI50 value ranging from 5 to 65 μM. It shows anti-tumor activity in mouse breast tumors (MXT and CD8F1) as well as in human xenograft MX-1 .
Lestaurtinib (CEP-701) is an orally active and selective RPTKs (receptor protein tyrosine kinase) inhibitor, competitively inhibits ATP binding to the TrkA/B/Cdomain. Lestaurtinib inhibits RPTKs phosphorylation, with IC50s of 2, 25 and 0.9 nM for FLT3, TrkA and JAK2, respectively. Lestaurtinib induces apoptosis and cycle arrest, also can inhibit growth of tumor .
KYL peptide, an antagonistic peptide, selectively targets EphA4 receptor (IC50:4.22 μM, Kd:1.3 μM). KYL peptide binds to the ligand-bindingdomain of EphA4, effectively alleviates Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction and synaptic plasticity defects in AD mice. KYL peptide can promote nerve regeneration after injury and modulating immune responses .
HBT1 is a potent α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor (AMPA-R) potentiator. HBT1 bonds with S518 in the ligand-bindingdomain (LBD) of AMPA-R in a glutamate-dependent manner. HBT1 did not show remarkable bell-shaped response in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production in primary neurons .
αGalCer-RBD is a self-adjuvanting lipoprotein conjugate. αGalCer-RBD induces potent immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern. αGalCer-RBD conjugate induces RBD-specific, cytokine-producing T cell development. αGalCer-RBD has great potential to be an effective COVID-19 vaccine candidate. α-Galactosylceramide (αGalCer) is a potent invariant natural killer T cell (iNKT) agonist . RBD: receptor-bindingdomain
Teprotumumab is an IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) blocking human monoclonal antibody. Teprotumumab binds to the ligand binding extracellular α-subunit domain of IGF-1R. Teprotumumab inhibits TSH and IGF-1 action in fibrocytes. Teprotumumab attenuates TSH-dependent IL-6 and IL-8 expression and Akt phosphorylation. Teprotumumab can be used for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy research .
7α,24(S)-Dihydroxycholesterol ((3β,7α,24S)-Cholest-5-ene-3,7,24-triol) serves as a ligand for liver X receptor (LXR), binding specifically to the ligand bindingdomains of both LXRα and LXRβ. This compound is synthetically produced from E-α,β-enone, utilizing Arsonium ylide and J-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-bisnor-5-cholenaldehyde as starting materials, followed by a series of transformations to yield 7α,24(S)-dihydroxycholesterol.
NSD2-IN-1 (compound 38) is a potent and high selective NSD2-PWWP1 (nuclear receptor-binding SET domain 2-PWWP1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.11 μM. NSD2-IN-1 can bind to NSD2-PWWP1 and then affect the expression of genes regulated by NSD2. NSD2-IN-1 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest .
NRX-0492 is an orally active and potent degrader of BTK. NRX-0492 catalyzes ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of BTK with DC50≤0.2 nM and DC90≤0.5 nM, respectively. NRX-0492 inhibits B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signaling, transcriptional programs, and chemokine secretion. Moreover, NRX-0492 also links a noncovalent BTK-bindingdomain to Cereblon. Cereblon is an adaptor protein of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex .
LLC0424 is a potent and selective cereblon-based PROTAC nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing 2 (NSD2) degrader. LLC0424 effectively degraded NSD2 with a DC50 of 20 nM in RPMI-8402 cells. LLC0424 selectively induces NSD2 degradation in a cereblon- and proteasome-dependent fashion. (Blue: CRBN ligand (HY-14658), Black: linker (HY-40002); Pink: NSD2 inhibitor (HY-161575)) .
NSC339614 potassium is a selective GluN1/GluN2C and GluN1/GluN2D receptor enhancer with the activity of enhancing neuronal responses to specific NMDA receptors. NSC339614 potassium can selectively enhance the signaling of GluN1/GluN2C and GluN1/GluN2D receptors without affecting other NMDA receptors. The mechanism of action of NSC339614 potassium does not compete with agonists of L-glutamate or glycine, nor does it depend on membrane potential. The activity of NSC339614 potassium depends on the specific structure of the agonist ligand bindingdomain, showing its potential as a novel pharmacological agent for studying the function of NMDA receptor subtypes and providing new lead compounds for a variety of neurological diseases .
PROTAC AR-V7 degrader-1 (Compound 6) is a potent, orally bioavailable and selective AR-V7 degrader with the DC50 of 0.32 µM by recruiting VHL E3 ligase to Androgen receptor (AR) DNA bindingdomain (DBD) binder. PROTAC AR-V7 degrader-1 exhibits activity against 22Rv1 cell-line expressing AR-V7 with the EC50 of 0.88 µM .
NOD1/2 antagonist-1 (compound 36b) is a potent NOD1/2 (nucleotide-binding
oligomerization domain-like receptor 1/2) dual antagonist, with IC50 values of 1.13 (NOD1) and 0.77 μM (NOD2), respectively. NOD1/2 antagonist-1 has a acceptable T1/2 (67.6 min). NOD1/2 antagonist-1 (compound 36b) can improve the antitumor efficacy of Paclitaxel (PTX) .
Lebrikizumab (TNX-650) is an IgG4 humanized anti-interleukin-13 (IL-13) mAb with anti-itch effects that specifically binds to IL-13 in a non-receptorbindingdomain and inhibits its function. Lebrikizumab inhibits the IL-13 driven Th2 inflammatory response and blocks the signaling of IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1. Lebrikizumab can be used for the research of asthma, atopic dermatitis and neuroinflammatory diseases .
NSD-IN-3 (compound 3) is a potent nuclear receptorbinding SET domain (NSD) inhibitor. NSD-IN-3 inhibits NSD2-SET and NSD3-SET with IC50 values of 0.81 μM and 0.84 μM, respectively. NSD-IN-3 inhibits histone H3K36 dimethylation and decreases the expression of NSDs-targeted genes in non-small cell lung cancer cells. NSD-IN-3 induces s-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis .
SC428 is an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor that targets the N-terminal domain. SC428 potently decrease the transactivation of (AR)-V7, (AR)v567es, as well as full-length ( AR ) (AR-FL) and its LBD mutants, substantially. SC428 inhibits androgen-stimulated (AR)-FL nuclear translocation, chromatin binding, and (AR) -regulated gene transcription. SC428 inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro. SC428 inhibits tumor cell growth by inducing apoptosis in mice transplanted with 22RV1 .
PROTAC NSD3 degrader-1 (compound 56) is a PROTAC targeting to Nuclear receptorbinding SET domain protein NSD3. PROTAC NSD3 degrader-1 specifically induces NSD3 degradation with DC50 values of 1.43 and 0.94 μM in lung cancer cells NCI-H1703 and A549, respectively. PROTAC NSD3 degrader-1 suppresses the methylation of H3K36, induces apoptosis, and causes cell-cycle arrest. PROTAC NSD3 degrader-1 also downregulates the expression of NSD3-associated genes such as CDC25A, ALDH1A1, and IGFBP.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is an activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) , inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis and dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity . 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole promotes bladder cancer cell invasion by altering the conformation of the AhR ligand bindingdomain (LBD), activating AhR transcription, and upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of target genes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 . 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole inhibits thyroid peroxidase (TPO) with an IC50 value of 11.5 μM, induces histological changes such as follicular cell hypertrophy in Xenopus laevis tadpoles, delaying metamorphosis . 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole increases chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and enhances carcinogenicity in F344/N rats . 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole inhibits norepinephrine synthesis in mice and completely blocks the conversion of exogenous dopamine to norepinephrine in rat cardiomyocytes .
hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA, a thiol-containing peptide which corresponds to a second FSH receptor-bindingdomain, is a FSHR (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) antagonist. hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA inhibits binding of FSH to receptor and is a partial agonist of estradiol synthesis in Sertoli cells .
Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) is a pentapeptide that forms the cell-bindingdomain of a glycoprotein, osteopontin. Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser binds to integrin receptors αvβ3 and αvβ5 with estimated IC50 of ～5 and ～6.5 μM
TP508 TFA is a 23-amino acid nonproteolytic thrombin peptide that represents a portion of the receptor-bindingdomain of thrombin molecule. TP508 TFA activates endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and stimulates production of NO in human endothelial cells. TP508 TFA activates endothelial cells and stem cells to revascularize and regenerate tissues .
123B9, a tumor-homing agent, is a potent and selective EphA2 agonist with a Kd value of 4.0 μM. 123B9 selectively targets the EphA2 tyrosine kinase receptor ligand-bindingdomain. 123B9 does not appreciably inhibit the ligand bindingdomains of the most closely related EphA3 and EphA4 receptors .
VGB4 is a VEGF-A and VEGF-B antagonist peptide that duplicates two bindingdomains of VEGF-B (loop 1 and loop3) and are linked together by the receptor-bindingdomain of VEGF-A (loop3). VGB4 has significant anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities and can regulate tumor growth and metastasis through multiple mechanisms. VGB4 could be used in anti-tumor research .
GRK2i is a Gβγ-inhibitory peptide that selectively prevents Gβγ-mediated signaling. GRK2i corresponds to the Gβγ-bindingdomain of GRK2 (G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2) .
Stalk peptide is a GPR110 activator. Stalk peptide is released from GPCR Autoproteolysis INducing domain by autocatalytic process and then Stalk peptide is inserted into the ligand-binding pocket of the receptor to activate the receptor. Stalk peptide can promote nerve growth and synaptic formation. Stalk peptide can be used to study neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases .
Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (TFA) is a pentapeptide that forms the cell-bindingdomain of a glycoprotein, osteopontin . Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser binds to integrin receptors αvβ3 and αvβ5 with estimated IC50 of ∼5 and ∼6.5 μM .
TP508 is a 23-amino acid nonproteolytic thrombin peptide that represents a portion of the receptor-bindingdomain of thrombin molecule. TP508 activates endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and stimulates production of NO in human endothelial cells. TP508 activates endothelial cells and stem cells to revascularize and regenerate tissues .
SHBG 141-161 is a GPRC6Areceptor agonist. SHBG 141-161 mimics the action of GPRC6A endogenous agonist uncarboxylated osteocalcin by binding to GPRC6A and promoting downstream signaling to increase testosterone and insulin secretion. SHBG 141-161 also reduces the affinity of GPRC6A to GDP protein by binding to the outer cell domain of GPRC6A thus affecting the dynamics of signal transduction. SHBG 141-161 can be used to study GPRC6A in energy metabolism and endocrine regulation .
KYL peptide, an antagonistic peptide, selectively targets EphA4 receptor (IC50:4.22 μM, Kd:1.3 μM). KYL peptide binds to the ligand-bindingdomain of EphA4, effectively alleviates Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction and synaptic plasticity defects in AD mice. KYL peptide can promote nerve regeneration after injury and modulating immune responses .
Amubarvimab (BRII-196) is a human IgG1 mAb that bind to non-competing epitopes on the receptorbindingdomain (RBD) of spike protein, with a KD of 5.88 nM. Amubarvimab can effectively neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants .
Tixagevimab (AZD8895) is a human monoclonal antibody that targets the SARS-CoV-2receptorbindingdomain (RBD). It exhibits neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 by binding to the RBD and the S-glycoprotein ectodomain and blocking S-glycoprotein-mediated binding to the receptor .
Inetetamab is a monoclonal antibody binding to domain IV of HER2 receptor. Inetetamab alone or together with tyrosine kinase inhibitors has antitumor activities .
Regdanvimab (CT-P59) is a human monoclonal antibody that targets the receptor-bindingdomain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, blocking interaction with ACE2 for viral entry. Regdanvimab can be used for the research of COVID-19 .
Zalutumumab is a high affinity, completely human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting EGFR. Zalutumumab binds to domain III of the EGF receptor and acts by blocking the binding of EGF and by sterically interfering with the active conformation of the receptor. Zalutumumab binds with IgG and its Fab fragment with EC50s of 7 and 19 nM, respectively. Zalutumumab can be used for the research of cancer .
Anti-MERS-D12 mAb (MERS-D12; MERS Antibody-D12) is a human monoclonal IgG1. Anti-MERS-D12 mAb binds directly to the DPP4 interacting region of the MERS-CoV Spike receptorbindingdomain (RBD) and effect neutralization by directly blocking receptorbinding .
Beludavimab (BMS 4182137; VIR 7832) is a monoclonal antibody targeting the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. Beludavimab binds to recombinant spike protein receptor-bindingdomain (S-RBD) with an EC50 value of 14.9 ng/mL and a Kd of 0.21 nM .
Tebentafusp (IMCgp100) is a bispecific fusion protein to target gp100 peptide-HLA-A*02:01 (a melanoma-associated antigen). Tebentafusp guides T cells to kill gp100-expressing tumor cells via a high affinity T-cell receptor (TCR) bindingdomain and an anti-CD3 T-cell engaging domain. Tebentafusp leads to inflammatory cytokines and cytolytic proteins production, resulting in the direct lysis of tumour cells .
Dargistotug (M-6223) is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting TIGIT (T cell immune receptor with Ig domain and ITIM). TIGIT is an inhibitory immune checkpoint that promotes NK cell depletion and reduces the secretion of cytokines by binding to CD155 and other antibodies. It can also directly or indirectly inhibit effector T cells and upregulate Tregs cells, thereby exerting immunosuppression. Function .
Ogalvibart (C-135-LS) is a human anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody (IgG1 type). Ogalvibart binds to the spike (S) glycoprotein receptor-bindingdomain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Ogalvibart in combination with C144LS (1:1 ratio) shows good preventive activity and can effectively block the development of COVID19 in a rhesus monkey disease model .
Teprotumumab is an IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) blocking human monoclonal antibody. Teprotumumab binds to the ligand binding extracellular α-subunit domain of IGF-1R. Teprotumumab inhibits TSH and IGF-1 action in fibrocytes. Teprotumumab attenuates TSH-dependent IL-6 and IL-8 expression and Akt phosphorylation. Teprotumumab can be used for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy research .
Lebrikizumab (TNX-650) is an IgG4 humanized anti-interleukin-13 (IL-13) mAb with anti-itch effects that specifically binds to IL-13 in a non-receptorbindingdomain and inhibits its function. Lebrikizumab inhibits the IL-13 driven Th2 inflammatory response and blocks the signaling of IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1. Lebrikizumab can be used for the research of asthma, atopic dermatitis and neuroinflammatory diseases .
Zalutumumab is a high affinity, completely human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting EGFR. Zalutumumab binds to domain III of the EGF receptor and acts by blocking the binding of EGF and by sterically interfering with the active conformation of the receptor. Zalutumumab binds with IgG and its Fab fragment with EC50s of 7 and 19 nM, respectively. Zalutumumab can be used for the research of cancer .
Tebentafusp (IMCgp100) is a bispecific fusion protein to target gp100 peptide-HLA-A*02:01 (a melanoma-associated antigen). Tebentafusp guides T cells to kill gp100-expressing tumor cells via a high affinity T-cell receptor (TCR) bindingdomain and an anti-CD3 T-cell engaging domain. Tebentafusp leads to inflammatory cytokines and cytolytic proteins production, resulting in the direct lysis of tumour cells .
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is an activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) , inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis and dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity . 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole promotes bladder cancer cell invasion by altering the conformation of the AhR ligand bindingdomain (LBD), activating AhR transcription, and upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of target genes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 . 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole inhibits thyroid peroxidase (TPO) with an IC50 value of 11.5 μM, induces histological changes such as follicular cell hypertrophy in Xenopus laevis tadpoles, delaying metamorphosis . 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole increases chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and enhances carcinogenicity in F344/N rats . 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole inhibits norepinephrine synthesis in mice and completely blocks the conversion of exogenous dopamine to norepinephrine in rat cardiomyocytes .
Pioglitazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pioglitazone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pioglitazone (U 72107) is an orally active and selective PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-bindingdomain with EC50 of 0.93 and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively. Pioglitazone can be used in diabetes research .
Ogalvibart (C-135-LS) is a human anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody (IgG1 type). Ogalvibart binds to the spike (S) glycoprotein receptor-bindingdomain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. Ogalvibart in combination with C144LS (1:1 ratio) shows good preventive activity and can effectively block the development of COVID19 in a rhesus monkey disease model .
DBI, a versatile protein, binds medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters, indicating a potential intracellular carrier role. It also displaces diazepam from the benzodiazepine recognition site on the GABA type A receptor. This dual functionality suggests DBI may act as a neuropeptide, modulating GABA receptor activity. Remarkably, DBI functions as a monomer in these interactions. DBI Protein, Human (103a.a, His) is the recombinant human-derived DBI protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of DBI Protein, Human (103a.a, His) is 103 a.a., with molecular weight of ~14 kDa.
The LYVE-1 protein is a ligand-specific transporter that regulates molecular transport between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the plasma membrane. It plays a key role in autocrine cell growth regulation, mediating the uptake and catabolism of growth regulators through cell surface retention sequences. LYVE-1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived LYVE-1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of LYVE-1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 219 a.a., with molecular weight of 40-60 kDa.
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