Verapamil (Synonyms: (±)-Verapamil; CP-16533-1)

Name: Verapamil
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-14275
Rating: 5.0 (58 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-14275 Purity: 99.18%: FAQs
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Verapamil ((±)-Verapamil) is a calcium channel blocker and a potent and orally active first-generation P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. Verapamil also inhibits CYP3A4. Verapamil has the potential for high blood pressure, heart arrhythmias and angina research.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Verapamil Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 52-53-9

Size	Stock	Quantity
Oil + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Oil
50 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
250 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
500 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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Based on 58 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Verapamil:

Verapamil hydrochloride In-stock
Verapamil-d₇ Get quote

57 Publications Citing Use of MCE Verapamil

RT-PCR

: Verapamil purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Neurochem Res. 2022 Dec 8. [Abstract]; LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) expression and extracellular secretion in primary astrocytes are suppressed following administration of the P-gp inhibitor verapamil (Ver; 70 μM).

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N-type calcium channel L-type calcium channel P/Q-type calcium channel T-type calcium channel Calcium Channel

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CYP1 CYP2 CYP3 CYP4 CYP11 CYP17 Aromatase/CYP19A1 CYP26 CYP51 CYP1A2 CYP2D6 CYP2C9 CYP2C19 CYP3A4 CYP17A1

Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

CYP3

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A2780 ADR	IC₅₀	5.2 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in adriamycin-resistant human A2780/ADR cells by calcein AM assay Inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in adriamycin-resistant human A2780/ADR cells by calcein AM assay	[PMID: 19250834]
A2780 ADR	IC₅₀	5.4 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of P-gp expressed in A2780adr cells by calcein AM accumulation assay Inhibition of P-gp expressed in A2780adr cells by calcein AM accumulation assay	[PMID: 21354800]
A2780/Taxol	IC₅₀	0.0188 μM Compound: VRP	Reversal of multidrug resistance activity in P-gp overexpressing human A2780T cells assessed as potentiation of PTX-induced cytotoxicity by measuring PTX IC50 at 10 uM incubated for 48 hrs in presence of paclitaxel by MTT assay (Rvb = 3.972 uM) Reversal of multidrug resistance activity in P-gp overexpressing human A2780T cells assessed as potentiation of PTX-induced cytotoxicity by measuring PTX IC50 at 10 uM incubated for 48 hrs in presence of paclitaxel by MTT assay (Rvb = 3.972 uM)	[PMID: 32750634]
A2780/Taxol	IC₅₀	18.8 nM Compound: Verapamil	Potentiation of paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity against human A2780/TAX cells assessed as paclitaxel IC50 at 10 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 3970 nM) Potentiation of paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity against human A2780/TAX cells assessed as paclitaxel IC50 at 10 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 3970 nM)	[PMID: 30455148]
A549	IC₅₀	127.09 μM Compound: verapamil	Cytotoxicity against taxol-resistant human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against taxol-resistant human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25582602]
A7R5	IC₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: Verapamil	Antagonist activity at calcium channel in rat A7R5 cells assessed as inhibition of Cacl2/KCl-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ incubated for 15 mins prior to Cacl2/KCl challenge by fluorescence assay Antagonist activity at calcium channel in rat A7R5 cells assessed as inhibition of Cacl2/KCl-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ incubated for 15 mins prior to Cacl2/KCl challenge by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 25311564]
B16-F10	ED₅₀	3 μM Compound: verapamil	Inhibition of human MDR1 expressed in mouse B16/F10 cells assessed as increase in doxorubicin accumulation by fluorimetry Inhibition of human MDR1 expressed in mouse B16/F10 cells assessed as increase in doxorubicin accumulation by fluorimetry	[PMID: 9461658]
BHK-21	IC₅₀	≥ 100 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against hamster BHK21 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against hamster BHK21 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20691599]
BHK-21	IC₅₀	10.6 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against hamster BHK21 cells expressing MRP1 after 96 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against hamster BHK21 cells expressing MRP1 after 96 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20691599]
Breast cancer cell line	EC₅₀	1.2 μM Compound: Verapamil	Concentration that reduces difference in reversal of [3H]VBL accumulation between MDA-435/LCC6 and MDA-435/LCC6-MDRI cells by 50% Concentration that reduces difference in reversal of [3H]VBL accumulation between MDA-435/LCC6 and MDA-435/LCC6-MDRI cells by 50%	[PMID: 11784143]
Breast cancer cell line	EC₅₀	2.4 μM Compound: Verapamil	Concentration that reduces the difference in reversal of DOX accumulation between MDA-435/LCC6 and MDA-435/LCC6-MDRI cells by 50%. Concentration that reduces the difference in reversal of DOX accumulation between MDA-435/LCC6 and MDA-435/LCC6-MDRI cells by 50%.	[PMID: 11784143]
CCRF-CEM	ED₅₀	0.35 μM Compound: Verapamil	Effective dose against CCRF-CEM vcr 100 cells by using MTT assay Effective dose against CCRF-CEM vcr 100 cells by using MTT assay	[PMID: 8941391]
CCRF-CEM	ED₅₀	0.54 μM Compound: Verapamil	Effective dose against CCRF-CEM vcr 100 cells by using rhodamine efflux studies. Effective dose against CCRF-CEM vcr 100 cells by using rhodamine efflux studies.	[PMID: 8941391]
CHO	IC₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: verapamil	Inhibition of Cav1.2 current measured using QPatch automatic path clamp system in CHO cells expressing Cav1.2, beta-2 and alpha-2/delta-1 subunits Inhibition of Cav1.2 current measured using QPatch automatic path clamp system in CHO cells expressing Cav1.2, beta-2 and alpha-2/delta-1 subunits	[PMID: 23812503]
CHO	IC₅₀	0.53 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of human ERG expressed in CHO cells at holding potential of -90 mV by patch clamp method Inhibition of human ERG expressed in CHO cells at holding potential of -90 mV by patch clamp method	[PMID: 28797771]
CHO	IC₅₀	0.56 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against CHO cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against CHO cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 30429978]
CHO	IC₅₀	23.5 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using 2-electrode voltage-clamp in Chinese hamster ovary cells heterologically expressing alpha-1C subunit Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using 2-electrode voltage-clamp in Chinese hamster ovary cells heterologically expressing alpha-1C subunit	[PMID: 22761000]
ECa-109 cell line	IC₅₀	679 nM Compound: VRP	Reversal of VCR -resistance in human Eca-109 cells assessed as vincristine IC50 by measuring cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 method (Rvb = 6830.0+/-537.0 nM) Reversal of VCR -resistance in human Eca-109 cells assessed as vincristine IC50 by measuring cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 method (Rvb = 6830.0+/-537.0 nM)	[PMID: 36892076]
ECa-109 cell line	IC₅₀	679 nM Compound: VRP	Reversal of VCR -resistance in human Eca-109 cells assessed as cell viability at 5 uM incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 method (Rvb = 6830.0+/-537.0 nM) Reversal of VCR -resistance in human Eca-109 cells assessed as cell viability at 5 uM incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 method (Rvb = 6830.0+/-537.0 nM)	[PMID: 36892076]
Flp-In-293	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against Flp-In-293 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against Flp-In-293 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 32569926]
Flp-In-293	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against Flp-In-293 cells expressing human ABCB1 assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against Flp-In-293 cells expressing human ABCB1 assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 32569926]
HEK293	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against human Flp-In-293 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against human Flp-In-293 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	[PMID: 27810590]
HEK293	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against human Flp-In-293 cells expressing MDR1 assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against human Flp-In-293 cells expressing MDR1 assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	[PMID: 27810590]
HEK293	IC₅₀	> 600 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of OATP1B1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells using estrone-3-sulfate substrate Inhibition of OATP1B1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells using estrone-3-sulfate substrate	[PMID: 22587986]
HEK293	IC₅₀	1.62 nM Compound: VPM	Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in HEK293 cells assessed as paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM pre-incubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb =1.93 +/- 0.06 nM) Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in HEK293 cells assessed as paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM pre-incubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb =1.93 +/- 0.06 nM)	[PMID: 33280384]
HEK293	IC₅₀	1.62 μM Compound: Verapamil	Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human HEK293/pcDNA3.1 cells assessed as reduction in paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 1.93 +/- 0.06 nM Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human HEK293/pcDNA3.1 cells assessed as reduction in paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 1.93 +/- 0.06 nM	[PMID: 34723530]
HEK293	IC₅₀	10.37 μM Compound: Verapamil	Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human HEK293/ABCB1 cells assessed as reduction in paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 91.40 +/- 23.32 nM) Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human HEK293/ABCB1 cells assessed as reduction in paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 91.40 +/- 23.32 nM)	[PMID: 34723530]
HEK293	IC₅₀	101.26 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29407947]
HEK293	IC₅₀	24 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using 2-electrode voltage-clamp in human embryonic kidney cells heterologically expressing alpha-1C subunit Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using 2-electrode voltage-clamp in human embryonic kidney cells heterologically expressing alpha-1C subunit	[PMID: 22761000]
HEK293	CC₅₀	280 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30108738]
HEK293	IC₅₀	32 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of OATP1B1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells using estradiol-17beta-glucuronide substrate Inhibition of OATP1B1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells using estradiol-17beta-glucuronide substrate	[PMID: 22587986]
HEK293	IC₅₀	41500 nM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of sodium current measured using whole-cell patch clamp experiments in HEK-293 cells stably transfected with hNaV1.5 cDNA Inhibition of sodium current measured using whole-cell patch clamp experiments in HEK-293 cells stably transfected with hNaV1.5 cDNA	[PMID: 21300721]
HEK293	IC₅₀	47 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using 2-electrode voltage-clamp in human embryonic kidney cells heterologically expressing alpha-1C subunit Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using 2-electrode voltage-clamp in human embryonic kidney cells heterologically expressing alpha-1C subunit	[PMID: 22761000]
HEK293	IC₅₀	50 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using 2-electrode voltage-clamp in human embryonic kidney cells heterologically expressing alpha-1C subunit Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using 2-electrode voltage-clamp in human embryonic kidney cells heterologically expressing alpha-1C subunit	[PMID: 22761000]
HEK293	IC₅₀	6.8 μM Compound: verapamil	Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells by confocal microscopy Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells by confocal microscopy	[PMID: 18788725]
HEK293	IC₅₀	64 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of OATP1B1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells using pitavastatin substrate Inhibition of OATP1B1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells using pitavastatin substrate	[PMID: 22587986]
HEK-293T	IC₅₀	32.04 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against human HEK293T cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HEK293T cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 36242992]
HeLa	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 32569926]
HeLa	IC₅₀	1.7 μM Compound: verapamil	Inhibition of P-glycoprotein 1 in human HeLa cells assessed as intracellular accumulation of Hoechst 33342 dye after 30 mins by fluorescence microscopic analysis Inhibition of P-glycoprotein 1 in human HeLa cells assessed as intracellular accumulation of Hoechst 33342 dye after 30 mins by fluorescence microscopic analysis	10.1039/C2MD20286G
HeLa S3	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against human HeLaS3 assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLaS3 assessed as reduction in cell viability by SRB assay	[PMID: 27810590]
HepG2	IC₅₀	138.42 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against adriamycin-resistant human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against adriamycin-resistant human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27328029]
HepG2	IC₅₀	65.2 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as number of live cells by measuring ATP metabolism incubated for 48 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as number of live cells by measuring ATP metabolism incubated for 48 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 36367749]
HL-60	EC₅₀	1.8 μg/mL Compound: Verapamil	Effective concentration against HL-60/ADR cells using MRP-mediated MDR assay using 2 nM vincristine which results in 50% of the cells being killed in the presence of particular cytotoxic drug. Effective concentration against HL-60/ADR cells using MRP-mediated MDR assay using 2 nM vincristine which results in 50% of the cells being killed in the presence of particular cytotoxic drug.	[PMID: 9526572]
K562	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33938746]
K562	IC₅₀	0.029 μM Compound: Verapamil	Modulatory activity at P-gp assessed as doxorubicin IC50 in human K562 cells at 3 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb doxorubicin alone IC50 = 0.023 +/- 0.004 uM) Modulatory activity at P-gp assessed as doxorubicin IC50 in human K562 cells at 3 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb doxorubicin alone IC50 = 0.023 +/- 0.004 uM)	[PMID: 25282263]
K562	IC₅₀	1.6 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of Pgp-mediated multidrug resistance in doxorubicin-resistant human K562 cells assessed as drug level required for 50% increase in nuclear concentration of pirarubicin by fluorescence assay Inhibition of Pgp-mediated multidrug resistance in doxorubicin-resistant human K562 cells assessed as drug level required for 50% increase in nuclear concentration of pirarubicin by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 21145739]
K562	IC₅₀	1.6 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of P-glycoprotein in human doxorubicin-resistant K562 cells assessed as half maximal increase of pirarubicin accumulation by spectrofluorometric analysis Inhibition of P-glycoprotein in human doxorubicin-resistant K562 cells assessed as half maximal increase of pirarubicin accumulation by spectrofluorometric analysis	[PMID: 23245571]
K562	IC₅₀	36.7 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28301155]
K562	IC₅₀	37 μM Compound: verapamil	Ability to potentiate DOX cytotoxicity on K562/DOX MDR cells. Cell survival was assayed by MTT conversion Ability to potentiate DOX cytotoxicity on K562/DOX MDR cells. Cell survival was assayed by MTT conversion	[PMID: 9986718]
K562	IC₅₀	65.28 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28645831]
K562	IC₅₀	65.28 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27073052]
K562	IC₅₀	68.27 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31202598]
K562	IC₅₀	68.92 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35247755]
K562	IC₅₀	82.2 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29631786]
K562/A02	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against P-gp overexpressing human K562/A02 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against P-gp overexpressing human K562/A02 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33938746]
K562/A02	IC₅₀	31.28 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human K562/A02 cells overexpressing P-gp after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562/A02 cells overexpressing P-gp after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28301155]
K562/A02	IC₅₀	39.86 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human K562/A02 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562/A02 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35247755]
K562/A02	IC₅₀	56.24 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human K562/A02 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562/A02 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28645831]
K562/A02	IC₅₀	56.24 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human K562/A02 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562/A02 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27073052]
K562/A02	IC₅₀	59.24 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human K562/A02 cells overexpressing P-gp assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562/A02 cells overexpressing P-gp assessed as cell growth inhibition after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31202598]
K562/A02	IC₅₀	67.2 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human K562/A02 cells overexpressing P-gp assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human K562/A02 cells overexpressing P-gp assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29631786]
K562/Adr	IC₅₀	0.74 μM Compound: Verapamil	Modulatory activity at P-gp assessed as doxorubicin IC50 in human K562/DOX cells at 3 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb doxorubicin alone IC50 = 2.00 +/- 0.24 uM) Modulatory activity at P-gp assessed as doxorubicin IC50 in human K562/DOX cells at 3 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb doxorubicin alone IC50 = 2.00 +/- 0.24 uM)	[PMID: 25282263]
K562/Adr	IC₅₀	1.6 μM Compound: Verapamil	Modulatory activity at P-gp in human K562/DOX cells assessed as increase in nuclear concentration of pirarubicin by spectrofluorometric assay Modulatory activity at P-gp in human K562/DOX cells assessed as increase in nuclear concentration of pirarubicin by spectrofluorometric assay	[PMID: 25282263]
K562/R7	IC₅₀	0.6 μM Compound: verapamil	Potentiation of doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity against doxorubicin-resistant human K562/R7 cells assessed as doxorubicin IC50 at 1 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay Potentiation of doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity against doxorubicin-resistant human K562/R7 cells assessed as doxorubicin IC50 at 1 uM after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25634041]
KB	IC₅₀	> 25 μg/mL Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against human vincristine-sensitive KB cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human vincristine-sensitive KB cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 26717050]
KB	IC₅₀	19.6 μM Compound: VRM (verapamil)	Inhibitory activity against KB cell line after 72 h of drug exposure Inhibitory activity against KB cell line after 72 h of drug exposure	[PMID: 15481991]
KB 3-1	IC₅₀	0.0047 μM Compound: verapamil	Reversal of P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance to Cytotoxicity of colchicine against human KB-3-1 cells at 5 uM after 68 hrs by MTT assay Reversal of P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance to Cytotoxicity of colchicine against human KB-3-1 cells at 5 uM after 68 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 17488128]
KB 3-1	IC₅₀	20.5 μg/mL Compound: verapamil	Cytotoxicity against human KB31 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against human KB31 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 10217732]
KB 3-1	IC₅₀	3.84 nM Compound: VPM	Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human KB 3-1 cells assessed as paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM pre-incubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 4.54 +/- 1.59 nM) Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human KB 3-1 cells assessed as paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM pre-incubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 4.54 +/- 1.59 nM)	[PMID: 33280384]
KB 3-1	IC₅₀	3.84 μM Compound: Verapamil	Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human KB 3-1 cells assessed as reduction in paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 4.54 +/- 1.59 nM) Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human KB 3-1 cells assessed as reduction in paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 4.54 +/- 1.59 nM)	[PMID: 34723530]
KB 3-1	IC₅₀	45.2 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human KB31 cells after 48 hrs by SRB method Cytotoxicity against human KB31 cells after 48 hrs by SRB method	[PMID: 10346948]
KB 3-1	IC₅₀	51.7 μM Compound: VRM (verapamil)	Inhibitory activity against KB/MDR cell line after 72 hr of drug exposure Inhibitory activity against KB/MDR cell line after 72 hr of drug exposure	[PMID: 15481991]
KB/VJ300	IC₅₀	> 10 μM Compound: Verapamil	Growth inhibition of human KB/VJ300 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Growth inhibition of human KB/VJ300 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 26918761]
KB/VJ300	IC₅₀	> 25 μg/mL Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against human KB/VJ300 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human KB/VJ300 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 26717050]
KB/VJ300	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: Verapamil	Growth inhibition of human KB/VJ300 cells after 72 hrs in presence of 0.1 uM of vincristine by MTT assay Growth inhibition of human KB/VJ300 cells after 72 hrs in presence of 0.1 uM of vincristine by MTT assay	[PMID: 29746134]
KB/VJ300	IC₅₀	0.4 μM Compound: Verapamil	Antiproliferative activity against human vincristine-rsistant KB/VJ300 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human vincristine-rsistant KB/VJ300 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31642315]
KB/VJ300	IC₅₀	0.8 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against human KB/VJ300 cells after 72 hrs in presence of vincristine by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human KB/VJ300 cells after 72 hrs in presence of vincristine by MTT assay	[PMID: 30869890]
KB/VJ300	IC₅₀	10.3 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against human KB/VJ300 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 0.121 uM vincristine Cytotoxicity against human KB/VJ300 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay in presence of 0.121 uM vincristine	[PMID: 26717050]
KB/VJ300	IC₅₀	4.6 μM Compound: Verapamil	Growth inhibition of human KB/VJ300 cells after 72 hrs in presence of vincristine by MTT assay Growth inhibition of human KB/VJ300 cells after 72 hrs in presence of vincristine by MTT assay	[PMID: 26918761]
KB-C2	IC₅₀	7.05 μM Compound: Verapamil	Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human KB-C2 cells assessed as reduction in paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 1886.37 +/- 243.05 nM) Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human KB-C2 cells assessed as reduction in paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 1886.37 +/- 243.05 nM)	[PMID: 34723530]
KB-V1	IC₅₀	0.69 μg/mL Compound: verapamil	Cytotoxicity against human KBV1 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of vinblastine Cytotoxicity against human KBV1 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of vinblastine	[PMID: 10217732]
KB-V1	IC₅₀	1.6 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against vinblastine resistant human KBV1 cells after 48 hrs in presence of 100 nM vinblastine by SRB method Cytotoxicity against vinblastine resistant human KBV1 cells after 48 hrs in presence of 100 nM vinblastine by SRB method	[PMID: 10346948]
KB-V1	IC₅₀	15.3 μg/mL Compound: verapamil	Cytotoxicity against human KBV1 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against human KBV1 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 10217732]
KB-V1	IC₅₀	39.2 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against vinblastine resistant human KBV1 cells after 48 hrs by SRB method Cytotoxicity against vinblastine resistant human KBV1 cells after 48 hrs by SRB method	[PMID: 10346948]
L5178Y	IC₅₀	> 100 nM Compound: VER	Cytotoxicity against mouse L5178Y cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L5178Y cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay	[PMID: 32871268]
L5178Y	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: VP	Cytotoxicity against mouse L5178Y cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L5178Y cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27156771]
L5178Y	IC₅₀	47.85 nM Compound: VER	Cytotoxicity against multidrug resistance mouse L5178Y cells expressing human MDR1 assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against multidrug resistance mouse L5178Y cells expressing human MDR1 assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay	[PMID: 32871268]
L5178Y	IC₅₀	47.85 μM Compound: VP	Cytotoxicity against multi-drug resistant mouse L5178Y cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against multi-drug resistant mouse L5178Y cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27156771]
L929	IC₅₀	8 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of Kv1.3 expressed in mouse L929 cells exposed to depolarizing step pulses from -80 mV to +40 mV by whole cell patch clamp method Inhibition of Kv1.3 expressed in mouse L929 cells exposed to depolarizing step pulses from -80 mV to +40 mV by whole cell patch clamp method	[PMID: 23084278]
L929	IC₅₀	88 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells assessed as reduction in cell survival after 5 days by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells assessed as reduction in cell survival after 5 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 30351934]
L929	IC₅₀	89 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells measured after 3 days by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells measured after 3 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 27750197]
L929	IC₅₀	89 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells assessed as cell survival after 3 days by MTS/PMS assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells assessed as cell survival after 3 days by MTS/PMS assay	[PMID: 26233798]
L929	IC₅₀	89.2 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells after 3 days by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells after 3 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 25985195]
L929	IC₅₀	89.2 μM Compound: verapamil	Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 3 days by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 3 days by MTS assay	[PMID: 24171478]
L929	IC₅₀	89.2 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 34597896]
L929	IC₅₀	89.2 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells after 72 hrs Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells after 72 hrs	[PMID: 22320402]
LLC-PK1	IC₅₀	10 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, mouse L-mdr1a expressed in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells using calcein-AM polarisation assay Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, mouse L-mdr1a expressed in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells using calcein-AM polarisation assay	[PMID: 12699389]
LLC-PK1	IC₅₀	2 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, mouse L-mdr1b expressed in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells using calcein-AM polarisation assay Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, mouse L-mdr1b expressed in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells using calcein-AM polarisation assay	[PMID: 12699389]
LLC-PK1	IC₅₀	6.3 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, human L-MDR1 expressed in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells using calcein-AM polarisation assay Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, human L-MDR1 expressed in LLC-PK1 epithelial cells using calcein-AM polarisation assay	[PMID: 12699389]
Macrophage cell line	CC₅₀	116.6 μM Compound: VP	Cytotoxicity in human monocyte-derived macrophages assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 3 days by alamar blue dye based assay Cytotoxicity in human monocyte-derived macrophages assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 3 days by alamar blue dye based assay	[PMID: 28964936]
MCF7	EC₅₀	1 μg/mL Compound: Verapamil	Effective concentration against MCF-7/ADR cells using P-gp-mediated MDR assay using 25 nM actinomycin D which results in 50% of the cells being killed in the presence of particular cytotoxic drug. Effective concentration against MCF-7/ADR cells using P-gp-mediated MDR assay using 25 nM actinomycin D which results in 50% of the cells being killed in the presence of particular cytotoxic drug.	[PMID: 9526572]
MCF7	IC₅₀	1.5 μM Compound: Verapamil	Potentiation of adriamycin-induced cytotoxicity in human MCF7 cells assessed as adriamycin IC50 at 10 ug/ml after 48 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 1.3 +/- 0.2 uM) Potentiation of adriamycin-induced cytotoxicity in human MCF7 cells assessed as adriamycin IC50 at 10 ug/ml after 48 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 1.3 +/- 0.2 uM)	[PMID: 30137985]
MCF7	IC₅₀	48.91 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29407947]
MCF7	IC₅₀	87.83 μM Compound: Verapamil	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 36242992]
MDA-MB-435	IC₅₀	0.25 nM Compound: Verapamil	Reversal of vinblastine resistance in multidrug resistant MDA435/LCC6 cells by MTS assay Reversal of vinblastine resistance in multidrug resistant MDA435/LCC6 cells by MTS assay	[PMID: 17154505]
MDA-MB-435	EC₅₀	0.7 μM Compound: Verapamil	Reversal of paclitaxel resistance in multidrug resistant MDA435/LCC6 cells by MTS assay Reversal of paclitaxel resistance in multidrug resistant MDA435/LCC6 cells by MTS assay	[PMID: 17154505]
MDA-MB-435	IC₅₀	5.2 nM Compound: Verapamil	Reversal of paclitaxel resistance in multidrug resistant MDA435/LCC6 cells by MTS assay Reversal of paclitaxel resistance in multidrug resistant MDA435/LCC6 cells by MTS assay	[PMID: 17154505]
MDCK	IC₅₀	0.5 μM Compound: Ver	Inhibition of human MDR1 expressed in MDCK cells assessed as calcein AM accumulation after 30 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of human MDR1 expressed in MDCK cells assessed as calcein AM accumulation after 30 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 22112208]
MDCK	EC₅₀	0.9 μM Compound: Ver	Inhibition of BCRP (unknown origin) expressed in MDCK cells assessed as increase in Hoechst 33342 accumulation incubated for 30 mins by Hoechst 33342 dye based fluorescence assay Inhibition of BCRP (unknown origin) expressed in MDCK cells assessed as increase in Hoechst 33342 accumulation incubated for 30 mins by Hoechst 33342 dye based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 31494468]
MDCK	IC₅₀	1.3 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of MDR1 (unknown origin) expressed in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in calcein-AM efflux preincubated for 30 mins followed by calcein-AM addition measured after 30 mins by spectrofluorimetric method Inhibition of MDR1 (unknown origin) expressed in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in calcein-AM efflux preincubated for 30 mins followed by calcein-AM addition measured after 30 mins by spectrofluorimetric method	[PMID: 30384046]
MDCK	EC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (unknown origin) expressed in MDCK cells assessed as reduction of calcein-AM transport after 30 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (unknown origin) expressed in MDCK cells assessed as reduction of calcein-AM transport after 30 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 24607999]
MDCK	IC₅₀	3.5 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of MRP1 (unknown origin) expressed in MDCK cells after 30 mins by Calcein-AM assay Inhibition of MRP1 (unknown origin) expressed in MDCK cells after 30 mins by Calcein-AM assay	[PMID: 25093931]
MDCK	IC₅₀	4.5 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of MRP1 (unknown origin) expressed in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in calcein-AM efflux preincubated for 30 mins followed by calcein-AM addition measured after 30 mins by spectrofluorimetric method Inhibition of MRP1 (unknown origin) expressed in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in calcein-AM efflux preincubated for 30 mins followed by calcein-AM addition measured after 30 mins by spectrofluorimetric method	[PMID: 30384046]
MDCK	IC₅₀	6.8 μM Compound: Ver	Inhibition of MRP1 expressed in MDCK cells assessed as calcein AM accumulation after 30 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of MRP1 expressed in MDCK cells assessed as calcein AM accumulation after 30 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 22112208]
MDCK	EC₅₀	6.8 μM Compound: Ver	Inhibition of MRP1 (unknown origin) expressed in MDCK cells assessed as increase in calcein-AM accumulation incubated for 30 mins by calcein-AM dye based fluorescence assay Inhibition of MRP1 (unknown origin) expressed in MDCK cells assessed as increase in calcein-AM accumulation incubated for 30 mins by calcein-AM dye based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 31494468]
MDCK	IC₅₀	9.8 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of MDR1 expressed in MDCK cells using rhodamine 123 staining by flow cytometry Inhibition of MDR1 expressed in MDCK cells using rhodamine 123 staining by flow cytometry	[PMID: 21354800]
MDCK-II	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against MDCK-II cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against MDCK-II cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33938746]
MDCK-II	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against BCRP-overexpressing MDCK-II cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against BCRP-overexpressing MDCK-II cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33938746]
MDCK-II	IC₅₀	14 μM Compound: VER	Inhibition of human MDR1 expressed in MDCK2 cells assessed as enhancement of Calcein-AM uptake treated 30 mins before Calcein-AM challenge measured after 20 mins Inhibition of human MDR1 expressed in MDCK2 cells assessed as enhancement of Calcein-AM uptake treated 30 mins before Calcein-AM challenge measured after 20 mins	[PMID: 19402665]
MDCK-II	EC₅₀	5.1 μM Compound: VER	Enhancement of calcein-AM uptake in MDCK2 cells over expressing MDR1 after 20 mins Enhancement of calcein-AM uptake in MDCK2 cells over expressing MDR1 after 20 mins	[PMID: 18849167]
MDCK-MDR1	EC₅₀	0.5 μM Compound: Ver	Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (unknown origin) in MDCK-MDR1 assessed as inhibtion of calcein-AM transport incubated for 30 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (unknown origin) in MDCK-MDR1 assessed as inhibtion of calcein-AM transport incubated for 30 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 30947123]
MDCK-MDR1	EC₅₀	0.5 μM Compound: Ver	Inhibition of P-gp (unknown origin) expressed in MDCK-MDR1 cells assessed as increase in calcein-AM accumulation incubated for 30 mins by calcein-AM dye based fluorescence assay Inhibition of P-gp (unknown origin) expressed in MDCK-MDR1 cells assessed as increase in calcein-AM accumulation incubated for 30 mins by calcein-AM dye based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 31494468]
MDCK-MDR1	EC₅₀	6.8 μM Compound: Ver	Inhibition of MRP1 (unknown origin) in MDCK-MDR1 assessed as inhibtion of calcein-AM transport incubated for 30 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of MRP1 (unknown origin) in MDCK-MDR1 assessed as inhibtion of calcein-AM transport incubated for 30 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 30947123]
MES-SA	EC₅₀	37.3 μM Compound: Verapamil	Modulation of BCRP1 mediated drug efflux in mitoxantrone-resistant human MES-SA cells assessed as accumulation of hoechst 33342 incubated for 15 mins prior to rhodamine-123 addition measured after 90 mins by fluorescence analysis Modulation of BCRP1 mediated drug efflux in mitoxantrone-resistant human MES-SA cells assessed as accumulation of hoechst 33342 incubated for 15 mins prior to rhodamine-123 addition measured after 90 mins by fluorescence analysis	[PMID: 25311564]
MES-SA	EC₅₀	7.1 μM Compound: Verapamil	Modulation of P-gp mediated drug efflux in human MES-SA cells assessed as accumulation of rhodamine-123 incubated for 15 mins prior to rhodamine-123 addition measured after 1 hr by fluorescence analysis Modulation of P-gp mediated drug efflux in human MES-SA cells assessed as accumulation of rhodamine-123 incubated for 15 mins prior to rhodamine-123 addition measured after 1 hr by fluorescence analysis	[PMID: 25311564]
NCI/ADR-RES	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Verapamil	Antiproliferative activity against human multidrug resistant NCI-ADR-RES cells overexpressing P-gp assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human multidrug resistant NCI-ADR-RES cells overexpressing P-gp assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 36242992]
NCI/ADR-RES	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7/ADR cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7/ADR cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 19523827]
NCI/ADR-RES	IC₅₀	> 150 μM Compound: VRP	Intrinsic cytotoxicity against human MCF7/ADR cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay Intrinsic cytotoxicity against human MCF7/ADR cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27328029]
NCI/ADR-RES	IC₅₀	2.24 μM Compound: Verapamil	Reversal of P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in human NCI-ADR-RES cells assessed as potentiation of doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity by measuring doxorubicin IC50 at 10 uM incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Reversal of P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in human NCI-ADR-RES cells assessed as potentiation of doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity by measuring doxorubicin IC50 at 10 uM incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 36242992]
NCI/ADR-RES	IC₅₀	2.25 μM Compound: VRP	Potentiation of adriamycin-induced antiproliferative activity against human MCF7/ADR cells assessed as adriamycin IC50 at 5 uM measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 89.14 +/- 4.89 uM) Potentiation of adriamycin-induced antiproliferative activity against human MCF7/ADR cells assessed as adriamycin IC50 at 5 uM measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 89.14 +/- 4.89 uM)	[PMID: 30837097]
NCI/ADR-RES	IC₅₀	2.83 μM Compound: VRP	Reversal of multidrug resistant activity in human MCF7/ADR cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Reversal of multidrug resistant activity in human MCF7/ADR cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35339100]
NCI/ADR-RES	EC₅₀	321.83 nM Compound: Verapamil	Reversal of P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in human NCI-ADR-RES cells assessed as potentiation of doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Reversal of P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in human NCI-ADR-RES cells assessed as potentiation of doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 36242992]
NCI/ADR-RES	EC₅₀	4.89 μM Compound: VRP	Inhibition of P-gp in human MCF7/ADR cells assessed as reversal of multidrug resistance at 10 uM by measuring EC50 for adriamycin-induced cytotoxicity after 48 hrs by SRB colorimetric assay Inhibition of P-gp in human MCF7/ADR cells assessed as reversal of multidrug resistance at 10 uM by measuring EC50 for adriamycin-induced cytotoxicity after 48 hrs by SRB colorimetric assay	[PMID: 25856545]
NCI/ADR-RES	IC₅₀	78.08 μM Compound: VRP	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7/ADR cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7/ADR cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29407947]
NCI-H292	IC₅₀	0.18 μM Compound: Verapamil	Potentiation of gefitinib-induced cytotoxicity against human NCI-H292 cells assessed as gefitinib IC50 at 50 uM after 72 hrs by SRB assay Potentiation of gefitinib-induced cytotoxicity against human NCI-H292 cells assessed as gefitinib IC50 at 50 uM after 72 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 25215856]
NCI-H292	IC₅₀	1.2 μM Compound: Verapamil	Potentiation of erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity against human NCI-H292 cells assessed as erlotinib IC50 at 50 uM after 72 hrs by SRB assay Potentiation of erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity against human NCI-H292 cells assessed as erlotinib IC50 at 50 uM after 72 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 25215856]
NCI-H460	IC₅₀	10.3 μM Compound: Verapamil	Potentiation of erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity against human H460 cells assessed as erlotinib IC50 at 50 uM after 72 hrs by SRB assay Potentiation of erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity against human H460 cells assessed as erlotinib IC50 at 50 uM after 72 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 25215856]
NCI-H460	IC₅₀	19.6 μM Compound: Verapamil	Potentiation of gefitinib-induced cytotoxicity against human H460 cells assessed as gefitinib IC50 at 50 uM after 72 hrs by SRB assay Potentiation of gefitinib-induced cytotoxicity against human H460 cells assessed as gefitinib IC50 at 50 uM after 72 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 25215856]
NCI-H69	EC₅₀	27.8 μM Compound: Verapamil	Modulation of MRP1 mediated drug efflux in doxorubicin-resistant human H69 cells assessed as accumulation of calcein AM incubated for 15 mins prior to calcein AM addition measured after 30 mins by fluorescence analysis Modulation of MRP1 mediated drug efflux in doxorubicin-resistant human H69 cells assessed as accumulation of calcein AM incubated for 15 mins prior to calcein AM addition measured after 30 mins by fluorescence analysis	[PMID: 25311564]
NIH3T3	CC₅₀	> 60 μM Compound: VRP	Intrinsic cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells transfected with human MDR1 by MTT assay Intrinsic cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells transfected with human MDR1 by MTT assay	[PMID: 26836364]
NIH3T3	CC₅₀	27 μM Compound: VRP	Intrinsic cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells by MTT assay Intrinsic cytotoxicity against mouse NIH/3T3 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 26836364]
Oocyte	IC₅₀	30 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum Dd2 CRT expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as reduction in [3H]-chloroquine uptake after 1.5 to 2 hrs Inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum Dd2 CRT expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as reduction in [3H]-chloroquine uptake after 1.5 to 2 hrs	[PMID: 23145816]
Oocyte	IC₅₀	30 μM Compound: 2	Inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum D10 CRT expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as [3H]-chloroquine uptake after 1 to 2 hrs Inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum D10 CRT expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes assessed as [3H]-chloroquine uptake after 1 to 2 hrs	[PMID: 21396749]
P388	IC₅₀	3.1 μM Compound: Verapamil	Multidrug-resistant reversal activity using P388/VMDRC.04 cells (a subline of P388 murine leukemia cells expressing human recombinant human P-glycoprotein) in the presence of 10 nM vincristine Multidrug-resistant reversal activity using P388/VMDRC.04 cells (a subline of P388 murine leukemia cells expressing human recombinant human P-glycoprotein) in the presence of 10 nM vincristine	[PMID: 10386932]
P388	IC₅₀	53 μM Compound: Verapamil	Evaluated for cytotoxicity using P388/VMDRC.04 cells (a subline of P388 murine leukemia cells expressing human recombinant human P-glycoprotein) in the absence of 10 nM vincristine Evaluated for cytotoxicity using P388/VMDRC.04 cells (a subline of P388 murine leukemia cells expressing human recombinant human P-glycoprotein) in the absence of 10 nM vincristine	[PMID: 10386932]
PBMC	IC₅₀	116.6 μM Compound: VP	Cytotoxicity against human PBMC assessed as cell viability after 3 days by AlamarBlue assay Cytotoxicity against human PBMC assessed as cell viability after 3 days by AlamarBlue assay	[PMID: 26197353]
Splenocyte	IC₅₀	55 μM Compound: Verapamil	Cytotoxicity against C57BL/6J mouse splenocytes after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay Cytotoxicity against C57BL/6J mouse splenocytes after 72 hrs by alamar blue assay	[PMID: 17846138]
SW-620	IC₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: Verapamil	Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human SW-620/AD300 cells assessed as reduction in paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 4.23 +/- 0.50 uM) Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human SW-620/AD300 cells assessed as reduction in paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 4.23 +/- 0.50 uM)	[PMID: 34723530]
SW-620	IC₅₀	7.11 μM Compound: Verapamil	Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human SW-620 cells assessed as reduction in paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 7.69 +/- 2.78 nM) Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human SW-620 cells assessed as reduction in paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM preincubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 7.69 +/- 2.78 nM)	[PMID: 34723530]
SW-620	IC₅₀	7.11 μM Compound: VPM	Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity against human SW620 cells by measuring paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM pre-incubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 7.69 +/- 2.78 nM) Reversal of resistance to paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity against human SW620 cells by measuring paclitaxel IC50 at 4 uM pre-incubated for 4 hrs followed by paclitaxel addition and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 7.69 +/- 2.78 nM)	[PMID: 33280384]
SW620/AD300	IC₅₀	> 30 μM Compound: Verapamil	Antiproliferative activity against human SW620/AD300 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human SW620/AD300 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 31975579]
SW620/AD300	IC₅₀	0.81 μM Compound: Verapamil	Reversal of P-gp mediated multidrug resistance in human SW620/AD300 cells assessed as potentiation of doxorubicin-induced antiproliferative activity by measuring doxorubicin IC50 at 2.5 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 4.9 microM) Reversal of P-gp mediated multidrug resistance in human SW620/AD300 cells assessed as potentiation of doxorubicin-induced antiproliferative activity by measuring doxorubicin IC50 at 2.5 uM after 48 hrs by MTT assay (Rvb = 4.9 microM)	[PMID: 31975579]
SW620/AD300	IC₅₀	2.98 μM Compound: VRP	Reversal of Pgp-mediated DOX resistance in human SW620/AD300 cells assessed as potentiation of DOX-induced cytotoxicity by measuring DOX IC50 at 1 uM incubated for 48 hrs by SRB assay (Rvb = 33.39 +/- 7.08 uM) Reversal of Pgp-mediated DOX resistance in human SW620/AD300 cells assessed as potentiation of DOX-induced cytotoxicity by measuring DOX IC50 at 1 uM incubated for 48 hrs by SRB assay (Rvb = 33.39 +/- 7.08 uM)	[PMID: 32329342]
THP-1	IC₅₀	19.1 μM Compound: VER	Antileishmanial activity against wild-type Leishmania amazonensis MHOM/BR/1973/MM2269 promastigotes infected in human THP1 cells by luciferase based assay Antileishmanial activity against wild-type Leishmania amazonensis MHOM/BR/1973/MM2269 promastigotes infected in human THP1 cells by luciferase based assay	[PMID: 17452480]
THP-1	IC₅₀	40.3 μM Compound: VER	Antileishmanial activity against wild-type Leishmania major LV39 promastigotes infected in human THP1 cells by luciferase based assay Antileishmanial activity against wild-type Leishmania major LV39 promastigotes infected in human THP1 cells by luciferase based assay	[PMID: 17452480]
THP-1	IC₅₀	43.2 μM Compound: VER	Antileishmanial activity against wild-type Leishmania infantum MHOM/MA/67/ITMAP-263 promastigotes infected in human THP1 cells by luciferase based assay Antileishmanial activity against wild-type Leishmania infantum MHOM/MA/67/ITMAP-263 promastigotes infected in human THP1 cells by luciferase based assay	[PMID: 17452480]
Ventricular myocyte	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using whole-cell patch clamp in guinea pig ventricular myocytes Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using whole-cell patch clamp in guinea pig ventricular myocytes	[PMID: 22761000]
Ventricular myocyte	IC₅₀	0.164 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using whole-cell patch clamp in guinea pig ventricular myocytes Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using whole-cell patch clamp in guinea pig ventricular myocytes	[PMID: 22761000]
Ventricular myocyte	IC₅₀	0.6 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using whole-cell patch clamp in guinea pig ventricular myocytes Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using whole-cell patch clamp in guinea pig ventricular myocytes	[PMID: 22761000]
Ventricular myocyte	IC₅₀	0.79 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using whole-cell patch clamp in guinea pig ventricular myocytes Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using whole-cell patch clamp in guinea pig ventricular myocytes	[PMID: 22761000]
Ventricular myocyte	IC₅₀	0.94 μM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using whole-cell patch clamp in guinea pig ventricular myocytes Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using whole-cell patch clamp in guinea pig ventricular myocytes	[PMID: 22761000]
Ventricular myocyte	IC₅₀	100 nM Compound: Verapamil	Inhibition of calcium current (ICaL) measured using whole-cell patch clamp experiments in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes Inhibition of calcium current (ICaL) measured using whole-cell patch clamp experiments in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes	[PMID: 21300721]
Vero	IC₅₀	57.3 μg/mL Compound: verapamil	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay	[PMID: 25238443]

In Vitro

The EverFluor FL Verapamil (EFV) uptake by TR-iBRB2 cells is inhibited by cationic drugs, and inhibits by verapamil in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ of 98.0 μM^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Given orally Verapamil is useful for the prophylaxis of atrioventricular reentry tachycardia, and also in modulating the atrioventricular nodal response in atrial fibrillation^[2].
Verapamil is injected i.v. into a femoral vein prior to ischemia. Verapamil (1 mg/kg) significantly decreases the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias including premature ventricular contractions (PVC), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) for 45-min coronary artery occlusion. Total arrhythmia scores are significantly increased when the heart is subjected to ischemia. Verapamil (1 mg/kg) significantly prevents the enhancement of total arrhythmia scores induced by ischemia^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

Molecular Weight

454.60

Formula

C₂₇H₃₈N₂O₄

CAS No.

52-53-9

Appearance

Oil

Color

Colorless to light yellow

SMILES

COC1=CC=C(C(C#N)(C(C)C)CCCN(CCC2=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C2)C)C=C1OC

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (219.97 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	2.1997 mL	10.9987 mL	21.9974 mL
5 mM	0.4399 mL	2.1997 mL	4.3995 mL
10 mM	0.2200 mL	1.0999 mL	2.1997 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.50 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.50 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.50 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.

If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.96%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (275 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (248 KB) HNMR (281 KB) LCMS (256 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Gowarty JL, et al. Verapamil as a culprit of palbociclib toxicity. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2019 Apr;25(3):743-746. [Content Brief]

[2]. Krikler DM. Verapamil in arrhythmia. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1986;21 Suppl 2:183S-189S. [Content Brief]

[3]. Rehnqvist N,et al. Effects of metoprolol vs verapamil in patients with stable angina pectoris. The Angina Prognosis Study in Stockholm (APSIS). Eur Heart J. 1996 Jan;17(1):76-81. [Content Brief]

[4]. Kubo Y, et al. Blood-to-Retina Transport of Fluorescence-Labeled Verapamil at the Blood-Retinal Barrier. Pharm Res. 2018 Mar 12;35(5):93. [Content Brief]

[5]. Zhou P, et al. Anti-arrhythmic effect of Verapamil is accompanied by preservation of cx43 protein in rat heart. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 12;8(8):e71567. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

DMSO	1 mM	2.1997 mL	10.9987 mL	21.9974 mL	54.9934 mL
	5 mM	0.4399 mL	2.1997 mL	4.3995 mL	10.9987 mL
	10 mM	0.2200 mL	1.0999 mL	2.1997 mL	5.4993 mL
	15 mM	0.1466 mL	0.7332 mL	1.4665 mL	3.6662 mL
	20 mM	0.1100 mL	0.5499 mL	1.0999 mL	2.7497 mL
	25 mM	0.0880 mL	0.4399 mL	0.8799 mL	2.1997 mL
	30 mM	0.0733 mL	0.3666 mL	0.7332 mL	1.8331 mL
	40 mM	0.0550 mL	0.2750 mL	0.5499 mL	1.3748 mL
	50 mM	0.0440 mL	0.2200 mL	0.4399 mL	1.0999 mL
	60 mM	0.0367 mL	0.1833 mL	0.3666 mL	0.9166 mL
	80 mM	0.0275 mL	0.1375 mL	0.2750 mL	0.6874 mL
	100 mM	0.0220 mL	0.1100 mL	0.2200 mL	0.5499 mL

Verapamil Related Classifications

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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Verapamil (Synonyms: (±)-Verapamil; CP-16533-1)

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Verapamil (Synonyms: (±)-Verapamil; CP-16533-1)

Customer Review

Other Forms of Verapamil:

Verapamil Related Antibodies

57 Publications Citing Use of MCE Verapamil

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•Related Screening Libraries:

•Related Small Molecules:

•Related Proteins:

View All Calcium Channel Isoform Specific Products:

View All Cytochrome P450 Isoform Specific Products:

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