2. JAK/STAT Signaling Epigenetics Stem Cell/Wnt NF-κB Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Immunology/Inflammation Apoptosis Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK
  3. JAK NF-κB Reactive Oxygen Species Apoptosis VEGFR c-Myc
  4. Mollugin

Mollugin is an orally active and potent NF-κB inhibitor. Mollugin induces S-phase arrest of HepG2 cells, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Mollugin induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, as well as an increase in the expression of p-H2AX. Mollugin shows anti-cancer effect by inhibiting TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Mollugin enhances the osteogenic action of BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2) via the p38-Smad signaling pathway.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Mollugin Chemical Structure

Mollugin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 55481-88-4

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Customer Review

Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Mollugin:

Mollugin Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

1 Publications Citing Use of MCE Mollugin

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JAK1 JAK2 JAK3 Tyk2 JAK

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NF-κB NF-κB1/p50 RelA/p65 RelB c-Rel

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VEGFR1/Flt-1 VEGFR2/KDR/Flk-1 VEGFR3/Flt-4

  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Mollugin is an orally active and potent NF-κB inhibitor. Mollugin induces S-phase arrest of HepG2 cells, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Mollugin induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, as well as an increase in the expression of p-H2AX. Mollugin shows anti-cancer effect by inhibiting TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Mollugin enhances the osteogenic action of BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2) via the p38-Smad signaling pathway[1][2][3].

In Vitro

Mollugin (0-80 μM, 24 h) inhibits the expression of an NF-κB reporter gene induced by TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner[1].
Mollugin (0-80 μM, 12 h) inhibits the proliferation of HeLa cells[1].
Mollugin (0-80 μM, 12 h) inhibits TNF-α-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65, phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and IKK phosphorylation, and inhibits the TNF-α-induced mRNA expression of Cyclin D1, c-Myc, and VEGF[1].
Mollugin (0-80 μM, 12 h) enhances TNF-α-induced apoptosis[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Mollugin Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[1]

Cell Line: HeLa, Hep3B, and HEK293 cells
Concentration: 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Significantly inhibited NF-κB reporter gene expression in a dose-dependent manner, did not display significant cellular toxicity in HeLa, Hep3B, and HEK293 cells.

Cell Proliferation Assay[1]

Cell Line: HeLa cells
Concentration: 0, 20, 40, and 80 μM
Incubation Time: 12 h
Result: Inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells.

Apoptosis Analysis[1]

Cell Line: HeLa cells
Concentration: 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μM
Incubation Time: 12 h
Result: Slightly affected the caspase-3 activation, potentiated the effect of TNF-α-induced PARP cleavage, and enhanced the apoptotic effects of TNF-α.

Western Blot Analysis[1]

Cell Line: HeLa cells
Concentration: 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μM
Incubation Time: 12 h
Result: Significantly inhibited the TNF-α-induced p65 phosphorylation and block TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation of p65 in a dose-dependent manner, completely inhibited degradation of IκBα at 80 μM, and abolished the TNF-α-induced IKK phosphorylation at 80 μM. Inhibited the TNF-α-induced mRNA expression of Cyclin D1, c-Myc, and VEGF at 80 μM.
In Vivo

Mollugin (0-75 mg/kg, Orally, three times per week for 36 days) inhibits growth of HeLa cells in a xenograft tumor model[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: BALB/c female athymic nude mice (six-week-old, subcutaneously injected with 0.2 mL HeLa cells)[1]
Dosage: 0, 25 and 75 mg/kg
Administration: Orally, three times per week for 36 days
Result: Suppressed tumor growth, whereas the body weight did not change. Significantly reduced the protein expression of p-p65 and COX-2 in the tumors.
Molecular Weight

284.31

Formula

C17H16O4
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Light yellow to yellow

SMILES

O=C(C1=C(C=CC(C)(C)O2)C2=C3C=CC=CC3=C1O)OC
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 33.33 mg/mL (117.23 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.5173 mL 17.5864 mL 35.1729 mL
5 mM 0.7035 mL 3.5173 mL 7.0346 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.79 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.79 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.48%

COA (255 KB) HNMR (253 KB) LCMS (101 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 3.5173 mL 17.5864 mL 35.1729 mL 87.9322 mL
5 mM 0.7035 mL 3.5173 mL 7.0346 mL 17.5864 mL
10 mM 0.3517 mL 1.7586 mL 3.5173 mL 8.7932 mL
15 mM 0.2345 mL 1.1724 mL 2.3449 mL 5.8621 mL
20 mM 0.1759 mL 0.8793 mL 1.7586 mL 4.3966 mL
25 mM 0.1407 mL 0.7035 mL 1.4069 mL 3.5173 mL
30 mM 0.1172 mL 0.5862 mL 1.1724 mL 2.9311 mL
40 mM 0.0879 mL 0.4397 mL 0.8793 mL 2.1983 mL
50 mM 0.0703 mL 0.3517 mL 0.7035 mL 1.7586 mL
60 mM 0.0586 mL 0.2931 mL 0.5862 mL 1.4655 mL
80 mM 0.0440 mL 0.2198 mL 0.4397 mL 1.0992 mL
100 mM 0.0352 mL 0.1759 mL 0.3517 mL 0.8793 mL
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Mollugin Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Mollugin55481-88-4JAKNF-κBReactive Oxygen SpeciesApoptosisVEGFRc-MycJanus kinaseNuclear factor-κBNuclear factor-kappaBVascular endothelial growth factor receptorMycHepG2 cellsHeLaHep3BHEK293anti-hepatocellularROSLiver cancerDNA damageantitumorH22-tumorInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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