Propionyl-L-carnitine 

Propionyl-L-carnitine is an orally active L-carnitine derivative. Propionyl-L-carnitine has a high affinity for muscle L-carnitine transferase. Propionyl-L-carnitine increases Apoptosis, Bax, and reduces NF-κB, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and survivin. Propionyl-L-carnitine activates Src kinase, Akt, induces p-AMPK and nitric oxide synthesis. Propionyl-L-carnitine alleviates cardiovascular disease, obesity, and colitis^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]}.

IC50: muscular carnitine transferase^[1]

Propionyl-L-carnitine (0-100 μM; 0-8 h) induces eNOS activation and nitric oxide synthesis in endothelial cells HAEC via PI3 and Akt kinases^[2].
Propionyl-L-carnitine (100 μM; 6-24 h) induces IκB-α mRNA, and inhibits p65 and p50 in intimal cells^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Propionyl-L-carnitine (120 mg/kg; p.o.; daily; starting immediately after aortic injury and lasting for 15 days) reduces the relative aortic intimal volume, increases apoptosis, up-regulates Bax without changing the Bcl-2 level, and reduces NF-κB, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and survivin in rats^[3].
Propionyl-L-carnitine (30-120 mg/kg/day, p.o., drinking water) enhances wound healing and counteracts microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction in rats^[4].
Propionyl-L-carnitine (3.6 mg/mL, infused into the renal artery at the rate of 0.4 mL/min) prevents renal function deterioration due to ischemia/reperfusion in male Sprague-Dawley rats^[5].
Propionyl-L-carnitine (200 mg/kg/day, p.o., 4 weeks) corrects metabolic and cardiovascular alterations in diet-induced obese mice and improves liver respiratory chain activity^[6].
Propionyl-L-carnitine (25  mg/kg, intrarectal, twice daily, for 1 week; 120 mg/kg, p.o., once daily, for 1 week) reduces intestinal damage and microvascular dysfunction in rat TNBS-induced acute and reactivated colitis^[7].
Propionyl-L-carnitine (200 mg/kg, p.o., drinking water) increases NO synthesis by enhancing eNOS expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats^[8].
Propionyl-L-carnitine (500 mg/kg, i.p., 10 successive days) prevents the progression of Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced cardiomyopathy in a carnitine-depleted rat model^[9].
Propionyl-L-carnitine (200 mg/kg per d, p.o., 20 weeks) reduces body weight and hyperinsulinaemia in obese Zucker rats^[10].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

217.26

C₁₀H₁₉NO₄

20064-19-1

Solid

White to off-white

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

• [1]. Victor Kamoen, et al. Propionyl-L-carnitine for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Dec 26;12(12):CD010117.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Ning WH, et al. Propionyl-L-carnitine induces eNOS activation and nitric oxide synthesis in endothelial cells via PI3 and Akt kinases. Vascul Pharmacol. 2013 Sep-Oct;59(3-4):76-82.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Orlandi A, et al. Propionyl-L-carnitine reduces proliferation and potentiates Bax-related apoptosis of aortic intimal smooth muscle cells by modulating nuclear factor-kappaB activity. J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 16;282(7):4932-4942.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Scioli MG, et al. Propionyl-L-Carnitine Enhances Wound Healing and Counteracts Microvascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. PLoS One. 2015 Oct 16;10(10):e0140697.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Mister M, et al. Propionyl-L-carnitine prevents renal function deterioration due to ischemia/reperfusion. Kidney Int. 2002 Mar;61(3):1064-78.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Mingorance C, et al. Propionyl-L-carnitine corrects metabolic and cardiovascular alterations in diet-induced obese mice and improves liver respiratory chain activity. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e34268.  [Content Brief]

  [7]. Scioli MG, et al. Propionyl-L-Carnitine is Efficacious in Ulcerative Colitis Through its Action on the Immune Function and Microvasculature. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2014 Mar 20;5(3):e55.  [Content Brief]

  [8]. Alvarez de Sotomayor M, et al. Effect of L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine on endothelial function of small mesenteric arteries from SHR. J Vasc Res. 2007;44(5):354-64.  [Content Brief]

  [9]. Al-Majed AA, et al. Propionyl-L-carnitine prevents the progression of cisplatin-induced cardiomyopathy in a carnitine-depleted rat model. Pharmacol Res. 2006 Mar;53(3):278-86.  [Content Brief]

  [10]. Mingorance C, et al. Oral supplementation of propionyl-l-carnitine reduces body weight and hyperinsulinaemia in obese Zucker rats. Br J Nutr. 2009 Oct;102(8):1145-53.  [Content Brief]