2. Epigenetics PI3K/Akt/mTOR Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK NF-κB Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. AMPK VEGFR PI3K Akt NF-κB Cytochrome P450
  4. Alizarin

Alizarin is a natural dye. Alizarin can be extracted from the roots of madder plant. Alizarin activates AMPK and VEGFR2/eNOS pathway. Alizarin regulates PI3K/Akt and inhibits NF-κB pathway. Alizarin enhances CYP1A1 enzyme activity. Alizarin has protective effects on hypertension and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Alizarin has anti-tumor activity against multiple cancers including pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, osteosarcoma and liver cancer. Alizarin has been widely used as a pigment in textile fabrics and paintings.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Alizarin Chemical Structure

Alizarin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 72-48-0

Size Price Stock Quantity
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO In-stock
500 mg In-stock
1 g In-stock
5 g In-stock
10 g   Get quote  
50 g   Get quote  

* Please select Quantity before adding items.

This product is a controlled substance and not for sale in your territory.

Customer Review

Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Alizarin:

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

1 Publications Citing Use of MCE Alizarin

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NUAK1 NUAK2 AMPK AMPK α1β1γ1 AMPK α2β1γ1 AMPK α1β2γ1 AMPK α2β2γ1

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VEGFR1/Flt-1 VEGFR2/KDR/Flk-1 VEGFR3/Flt-4

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PI3Kα PI3Kβ PI3Kγ PI3Kδ PI3KC2α PI3KC2β PI3KC2γ Vps34 PI3K PI3KC3 p120γ

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Akt Akt1 Akt2 Akt3

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NF-κB NF-κB1/p50 RelA/p65 RelB c-Rel

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CYP1 CYP2 CYP3 CYP4 CYP11 CYP17 Aromatase/CYP19A1 CYP26 CYP51 CYP1A2 CYP2D6 CYP2C9 CYP2C19 CYP3A4 CYP17A1

  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Alizarin is a natural dye. Alizarin can be extracted from the roots of madder plant. Alizarin activates AMPK and VEGFR2/eNOS pathway. Alizarin regulates PI3K/Akt and inhibits NF-κB pathway. Alizarin enhances CYP1A1 enzyme activity. Alizarin has protective effects on hypertension and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Alizarin has anti-tumor activity against multiple cancers including pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, osteosarcoma and liver cancer. Alizarin has been widely used as a pigment in textile fabrics and paintings[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].

Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
A549 IC50
> 50 μM
Compound: Alizarin
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953029]
CNE IC50
> 100 μM
Compound: Alizarin
Cytotoxicity against human CNE cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human CNE cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953029]
HCT-116 IC50
> 50 μM
Compound: Alizarin
Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953029]
HeLa IC50
> 100 μM
Compound: Alizarin
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953029]
HepG2 IC50
> 50 μM
Compound: Alizarin
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953029]
HUVEC IC50
> 50 μM
Compound: Alizarin
Cytotoxicity against HUVEC after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against HUVEC after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953029]
KB IC50
15.65 μM
Compound: Alizarin
Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953029]
KG-1a EC50
60.2 μM
Compound: 2
Antiproliferative activity against human KG-1a cells assessed as decrease in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by trypan blue exclusion assay
Antiproliferative activity against human KG-1a cells assessed as decrease in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by trypan blue exclusion assay
[PMID: 36215859]
MGC-803 IC50
39.35 μM
Compound: Alizarin
Cytotoxicity against human MGC803 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human MGC803 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953029]
NCI-H460 IC50
> 50 μM
Compound: Alizarin
Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
[PMID: 24953029]
In Vitro

Alizarin (5-80 μM, 24-72 h) inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cells by abrogating NF-κB activation[1].
Alizarin (0.01-200 μM, 48 h) enhances CYP1A1 enzyme activity and induces transcriptional changes in hepatoma cells HepG2[2].
Alizarin (5-50  µg/mL, 24-144 h) strongly inhibits the osteosarcoma (IC50 for Saos-2, MG-63, and U-2OS cells, 27.5, 29.0, and 69.9 µg/ml, respectively) and breast carcinoma (IC50 for MDA-MB-231 cells, 62.1 µg/mL) cell proliferation[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay[3]

Cell Line: Saos-2, MG-63, and U-2 OS
Concentration: 5, 10, 25, 50 µg/mL
Incubation Time: 24, 48, 72, and 144 h
Result: Induced a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth over time in osteosarcoma and breast cancer cell lines.
Showed lower effect in respect with the two osteosarcoma cell lines MG-63 and Saos-2 at the higher concentration.
In Vivo

Alizarin (24-96 mg/kg, 10 days) increase glucose uptake through PI3K/Akt signaling and improve Alloxan (HY-W017227)-induced diabetic mice[4].
Alizarin (100 mg/kg/d, p.o., 6 weeks) shows antihypertensive effect in SHR by activating VEGFR2/eNOS pathway, attenuating oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage and premature senescence[5].
Alizarin (10 mg/kg, p.o., 4 weeks) shows protective effect on vascular endothelial dysfunction in rats via inhibiting the type 2 diabetes-induced synthesis of THBS1 and activating the AMPK signaling pathway[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Male spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) (200-300 g)[5]
Dosage: 100 mg/kg
Administration: Oral gavage (p.o.), 6 weeks
Result: Reduced blood pressure in SHR, attenuated thoracic aortic injury, and increased endothelial dependent relaxation (EDR) in aortic rings.
Elevated activity and phosphorylation level of VEGFR2 and eNOS.
Attenuated endothelial dysfunction caused by hypertension through suppressing oxidative stress.
Ameliorated oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

240.21

Formula

C14H8O4
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Orange to reddish brown

SMILES

O=C1C2=C(C=CC=C2)C(C3=CC=C(O)C(O)=C13)=O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (104.08 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 4.1630 mL 20.8151 mL 41.6302 mL
5 mM 0.8326 mL 4.1630 mL 8.3260 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (10.41 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (10.41 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, PEG300/PEG400, Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.17%

Data Sheet (299 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (250 KB) HNMR (290 KB) LCMS (98 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 4.1630 mL 20.8151 mL 41.6302 mL 104.0756 mL
5 mM 0.8326 mL 4.1630 mL 8.3260 mL 20.8151 mL
10 mM 0.4163 mL 2.0815 mL 4.1630 mL 10.4076 mL
15 mM 0.2775 mL 1.3877 mL 2.7753 mL 6.9384 mL
20 mM 0.2082 mL 1.0408 mL 2.0815 mL 5.2038 mL
25 mM 0.1665 mL 0.8326 mL 1.6652 mL 4.1630 mL
30 mM 0.1388 mL 0.6938 mL 1.3877 mL 3.4692 mL
40 mM 0.1041 mL 0.5204 mL 1.0408 mL 2.6019 mL
50 mM 0.0833 mL 0.4163 mL 0.8326 mL 2.0815 mL
60 mM 0.0694 mL 0.3469 mL 0.6938 mL 1.7346 mL
80 mM 0.0520 mL 0.2602 mL 0.5204 mL 1.3009 mL
100 mM 0.0416 mL 0.2082 mL 0.4163 mL 1.0408 mL
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Alizarin Related Classifications

Keywords:

Alizarin72-48-0AMPKVEGFRPI3KAktNF-κBCytochrome P450AMP-activated protein kinaseVascular endothelial growth factor receptorPhosphoinositide 3-kinasePKBProtein kinase BNuclear factor-κBNuclear factor-kappaBCYPspancreatic cancerbreast cancerosteosarcoma and liver canceranti-tumorantihypertensiveInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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