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Pitstop 2 is a clathrin inhibitor which inhibits clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) by associating with the terminal domain of clathrin. Pitstop 2 has the potential for anti-cancer research .
Dynole 2−24 is an indole-based dynamin GTPase inhibitor (IC50=0.56 μM for dynamin I). Dynole 2−24 is nontoxic and shows increased potency against dynamin I and II in vitro and in cells (IC₅₀(CME)=1.9 μM). Dynole 2−24 also shows 4.4-fold selectivity for dynamin I. Dynole 2−24 is active in-cell inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis . CME: Clathrin mediated endocytosis
Clathrin-IN-4 (compound 8b), a Wiskostatin (HY-12534) analogue, is a potent inhibitor of clathrin mediated endocytosis with an IC50 of 2.1 μM. Clathrin-IN-4 is a dynamin I GTPase activity inhibitor with an IC50 of 9.1 μM .
Amivantamab (JNJ-61186372) is a human EGFR-MET bispecific antibody with immune anticancer activity. Amivantamab inhibits ligand binding, promotes endocytosis and degradation of receptor-antibody complexes, and induces Fc-dependent cytokinesis in macrophages and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity in natural killer cells .
Rhodady C10 (Compound C10) is a dynamin I GTPase inhibitor. Rhodady C10 blocks receptor-mediated endocytosis (IC50: 7 μM). Dynamin is involved in clathrin-independent endocytosis, phagocytosis, and caveolae internalization .
Clathrin-IN-2 is potent inhibitor of clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME) with an IC50 value of 2.3 μM. Clathrin-IN-2 also has inhibitiory for dyn I GTPase with an IC50 value of 7.7 μM .
Phenylarsine oxide (PAO), an inhibitor of endocytosis, inhibits PTPε with an IC50 of 18 μM. Phenylarsine oxide (PAO) inhibits oxygen consumption and decreases cellular ATP content overlap with those used to inhibit protein internalization .
TIM-098a is a selective AAK1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.24 µM. TIM-098a has no inhibitory activity against CaMKK isoforms. TIM-098a inhibits AAK1-regulated endocytosis by suppressing AAK1 kinase activity .
Clathrin-IN-1 is a selective clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) inhibitor. Clathrin-IN-1 selectively inhibits amphiphysin association of clathrin terminal domain (TD) with an IC50 value of 12 μM. Clathrin-IN-1 acutely interferes with receptor-mediated endocytosis, entry of HIV, and synaptic vesicle recycling .
Dynamin IN-2 (compound 43), a Wiskostatin (HY-12534) analogue, is a potent dynamin inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1.0 μM for dynamin I GTPase. Dynamin IN-2 also blocks clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME), with an IC50 of 9.5 μM .
Pyrimidyn 7 is an inhibitor of dynamin I/II with IC50 values of 1.1 μM and 1.8 μM, respectively. Pyrimidyn 7 competitively inhibits the interactions between GTP and phospholipids with dynamin I. Additionally, Pyrimidyn 7 reversibly inhibits clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) of transferrin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in various non-neuronal cell linecell [1.
Amivantamab (FUT8-KO) is a human EGFR-MET bispecific antibody with immune anticancer activity. Amivantamab (FUT8-KO) inhibits ligand binding, promotes endocytosis and degradation of receptor-antibody complexes, and induces Fc-dependent cytokinesis in macrophages and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity in natural killer cells .
Hydroxy Dynasore (Dyngo-4a), a structural mimetic analog of Dynasore (HY-15304), is an improved, less cytotoxic and versatile dynamin inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.38 μM and 2.3 μM for brain recombinant dynamin I and recombinant mouse dynamin II, respectively. Hydroxy Dynasore inhibits dynamin-dependent transferrin endocytosis with an IC50 of 5.7 μM.
TAT-GluA2 3Y, an interference peptide, blocks long-term depression (LTD) at glutamatergic synapses by disrupting the endocytosis of AMPAR. TAT-GluA2 3Y can alleviate Pentobarbital-induced spatial memory deficits and synaptic depression .
Wiskostatin is a potent and selective inhibitor of neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP)-mediated actin polymerization by stabilization of the closed, autoinhibited conformation, thereby preventing Arp2/3 complex activation. Wiskostatin is also a dynamin inhibitor with an IC50 value of 20.7 μM and a potent inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis with an IC50 value of 6.9 μM. Wiskostatin causes a rapid, profound, and irreversible decrease in cellular ATP levels. Wiskostatin also induces disassembly of podosomes in a murine monocyte cell line .
Barbadin is a novel and selective β-arrestin/β2-adaptin interaction inhibitor, has IC50 values of 19.1 μM for β-arrestin1 and 15.6 μM for β-arrestin2. Barbadin blocks agonist-promoted endocytosis of the prototypical β2-adrenergic, V2-vasopressin and angiotensin-II type-1 receptors. Barbadin can induce apoptosis .
UNI418 is a dual inhibitor of PIKfyve and PIP5K1C with antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (EC50=1.4 μM). UNI418 blocks ACE2-mediated SARS-CoV-2 viral endocytosis by inhibiting PIP5K1C (IC50=60.1 nM; Kd=61 nM). In addition, UNI418 inhibits the proteolytic activation of proteases regulated by PIKfyve (Kd=0.78 nM) to prevent SARS-CoV-2 from entering host cells .
Clemastanin B, a lignin, has potent anti-influenza activities by inhibiting the virus multiplication, prophylaxsis and blocking the virus attachment. Clemastanin B targets viral endocytosis, uncoating or ribonucleoprotein (RNP) export from the nucleus. Clemastanin B has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities .
PM-1, a derivative of Thioflavin-T (ThT; HY-D0218), is a small but highly specific plasma membrane (PM) fluorescent dye for specific and long-time membrane imaging of living and fixed cells. PM-1 is embedded directly into the cell membrane and exhibits a very long retention time on the plasma membrane with a half-life of approximately 15 h. PM-1 can be used in combination with protein labeling probes to study ectodomain shedding and endocytosis processes of cell surface proteins .
DynaMin inhibitory peptide, myristoylated is a DynaMin inhibitor to interfere with the binding of amphiphysin with dynamin. DynaMin inhibitory peptide, myristoylated is a membrane-permeant form of the peptide that prevents endocytosis .
Dansylcadaverine (Monodansyl cadaverine) is an autofluorescent compound used for the labeling of autophagic vacuoles. Dansylcadaverine, a high affinity substrate of transglutaminases, can block the receptor-mediated endocytosis of many ligands .
DynaMin inhibitory peptide, myristoylated TFA is a DynaMin inhibitor to interfere with the binding of amphiphysin with dynamin. DynaMin inhibitory peptide, myristoylated TFA is a membrane-permeant form of the peptide that prevents endocytosis .
IAV-IN-2 (Compound MC-22) inhibits for Influenza A Virus (IAV) through blocking the entry of IAV into host cell via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) .
Arg-Flipper 34 is one of the flipper probes which have been introduced as small molecule fluorophores to image membrane tension in living systems. Arg-Flipper 34 can be used to assess the mechanics of early endocytosis .
4-Sulfo-N-(4-aminobenzyl)-1,8-naphthalimide potassium is an inactive 1,8-Naphthalimide derivative. 4-Sulfo-N-(4-aminobenzyl)-1,8-naphthalimide potassium can be used as a negative control for the clathrin inhibitor 3-Sulfo-N-benzyl-1,8-naphthalimide, potassium salt .
Biotin-TAT (47-57), a biotin tagged TAT, is a transactivator of transcription. Biotin-TAT (47-57) is one of the most widely used protein transduction domains (PTDs) into different primary cells is ATP- and temperature-dependent, indicating the involvement of endocytosis .
(Val3,Pro8)-Oxytocin is the Gq-dependent pathway agonist. (Val3,Pro8)-Oxytocin is also a weaker agonist for the β-arrestin engagement and endocytosis toward the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) .
Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .
Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .
Tat-GluR23Y, scrambled is the scrambled peptide of Tat-GluR23Y (HY-P2259). Tat-GluR23Y is a synthetic peptide containing tyrosine residues that inhibit AMPAR endocytosis and is effective in the research of long-term depression (LTD) .
Tat-GluR23Y, scrambled TFA is the scrambled peptide of Tat-GluR23Y (HY-P2259). Tat-GluR23Y is a synthetic peptide containing tyrosine residues that inhibit AMPAR endocytosis and is effective in the research of long-term depression (LTD) .
mPEG-amine (MW 350) can synthesize folate-conjugated polymer micelles for encapsulation of anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin (HY-16560). folate-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
mPEG-amine (MW 550) can synthesize folate-conjugated polymer micelles for encapsulation of anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin (HY-16560). folate-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
mPEG-amine (MW 750) can synthesize folate-conjugated polymer micelles for encapsulation of anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin (HY-16560). folate-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
mPEG-amine (MW 3400) can synthesize folate-conjugated polymer micelles for encapsulation of anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin (HY-16560). folate-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
Fucosyltransferase 8 (EC:2.4.1.68; FUT8; α1-6FucT) is a glycosyl transferase and catalyzes the transfer of a fucose residue from GDP-fucose to the innermost N-acetylglucosamine residue of N-glycans .
L-796,778 is an agonist of the hsst3 receptor. In CHO-K1 cells expressing the hsst3 receptor, L-796,778 is a partial agonist that inhibits forskolin (HY-15371)-stimulated cAMP production with an IC50 value of 18 nM .
RTIL 13 is a potent inhibitor of dynamin GTPase, with an IC50 of 2.3 μM for dynamin I GTPase. RTIL 13 also targets pleckstrin homology lipid binding domain. RTIL 13 can inhibit receptor-mediated and synaptic vesicle endocytosis, with IC50s of 9.3 μM and 7.1 μM, respectively .
Neurokinin Receptor (393-407), rat (SPR393–407) is a rat neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) fragment. NK1R is rapidly internalized by endocytosis and recycled to the plasma membrane when binding to substance P (SP). Neurokinin Receptor (393-407), rat can be used in the research of neurogenic inflammation .
mPEG-amine (MW 4000) can be used to synthesize folate-conjugated polymer micelles for encapsulating anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin (HY-16560). folate-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
Disoxaril (WIN-51711) is a polioviruses inhibitor. Disoxaril inhibits the replication of polioviruses types 1 and 2 in cells. Disoxaril binds directly to the virion capsid proteins and inhibits viral uncoating by stabilizing the virus capsid. Disoxaril still allows the virus to enter the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Disoxaril also inhibits enterovirus replication .
Tafolecimab (IBI-306) is a human lgG2 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds PCSK-9 and reduces LDL-C levels by inhibiting PCSK-9-mediated endocytosis of the LDL receptor, which in turn enhances clearance of LDL-C and leads to a reduction in LDL-C levels. Tafolecimab may be used in studies of hypercholesterolaemia .
PEG-bis-amine (MW 8000) synthesizes folate-conjugated polymeric micelles for encapsulation of the anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin HY-16560 (HY-16560). Folic acid-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
PEG-bis-amine (MW 1000) synthesizes folate-conjugated polymeric micelles for encapsulation of the anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin HY-16560 (HY-16560). Folic acid-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
Pitstop 1 is a small molecule inhibitor with endocytosis-inhibiting activity. Pitstop 1 blocks the interaction of chaperones with the Krasin terminal domain in cells, thereby affecting the function of Krasin. Pitstop 1 exhibits superior biological activity in significantly inhibiting the effects of Krasin. Pitstop 1 acts as a dose that inhibits the entry of viruses and pathogens into cells and modulates cell signaling .
ZINC05626394 is a cytochrome b5 reductase 3 inhibitor with activity by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability. ZINC05626394 may have potential applications in anti-cancer suppression, especially in combination with antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The efficacy of ZINC05626394 may be limited by different mechanisms, including antigen-related resistance and failure of endocytosis .
Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin) is a cyclic heptasaccharide used to deliver hydrophobic agents based on its property of solubilizing non-polar substances. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin is also extensively used as a cholesterol-depleting reagent . Methyl-β-cyclodextrin strongly reduces clathrin-dependent endocytosis . Methyl-β-cyclodextrin blocks cell migrasome formation .
EE-Flipper 33 is a Flipper probe designed to evaluate the mechanism of early endocytosis. EE-Flipper has a pKa value of 10.6 and is capable of tracking approximately 70% of early endosomes (EE) in live cells. Furthermore, EE-Flipper 33 can also label the Golgi apparatus in live cells with an internal pH ranging from 6.0 to 6.7 .
FM1-43 is a very lipophilic, water-soluble styrene dyes, can specifically bind to cell membranes and inner membrane organelles to produce fluorescence. FM1-43 is widely used in endocytic and exospic membrane structure markers.
4-Di-1-ASP is a styryl dye used to stain glioma cells in living brain tissue for analysis of cell structure, viability, proliferation and endocytosis, cytokinesis and phagocytosis, as well as for observation of mitochondrial structures in living cells. 4-Di-1-ASP fluoresces green when imaged microscopically (λex /λem = 475/606 nm) .
Dynole 34-2 is a dynamin GTPase inhibitor (IC50s=6.9 and 14.2 µM for dynamin1 and dynamin2 GTPase activity, respectively) with antimitotic effect. Dynole 34-2 induces apoptosis, as revealed by cell blebbing, DNA fragmentation, and PARP cleavage . Dynole 34-2 also potently inhibits receptor mediated endocytosis (RME) .
Dopamine-d5 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Dopamine (hydrochloride). Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body[1]. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis[1].
Convallatoxin is a cardiac glycoside isolated from Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde. Convallatoxin ameliorates colitic inflammation via activation of PPARγ and suppression of NF-κB. Convallatoxin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and recognized Val982 as an important amino acid involved in its transport. Convallatoxin is an enhancer of ligand-induced MOR endocytosis with high potency and efficacy. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties .
Pentabromophenol (PBP) is a brominated flame retardant (BFR) widely used in various consumer products to reduce the flammability of materials used in different utility items. Pentabromophenol can accelerate the degradation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptors by promoting clathrin-mediated endocytosis, thereby inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway. Additionally, Pentabromophenol can also induce apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) .
Spirohexenolide A is a human macrophage migration inhibitor factor (hMIF) inhibitor with a Kd of 35.9 μM. Spirohexenolide A can be used in the study of cellular transport .
ES9-17 is an analog of ES9 (endosidin9), which is an inhibitor of clathrin heavy chain (CHC). ES9-17 is an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), a major route for internalization of plasma membrane proteins and molecules from the extracellular environment in plants. ES9-17 inhibits the uptake of transferrin and FM4-64. ES9-17 also inhibits root growth of Arabidopsis seedings .
Convallatoxin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Convallatoxin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Convallatoxin is a cardiac glycoside isolated from Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde. Convallatoxin ameliorates colitic inflammation via activation of PPARγ and suppression of NF-κB. Convallatoxin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and recognized Val982 as an important amino acid involved in its transport. Convallatoxin is an enhancer of ligand-induced MOR endocytosis with high potency and efficacy. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties .
TAT-GluR23A Fusion Peptide is a biological active peptide. (This is the GluR23A sequence, a control inactive peptide used as a mutant counterpart to glutamate receptor endocytosis inhibitor (GluR23Y), connected to an 11 amino acid cell permeable HIV Trans-Activator of Transcription (TAT) protein transduction domain (PTD). GluR23A is derived from GluR23Y amino acids 869 to 877, with Ala substituted for Tyr, and thus lacking essential phosphorylation sites.Control peptide of HY-P2259)
FM4-64 is a very lipophilic, water-soluble styrene dyes, can specifically bind to cell membranes and inner membrane organelles to produce fluorescence. FM4-64 is widely used in endocytic and exospic membrane structure markers.
Oritavancin (LY 333328), a semisynthetic derivative of Vancomycin (HY-B0671), is an orally active glycopeptide antibiotic with bactericidal activity against gram-positive organisms. Oritavancin shows antibacterial effect against B. anthracis, such as Ames strain with a MIC value of 0.015 g/mL. Oritavancin inhibits cell wall synthesis and disrupts the membrane potential. Oritavancin inhibits ArlS kinase activity thereby interfering the signal transduction. Oritavancin enters cells by adsorptive endocytosis, which drives it to lysosomes, where it exerts antibiotic activity .
Oritavancin diphosphate (LY333328 diphosphate), a semisynthetic derivative of Vancomycin (HY-B0671), is an orally active glycopeptide antibiotic with bactericidal activity against gram-positive organisms. Oritavancin diphosphate shows antibacterial effect against B. anthracis, such as Ames strain with a MIC value of 0.015 g/mL. Oritavancin diphosphate inhibits cell wall synthesis and disrupts the membrane potential. Oritavancin diphosphate inhibits ArlS kinase activity thereby interfering the signal transduction. Oritavancin diphosphate enters cells by adsorptive endocytosis, which drives it to lysosomes, where it exerts antibiotic activity .
Mipomersen sodium (ISIS 301012) is an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of apolipoprotein B (apoB). Mipomersen has anti-HCV effect and reduces the infectivity of the HCV. Mipomersen sodium can be used for the research of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) .
BODIPY-FL is a green fluorescent dye that can be used to label probes or primers. BODIPY-FL fluorescence can be quenched after interacting with uniquely positioned guanine, making it useful for quantifying specific DNA or RNA molecules. BODIPY-FL-labeled sphingolipid analogs can be used to investigate sphingolipid internalization, transport, and endocytosis in mouse embryonic stem cells. BODIPY-FL-labeled monoterpenes can quickly penetrate bacteria, mammalian, and fungal cells, allowing for the detection of characteristics of a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as pathogenic fungi. The maximum absorption wavelength of BODIPY-FL is 505 nm, and the maximum emission wavelength is 513 nm .
Oritavancin (diphosphate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oritavancin (diphosphate). Oritavancin diphosphate (Standard), a semisynthetic derivative of Vancomycin (HY-B0671), is an orally active glycopeptide antibiotic with bactericidal activity against gram-positive organisms. Oritavancin diphosphate (Standard) shows antibacterial effect against B. anthracis, such as Ames strain with a MIC value of 0.015 g/mL. Oritavancin diphosphate (Standard) inhibits cell wall synthesis and disrupts the membrane potential. Oritavancin diphosphate (Standard) inhibits ArlS kinase activity thereby interfering the signal transduction. Oritavancin diphosphate (Standard) enters cells by adsorptive endocytosis, which drives it to lysosomes, where it exerts antibiotic activity .
Photosensitizer-2 (compound 1) is a organic D-π-A sensitizer against phototoxicity. Photosensitizer-2 contains an acrylic acid moiety that exerts high levels of phototoxicity. Photosensitizer-2 shows antitumor activity against HeLa cells, with IC50 values of 20.9 ± 4.5 μM (dark) and 0.046 ± 0.012 μM (irradiation), respectively .
Chlorpromazine is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-transparent antipsychotic agent that effectively antagonises D2 dopamine receptors and 5-HT2A, which is widely used in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Chlorpromazine exerts anti-cancer activity through a variety of pathways, including anti-proliferation, induction of autophagy and cycle arrest (G2-M phase), inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), inhibition of tumour growth and metastasis, and inhibition of tumour immune escape. Chlorpromazine also blocks hNav1.7 channels (IC50=25.9 μM; concentration-dependent) and HERG potassium channels (IC50=21.6 μM), which has potential for analgesic and cardiac arrhythmic studies. Chlorpromazine also can inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis .
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-transparent antipsychotic agent that effectively antagonises D2 dopamine receptors and 5-HT2A, which is widely used in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride exerts anti-cancer activity through a variety of pathways, including anti-proliferation, induction of autophagy and cycle arrest (G2-M phase), inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), inhibition of tumour growth and metastasis, and inhibition of tumour immune escape. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride also blocks hNav1.7 channels (IC50=25.9 μM; concentration-dependent) and HERG potassium channels (IC50=21.6 μM), which has potential for analgesic and cardiac arrhythmic studies. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride also can inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis .
PM-1, a derivative of Thioflavin-T (ThT; HY-D0218), is a small but highly specific plasma membrane (PM) fluorescent dye for specific and long-time membrane imaging of living and fixed cells. PM-1 is embedded directly into the cell membrane and exhibits a very long retention time on the plasma membrane with a half-life of approximately 15 h. PM-1 can be used in combination with protein labeling probes to study ectodomain shedding and endocytosis processes of cell surface proteins .
Dansylcadaverine (Monodansyl cadaverine) is an autofluorescent compound used for the labeling of autophagic vacuoles. Dansylcadaverine, a high affinity substrate of transglutaminases, can block the receptor-mediated endocytosis of many ligands .
FM1-43 is a very lipophilic, water-soluble styrene dyes, can specifically bind to cell membranes and inner membrane organelles to produce fluorescence. FM1-43 is widely used in endocytic and exospic membrane structure markers.
4-Di-1-ASP is a styryl dye used to stain glioma cells in living brain tissue for analysis of cell structure, viability, proliferation and endocytosis, cytokinesis and phagocytosis, as well as for observation of mitochondrial structures in living cells. 4-Di-1-ASP fluoresces green when imaged microscopically (λex /λem = 475/606 nm) .
FM4-64 is a very lipophilic, water-soluble styrene dyes, can specifically bind to cell membranes and inner membrane organelles to produce fluorescence. FM4-64 is widely used in endocytic and exospic membrane structure markers.
BODIPY-FL is a green fluorescent dye that can be used to label probes or primers. BODIPY-FL fluorescence can be quenched after interacting with uniquely positioned guanine, making it useful for quantifying specific DNA or RNA molecules. BODIPY-FL-labeled sphingolipid analogs can be used to investigate sphingolipid internalization, transport, and endocytosis in mouse embryonic stem cells. BODIPY-FL-labeled monoterpenes can quickly penetrate bacteria, mammalian, and fungal cells, allowing for the detection of characteristics of a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as pathogenic fungi. The maximum absorption wavelength of BODIPY-FL is 505 nm, and the maximum emission wavelength is 513 nm .
Arg-Flipper 34 is one of the flipper probes which have been introduced as small molecule fluorophores to image membrane tension in living systems. Arg-Flipper 34 can be used to assess the mechanics of early endocytosis .
EE-Flipper 33 is a Flipper probe designed to evaluate the mechanism of early endocytosis. EE-Flipper has a pKa value of 10.6 and is capable of tracking approximately 70% of early endosomes (EE) in live cells. Furthermore, EE-Flipper 33 can also label the Golgi apparatus in live cells with an internal pH ranging from 6.0 to 6.7 .
mPEG-amine (MW 750) can synthesize folate-conjugated polymer micelles for encapsulation of anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin (HY-16560). folate-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin) is a cyclic heptasaccharide used to deliver hydrophobic agents based on its property of solubilizing non-polar substances. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin is also extensively used as a cholesterol-depleting reagent . Methyl-β-cyclodextrin strongly reduces clathrin-dependent endocytosis . Methyl-β-cyclodextrin blocks cell migrasome formation .
mPEG-amine (MW 350) can synthesize folate-conjugated polymer micelles for encapsulation of anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin (HY-16560). folate-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
mPEG-amine (MW 550) can synthesize folate-conjugated polymer micelles for encapsulation of anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin (HY-16560). folate-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
mPEG-amine (MW 3400) can synthesize folate-conjugated polymer micelles for encapsulation of anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin (HY-16560). folate-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
Fucosyltransferase 8 (EC:2.4.1.68; FUT8; α1-6FucT) is a glycosyl transferase and catalyzes the transfer of a fucose residue from GDP-fucose to the innermost N-acetylglucosamine residue of N-glycans .
mPEG-amine (MW 4000) can be used to synthesize folate-conjugated polymer micelles for encapsulating anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin (HY-16560). folate-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
PEG-bis-amine (MW 8000) synthesizes folate-conjugated polymeric micelles for encapsulation of the anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin HY-16560 (HY-16560). Folic acid-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
PEG-bis-amine (MW 1000) synthesizes folate-conjugated polymeric micelles for encapsulation of the anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin HY-16560 (HY-16560). Folic acid-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
TAT-GluA2 3Y, an interference peptide, blocks long-term depression (LTD) at glutamatergic synapses by disrupting the endocytosis of AMPAR. TAT-GluA2 3Y can alleviate Pentobarbital-induced spatial memory deficits and synaptic depression .
DynaMin inhibitory peptide, myristoylated is a DynaMin inhibitor to interfere with the binding of amphiphysin with dynamin. DynaMin inhibitory peptide, myristoylated is a membrane-permeant form of the peptide that prevents endocytosis .
Biotin-TAT (47-57), a biotin tagged TAT, is a transactivator of transcription. Biotin-TAT (47-57) is one of the most widely used protein transduction domains (PTDs) into different primary cells is ATP- and temperature-dependent, indicating the involvement of endocytosis .
M918 is a cell-penetrating peptide. M918 is internalized by cells through endocytosis and can effectively penetrate a variety of cells in a non-toxic manner. M918 can be used in gene therapy and drug delivery system research .
DynaMin inhibitory peptide, myristoylated TFA is a DynaMin inhibitor to interfere with the binding of amphiphysin with dynamin. DynaMin inhibitory peptide, myristoylated TFA is a membrane-permeant form of the peptide that prevents endocytosis .
(Val3,Pro8)-Oxytocin is the Gq-dependent pathway agonist. (Val3,Pro8)-Oxytocin is also a weaker agonist for the β-arrestin engagement and endocytosis toward the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) .
CPP9 is a small, amphipathic, cyclic cell penetrating peptide (CPP). CPPs bind directly to the plasma membrane phospholipids and enter mammalian cells via endocytosis, followed by efficient release from the endosome. CPP9 can be used for intracellular delivery of therapeutic agents and chemical probes .
CPP12 is a small, amphipathic, cyclic cell penetrating peptide (CPP). CPPs bind directly to the plasma membrane phospholipids and enter mammalian cells via endocytosis, followed by efficient release from the endosome. CPP12 can be used for intracellular delivery of therapeutic agents and chemical probes .
Tat-GluR23Y, scrambled is the scrambled peptide of Tat-GluR23Y (HY-P2259). Tat-GluR23Y is a synthetic peptide containing tyrosine residues that inhibit AMPAR endocytosis and is effective in the research of long-term depression (LTD) .
Tat-GluR23Y, scrambled TFA is the scrambled peptide of Tat-GluR23Y (HY-P2259). Tat-GluR23Y is a synthetic peptide containing tyrosine residues that inhibit AMPAR endocytosis and is effective in the research of long-term depression (LTD) .
Neurokinin Receptor (393-407), rat (SPR393–407) is a rat neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) fragment. NK1R is rapidly internalized by endocytosis and recycled to the plasma membrane when binding to substance P (SP). Neurokinin Receptor (393-407), rat can be used in the research of neurogenic inflammation .
GluR23Y is a biological active peptide. (This GluR23Y peptide was used in ELISA cell-surface assay for the insulin-stimulated endocytosis of native AMPA receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons. GluR23Y prevented any insulin-induced reduction. The blockade of insulin action was observed when the GluR23Y peptide was delivered into neurons by fusing it to the membrane transduction domain of HIV-1.)
Prosaptide Tx14(A), a prosaposin-derived peptide, is a potent GPR37L1 and GPR37 agonist with EC50s of 5 and 7 nM, respectively. Prosaptide Tx14(A) increases both ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation in Schwann cells .
Prosaptide Tx14(A) TFA, a prosaposin-derived peptide, is a potent GPR37L1 and GPR37 agonist with EC50s of 5 and 7 nM, respectively. Prosaptide Tx14(A) TFA increases both ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation in Schwann cells .
TAT-GluR23A Fusion Peptide is a biological active peptide. (This is the GluR23A sequence, a control inactive peptide used as a mutant counterpart to glutamate receptor endocytosis inhibitor (GluR23Y), connected to an 11 amino acid cell permeable HIV Trans-Activator of Transcription (TAT) protein transduction domain (PTD). GluR23A is derived from GluR23Y amino acids 869 to 877, with Ala substituted for Tyr, and thus lacking essential phosphorylation sites.Control peptide of HY-P2259)
Amivantamab (JNJ-61186372) is a human EGFR-MET bispecific antibody with immune anticancer activity. Amivantamab inhibits ligand binding, promotes endocytosis and degradation of receptor-antibody complexes, and induces Fc-dependent cytokinesis in macrophages and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity in natural killer cells .
Tafolecimab (IBI-306) is a human lgG2 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds PCSK-9 and reduces LDL-C levels by inhibiting PCSK-9-mediated endocytosis of the LDL receptor, which in turn enhances clearance of LDL-C and leads to a reduction in LDL-C levels. Tafolecimab may be used in studies of hypercholesterolaemia .
Amivantamab (FUT8-KO) is a human EGFR-MET bispecific antibody with immune anticancer activity. Amivantamab (FUT8-KO) inhibits ligand binding, promotes endocytosis and degradation of receptor-antibody complexes, and induces Fc-dependent cytokinesis in macrophages and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity in natural killer cells .
Amivantamab (JNJ-61186372) is a human EGFR-MET bispecific antibody with immune anticancer activity. Amivantamab inhibits ligand binding, promotes endocytosis and degradation of receptor-antibody complexes, and induces Fc-dependent cytokinesis in macrophages and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity in natural killer cells .
Clemastanin B, a lignin, has potent anti-influenza activities by inhibiting the virus multiplication, prophylaxsis and blocking the virus attachment. Clemastanin B targets viral endocytosis, uncoating or ribonucleoprotein (RNP) export from the nucleus. Clemastanin B has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities .
Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .
Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .
Convallatoxin is a cardiac glycoside isolated from Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde. Convallatoxin ameliorates colitic inflammation via activation of PPARγ and suppression of NF-κB. Convallatoxin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and recognized Val982 as an important amino acid involved in its transport. Convallatoxin is an enhancer of ligand-induced MOR endocytosis with high potency and efficacy. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties .
Convallatoxin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Convallatoxin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Convallatoxin is a cardiac glycoside isolated from Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde. Convallatoxin ameliorates colitic inflammation via activation of PPARγ and suppression of NF-κB. Convallatoxin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate and recognized Val982 as an important amino acid involved in its transport. Convallatoxin is an enhancer of ligand-induced MOR endocytosis with high potency and efficacy. Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties .
Stabilin-2 protein is a multifunctional phosphatidylserine and hyaluronic acid receptor that engulfs apoptotic cells and mediates hyaluronic acid endocytosis. As a systemic scavenger receptor, it binds various ligands and supports extracellular matrix turnover and body mobility. Stabilin-2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived Stabilin-2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
NECAP2 protein plays a pivotal role in endocytosis, interacting with adapter protein complexes AP-1 and AP-2, specifically with AP1G1 and AP2A1. Additionally, it connects with GAE domain proteins GGA1, GGA2, and GGA3, participating in a network of interactions that orchestrate endocytic events. NECAP2 emerges as a key regulator in cellular processes associated with membrane trafficking and vesicular transport. NECAP2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived NECAP2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His, C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of NECAP2 Protein, Human (His) is 263 a.a., with molecular weight of ~35.0 kDa.
Dopamine-d5 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Dopamine (hydrochloride). Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) plays several important roles in the brain and body[1]. Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis[1].
mPEG-amine (MW 750) can synthesize folate-conjugated polymer micelles for encapsulation of anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin (HY-16560). folate-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
Mipomersen sodium (ISIS 301012) is an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of apolipoprotein B (apoB). Mipomersen has anti-HCV effect and reduces the infectivity of the HCV. Mipomersen sodium can be used for the research of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) .
mPEG-amine (MW 350) can synthesize folate-conjugated polymer micelles for encapsulation of anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin (HY-16560). folate-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
mPEG-amine (MW 550) can synthesize folate-conjugated polymer micelles for encapsulation of anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin (HY-16560). folate-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
mPEG-amine (MW 3400) can synthesize folate-conjugated polymer micelles for encapsulation of anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin (HY-16560). folate-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
mPEG-amine (MW 4000) can be used to synthesize folate-conjugated polymer micelles for encapsulating anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin (HY-16560). folate-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
PEG-bis-amine (MW 8000) synthesizes folate-conjugated polymeric micelles for encapsulation of the anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin HY-16560 (HY-16560). Folic acid-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
PEG-bis-amine (MW 1000) synthesizes folate-conjugated polymeric micelles for encapsulation of the anticancer agent 9-nitrocamptothecin HY-16560 (HY-16560). Folic acid-conjugated polymer micelles are effective carriers of insoluble anticancer drugs, which can avoid macrophages and play a role in endocytosis of tumor cells mediated by folate receptors (FR).
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