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Z-VEID-FMK (Z-VE(OMe)ID(OMe)-FMK) is a selective and irreversible caspase-6 peptide inhibitor. Z-VEID-FMK alleviates the S-(+)-ketamine-induced augmentation of caspase-6 activity, DNA fragmentation, and cell apoptosis .
Echitamine (Ditaine) chloride is the major monoterpene indole alkaloid present in Alstonia scholaris with potent anti-tumour activity. Echitamine chloride induces DNA fragmentation and cells apoptosis. Echitamine chloride inhibits pancreatic lipase with an IC50 of 10.92 μM .
POSH-IN-2 (MIDI), a mitochondrial division inhibitor, is a DRP1 inhibitor that potently blocks mitochondrial fragmentation induced by cellular stresses and genetic mitochondrial lesions. POSH-IN-2 covalently interacts with DRP1-C367 to target DRP1 interaction with multiple receptors .
1,4-Anthraquinone is a potent anticancer agent. 1,4-Anthraquinone blocks nucleoside transport, inhibits macromolecule synthesis, induces DNAfragmentation, and decreases the growth and viability of cancer cells. 1,4-Anthraquinone can be used to research anti-leukemia .
Z-FF-FMK is a selective cathepsin-L inhibitor. Z-FF-FMK can prevent β-amyloid to induce apoptotic changes such as activation of caspase-3, cleavage of the DNA repair enzyme, poly-ADP ribose polymerase, and DNA fragmentation .
Z-FA-FMK ((1S)-Z-FA-FMK) is a potent Cathepsin B and L inhibitor. Z-FA-FMK blocks the induction of DEVDase activity, DNA fragmentation, and externalization of phosphatidylserine by selective synthetic retinoid-related molecules (RRMs). Z-FA-FMK inhibits apoptosis. Z-FA-FMK inhibits caspase activity and selectively inhibits recombinant effector caspases 2, -3, -6, and -7. Z-FA-FMK is a viral inhibitor. Z-FA-FMK inhibits reovirus replication in a susceptible host .
Sideroxylin is a C-methylated flavone isolated from Callistemon lanceolatus and exerts antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Sideroxylin inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, causing DNA fragmentation, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) .
Sabarubicin is a doxorubicin disaccharide analogue with striking antitumor activity. Sabarubicin is more effective than doxorubicin as a topoisomerase II poison and stimulated DNA fragmentation at lower intracellular concentrations.
L-threo-Sphingosine is a potent MAPK inhibitor. L-threo-Sphingosine induces apoptosis and clear DNA fragmentation. L-threo-Sphingosine shows anticancer effect .
Neopetromin is a tripeptide with a rare heteroaromatic C-N cross-link between side chains of tryptophan and tyrosine. Neopetromin causes vacuole fragmentation in an actin-independent manner .
Polymethacrylate Copolymer forms nanodiscs spontaneously by fragmentation or solubilization of the lipid bilayers.Polymethacrylate Copolymer is used in designing of nanodisc-forming polymer to mimic the amphiphilic nature of proteins and peptides .
Apoptosis inducer 15 (Compound 3) induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Apoptosis inducer 15 is cytotoxicitic without causing DNA fragmentation .
Firazorexton hydrate (TAK-994) is a potent, brain-penetrant, and orally active orexin type 2 receptor (OX2R) agonist (EC50: 19 nM). Firazorexton hydrate inhibits fragmentation of wakefulness and cataplexy-like episodes in mouse models of narcolepsy .
5-Geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin is a coumarin with anti-cancer, antifungal, and ?antibacterial?activities. 5-Geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin induces cell apoptosis .
FEN1-IN-SC13 is a potent DNA fragmentation endonuclease 1 (FEN1) inhibitor with antitumor activity. FEN1-IN-SC13 interferes with DNA replication and repair in vitro and in cells .
Patuletin is a flavonol, that can be isolated from the flowers of Tagetes patula. Patuletin shows anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells. Patuletin causes significant nuclear fragmentation and has a great capacity to induce caspase-3 activation .
NTPO trisodium is a DNA damage inducer, causing genomic DNA damage and fragmentation, activating ATR-mediated cell cycle checkpoints. The DNA damaging effects of NTPO trisodium are abrogated by base excision repair (BER) but not nucleotide excision repair (NER) .
NTPO (Nitrilotris methylenephosphonic acid) is a DNA damage inducer, causing genomic DNA damage and fragmentation, activating ATR-mediated cell cycle checkpoints. The DNA damaging effects of NTPO are abrogated by base excision repair (BER) but not nucleotide excision repair (NER) .
NVP 231 is a potent, specific, and reversible ceramide kinase (CerK) inhibitor(IC50=12 nM) that competitively inhibits binding of ceramide to CerK . NVP 231 induces cell apoptosis by increasing DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 and caspase-9 cleavage .
Macrocarpal C can be isolated from the 95 % ethanol extract of fresh leaves of E. globulus. Macrocarpal C inhibits the growth of T. mentagrophytes via an increase in the permeability of the fungal membrane. Macrocarpal C increases the production of intracellular ROS and? induces apoptosis as a consequence of DNA fragmentation .
C8 Ceramine is an analog of ceramide in which the carbonyl group of the ceramide is replaced by a methylene group. At a concentration of 10 μM, C8 ceramine induces maximal DNA fragmentation in U937 cells after 6 hours of incubation, compared to 12 hours for C8 ceramide.
Ergothioneine is an imidazole-2-thione derivative with orally active histidine betaine. Ergothioneine is a specific inhibitor of p38-MAPK and Akt, which plays a protective role in cell apoptosis induced by stress. Ergothioneine has antioxidant activity .
GSK_WRN4 is a WRN helicase inhibitor (pIC50=7.6) with anticancer activity. GSK_WRN4 selectively inhibits the growth of MSI tumor cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing DNA double-strand breaks, particularly at expanded TA repeats and DNA damage regions .
Disuccinimidyl sulfoxide (DSSO) is a mass spectrometry (MS)-cleavable cross-linker that is applicable for model peptides and proteins and a multisubunit protein complex. Disuccinimidyl sulfoxide contains two symmetric collision-induced dissociation (CID)-cleavable sites for identification of DSSO-cross-linked peptides based their distinct fragmentation patterns .
ROS inducer 5 (compound 6e) can induce intracellular ROS accumulation and subsequent nuclear fragmentation. ROS inducer 5 can induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 value of 3.85 μM. ROS inducer 5 can be used in anticancer research .
ROS inducer 4 (compound TE3) is a mitochondrial inhibitor. ROS inducer 4 causes a series of mitochondria-related physiological changes in tumors, such as mitochondrial fragmentation, explosive generation and accumulation of ROS, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased ATP content, and activation of ROS-mediated apoptotic signaling in mitochondria .
TMV-IN-10 (compound 4h) is an arecoline derivative with anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) activity (EC50=146 µg/mL). TMV-IN-10 can be used in research on controlling crop pests and diseases and improving crop yields by acting on the viral coat protein (CP) to cause viral fragmentation .
Sanazole (AK-2123) is a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. Sanazole enhances radiation-induced DNA strand breaks. In mouse fibroblast tumors, Sanazole increases nuclear condensation and fragmentation, as well as elevates caspase-3 activity, thereby enhancing radiation-induced apoptosis. These characteristics make Sanazole a promising candidate for research in tumor therapy .
Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) is isolated from Maackia amurensis Rupr.et Maxim. Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) is a larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti mosquito.xp Parasitol with a LD50 of 21.95 µg/mL . Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) induces fragmentations of DNA to oligonucleosomal-sized fragments that like a characteristic of apoptosis in the HL-60 cells .
Mammea A/BA has potent activity against Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Mammea A/BA induces mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA fragmentation, and increases number of acidic vacuoles. Mammea A/BA can induce apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. Mammea A/BA can be used for researching chagas disease .
MMP-2/9-IN-1 (Compound 4a) is a potent dual MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitor with IC50 values of 56 nM and 38 nM, respectively. MMP-2/9-IN-1 inhibits tumor growth, strongly induces cancer cell apoptosis, inhibits cell migration, and suppresses cell cycle progression leading to DNA fragmentation .
(-)-Eleutherin is a pyranonaphthoquinone derivative that exhibits cytotoxic activity by inhibiting DNA topoisomerase II. (-)-Eleutherin has been shown to have promising potential as a medicinal compound due to its association with naphthoquinones. (-)-Eleutherin demonstrates significant DNA fragmentation rates, indicating its strong cytotoxic effects on cells. Additionally, (-)-Eleutherin possesses higher antioxidant potential compared to control samples, contributing to its therapeutic efficacy.
S-(N-PhenethylthiocarbaMoyl)-L-cysteine (PEITC-Cys), an anticarcinogenic agent, has antileukemic activity. S-(N-PhenethylthiocarbaMoyl)-L-cysteine inhibits DNA synthesis in HL60 cells . S-(N-PhenethylthiocarbaMoyl)-L-cysteine is a P450 inhibitor .
SL-017 is a novel photoacoustic sensitizer and a derivative of photofrin B. It can be taken up by cells to the maximum extent within 30 minutes and is mainly localized in mitochondria. After being activated by visible light or ultrasound, SL-017 can significantly increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Low concentrations of SL-017 can rapidly cause the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. SL-017 can also cause mitochondrial fragmentation, a process that occurs after the loss of membrane potential. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) can alleviate the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by SL-017, but the antioxidant ascorbic acid has no such effect. These characteristics indicate that SL-017 mainly targets mitochondria and exerts its cytotoxic effect by triggering the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, generating ROS, and causing mitochondrial fragmentation. As a novel photoacoustic sensitizer, SL-017 has potential application value in photodynamic therapy and sonodynamic therapy.
Dynole 34-2 is a dynamin GTPase inhibitor (IC50s=6.9 and 14.2 µM for dynamin1 and dynamin2 GTPase activity, respectively) with antimitotic effect. Dynole 34-2 induces apoptosis, as revealed by cell blebbing, DNA fragmentation, and PARP cleavage . Dynole 34-2 also potently inhibits receptor mediated endocytosis (RME) .
20-5,14-HEDE is an analog of 20-HETE with anti-apoptosis activity. 20-5,14-HEDE can inhibit the increase of caspase-3 expression level and DNA fragmentation in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAECs) under serum starvation conditions, thereby reducing cell apoptosis. 20-5,14-HEDE can be used in the study of cardiovascular diseases .
Repinotan (BAY x 3702 free base) is a potent, selective, brain-penetrant and orally active 5-HT1A receptor agonist, with Ki values of 0.19 nM (calf hippocampus), 0.25 nM (rat and human cortex), and 0.59 nM (rat hippocampus). Repinotan has a weak affinity for other related receptors. Repinotan has pronounced neuroprotective effects .
4-Methoxycinnamyl alcohol is an anticancer compound with cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, HeLa, and DU145 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 14.24, 7.82, and 22.10 μg/mL, respectively. 4-Methoxycinnamyl alcohol showed the ability to induce cell necrosis, rather than apoptosis, after a 48-hour DNA fragmentation assay. 4-Methoxycinnamyl alcohol was isolated from Foeniculum vulgare .
Trovafloxacin is a broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic organisms. Trovafloxacin blocks the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV activity. Trovafloxacin is also a potent, selective and orally active pannexin 1 channel (PANX1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for PANX1 inward current. Trovafloxacin does not inhibit connexin 43 gap junction or PANX2. Trovafloxacin leads to dysregulated fragmentation of apoptotic cells by inhibiting PANX1 .
Trovafloxacin mesylate is a broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic organisms. Trovafloxacin mesylate blocks the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV activity. Trovafloxacin mesylate is also a potent, selective and orally active pannexin 1 channel (PANX1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for PANX1 inward current. Trovafloxacin mesylate does not inhibit connexin 43 gap junction or PANX2. Trovafloxacin mesylate leads to dysregulated fragmentation of apoptotic cells by inhibiting PANX1 .
KT5823, a selective the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor with an Ki value of 0.23 μM, it also inhibits PKA and PKC with Ki values of 10 μM and 4 μM, respectively. KT5823 is a Staurosporine-related protein kinase inhibitor, increases thyroid-stimulating hormone-induced (Na +/I - symporter) NIS expression, and iodide uptake in thyroid cells. KT5823 arrests cells after the G0/G1 boundary and causes increases in the levels of apoptotic DNA fragmentation .
Trovafloxacin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Trovafloxacin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Trovafloxacin is a broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic organisms. Trovafloxacin blocks the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV activity. Trovafloxacin is also a potent, selective and orally active pannexin 1 channel (PANX1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 μM for PANX1 inward current. Trovafloxacin does not inhibit connexin 43 gap junction or PANX2. Trovafloxacin leads to dysregulated fragmentation of apoptotic cells by inhibiting PANX1 .
4-Nitrophenyl β-D-cellotetraoside (p-Nitopheyl β-D-cellotetaoside) is a small molecule cellulose mimetic consisting of a tetramer of D-glucose units linked by β-1-4 glycosidic bonds. The fragmentation pattern of 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-cellotetraoside after enzymatic hydrolysis can be analyzed by TLC or by the release of 4-nitrophenol, which has a strong absorbance at 395 nm in alkaline solutions. 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-cellotetraoside can be used in cellulose degradation studies to determine the specificity of cellulases .
Anticancer agent 157 (compound 15) is a NO inhibitor (IC50=0.62 μg/mL) with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Anticancer agent 157 can bind to iNOS (inducible NO synthase) and caspase 8, causing nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation, inducing apoptosis. Anticancer agent 157 inhibits HT29 colon cancer cells (IC50=2.45 μg/mL), Hep-G2 liver cancer cells (IC50=3.25 μg/mL), and B16-F10 murine melanoma cells (IC50=3.84 μg/mL) .
Antiproliferative agent-61 is a synthetic β-carlinyl chalcone with significant antiproliferative activity. Antiproliferative agent-61 showed significant effects in a range of solid tumor cell lines, with the most prominent effects in breast cancer. Antiproliferative agent-61 showed IC50 values of 2.25 and 3.29 μM in the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. Antiproliferative agent-61 significantly induced DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Antiproliferative agent-61 inhibited the interaction of MDM2 with p53 and promoted the degradation of MDM2 .
Apoptosis inducer 34 (Compound 4) is a small molecule compound that induces apoptosis by directly activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Apoptosis inducer 34 promotes Apaf-1 oligomerization to form mature apoptosomes, thereby activating caspase-9 and caspase-3. It significantly activates the apoptotic pathway in Jurkat cells by enhancing the cytochrome c-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway, inducing PARP cleavage and chromosomal DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, Apoptosis inducer 34 exhibits low toxicity to normal cells, demonstrating potential for selective targeting of cancer cells. Apoptosis inducer 34 is a promising candidate for studying cancer related to apoptotic pathways .
4-Nitrophenyl β-D-cellotetraoside (p-Nitopheyl β-D-cellotetaoside) is a small molecule cellulose mimetic consisting of a tetramer of D-glucose units linked by β-1-4 glycosidic bonds. The fragmentation pattern of 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-cellotetraoside after enzymatic hydrolysis can be analyzed by TLC or by the release of 4-nitrophenol, which has a strong absorbance at 395 nm in alkaline solutions. 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-cellotetraoside can be used in cellulose degradation studies to determine the specificity of cellulases .
Polymethacrylate Copolymer forms nanodiscs spontaneously by fragmentation or solubilization of the lipid bilayers.Polymethacrylate Copolymer is used in designing of nanodisc-forming polymer to mimic the amphiphilic nature of proteins and peptides .
NTPO trisodium is a DNA damage inducer, causing genomic DNA damage and fragmentation, activating ATR-mediated cell cycle checkpoints. The DNA damaging effects of NTPO trisodium are abrogated by base excision repair (BER) but not nucleotide excision repair (NER) .
Z-VEID-FMK (Z-VE(OMe)ID(OMe)-FMK) is a selective and irreversible caspase-6 peptide inhibitor. Z-VEID-FMK alleviates the S-(+)-ketamine-induced augmentation of caspase-6 activity, DNA fragmentation, and cell apoptosis .
Z-FF-FMK is a selective cathepsin-L inhibitor. Z-FF-FMK can prevent β-amyloid to induce apoptotic changes such as activation of caspase-3, cleavage of the DNA repair enzyme, poly-ADP ribose polymerase, and DNA fragmentation .
Echitamine (Ditaine) chloride is the major monoterpene indole alkaloid present in Alstonia scholaris with potent anti-tumour activity. Echitamine chloride induces DNA fragmentation and cells apoptosis. Echitamine chloride inhibits pancreatic lipase with an IC50 of 10.92 μM .
Ergothioneine is an imidazole-2-thione derivative with orally active histidine betaine. Ergothioneine is a specific inhibitor of p38-MAPK and Akt, which plays a protective role in cell apoptosis induced by stress. Ergothioneine has antioxidant activity .
Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) is isolated from Maackia amurensis Rupr.et Maxim. Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) is a larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti mosquito.xp Parasitol with a LD50 of 21.95 µg/mL . Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) induces fragmentations of DNA to oligonucleosomal-sized fragments that like a characteristic of apoptosis in the HL-60 cells .
Sideroxylin is a C-methylated flavone isolated from Callistemon lanceolatus and exerts antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Sideroxylin inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, causing DNA fragmentation, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) .
Neopetromin is a tripeptide with a rare heteroaromatic C-N cross-link between side chains of tryptophan and tyrosine. Neopetromin causes vacuole fragmentation in an actin-independent manner .
5-Geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin is a coumarin with anti-cancer, antifungal, and ?antibacterial?activities. 5-Geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin induces cell apoptosis .
Patuletin is a flavonol, that can be isolated from the flowers of Tagetes patula. Patuletin shows anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells. Patuletin causes significant nuclear fragmentation and has a great capacity to induce caspase-3 activation .
Macrocarpal C can be isolated from the 95 % ethanol extract of fresh leaves of E. globulus. Macrocarpal C inhibits the growth of T. mentagrophytes via an increase in the permeability of the fungal membrane. Macrocarpal C increases the production of intracellular ROS and? induces apoptosis as a consequence of DNA fragmentation .
Mammea A/BA has potent activity against Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Mammea A/BA induces mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA fragmentation, and increases number of acidic vacuoles. Mammea A/BA can induce apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. Mammea A/BA can be used for researching chagas disease .
DFF45/ICAD Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived DFF45/ICAD protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of DFF45/ICAD Protein, Human (His) is 331 a.a., with molecular weight of 40-50 kDa.
DFFA Protein is a heterodimeric complex of nuclease CAD and its specific inhibitor ICAD. DFFA Protein, Human (GST) is a substrate for caspase-3 that triggers DNA breakage during apoptosis. DFFA Protein, Human (GST) is the recombinant human-derived DFFA protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-GST labeled tag. The total length of DFFA Protein, Human (GST) is 331 a.a., with molecular weight of 63.6 kDa.
DFFA; DFF1; DFF45; H13; DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha; DNA fragmentation factor 45 kDa subunit; DFF-45; Inhibitor of CAD; ICAD
WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF, IP, FC
Human
ICAD Antibody (YA2262) is a rabbit-derived non-conjugated IgG antibody (Clone NO.: YA2262), targeting ICAD, with a predicted molecular weight of 37 kDa (observed band size: 37 kDa). ICAD Antibody (YA2262) can be used for WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF, IP, FC experiment in human background.
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