Search Result

Results for "

oxidative phosphorylation

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	Oxidative Phosphorylation (52) Adenosine Receptor (1) Akt (4) AMPK (3) Antibiotic (6) Apoptosis (12) ATP Synthase (2) Autophagy (13) Bacterial (14) Biochemical Assay Reagents (1) Casein Kinase (1) CCR (1) DNA/RNA Synthesis (1) Endogenous Metabolite (16) ERK (3) Ferroptosis (3) Fungal (8) HDAC (1) Histone Methyltransferase (2) HIV (2) HSP (2) IFNAR (1) Influenza Virus (1) JNK (2) Ketohexokinase (1) Mitochondrial Metabolism (25) Molecular Glues (1) mTOR (1) NO Synthase (2) p38 MAPK (5) Parasite (5) PINK1/Parkin (2) PKA (2) Potassium Channel (1) PPAR (3) PROTACs (1) Proteasome (1) Pyruvate Kinase (1) Raf (2) Reactive Oxygen Species (6) SOD (1) STAT (4) STING (1) Toll-like Receptor (TLR) (2) TRP Channel (1) URAT1 (1) Wnt (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (43) Cardiovascular Disease (8) Infection (18) Inflammation/Immunology (13) Metabolic Disease (23) Neurological Disease (6)

By Targets:

Oxidative Phosphorylation (52)

Adenosine Receptor (1)

Akt (4)

AMPK (3)

Antibiotic (6)

Apoptosis (12)

ATP Synthase (2)

Autophagy (13)

Bacterial (14)

Biochemical Assay Reagents (1)

Casein Kinase (1)

CCR (1)

DNA/RNA Synthesis (1)

Endogenous Metabolite (16)

ERK (3)

Ferroptosis (3)

Fungal (8)

HDAC (1)

Histone Methyltransferase (2)

HIV (2)

HSP (2)

IFNAR (1)

Influenza Virus (1)

JNK (2)

Ketohexokinase (1)

Mitochondrial Metabolism (25)

Molecular Glues (1)

mTOR (1)

NO Synthase (2)

p38 MAPK (5)

Parasite (5)

PINK1/Parkin (2)

PKA (2)

Potassium Channel (1)

PPAR (3)

PROTACs (1)

Proteasome (1)

Pyruvate Kinase (1)

Raf (2)

Reactive Oxygen Species (6)

SOD (1)

STAT (4)

STING (1)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) (2)

TRP Channel (1)

URAT1 (1)

Wnt (1)

By Research Areas:

Cancer (43)

Cardiovascular Disease (8)

Infection (18)

Inflammation/Immunology (13)

Metabolic Disease (23)

Neurological Disease (6)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Targets Recommended: Oxidative Phosphorylation DYRK

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-W128525

Menadiol Dihydrovitamin K3	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Others
Menadiol (Dihydrovitamin K3), a menaquinol analogue, is an electron donor for reversed oxidative phosphorylation in submitochondrial particles .

HY-W011711

Benzarone Fragivix	URAT1 Oxidative Phosphorylation Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease
Benzarone (Fragivix) is an oral inhibitor of human urate transporter 1 (hURAT1) with an IC₅₀ value of 2.8 μM, and it also acts as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Benzarone can cause liver damage and promote cell apoptosis and necrosis. Benzarone can be used to lower serum uric acid levels and for research in vascular diseases .

HY-134832

Mito-LND 2 Publications Verification Mito-Lonidamine	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species Autophagy	Cancer
Mito-LND (Mito-Lonidamine) is an orally active and mitochondria-targeted inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mito-LND inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics, stimulates the formation of reactive oxygen species, and induces autophagic cell death in lung cancer cells .

HY-129051

Amoscanate CGP4540	Parasite Oxidative Phosphorylation	Others
Amoscanate (cgp4540) is phenyl isothiocyanate in which the hydrogen at the para-position has been replaced by a 4-nitroanilinyl group. Amoscanate is an anti-schistosomal agent. Amoscanate, as an isothiocyanate compound and uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, potently injures rodent ependyma .

HY-N6782

Oligomycin 45+ Cited Publications	Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP Synthase Fungal Antibiotic	Infection Cancer
Oligomycin, an antifungal antibiotic, is an inhibitor of H ⁺-ATP-synthase. Oligomycin blocks oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. Oligomycin inhibits HIF-1alpha expression in hypoxic tumor cells .

HY-121292

Clidanac	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
Clidanac is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Clidanac can uncouple the oxidative phosphorylation and can be used for the research of rheumatoid arthritis .

HY-145304

DX3-235	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
DX3-235 is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. DX3-235 shows nanomolar inhibition of complex I function and ATP production in a galactose-containing medium resulting in significant cytotoxicity .

HY-111321

Fuscin	Oxidative Phosphorylation CCR HIV Bacterial Mitochondrial Metabolism Endogenous Metabolite	Infection Metabolic Disease
Fuscin, a fungal metabolite, CCR5 receptor antagonist with anti-HIV effects. Fuscin is a respiration and **oxidative phosphorylation** inhibitor, and also a mitochondrial SH-dependent transport-linked functions inhibitor .

HY-145306

DX3-234	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
DX3-234 is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. DX3-234 shows significant tumor suppression in the Pan02 syngeneic model of pancreatic cancer .

HY-165154

Cyclamidomycin Desdanine; Pyracrimycin A	Antibiotic Bacterial Fungal Pyruvate Kinase Oxidative Phosphorylation	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Cyclamidomycin (Desdanine) is an acrylamide antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Cyclamidomycin inhibits nucleoside diphosphate kinase and pyruvate kinase (in E. coli) and **oxidative phosphorylation** in rat liver mitochondria. Cyclamidomycin is active against S. aureus, M. flavus, S. lutea, B. subtilis, E. coli, S. flexneri, S. typhosa, P. vulgaris, and K. pneumoniae (MICs=3.12-25 mg/ml) .

HY-12406

VLX600	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism Autophagy	Cancer
VLX600 is an iron-chelating inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). VLX600 causes mitochondrial dysfunction and induces a strong shift to glycolysis. VLX600 displays selective cytotoxic activity against malignant cell and induces autophagy. Anticancer activity .

HY-136093A

Lixumistat acetate IM156; HL156A; HL271 acetate	Oxidative Phosphorylation AMPK	Neurological Disease Cancer
Lixumistat (IM156; HL156A; HL271) acetate, a chemical derivative of Metformin (HY-B0627), is a potent and orally active AMPK activator that increases AMPK phosphorylation. Lixumistat (acetate) attenuates aging-associated cognitive impairment in animal model . Lixumistat (acetate) is a potent oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor which can be used for the research of solid tumors .

HY-136093

Lixumistat hydrochloride HL271; IM156 hydrochloride; HL156A hydrochloride	Oxidative Phosphorylation AMPK	Neurological Disease Cancer
Lixumistat (HL271) hydrochloride (IM156 hydrochloride; HL156A hydrochloride), a chemical derivative of Metformin (HY-B0627), is a potent AMPK activator that increases AMPK phosphorylation. Lixumistat hydrochloride attenuates aging-associated cognitive impairment in animal model . Lixumistat hydrochloride is a potent oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor which can be used for the research of solid tumors .

HY-N7056

4'-Hydroxychalcone	Oxidative Phosphorylation Proteasome	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
4'-Hydroxychalcone is a chalcone isolated from licorice root, with hepatoprotective activity. 4'-Hydroxychalcone inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB activation via proteasome inhibition. 4'-Hydroxychalcone induces a rapid potassium release from mitochondrial vesicles and causes deterioration of respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat liver mitochondria .

HY-112037

IACS-010759 5+ Cited Publications IACS-10759	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis	Cancer
IACS-010759 is an orally active, potent *mitochondrial complex I of oxidative* phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. IACS-010759 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis** in models of brain cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) reliant on OXPHOS. IACS-010759 has the potential for relapsed/refractory AML and solid tumors research .

HY-112037A

IACS-010759 hydrochloride 5+ Cited Publications IACS-10759 hydrochloride	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis	Cancer
IACS-010759 hydrochlorideis an orally active, potent *mitochondrial complex I of oxidative* phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. IACS-010759 hydrochlorideinhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis** in models of brain cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) reliant on OXPHOS. IACS-010759 hydrochloride has the potential for relapsed/refractory AML and solid tumors research .

HY-154973

AMPK activator 11	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism AMPK	Metabolic Disease Cancer
AMPK activator 11 is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator with nanomolelevel antiproliferation activities against several CRCs. AMPK activator 11 selectively inhibits the RKO xenograft growth along by activating AMPK and upregulating oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) ( mitochondrial metabolism ) and can be used for anti-tumor and metabolic disease research .

HY-N8646

Isodonal	Others	Cancer
Isodonal is a N-pentane diterpene compound with potential cytotoxic, antitumor, inhibitory oxidative phosphorylation and antiingestion activities. Isodonal can be isolated from the leaves of Isodon wikstroemioides and is used in the study of gastrointestinal diseases, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory .

HY-155554

SCAL-255	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
SCAL-255 is a potent mitochondrial complex I (CI) inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 1.14 μM. SCAL-255 blocks mitochondrial function, inhibits OCR, induces ROS production, and reduces MMP. SCAL-255 displays a considerable antiproliferation effect against oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-dependent cancer cells .

HY-155555

SCAL-266	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
SCAL-266 is a potent mitochondrial complex I (CI) inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 0.83 μM. SCAL-266 blocks mitochondrial function, inhibits OCR, induces ROS production, and reduces MMP. SCAL-266 displays a considerable antiproliferation effect against oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-dependent cancer cells .

HY-110282

S3QEL-2	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Metabolic Disease
S3QEL-2, a suppressor of superoxide production from mitochondrial complex III, potently and selectively suppresses site IIIQo superoxide production (IC₅₀=1.7 μM). S3QEL-2 does not affect oxidative phosphorylation, and normal electron flux. S3QEL-2 inhibits HIF-1α accumulation .

HY-B2227

Lactate 5+ Cited Publications Lactic acid	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Lactate (Lactic acid) is a hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator and an epigenetic modulator inducing lysine residues lactylation. Lactate is a glycolysis end-product, bridging the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Lactate is an oncometabolite and has immune protective role of lactate in anti-tumor immunity .

HY-164445

STAT3-IN-32	STAT	Cancer
STAT3-IN-32 (compound 2p) is an orally active, potent STAT3 dual phosphorylation inhibitor with an indole-containing tetra-aromatic heterocycle scaffold. STAT3-IN-32 exhibits STAT3 luciferase inhibition activity using HEK293T cells with an IC₅₀ of 5.3 nM and ATP production inhibition activity using BxPC-3 cells with an IC₅₀ of 4.2 nM. STAT3-IN-32 significantly blocks p-Tyr705 and p-Ser727 and causes the abrogation of the corresponding nuclear transcription and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation functions of STAT3 by targeting the STAT3 SH2 domain (K_D=21.3 nM). STAT3-IN-32 exhibits significant suppressive effects in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model .

HY-B2227R

Lactate (Standard)	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Lactate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lactate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lactate (Lactic acid) is a hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator and an epigenetic modulator inducing lysine residues lactylation. Lactate is a glycolysis end-product, bridging the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Lactate is an oncometabolite and has immune protective role of lactate in anti-tumor immunity .

HY-100941

CCCP Maximum Cited Publications 89 Publications Verification Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenylhydrazone	Oxidative Phosphorylation PINK1/Parkin STING IFNAR Mitochondrial Metabolism Bacterial Apoptosis	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
CCCP is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) uncoupler. CCCP induces activation of PINK1 leading to Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation .

HY-100410

FCCP 50+ Cited Publications Carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone	Oxidative Phosphorylation PINK1/Parkin Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
FCCP is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria. FCCP induces activation of PINK1 leading to Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation .

HY-110284

BAM 15 3 Publications Verification	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Others
BAM 15 is a mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler. BAM 15 is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) uncoupler .

HY-17598

Rafoxanide 3 Publications Verification	Oxidative Phosphorylation Parasite p38 MAPK Raf Apoptosis	Infection Cancer
Rafoxanide is a poent, orally active halogenated salicylaniline agent with antiparasitic activity. Rafoxanide interferes with energy metabolism in trematodes by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Rafoxanide is also found to be a potent inhibitor of the BRAF V600E mutant protein, which is important in colorectal cancer. Rafoxanide can be used for the control of infestation with Hemonchus species or Fasciola species in sheep and cattle as well as Oestrus ovis in sheep. Rafoxanide can also be used for cancer research .

HY-158421

MS-L6	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
MS-L6 is a potent inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) that can acts as electron transport chain complexes I (ETC-I) combining inhibition of NADH oxidation and uncoupling effect .

HY-111651

Gboxin 3 Publications Verification	Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP Synthase Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
Gboxin is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor that targets glioblastoma. Gboxin inhibits the activity of F₀F₁ ATP synthase. Antitumour activity .

HY-136394

Diafenthiuron	Others	Others
Diafenthiuron is a thiourea compound commonly used a broad-spectrum insecticide and acaricide. Diafenthiuron disturbs the insect respiratory system by inhibiting the oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ATP synthesis .

HY-145303

DX2-201	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
DX2-201 is a potent and selective oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 312 nM. DX2-201 has anticancer effects .

HY-N1966

(E)-Osmundacetone 2 Publications Verification	p38 MAPK JNK ERK	Neurological Disease
(E)-Osmundacetone is the isomer of Osmundacetone. Osmundacetone significantly suppresses the phosphorylation of MAPKs, including JNK, ERK, and p38 kinases. Osmundacetone has a neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress .

HY-17594

Oxyclozanide 1 Publications Verification	Oxidative Phosphorylation Parasite Bacterial Fungal	Infection
Oxyclozanide is an orally active salicylanilide anthelmintic agent that mainly acts by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in flukes. Oxyclozanide shows good anti-adenovirus, anti-biofilm, antifungal, and antibacterial activity .

HY-159728

PROTAC PRMT3 degrader 1	Histone Methyltransferase PROTACs	Cancer
PROTAC PRMT3 degrader 1 (compound 11) is a PROTAC degrader targeting PRMT3. PROTAC PRMT3 degrader 1 can inhibit the growth of acute leukemia cells .

HY-113076

Thiamine pyrophosphate	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Thiamine pyrophosphate is the coenzyme form of Vitamin B1, and is a required intermediate in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Thiamine pyrophosphate is necessary for oxidative phosphorylation and the pentose phosphate pathway by acting as a cofactor for α-ketoacid dehydrogenases .

HY-119751

Hematein 1 Publications Verification	Casein Kinase Akt Wnt Apoptosis	Cancer
Hematein is a oxidation product of hematoxylin acted as a dye . Hematein is an allosteric casein kinase II inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.74 μM. Hematein inhibits Akt/PKB Ser129 phosphorylation, the Wnt/TCF pathway and increases apoptosis in lung cancer cells .

HY-B1729

Phenoxyethanol	Oxidative Phosphorylation Bacterial	Infection
Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al .

HY-149987

LY3522348 KHK-IN-3	Ketohexokinase	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
KHK-IN-3 (Example 1) is a ketohexokinase (KHK) inhibitor. KHK-IN-3 can be used in the study of kidney disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), diabetes and heart failure. KHK is a rate-limiting enzyme and fructokinase involved in fructose metabolism. KHK catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose to fructose-1-phosphate (FIP) at the expense of ATP. The lack of feedback inhibition of fructose metabolism triggers the accumulation of downstream intermediates such as lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and oxidative phosphorylation .

HY-144311

OXPHOS-IN-1	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
OXPHOS-IN-1 (compound 2) is a oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. OXPHOS-IN-1 inhibits the cells growth of MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3 cells with IC₅₀s of 2.34 μM and 13.82 μM, respectively .

HY-17594R

Oxyclozanide (Standard)	Oxidative Phosphorylation Parasite Bacterial Fungal	Infection
Oxyclozanide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oxyclozanide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oxyclozanide is an orally active salicylanilide anthelmintic agent that mainly acts by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in flukes. Oxyclozanide shows good anti-adenovirus, anti-biofilm, antifungal, and antibacterial activity .

HY-159732

PRMT3-IN-4	Histone Methyltransferase	Cancer
PRMT3-IN-4 (intermediate 15) is a protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) inhibitor. PRMT3-IN-4 is an active control for HY-19715. PRMT3-IN-4 can be used to synthesize PROTACs targeting PRMT3. PRMT3-IN-4 can be used in leukemia-related research .

HY-153392

TYA-018	Oxidative Phosphorylation HDAC	Cardiovascular Disease
TYA-018 is an orally active, potent and highly selective HDAC6 inhibitor. TYA-018 can protect heart function in mice. TYA-018 also enhances energetics in mice by increasing expression of targets associated with fatty acid metabolism, protein metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation .

HY-136093B

Lixumistat IM156 free base; HL156A free base; HL271 free base	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
Lixumistat (IM156) is a novel biguanide mitochondrial protein complex 1 inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) with anti-tumor activity. Lixumistat regulates OXPHOS to attenuate mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and inhibit lung fibrosis. Lixumistat also suppresses B-cell activation to alleviate systemic lupus erythematosus .

HY-N2118

Bilobetin 1 Publications Verification	PPAR PKA Akt p38 MAPK ERK	Metabolic Disease
Bilobetin, an active component of Ginkgo biloba, can reduce blood lipids and improve the effects of insulin. Bilobetin ameliorated insulin resistance, increased the hepatic uptake and oxidation of lipids, reduced very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride secretion and blood triglyceride levels, enhanced the expression and activity of enzymes involved in β-oxidation and attenuated the accumulation of triglycerides and their metabolites in tissues. Bilobetin also increased the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and activity of PPARα accompanied by elevated cAMP level and PKA activity .

HY-B0831

Buprofezin	Oxidative Phosphorylation Reactive Oxygen Species	Others
Buprofezin is a broad-spectrum insecticide and chitin synthesis inhibitor that targets developmental stage coleopteran pests.Buprofezin promotes the conversion of energy metabolism from the aerobic tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis. Buprofezin also promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase .

HY-B1729S

Phenoxyethanol-d2	Antibiotic	Infection
Phenoxyethanol-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Phenoxyethanol[1]. Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al[2].

HY-B1729S1

Phenoxyethanol-d4	Bacterial	Infection
Phenoxyethanol-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Phenoxyethanol[1]. Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al[2].

HY-B1729R

Phenoxyethanol (Standard)	Oxidative Phosphorylation Bacterial	Infection
Phenoxyethanol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenoxyethanol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al .

HY-113076R

Thiamine pyrophosphate (Standard)	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Thiamine pyrophosphate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Thiamine pyrophosphate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Thiamine pyrophosphate is the coenzyme form of Vitamin B1, and is a required intermediate in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Thiamine pyrophosphate is necessary for oxidative phosphorylation and the pentose phosphate pathway by acting as a cofactor for α-ketoacid dehydrogenases .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L148

TCA Cycle Compound Library

66 compounds

The TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)—is also known as the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle (CAC). The TCA cycle is a series of chemical reactions that release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA in carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

For decades, the TCA cycle has been considered as the central pathway for cell oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy and biosynthesis. Research shows that TCA cycle is associated with many diseases, especially cancer. In colon carcinoma, liver cancer and other cancers, there are mutations that lead to the imbalance of TCA cycle metabolites, indicating that TCA cycle may be related to the occurrence of cancer. Understanding the role and molecular mechanism of TCA cycle in inhibiting or promoting cancer progression will promote the development of new metabolite-based cancer treatment methods in the future.

MCE supplies a unique collection of 66 compounds related to the TCA cycle. MCE TCA Cycle Compound Library is a useful tool for the TCA cycle related research and anti-cancer drug development.

HY-L092

Glucose Metabolism Compound Library

1,072 compounds

Glucose homeostasis is tightly regulated to meet the energy requirements of the vital organs and maintain an individual’s health. Glucose metabolism includes glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and other metabolic pathways. Glucose is the major carbon source that provides the main energy for life. Glucose metabolism dysregulation is also implicated in many diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, neurodegenerative diseases and even cancer.

MCE offers a unique collection of 1,072 compounds related to glucose metabolism, which target glucose metabolism related targets, such as GLUT, Hexokinase, Pyruvate Kinase, IDH, etc. MCE glucose metabolism library is a powerful tool for studying glucose metabolism and drug discovery of diseases related to glucose metabolism.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-113596A

Acetyl coenzyme A lithium

Acetyl-CoA lithium

Drug Delivery

Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) lithium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A lithium, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A lithium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P10586A

Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 TFA MALP-2 TFA	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NO Synthase	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 TFA is an agonist of Toll like receptors TLR-2/TLR-6. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 enhances endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and endothelial cell release of NO, thereby improving vasodilation. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 enhances endothelial adhesion of white blood cells and improve perfusion recovery and collateral growth in the hind limbs of hypercholesterolemic Apoe deficient mice undergoing experimental femoral artery ligation (FAL) .

HY-P10586

Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 MALP-2	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NO Synthase	Cardiovascular Disease
Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 (MALP-2) is an agonist of Toll like receptors TLR-2/TLR-6. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 can enhance endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and endothelial cell release of NO, thereby improving vasodilation. Macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 can enhance endothelial adhesion of white blood cells and improve perfusion recovery and collateral growth in the hind limbs of hypercholesterolemic Apoe deficient mice undergoing experimental femoral artery ligation (FAL) .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-N6782

Oligomycin Maximum Cited Publications 47 Publications Verification	Infection Structural Classification Microorganisms Antifungal Macrolide Antibiotics Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Source classification Disease Research Anticancer Disease Research Fields	Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP Synthase Fungal Antibiotic
Oligomycin, an antifungal antibiotic, is an inhibitor of H ⁺-ATP-synthase. Oligomycin blocks oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. Oligomycin inhibits HIF-1alpha expression in hypoxic tumor cells .

HY-N7056

4'-Hydroxychalcone	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Source classification Plants Endogenous metabolite Chalcones Monophenols Flavonoids Leguminosae Phenols Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.	Oxidative Phosphorylation Proteasome
4'-Hydroxychalcone is a chalcone isolated from licorice root, with hepatoprotective activity. 4'-Hydroxychalcone inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB activation via proteasome inhibition. 4'-Hydroxychalcone induces a rapid potassium release from mitochondrial vesicles and causes deterioration of respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat liver mitochondria .

HY-B2227

Lactate 5+ Cited Publications Lactic acid	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Lactate (Lactic acid) is a hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator and an epigenetic modulator inducing lysine residues lactylation. Lactate is a glycolysis end-product, bridging the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Lactate is an oncometabolite and has immune protective role of lactate in anti-tumor immunity .

HY-N1966

(E)-Osmundacetone 2 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Microorganisms Source classification Phenols Polyphenols	p38 MAPK JNK ERK
(E)-Osmundacetone is the isomer of Osmundacetone. Osmundacetone significantly suppresses the phosphorylation of MAPKs, including JNK, ERK, and p38 kinases. Osmundacetone has a neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress .

HY-113076

Thiamine pyrophosphate	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Thiamine pyrophosphate is the coenzyme form of Vitamin B1, and is a required intermediate in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Thiamine pyrophosphate is necessary for oxidative phosphorylation and the pentose phosphate pathway by acting as a cofactor for α-ketoacid dehydrogenases .

HY-B1729

Phenoxyethanol	Microorganisms Source classification	Oxidative Phosphorylation Bacterial
Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al .

HY-111321

Fuscin	Quinones Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Naphthalene Quinones Disease Research Fields	Oxidative Phosphorylation CCR HIV Bacterial Mitochondrial Metabolism Endogenous Metabolite
Fuscin, a fungal metabolite, CCR5 receptor antagonist with anti-HIV effects. Fuscin is a respiration and **oxidative phosphorylation** inhibitor, and also a mitochondrial SH-dependent transport-linked functions inhibitor .

HY-165154

Cyclamidomycin Desdanine; Pyracrimycin A	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Source classification	Antibiotic Bacterial Fungal Pyruvate Kinase Oxidative Phosphorylation
Cyclamidomycin (Desdanine) is an acrylamide antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Cyclamidomycin inhibits nucleoside diphosphate kinase and pyruvate kinase (in E. coli) and **oxidative phosphorylation** in rat liver mitochondria. Cyclamidomycin is active against S. aureus, M. flavus, S. lutea, B. subtilis, E. coli, S. flexneri, S. typhosa, P. vulgaris, and K. pneumoniae (MICs=3.12-25 mg/ml) .

HY-N8646

Isodonal	Structural Classification Terpenoids Labiatae Source classification Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. Diterpenoids Plants	Others
Isodonal is a N-pentane diterpene compound with potential cytotoxic, antitumor, inhibitory oxidative phosphorylation and antiingestion activities. Isodonal can be isolated from the leaves of Isodon wikstroemioides and is used in the study of gastrointestinal diseases, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory .

HY-B2227R

Lactate (Standard)	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Endogenous Metabolite
Lactate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lactate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lactate (Lactic acid) is a hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator and an epigenetic modulator inducing lysine residues lactylation. Lactate is a glycolysis end-product, bridging the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Lactate is an oncometabolite and has immune protective role of lactate in anti-tumor immunity .

HY-N2118

Bilobetin 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Flavonoids Ginkgoaceae Classification of Application Fields Source classification Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Plants Biflavones Ginkgo biloba Disease Research Fields	PPAR PKA Akt p38 MAPK ERK
Bilobetin, an active component of Ginkgo biloba, can reduce blood lipids and improve the effects of insulin. Bilobetin ameliorated insulin resistance, increased the hepatic uptake and oxidation of lipids, reduced very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride secretion and blood triglyceride levels, enhanced the expression and activity of enzymes involved in β-oxidation and attenuated the accumulation of triglycerides and their metabolites in tissues. Bilobetin also increased the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and activity of PPARα accompanied by elevated cAMP level and PKA activity .

HY-B1729R

Phenoxyethanol (Standard)	Microorganisms Source classification	Oxidative Phosphorylation Bacterial
Phenoxyethanol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenoxyethanol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al .

HY-113076R

Thiamine pyrophosphate (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Endogenous Metabolite
Thiamine pyrophosphate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Thiamine pyrophosphate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Thiamine pyrophosphate is the coenzyme form of Vitamin B1, and is a required intermediate in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Thiamine pyrophosphate is necessary for oxidative phosphorylation and the pentose phosphate pathway by acting as a cofactor for α-ketoacid dehydrogenases .

HY-N7133

Diphenylamine hydrochloride N-Phenylaniline hydrochloride	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Other Diseases Amberboa moschata (L.) DC. Umbelliferae Plants Disease Research Fields	Fungal Bacterial
Diphenylamine hydrochloride (N-Phenylaniline hydrochloride) is an antihyperglycemic agent with oral activity and a common structure in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, leading to a decrease in hepatic cell ATP levels and causing liver cell damage. Diphenylamine hydrochloride is also an industrial antioxidant, a dyeing mordant, and is used in agriculture as an antifungal and antibacterial agent .

HY-113469A

Cyclic GMP sodium 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite
Cyclic GMP sodium (cGMP) is an important regulator of short-term changes in smooth muscle tone and longer-term responses to chronic drug research or proliferative signals, it is in response to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or nitric oxide (NO). Cyclic GMP sodium interacts with cation channels to regulate ion transport or activate the cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase to result in protein phosphorylation .

HY-114293

Acetyl coenzyme A Acetyl-CoA	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Oxidative Phosphorylation Endogenous Metabolite Autophagy
Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis .

HY-N2118R

Bilobetin (Standard)	Structural Classification Flavonoids Ginkgoaceae Source classification Phenols Polyphenols Plants Biflavones Ginkgo biloba	PPAR PKA Akt p38 MAPK ERK
Bilobetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bilobetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bilobetin, an active component of Ginkgo biloba, can reduce blood lipids and improve the effects of insulin. Bilobetin ameliorated insulin resistance, increased the hepatic uptake and oxidation of lipids, reduced very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride secretion and blood triglyceride levels, enhanced the expression and activity of enzymes involved in β-oxidation and attenuated the accumulation of triglycerides and their metabolites in tissues. Bilobetin also increased the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and activity of PPARα accompanied by elevated cAMP level and PKA activity .

HY-N6790

Nonactin Ammonium ionophore I	Infection Structural Classification Microorganisms Macrolide Antibiotics Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Source classification Disease Research Anticancer Disease Research Fields	Oxidative Phosphorylation Potassium Channel Mitochondrial Metabolism Bacterial Influenza Virus Apoptosis Antibiotic HSP
Nonactin is a naturally occurring macrotetrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus. Nonactin acts as an ionophore for monovalent cations, including K ⁺, and NH₄ ⁺ . Nonactin is able to uncouple the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of mitochondria. Nonactin selectively induces apoptosis in cell lines harboring active mutant β-catenin . Nonactin inhibits the surface expression of endogenous HSP60 .

HY-113596

Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium 2 Publications Verification Acetyl-CoA trisodium	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Oxidative Phosphorylation Endogenous Metabolite Autophagy
Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) trisodium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A trisodium, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis .

HY-114293A

Acetyl coenzyme A trilithium Acetyl-CoA trilithium	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Oxidative Phosphorylation Endogenous Metabolite Autophagy
Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) trilithium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A trilithium regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A trilithium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis .

HY-N6687

Calcimycin 5+ Cited Publications A-23187; Antibiotic A-23187	Infection Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Source classification Antibacterial Disease Research Disease Research Fields Polyether Antibiotics	Oxidative Phosphorylation Bacterial Fungal Apoptosis Autophagy Antibiotic
Calcimycin (A-23187) is an antibiotic and a unique divalent cation ionophore (like calcium and magnesium). Calcimycin induces Ca ²⁺-dependent cell death by increasing intracellular calcium concentration. Calcimycin inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and some fungi. Calcimycin also inhibits the activity of ATPase and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of mammalian cells. Calcimycin induces apoptosis .

HY-N6687A

Calcimycin hemicalcium salt A-23187 hemicalcium salt; Antibiotic A-23187 hemicalcium salt	Infection Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Source classification Antibacterial Disease Research Disease Research Fields Polyether Antibiotics	Oxidative Phosphorylation Bacterial Fungal Apoptosis Autophagy Antibiotic
Calcimycin hemicalcium salt (A-23187 hemicalcium salt) is an antibiotic and a unique divalent cation ionophore (like calcium and magnesium). Calcimycin hemicalcium salt induces Ca ²⁺-dependent cell death by increasing intracellular calcium concentration. Calcimycin hemicalcium salt inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and some fungi. Calcimycin hemicalcium salt also inhibits the activity of ATPase and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of mammalian cells. Calcimycin hemicalcium salt induces apoptosis .

HY-114293R

Acetyl coenzyme A (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Oxidative Phosphorylation Endogenous Metabolite Autophagy
Acetyl coenzyme A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Acetyl coenzyme A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis [4].

HY-N9541

Chaetoglobosin Vb	Structural Classification Alkaloids Microorganisms Pyrrole Alkaloids Source classification	Others
Chaetoglobosin Vb is a novel cytotoxic alkaloid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Chaetoglobosin Vb can inhibit oxidative stress induced by LPS stimulation, reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and increase the expression of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Chaetoglobosin Vb significantly reduced the gene and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induced by LPS, and alleviated the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Chaetoglobosin Vb exerts its biological activity through the TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent signaling pathway and the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway, which is specifically manifested by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK MAPK and the translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit to the nucleus. Chaetoglobosin Vb showed no cytotoxic effect in the concentration range of 25-100 μM and promoted SOD enzyme activity and phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK in a dose-dependent manner .

HY-113491

3-Phosphoglyceric acid	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Biochemical Assay Reagents
3-Phosphoglyceric acid is a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin cycle. 3-Phosphoglyceric acid is involved in alveolar macrophage epigenetic regulation.

HY-113596R

Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Oxidative Phosphorylation Endogenous Metabolite Autophagy
Acetyl Coenzyme A (trisodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Acetyl Coenzyme A (trisodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) trisodium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A trisodium, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis [4].

HY-W012722

4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid 1 Publications Verification α-Ketoisocaproic acid	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Immune System Disorder Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Disease markers Endogenous metabolite	Endogenous Metabolite Autophagy mTOR SOD
4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid (α-Ketoisocaproic acid) is a metabolite of L-leucine and is involved in energy metabolism. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid increases endoplasmic reticulum stress, promotes lipid accumulation in preadipocytes and insulin resistance by impairing mTOR and autophagy signaling pathways. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid also causes oxidative damage, leading to cognitive deficits, inhibits α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity, acts as an oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler and metabolic inhibitor. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid acts as a nutrient signal and stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid can be used in the study of maple syrup urine disease .

HY-N0092R

Inosine (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Source classification Endogenous metabolite	Adenosine Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
Inosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Inosine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A₁ (A₁R) and A_2A (A_2AR) receptors . In Vitro:Inosine dose-dependently stimulates cAMP production mediated through the A_2AR . Inosine dose-dependently induces hA_2AR-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation . Inosine (100 μM; 24 hours) reduces oxidative stress in MES 23.5 cells cultured with astrocytes . In Vivo:Inosine (10-100 mg/kg; i.p.) exhibits antinociceptive effect in mice .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-B1729S

Phenoxyethanol-d2

Phenoxyethanol-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Phenoxyethanol[1]. Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al[2].

HY-B1729S1

Phenoxyethanol-d4

Phenoxyethanol-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Phenoxyethanol[1]. Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al[2].

HY-B0831S

Buprofezin-d6

Buprofezin-d₆ is the deuterium labeled Buprofezin. Buprofezin is a broad-spectrum insecticide and chitin synthesis inhibitor that targets developmental stage coleopteran pests.Buprofezin promotes the conversion of energy metabolism from the aerobic tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis. Buprofezin also promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase[1][2].

HY-13653S

(+/-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-13C3

(+/-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate- ¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate is a tea flavonoid with potent antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate is reported to inhibit EGFR signaling and thereby exert anticancer effects[1]. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) inhibitor. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by activating cytochrome c oxidase.

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