Indomethacin (Synonyms: Indometacin)

Name: Indomethacin
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-14397
Rating: 5.0 (40 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-14397 Purity: 99.91%: FAQs
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Indomethacin (Indometacin) is a potent, orally active COX1/2 inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 18 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Indomethacin has anticancer activity and anti-infective activity. Indomethacin can be used for cancer, inflammation and viral infection research.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Indomethacin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 53-86-1

Size	Price	Stock	Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	USD 61	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	USD 61	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
100 mg	USD 30	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
500 mg	USD 55	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
1 g	USD 66	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
5 g	USD 106	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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Customer Review

Based on 40 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Indomethacin:

40 Publications Citing Use of MCE Indomethacin

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•Related Screening Libraries:

•Related Small Molecules:

•Related Proteins:

View All COX Isoform Specific Products:

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COX COX-1 COX-2 COX-3

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Aminoglycoside Glycopeptide Lipopeptide Macrolide Oxazolidinone Quinolone Tetracycline β-lactam

Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
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Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]

Human COX-1

18 nM (IC₅₀, in CHO cells)

Human COX-2

26 nM (IC₅₀, in CHO cells)

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
2008	IC₅₀	12.6 μM Compound: indometacin	Inhibition of MRP1 expressed in human 2008 cells assessed as calcein AM accumulation by cell based assay Inhibition of MRP1 expressed in human 2008 cells assessed as calcein AM accumulation by cell based assay	[PMID: 21354800]
A549	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20583750]
A549	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Indometacin	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32987314]
A549	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Indometacin	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32987314]
A549	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Indometacin	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32987314]
A549	IC₅₀	40.6 μM Compound: indomethacin	Inhibition of mPGES-1 in human IL-1beta-stimulated A549 cell microsomes assessed as inhibition of PGE2 formation from PGH2 after 15 mins by RP-HPLC analysis Inhibition of mPGES-1 in human IL-1beta-stimulated A549 cell microsomes assessed as inhibition of PGE2 formation from PGH2 after 15 mins by RP-HPLC analysis	[PMID: 22992107]
Bel-7402	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay	[PMID: 28301815]
Bel7402/5-FU	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402/5-FU cells after 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402/5-FU cells after 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay	[PMID: 28301815]
BJ	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: C	Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells after 72 hrs by luminescence assay Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells after 72 hrs by luminescence assay	[PMID: 20129783]
BV-2	IC₅₀	34.5 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antineuroinflammatory activity in human BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production preincubated for 10 mins followed by LPS stimulation for 24 hrs by Griess assay Antineuroinflammatory activity in human BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production preincubated for 10 mins followed by LPS stimulation for 24 hrs by Griess assay	[PMID: 27120704]
BV-2	IC₅₀	35.7 μM Compound: indomethacin	Inhibition of LPS-activated nitric oxide production in mouse BV2 cells pre-treated for 60 mins before LPS challenge for 24 hrs by Griess assay Inhibition of LPS-activated nitric oxide production in mouse BV2 cells pre-treated for 60 mins before LPS challenge for 24 hrs by Griess assay	[PMID: 26348503]
BV-2	IC₅₀	7.1 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess assay	[PMID: 24042007]
CHO	IC₅₀	0.026 μM Compound: Indomethacin	In vitro inhibition of PGE-2 produced by arachidonic acid-stimulated CHO cells stably expressing human Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 In vitro inhibition of PGE-2 produced by arachidonic acid-stimulated CHO cells stably expressing human Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	[PMID: 9873621]
CHO	IC₅₀	0.049 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Inhibition of PGE-2 production by arachidonic acid-stimulated CHO cells expressing human Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 Inhibition of PGE-2 production by arachidonic acid-stimulated CHO cells expressing human Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	10.1016/S0960-894X(96)00501-X
CHO	IC₅₀	25 μM Compound: 5	Modulation of gamma-secretase-mediated cleavage of human APP expressed in CHO cells with human presenilin-1 assessed as inhibition of amyloid beta42 production after 24 hrs by ELISA Modulation of gamma-secretase-mediated cleavage of human APP expressed in CHO cells with human presenilin-1 assessed as inhibition of amyloid beta42 production after 24 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 20503989]
CHO	IC₅₀	25 μM Compound: 2	Modulation of gamma-secretase expressed in CHO cells co-expressing human APP and wild type human presenilin-1 assessed as inhibition of amyloid beta42 production by ELISA Modulation of gamma-secretase expressed in CHO cells co-expressing human APP and wild type human presenilin-1 assessed as inhibition of amyloid beta42 production by ELISA	[PMID: 21873070]
COS-7	IC₅₀	> 1000 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey COS7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey COS7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32527536]
CV-1	EC₅₀	50 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Activation of GAL4 fused human PPARgamma ligand binding domain transfected in african green monkey CV1 cells by CAT reporter assay Activation of GAL4 fused human PPARgamma ligand binding domain transfected in african green monkey CV1 cells by CAT reporter assay	[PMID: 16643023]
DU-145	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 4; Ind	Antiproliferative activity against human DU-145 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human DU-145 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 36257283]
Erythrocyte	IC₅₀	0.086 μg/mL Compound: Indomethacin	Hemolytic activity in human RBC assessed as membrane mortification by absorbance method Hemolytic activity in human RBC assessed as membrane mortification by absorbance method	[PMID: 29803359]
Erythrocyte	IC₅₀	40 μg/mL Compound: Indomethacin	Anti-inflammatory activity in human RBC assessed as inhibition of hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis after 10 mins by spectrophotometric method Anti-inflammatory activity in human RBC assessed as inhibition of hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis after 10 mins by spectrophotometric method	[PMID: 30108882]
Erythrocyte	IC₅₀	40.04 μg/mL Compound: Indomethacin	Anti-inflammatory activity in human RBC assessed as inhibition of hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis after 10 mins by spectrophotometric method Anti-inflammatory activity in human RBC assessed as inhibition of hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis after 10 mins by spectrophotometric method	[PMID: 30108827]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	136.8 μM Compound: INDO	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 30996776]
HCT-15	IC₅₀	> 1000 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Anticancer activity against human HCT15 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human HCT15 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32527536]
HEK293	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: C	Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells after 72 hrs by luminescence assay Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells after 72 hrs by luminescence assay	[PMID: 20129783]
HEK293	IC₅₀	> 500 μM Compound: indomethacin	Inhibition of human MATE1-mediated ASP+ uptake expressed in HEK293 cells after 1.5 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of human MATE1-mediated ASP+ uptake expressed in HEK293 cells after 1.5 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 23241029]
HEK293	IC₅₀	12 μM Compound: Indometacin	Inhibition of human liver OATP1B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in E17-betaG uptake by scintillation counting Inhibition of human liver OATP1B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in E17-betaG uptake by scintillation counting	[PMID: 22541068]
HEK293	IC₅₀	140 μM Compound: Indometacin	Inhibition of human liver OATP2B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E3S uptake incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting Inhibition of human liver OATP2B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E3S uptake incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting	[PMID: 22541068]
HEK293	IC₅₀	41 μM Compound: Indometacin	Inhibition of human liver OATP1B3 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E17-betaG uptake incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting Inhibition of human liver OATP1B3 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E17-betaG uptake incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting	[PMID: 22541068]
HeLa	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Indometacin	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32987314]
HeLa	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Indometacin	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32987314]
HeLa	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Indometacin	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32987314]
HeLa	EC₅₀	0.14 nM Compound: 1, IMN	Agonist activity at androgen receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HeLa cells co-expressing PSA-(ARE)4-Luc13 assessed as induction of DHT-induced luciferase activity after 20 mins by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at androgen receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HeLa cells co-expressing PSA-(ARE)4-Luc13 assessed as induction of DHT-induced luciferase activity after 20 mins by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 23432095]
HeLa	IC₅₀	50 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20583750]
HepG2	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: C	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by luminescence assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by luminescence assay	[PMID: 20129783]
HT-29	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 4; Ind	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 36257283]
HT-29	IC₅₀	1052 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22940705]
HT-29	IC₅₀	312.6 μM Compound: INDO	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 30996776]
J774	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells assessed as cell survival after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells assessed as cell survival after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24268542]
J774	IC₅₀	29.6 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse J774 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess method Antiinflammatory activity in mouse J774 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess method	[PMID: 24268542]
J774.A1	IC₅₀	28.42 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse J774A1 cells assessed as reduction of LPS-induced nitric oxide production treated 2 hrs before LPS addition measured after 20 hrs by using Griess reagent Antiinflammatory activity in mouse J774A1 cells assessed as reduction of LPS-induced nitric oxide production treated 2 hrs before LPS addition measured after 20 hrs by using Griess reagent	[PMID: 23688954]
J774.A1	IC₅₀	28.56 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse J774.A1 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production treated 2 hrs before LPS challenge measured after 20 hrs Antiinflammatory activity in mouse J774.A1 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production treated 2 hrs before LPS challenge measured after 20 hrs	[PMID: 25140384]
K562	IC₅₀	190 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Anticancer activity against human K562 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human K562 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32527536]
L02	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiproliferative activity against human LO2 cells after 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human LO2 cells after 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay	[PMID: 28301815]
LNCaP	IC₅₀	> 300 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28057407]
LNCaP	IC₅₀	238.4 μM Compound: INDO	Antiproliferative activity against human LNCAP cells incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Antiproliferative activity against human LNCAP cells incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 30996776]
Macrophage	IC₅₀	22 μM Compound: indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in NMRI mouse macrophages assessed as inhibition of A23187-induced PGE2 release by Ellman's method Antiinflammatory activity in NMRI mouse macrophages assessed as inhibition of A23187-induced PGE2 release by Ellman's method	[PMID: 8988605]
MCF7	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 4; Ind	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 36257283]
MCF7	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20583750]
MCF7	IC₅₀	> 1000 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Anticancer activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32527536]
MCF7	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35468536]
MCF7	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Indometacin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32987314]
MCF7	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Indometacin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32987314]
MCF7	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Indometacin	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32987314]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20583750]
Neutrophil	IC₅₀	271.212 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of opsonized zymosan A-mediated superoxide anions production by WST-1 based respiratory burst assay Antiinflammatory activity in human neutrophils assessed as inhibition of opsonized zymosan A-mediated superoxide anions production by WST-1 based respiratory burst assay	[PMID: 22437110]
Neutrophil	IC₅₀	38.3 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity against human neutrophil assessed as inhibition of N-formyl-l-methionyl phenylalanine/cytochalasin B-induced superoxide anion generation by spectrophotometry Antiinflammatory activity against human neutrophil assessed as inhibition of N-formyl-l-methionyl phenylalanine/cytochalasin B-induced superoxide anion generation by spectrophotometry	[PMID: 21316977]
PC-3	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20583750]
PC-3	IC₅₀	> 1000 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Anticancer activity against human PC3 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human PC3 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32527536]
Platelet	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma after 5 mins Inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma after 5 mins	[PMID: 114655]
Platelet	IC₅₀	0.21 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in rabbit platelet-rich blood by turbidimetric method Inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in rabbit platelet-rich blood by turbidimetric method	[PMID: 8988600]
Platelet	IC₅₀	1.62 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiplatelet activity in human platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation preincubated for 3 mins before arachidonic acid challenge by turbidimetric method Antiplatelet activity in human platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation preincubated for 3 mins before arachidonic acid challenge by turbidimetric method	[PMID: 23639653]
Platelet	IC₅₀	2.8 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma after 5 mins Inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma after 5 mins	[PMID: 114655]
Platelet	IC₅₀	3.2 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Inhibition of epinephrine hydrochloride-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma after 5 mins Inhibition of epinephrine hydrochloride-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma after 5 mins	[PMID: 114655]
Raji	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: C	Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells after 72 hrs by luminescence assay Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells after 72 hrs by luminescence assay	[PMID: 20129783]
RAW	IC₅₀	15.37 μM Compound: indomethacin	Inhibition of COX2-mediated PGE2 production in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 cells after 24 hrs by ELISA Inhibition of COX2-mediated PGE2 production in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 cells after 24 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 21381754]
RAW	IC₅₀	23.47 μM Compound: indomethacin	Inhibition of iNOS-mediated nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 cells treated 2 hrs before LPS challenge measured after 18 hrs by Griess reaction method Inhibition of iNOS-mediated nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 cells treated 2 hrs before LPS challenge measured after 18 hrs by Griess reaction method	[PMID: 21381754]
RAW	IC₅₀	48.89 μM Compound: indomethacin	Inhibition of iNOS in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 cells after 2 hrs by fluorescence plate reader analysis Inhibition of iNOS in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 cells after 2 hrs by fluorescence plate reader analysis	[PMID: 21381754]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	> 10 μM Compound: Ind	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent-based assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent-based assay	[PMID: 32823004]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: indomethacin	Cytotoxicity against LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21381754]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: indomethacin	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21381754]
RAW264.7	CC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 27575472]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	> 40 μM Compound: Ind	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs in presence of LPS by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs in presence of LPS by MTT assay	[PMID: 32823004]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	> 40 μM Compound: Ind	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs in absence of LPS by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs in absence of LPS by MTT assay	[PMID: 32823004]
RAW264.7	CC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability by MTT assay	[PMID: 31365251]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells by MTT assay	[PMID: 30920218]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	> 80 μM Compound: Indo	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25555141]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	> 80 μM Compound: Indo	Cytotoxicity against LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25555141]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	> 80 μM Compound: Indo	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay in the absence of LPS Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay in the absence of LPS	[PMID: 22633833]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	> 80 μM Compound: Indo	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay in the presence of LPS Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay in the presence of LPS	[PMID: 22633833]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	0.62 μM Compound: Ind	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-stimulated NO production preincubated for 3 hrs followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-stimulated NO production preincubated for 3 hrs followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	[PMID: 36888988]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	1.25 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess assay	[PMID: 24806310]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	10.7 μM Compound: Indo	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs in absence of LPS by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs in absence of LPS by MTT assay	[PMID: 25881822]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	10.99 μM Compound: Indometacin	Antiinflammatory activity against LPS-induced mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of NO production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by Greiss reagent based assay Antiinflammatory activity against LPS-induced mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of NO production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by Greiss reagent based assay	[PMID: 34352712]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	11.6 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in mouse RAW264.7 cells incubated for 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in mouse RAW264.7 cells incubated for 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	[PMID: 27276091]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	12.1 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess assay	[PMID: 23755850]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	12.5 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by Griess assay Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by Griess assay	[PMID: 26702644]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	12.96 μM Compound: indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production by MTT assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production by MTT assay	[PMID: 20879743]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	12.96 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by Griess reaction based spectrophotometry Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by Griess reaction based spectrophotometry	[PMID: 21807513]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	13.2 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs in presence of LPS by colorimetric analysis Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs in presence of LPS by colorimetric analysis	[PMID: 27865705]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	14.1 μM Compound: indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 1 day by Griess assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 1 day by Griess assay	[PMID: 25821895]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	148 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess method Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess method	[PMID: 23566521]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	15.8 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	[PMID: 24963714]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	16.5 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs in presence of LPS by Griess reagent based assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs in presence of LPS by Griess reagent based assay	[PMID: 27575472]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	16.67 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess method Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess method	[PMID: 26615888]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	16.67 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess method Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess method	[PMID: 24660966]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	16.7 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production incubated for 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production incubated for 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	[PMID: 33533247]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	18.7 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-1beta production in mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by ELISA Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-1beta production in mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by ELISA	[PMID: 24963714]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Indo	Inhibition of iNOS in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production for 2 hrs by DAF-FMDA dye based fluorometric assay Inhibition of iNOS in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production for 2 hrs by DAF-FMDA dye based fluorometric assay	[PMID: 22633833]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	21.1 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production pretreated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by griess assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production pretreated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by griess assay	[PMID: 29261312]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	24 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of NO production incubated for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiinflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of NO production incubated for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 33160760]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	26.2 μg/mL Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of IFN-gamma and LPS-induced COX2 production preincubated for 2 hrs followed by IFN-gamma and LPS stimulation and measured after 16 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis Antiinflammatory activity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of IFN-gamma and LPS-induced COX2 production preincubated for 2 hrs followed by IFN-gamma and LPS stimulation and measured after 16 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis	[PMID: 33422907]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	32.2 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Inhibition of LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells incubated for 24 hrs by Griess reagent-based assay Inhibition of LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells incubated for 24 hrs by Griess reagent-based assay	[PMID: 32247751]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	32.3 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production for 24 hrs by Griess assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production for 24 hrs by Griess assay	[PMID: 33422907]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	33.6 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by Griess assay Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells after 24 hrs by Griess assay	[PMID: 28960979]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	33.6 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay Antiinflammatory activity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	[PMID: 30024153]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	34.28 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Inhibition of LPS induced NO production in mouse RAW264.7 cells preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS addition and measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay Inhibition of LPS induced NO production in mouse RAW264.7 cells preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS addition and measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	[PMID: 35660249]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	38 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production incubated for 24 hrs coincubated with LPS by Griess reagent based assay Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production incubated for 24 hrs coincubated with LPS by Griess reagent based assay	[PMID: 31365251]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	4.5 μM Compound: Indo	Inhibition of iNOS in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells using L-Arginine substrate incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence spectrometry Inhibition of iNOS in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells using L-Arginine substrate incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence spectrometry	[PMID: 25881822]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	40.3 μM Compound: Indo	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells pre-incubated for 2 hrs before LPS challenge measured 18 hrs post LPS challenge by Griess method Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells pre-incubated for 2 hrs before LPS challenge measured 18 hrs post LPS challenge by Griess method	[PMID: 25555141]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	40.7 μM Compound: INDO	Antiinflammatory activity against LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of NO production incubated for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation for 20 hrs by Griess reagent based assay Antiinflammatory activity against LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of NO production incubated for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation for 20 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	[PMID: 35175765]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	41 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production measured after 24 hrs Antiinflammatory activity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production measured after 24 hrs	[PMID: 30920218]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	42.2 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation measured after 20 hrs by Griess assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation measured after 20 hrs by Griess assay	[PMID: 26710212]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	42.3 μM Compound: Indometacin	Antiinflammatory activity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 36 hrs by Griess reagent based assay Antiinflammatory activity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 36 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	[PMID: 35512012]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	42.6 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as LPS-stimulated inhibition of nitric oxide production incubated simultaneously with LPS for 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay Anti-inflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as LPS-stimulated inhibition of nitric oxide production incubated simultaneously with LPS for 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	[PMID: 26024020]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	42.6 μM Compound: indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess assay	[PMID: 25945867]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	45.51 μM Compound: Indo	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess reagent method Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess reagent method	[PMID: 19931461]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	45.57 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS addition and measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent-based assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production preincubated for 1 hr followed by LPS addition and measured after 24 hrs by Griess reagent-based assay	[PMID: 30925056]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	46.5 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production by measuring nitrite accumulation by Griess method Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production by measuring nitrite accumulation by Griess method	[PMID: 28561586]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	52.8 nM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of NO production after 24 hrs by Griess reagent method Antiinflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of NO production after 24 hrs by Griess reagent method	[PMID: 19467877]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	6.3 μM Compound: indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs Antiinflammatory activity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs	[PMID: 25621853]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	62.9 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells incubated for 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay Inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in mouse RAW264.7 cells incubated for 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay	[PMID: 31403786]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	8.8 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production measured after 18 hrs by Griess assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production measured after 18 hrs by Griess assay	[PMID: 32520548]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	8.8 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production pretreated for 2 hrs followed by LPS challenge and measured after 12 hrs by Griess assay Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production pretreated for 2 hrs followed by LPS challenge and measured after 12 hrs by Griess assay	[PMID: 31573805]
RAW264.7	IC₅₀	9.2 μM Compound: Indo	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs in presence of LPS by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 24 hrs in presence of LPS by MTT assay	[PMID: 25881822]
Sf9	IC₅₀	0.75 μM Compound: 1, Indomethacin	Inhibition of human COX2 expressed in SF-9 insect cells assessed as conversion of [14C]-arachidonic acid to [14C]-prostaglandins preincubated for 20 mins by thin-layer chromatography analysis Inhibition of human COX2 expressed in SF-9 insect cells assessed as conversion of [14C]-arachidonic acid to [14C]-prostaglandins preincubated for 20 mins by thin-layer chromatography analysis	[PMID: 21524587]
SK-LU-1	IC₅₀	> 1000 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Anticancer activity against human SKLU1 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human SKLU1 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32527536]
SW480	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Indometacin	Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32987314]
SW480	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Indometacin	Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32987314]
SW480	IC₅₀	> 50 μM Compound: Indometacin	Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32987314]
TERT-RPE1	IC₅₀	> 40 μM Compound: 1	Cytotoxicity against human RPE-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human RPE-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 35468536]
THP-1	IC₅₀	> 10 μM Compound: indomethacin	Effect of pyrrolidine derivatives on production of eicosanoids from THP-1 cells stimulated with A-23187 using cellular assay on PGE-2, LTC-4 Effect of pyrrolidine derivatives on production of eicosanoids from THP-1 cells stimulated with A-23187 using cellular assay on PGE-2, LTC-4	[PMID: 10737736]
THP-1	IC₅₀	> 10 μM Compound: indomethacin	Inhibition of arachidonic acid production from THP-1 cells stimulated with A-23187 using cellular assay Inhibition of arachidonic acid production from THP-1 cells stimulated with A-23187 using cellular assay	[PMID: 10737736]
THP-1	IC₅₀	0.0036 μM Compound: indomethacin	Effect on production of eicosanoids from THP-1 cells stimulated with A-23187 using cellular assay on PGE-2, LTC-4 Effect on production of eicosanoids from THP-1 cells stimulated with A-23187 using cellular assay on PGE-2, LTC-4	[PMID: 10737736]
U-251	IC₅₀	20.45 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Anticancer activity against human U251 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human U251 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32527536]
U-937	IC₅₀	0.02 μM Compound: Indomethacin	Inhibition of Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 was measured by the inhibition of PGE-2 produced by microsomes from U937 cells incubated in low concentration of arachidonic acid Inhibition of Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 was measured by the inhibition of PGE-2 produced by microsomes from U937 cells incubated in low concentration of arachidonic acid	[PMID: 9873621]
VCaP	IC₅₀	136.9 μM Compound: INDO	Antiproliferative activity against human VCaP cells incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay Antiproliferative activity against human VCaP cells incubated for 72 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay	[PMID: 30996776]
Vero C1008	CC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: 1; INM	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 assessed as reduction of cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 assessed as reduction of cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 34534839]
Vero C1008	CC₅₀	> 500 μM Compound: 1; INM	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction of cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells assessed as reduction of cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 34534839]

In Vitro

Indomethacin (Indometacin) (0-150 μM; 24 hours; 3LL-D122 cells) has anticancer activity in vitro^[2].
Indomethacin (Indometacin) (0-1000 μM) protects the host cells from damage caused by the virus through activates PKR, resulting in elF2α phosphorylation, and in turn shutting of translation of viral protein and inhibiting replication of the virus (IC₅₀=2μM)^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:	3LL-D122 cells (highly metastatic variant of mouse LLcarcinoma cells)
Concentration:	0, 20, 50, 100 and 150μM
Incubation Time:	24 hours
Result:	Inhibited cell viability at 20 mM, with 50% inhibition at 60 mM.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:	3LL-D122 cells (highly metastatic variant of mouse LLcarcinoma cells)
Concentration:	0, 30 and 80μM
Incubation Time:	24 hours
Result:	Decreased in the percentage of cells at the G2/M phase and increased in the percentage of cells at G1 phase.

In Vivo

Indomethacin can be used to induce gastric ulcer models. After oral administration, the drug is absorbed rapidly and completely, although there are interindividual and intraindividual variations. Typically, the plasma peak concentration (2-3 μg/mL) is reached within 1-2 hours. However, coadministration with food reduces and delays the peak concentration without affecting the total absorption. At therapeutic concentrations, 90% of Indomethacin is bound to albumin in the plasma^[4].

Induction of gastric ulceration^[5]^[6]

Background

Indomethacin can cause gastric ulceration by various mechanisms, including injury through inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, reduction in local blood flow, regional irritation, and inhibition of tissue regeneration.

Specific Mmodeling Methods

Rat: albino Sprague-Dawley • male • adult (period: 2 weeks)
Administration: 100 mg/kg • p.o. • single dose

Note

(1) All animals fasted 24 h before drug administration.
(2) Indomethacin were dissolved in saline with 5% NaOH.

Modeling Indicators

Gastric tissue macroscopic alterations: Showed prominent mucosal folds and severe erosion, pronounced ulceration and bleeding foci in the gastric mucosa.
Histopathological changes: Showed severe erosion of the mucosa, reaching down to the lamina muscularis; observed hemorrhagic infiltration, edema in the submucosa, and severe hyperemia of the vessels.
Molecular changes: Showed intense Tnf-α expression.
Biochemical changes: Increased MDA, TOS levels, reduced TAS levels, CAT and GPx activities and GSH levels.

Correlated Product(s): Indomethacin sodium hydrate (HY-14397A)

Opposite Product(s): Carnosic acid (HY-N0644)

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	Male Sprague-Dawley rats^[1]
Dosage:	0.01-10 mg/kg
Administration:	Oral administration; for 3 hours
Result:	Inhibited the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema (ED₅₀=2.0 mg/kg) and hyperalgesia (ED₅₀=1.5 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner.

Animal Model:	Male C57BL/6J mice^[2]
Dosage:	10 mg/mL
Administration:	Oral administration; daily, for 29 days
Result:	Delayed the onset of tumor growth and the initial growth rate of the footpad tumors.

Clinical Trial

Molecular Weight

357.79

Formula

C₁₉H₁₆ClNO₄

CAS No.

53-86-1

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

COC1=CC=C(N(C(C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2)=O)C(C)=C3CC(O)=O)C3=C1

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (279.49 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Ethanol : 12.5 mg/mL (34.94 mM; Need ultrasonic)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	2.7949 mL	13.9747 mL	27.9494 mL
5 mM	0.5590 mL	2.7949 mL	5.5899 mL
10 mM	0.2795 mL	1.3975 mL	2.7949 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.81 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.81 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.81 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.
Protocol 4

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (3.49 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 5

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (3.49 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 6

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (3.49 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.

If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.91%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (288 KB) SDS (479 KB)

COA (253 KB) HNMR (279 KB) RP-HPLC (243 KB) LCMS (93 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Riendeau D, et, al. Biochemical and pharmacological profile of a tetrasubstituted furanone as a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor. Br J Pharmacol. 1997 May;121(1):105-17. [Content Brief]

[2]. Eli Y, et, al. Comparative effects of indomethacin on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in tumor cells grown in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol. 2001 Mar 1;61(5):565-71. [Content Brief]

[3]. Amici C, et, al. Inhibition of viral protein translation by indomethacin in vesicular stomatitis virus infection: role of eIF2α kinase PKR. Cell Microbiol. 2015 Sep;17(9):1391-404. [Content Brief]

[4]. Helleberg L, et, al. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of indomethacin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1981 Jul-Aug;6(4):245-58. [Content Brief]

[5]. Sabiu S, et, al. Indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats: Protective roles of Spondias mombin a nd Ficus exasperate. Toxicol Rep. 2015 Jan 8:2:261-267. [Content Brief]

[6]. Danisman B, et, al, Carnosic Acid Ameliorates Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulceration in Rats by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Biomedicines. 2023 Mar 9;11(3):829. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

Ethanol / DMSO	1 mM	2.7949 mL	13.9747 mL	27.9494 mL	69.8734 mL
	5 mM	0.5590 mL	2.7949 mL	5.5899 mL	13.9747 mL
	10 mM	0.2795 mL	1.3975 mL	2.7949 mL	6.9873 mL
	15 mM	0.1863 mL	0.9316 mL	1.8633 mL	4.6582 mL
	20 mM	0.1397 mL	0.6987 mL	1.3975 mL	3.4937 mL
	25 mM	0.1118 mL	0.5590 mL	1.1180 mL	2.7949 mL
	30 mM	0.0932 mL	0.4658 mL	0.9316 mL	2.3291 mL
DMSO	40 mM	0.0699 mL	0.3494 mL	0.6987 mL	1.7468 mL
	50 mM	0.0559 mL	0.2795 mL	0.5590 mL	1.3975 mL
	60 mM	0.0466 mL	0.2329 mL	0.4658 mL	1.1646 mL
	80 mM	0.0349 mL	0.1747 mL	0.3494 mL	0.8734 mL
	100 mM	0.0279 mL	0.1397 mL	0.2795 mL	0.6987 mL

Indomethacin Related Classifications

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Indomethacin53-86-1IndometacinCOXAntibioticInfluenza VirusBacterialCyclooxygenaseanti-infectiveanticancerinflammationCOX-1COX-2Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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Indomethacin (Synonyms: Indometacin)

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Indomethacin Related Antibodies

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