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Benzoquinoquinoxaline (BQQ) is a heterocyclic compound with an aminoalkyl side chain. Benzoquinoquinoxaline preferentially binds to DNA triplex structures, intercalates between the bases, thus, stabilising the triplex conformation. Conjugation of Benzoquinoquinoxaline to 1,10-phenanthroline specifically binds and cleaves double strandDNA at the site of formation of a triplex structure .
Cu(II)-Elesclomol is a Cu 2+ complex of Elesclomol (HY-12040). Cu(II)-Elesclomol induces cuproptosis. Cu(II)-Elesclomol also inducesapoptosis, causes a G1 cell cycle block and induces DNA double strand breaks in K562 cells. Cu(II)-Elesclomol also weakly inhibits DNA topoisomerase I. Cu(II)-Elesclomol has anticancer activity .
Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase (TdT) catalyses the condensation of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates onto the 3' hydroxyl ends of DNAstrands and adds N-regions to gene segment junctions during V(D)J recombination. Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase is expressed in immature, pre-B, pre-T lymphoid cells, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells .
AV-153 free base, a 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivative, is an antimutagenic. AV-153 free base intercalates to DNA in a single strand break and reduces DNA damage, stimulates DNA repair in human cells in vitro. AV-153 free base interacts with thymine and cytosine and has an influence on poly(ADP)ribosylation. AV-153 free base has anti-cancer activity .
Nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) is a DNA cross-linking and DNA alkylating agent, which induces DNA replication blocking lesions and DNA double-strand breaks and inhibits DNA synthesis, commonly used in chemotherapy for glioblastomas .
Bromochloroacetonitrile is a by-product of the chlorine disinfection of water containing natural organic material. Bromochloroacetonitrile possesses direct acting mutagenic activity and is capable of inducing DNAstrand breakage .
Sanazole (AK-2123) is a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. Sanazole enhances radiation-induced DNAstrand breaks. In mouse fibroblast tumors, Sanazole increases nuclear condensation and fragmentation, as well as elevates caspase-3 activity, thereby enhancing radiation-induced apoptosis. These characteristics make Sanazole a promising candidate for research in tumor therapy .
RI(dl)-2 blocks RAD51’s D-loop activity in biochemical systems with an IC50 value of 11.1 µM and inhibits homologous recombination (HR) activity with an IC50 value of 3.0 µM. RI(dl)-2 inhibits HR-mediated repair of DNA double strand breaks and sensitizes different cancer cell lines .
AV-153, a 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivative, is an antimutagenic. AV-153 intercalates to DNA in a single strand break and reduces DNA damage, stimulates DNA repair in human cells in vitro. AV-153 interacts with thymine and cytosine and has an influence on poly(ADP)ribosylation. AV-153 has anti-cancer activity .
Methylproamine is a DNA-binding radioprotector, acts by repair of transient radiation-induced oxidative species on DNA. Methylproamine also protects against ionizing radiation by preventing DNA double-strand breaks .
Hoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 34580 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst S 769121 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE-S 785026 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE 32021 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
meta-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
ortho-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 analog is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE 32020 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
para-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE-S 785026 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 34580 tetrahydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE 33187 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog 2 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog 3 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog 5 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 analog 2 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog 6 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 analog 2 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 analog trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution . Storage: Keep away from light.
Neocarzinostatin, a potent DNA-damaging, anti-tumor antibiotic, recognizes double-stranded DNA bulge and induces DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Neocarzinostatin induces apoptosis. Neocarzinostatin has potential for EpCAM-positive cancers treatment .
T4 UvsX Recombinase helps initiate DNA replication on a double-stranded DNA template by catalyzing synapsis between the template and a homologous DNA single strand that serves as primer. T4 UvsX Recombinase greatly amplifies the snap-back (hairpin-primed) DNA synthesis that is catalyzed by the T4 DNA polymerase holoenzyme on linear, single-stranded DNA templates .
Irinotecan-d10 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Irinotecan. Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNAstrand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex[1][2].
Irinotecan-d10 is a deuterium labeled Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan). Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNAstrand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex[1].
Selenocystine is a broad-spectrum anti-cancer agent. Selenocystine induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, particularly in the form of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Selenocystine exhibits great promise as a therapeutic or adjuvant agent targeting DNA repair for cancer treatment .
Endopeptidase, arctic marine microbial (ArcticZymes Proteinase), a proteinase, is used for the digestion of chromatin, thus releasing naked DNA. As it is thermolable, it can be inactivated at temperatures compatible with RNA integrity and DNA as double strands .
Irinotecan (Standard) is the analytical standard of Irinotecan. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNAstrand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex .
Temozolomide acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Temozolomide (HY-17364) with anticancer activity. Temozolomide is a DNA alkylating agent, methylating the guanine and adenine bases of DNA, causing breaks in DNA double strand, cell cycle arrest, and eventually cell death. Temozolomide acid is promising for research of glioblastoma and brain cancer .
PARP-1-IN-13 (Compound 19c) is a PARP-1 inhibitor (IC50: 26 nM). PARP-1-IN-13 inhibits DNA single-strand breakage repair and aggravates DNA double-strand breakage. PARP-1-IN-13 promotes the apoptosis of cancer cells through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway .
Nuclease S1, Aspergillus oryzae is a specific endonuclease that degrades single stranded DNA (ssDNA) and RNA. Nuclease S1 can also remove protruding single-strand ends from double-stranded DNA .
N-Nitrosodibenzylamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of N-Nitrosodibenzylamine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N-Nitrosodibenzylamine is a potent and orally activity DNA damage inducer. N-Nitrosodibenzylamine induces DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) .
Rubitecan (RFS 2000), a Camptothecin derivative, is an orally active topoisomerase I inhibitor with broad antitumor activity, and induces protein-linked DNA single-strand breaks, thereby blocking DNA and RNA synthesis in dividing cells .
NSC666715 is a strand-displacement activity of DNA polymerase inhibitor. NSC666715 potentiates Temozolomide (HY-17364)-induced DNA damage, cell senescence and apoptosis. NSC666715 can be used for study colorectal cancer .
YTR107 is a radiation sensitizer. YTR107 binds to nucleophosmin1 (NPM1) and inhibits pentamer formation. YTR107 inhibits recruitment of nucleophosmin to sites of DNA damage, suppresses repair of DNA double strand breaks, and enhances radiosensitization .
SU-11752 is an inhibitor for DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) with an IC50 of 0.13 μM. SU-11752 inhibits PI3K p110γ kinase with IC50 of 1.1 μM. SU-11752 binds competitively for ATP-site in DNA-PK, results in inhibition of intracellular DNA double-strand break repair and increases the sensitivity of cells to radiotherapy .
Calicheamicin, an antitumor antibiotic, is a cytotoxic agent that causes double-strandDNA breaks. Calicheamicin is a DNA synthesis inhibitor . Calicheamicin is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
DEANO sodium is notric oxide donor. DEANO sodium potentiates the abilitv of hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase to induce lipid peroxidation as well as DNA single- and double-strand breaks .
IC 86621 is a potent DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 120 nM. IC 86621 also acts as a selective and reversible ATP-competitive inhibitor.IC 86621 inhibits DNA-PK mediated cellular DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair (EC50=68 µM). IC 86621 increases DSB-induced antitumor activity without cytotoxic effects. IC 86621 can protects rheumatoid arthritis (RA) T cells from apoptosis .
HDAC6-IN-12 (compound GZ) is a potent HDAC6 inhibitor. HDAC6-IN-12 has anticancer activity through merges into DNAstrands causing DNA damage. HDAC6-IN-12 can be used for cancer research .
Biotin-PEG3-benzophenone is biotin-labeled Benzophenone (HY-Y0546). Benzophenone is an endogenous metabolite and a photosensitizer that has been implicated in photosensitive damage to DNA. Benzophenone causes nucleobase oxidation, formation of cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers, single-strand breaks, DNA-protein cross-links or abasic sites, different pathologies that may occur in nucleosides, oligonucleotides or DNA .
5-Iminodaunorubicin hydrochloride is a quinone-modified anthracycline that retains antitumor activity . 5-Iminodaunorubicin hydrochloride produces protein-concealed DNAstrand breaks in cancer cells .
5-Iminodaunorubicin is a quinone-modified anthracycline that retains antitumor activity . 5-Iminodaunorubicin produces protein-concealed DNAstrand breaks in cancer cells .
T4 UvsY Protein is an accessory protein for in vitro catalysis of strand exchange. T4 UvsY Protein enhances strand exchange by UvsX protein by interacting specifically with UvsX protein. UvsY protein enhances the rate of single-stranded-DNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis by UvsX protein .
1-Cinnamoylpyrrolidine (Compound 3), a crude extract prepared from Piper caninum, is a DNAstrand scission agent, induces the relaxation of supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA .
1-Cinnamoylpyrrolidine (Compound 4) inhibits platelet aggregation induced by PAF with an IC50 of 37.3 μM .
Irisquinone, a natural product, is an anticancer agent. Irisquinone is also a radiation sensitizer for cancer. Irisquinone reduces GSH level and inhibits the repair of DNA singular strand breaks .
8-Bromoadenine (8-Bromo-9H-purin-6-amine) is a DNA radiosensitizer that inhibits DNA single-strand break repair in cells. 8-Bromoadenine is a brominated derivative of adenine, and radioactive adenine can be prepared by replacing bromine with deuterium .
GSK_WRN4 is a WRN helicase inhibitor (pIC50=7.6) with anticancer activity. GSK_WRN4 selectively inhibits the growth of MSI tumor cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing DNA double-strand breaks, particularly at expanded TA repeats and DNA damage regions .
(S)-Crizotinib is a potent and selective MTH1 (mutT homologue) inhibitor with an IC50 of 330 nM. (S)-Crizotinib disrupts nucleotide pool homeostasis via MTH1 inhibition, induces an increase in DNA single strand breaks, activates DNA repair in human colon carcinoma cells, and effectively suppresses tumour growth in animal models .
MC-SN38 is a agent-linker conjugate composed of a potent microtubule-disrupting agent SN38 and a non-cleavable MC linker to make antibody agent conjugate (ADC). SN-38, an active metabolite of the Topoisomerase I inhibitor Irinotecan, inhibits DNA synthesis and causes frequent DNA single-strand breaks .
T2AA is a monoubiquitinated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) inhibitor that prevents DNA repair, increases double-strand break (DSB) formation and promotes necroptosis and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase .
N-Acetyl-DL-serine is a hydrophobic amino acid that is synthesized in the body and can be found as a free form or as a salt with malonate, phosphate, or acetate. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has also been used for the immobilization of DNA fragments on solid surfaces and can be used for protein synthesis and optical detection of DNAstrands .
XSJ05 is a camptothecin (CPT) derivative that can inhibit topoisomerase I (Topo I) to exert anti-cancer activity. XSJ05 can trigger DNA double-strand breaks, leading to DNA damage. XSJ05 can inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer (CRC), arrest the cell cycle in G2/M phase, and induce apoptosis .
CM03 is a potent DNAG-quadruplexes (G4s) ligand. CM03 can stabilise G4s, downregulating more G4-containing genes as well as increasing incidence of double-strand break events (DSBs) due to torsional strain on DNA and chromatin structure. CM03 has selective potency for pancreatic cancer cells .
R82913 (9-Cl-TIBO) is a potent and high selective inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with antiviral activity on both an RNA template (negative strand synthesis) and a DNA template (positive strand synthesis). R82913 inhibits the replication of different strains of HIV-I in CEM cells with a median IC50 value of of 0.15 μM .
The Cas9 protein, guided by sgRNA, induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at specific genomic locations, activating the cell's endogenous DNA repair mechanisms, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), or homology-directed repair (HDR), for repairing the targeted DSBs, enabling genome DNA target recognition and cleavage. LZCap AG(3'Acm) Cas9 mRNA can be used together with purified sgRNA for CRISPR/Cas genome editing, where the expressed Cas9 protein acts in conjunction with sgRNA to perform cleavage.
A 62176 hydrochloride is a compound that targets DNA topoisomerase II and has the activity of inhibiting purine synthesis in cancer cells. A 62176 hydrochloride interferes with c-MYC mRNA expression by interacting with G-quadruplex. The main mechanism of action of A 62176 hydrochloride is by displacing nucleosomes from the quadruplex of non-template strand rDNA, resulting in rapid redistribution of nucleosomes. The application potential of A 62176 hydrochloride is that it causes DNA damage and relies on BRCA1/2-mediated homologous recombination and DNA-PK-mediated non-homologous end-joining pathways to repair the damage .
VX-984 is an orally active, potent, selective and BBB-penetrated DNA-PK inhibitor. VX-984 efficiently inhibits NHEJ (non-homologous end joining) and increases DSBs (DNA double-strand breaks). VX-984 can be used for glioblastomas (GBM) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) research. VX-984 is a de novo deuterium .
Etoposide phosphate (BMY-40481) is a potent anti-cancer chemotherapy agent and a selective topoisomerase II inhibitor to prevent re-ligation of DNAstrands. Etoposide phosphate is the phosphate ester proagent of etoposide and is considered as active equivalent to Etoposide. Etoposide phosphate induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy.
NK 314 is an inhibitor for topoisomerase IIα, which generates the break of DNA double-strand. NK 314 arrests the cell cycle at G2 phase in human acute myeloid leukemia cells, inhibits the proliferation of CEM with IC90 of 55 nM .
7-tert-Butylfascaplysin (7-TB) is a derivative of Fascaplysin (HY-112328), that can be isolated from Fascaplysinopsis sp.. 7-tert-Butylfascaplysin induces replication stress, leads to toxic DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis-like cell death, and thus exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells in nanomolar levels. 7-tert-Butylfascaplysin exhibits DNA intercalating activity with EC50 of 3.2 μM .
Pibrozelesin (KW 2189 free base) is the derivative of antibiotic Duocarmycin B2. Pibrozelesin exhibits antitumor activity, inhibits proliferation of cell H69 with an IC50 of 1.9 μM. Pibrozelesin induces the DNAstrand breaks upon activation via carboxyl esterase .
DiPT-4 is a dual TOP1/PARP1 inhibitor that induces massive DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in cancer cells. DiPT-4 has the potential to overcome cancer drug resistance .
Furanodiene is a natural terpenoid isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae. Furanodiene plays anti-cancer effects through anti-angiogenesis and inducing ROS production, DNAstrand breaks and apoptosis. Furanodiene suppresseed efflux transporter Pgp (P-glycoprotein) function and reduced Pgp protein level .
Etoposide phosphate disodium (BMY-40481 disodium) is a potent anti-cancer chemotherapy agent and a selective topoisomerase II inhibitor to prevent re-ligation of DNAstrands. Etoposide phosphate disodium is the phosphate ester proagent of etoposide and is considered as active equivalent to Etoposide. Etoposide phosphate disodium induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy.
N,N-Dimethyl-idarubicin, an Idarubicin (HY-17381) derivative, is a potent histone evictor which does not induce DNA double-strand breaks. N,N-Dimethyl-idarubicin, an anthracycline, is an effective cytotoxic agent for ABCB1-overexpressing, Doxorubicin-resistant cells .
2′-O,4′-C-Methyleneguanosine (LNA-G) is a reverse guanine analogue, where LNA (locked nucleic acid) is a nucleic acid analogue. LNA modification can be used in a variety of applications such as effective binding affinity to complementary sequences and greater nuclease resistance than natural nucleotides, offering great potential for applications in disease diagnosis and research. LNA-G is also available via KOD DNA polymerase, which allows the integration of LNA-G nucleotides into the DNAstrand .
IBR2 is a potent and specific RAD51 inhibitor and inhibits RAD51-mediated DNA double-strand break repair. IBR2 disrupts RAD51 multimerization, accelerates proteasome-mediated RAD51 protein degradation, inhibits cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis .
AB-182 is an aziridine derivative and antitumor agent.AB-182 shows synergistic antitumor effects in conjunction with x-irradiation. Intermediate hydrolysis products of AB-182 may block the repair of x-irradiation-induced breaks in the DNAstrands by phosphorylating their free 3'-OH end groups.
Tirapazamine (SR259075) is an anticancer agent that shows selective cytotoxicity for hypoxic cells in solid tumors, thereby inducing single-and double-strand breaks in DNA, base damage, and cell death. Tirapazamine is an anticancer and bioreductive agent.Tirapazamine (SR259075) can enhance the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation in hypoxic cells .
Ethidium homodimer (EthD-1) is a high-affinity fluorescent nucleic acid dye commonly used to stain mammals, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Ethidium homodimer binds to DNA or RNA, enhancing fluorescence more than 30 times. The Ethidium homodimer has a strong positive charge, so it cannot cross cell membranes and stain living cells; But the Ethidium homodimer can cross the disordered region of the dead cell membrane to reach the nucleus and embed the DNA double strand to produce red fluorescence. Therefore, Ethidium homodimer is a relatively sensitive nucleic acid stain that can accurately detect nucleic acids in solution or in decomposing cells. Ethidium homodimer binds DNA, Ex/Em=528/617 nm .
Venadaparib (IDX-1197) is a potent, selective and orally active PARP inhibitor with IC50s of 1.4 nM and 1.0 nM for PARP1 and PARP2, respectively. Venadaparib does not sensitive to PARP-5. Venadaparib prevents the repair of DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) and can be used for solid tumors research .
Tempo-d18 is the deuterium labeled Tempo[1]. Tempo is a classic nitroxide radical and is a selective scavenger of ROS that dismutases superoxide in the catalytic cycle. Tempo induces DNA-strand breakage. Tempo can be used as an organocatalyst for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. Tempo has mutagenic and antioxidant effects[2][3][4][5].
Etoposide phosphate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Etoposide phosphate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Etoposide phosphate (BMY-40481) is a potent anti-cancer chemotherapy agent and a selective topoisomerase II inhibitor to prevent re-ligation of DNAstrands. Etoposide phosphate is the phosphate ester proagent of etoposide and is considered as active equivalent to Etoposide. Etoposide phosphate induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy.
2'-O,4'-C-Methylenecytidine (LNA-C(Bz)) is a bicyclic nucleoside analogue with fixed N-type conformation. 2'-O,4'-C-Methylenecytidine can be used to synthesize oligonucleotides. 2'-O,4'-C-Methylenecytidine forms duplexes with complementary DNA and RNA strands .
TI17 is an inhibitor of the thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein Trip13 and has anticancer activity. TI17 effectively inhibits multiple myeloma (MM) cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Trip13 is an AAA-ATPase that mediates double-strand break (DSB) repair; TI17 inhibits Trip13 function and increases DNA damage .
Sapurimycin is an antitumor antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces DO-116 and belongs to the capramycin family. Sapurimycin exhibits potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria and exhibits significant antitumor effects against leukemia P388 and sarcoma 180 in mouse models. In vitro studies have shown that Sapurimycin can induce single-strand breaks in supercoiled plasmid DNA .
(R)-IBR2 is the isomer of IBR2 (HY-103710). IBR2 is a potent and specific RAD51 inhibitor and inhibits RAD51-mediated DNA double-strand break repair. IBR2 disrupts RAD51 multimerization, accelerates proteasome-mediated RAD51 protein degradation, inhibits cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis .
PARP1-IN-12 is a potent PARP1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.99 nM. PARP1-IN-12 exhibits antiproliferative activity, can induce cell apoptosis and cause cycle arrest at G2/M phase. PARP1-IN-12 also can induce DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in BRCA-deficient cells .
GSK_WRN3 is a selective inhibitor of WRN protease (IC50 = 8.6 μM). GSK_WRN3 displays a high degree of selectivity by forming a covalent binding to the Cys727 residue of the WRN protein. GSK_WRN3 reduces growth support for MSI tumor cells by inhibiting WRN protease activity, resulting in increased DNA double-strand breaks and cell growth inhibition .
VEGFR-2/AURKA-IN-1 (compound 5e) is a thiazolidin-4-one derivative with antiglioma activity (IC50: 6.43 μM, LN229). VEGFR-2/AURKA-IN-1 has affinity for AURKA and VEGFR-2 and is a potential ligand. VEGFR-2/AURKA-IN-1 causes DNAstrand breaks and exhibits cytotoxic and anticancer potential .
Lometrexol (DDATHF), an antipurine antifolate, can inhibit the activity of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT) but do not induce detectable levels of DNAstrand breaks. Lometrexol can further inhibit de novo purine synthesis, causing abnormal cell proliferation and apoptosis, even cell cycle arrest. Lometrexol has anticancer activity. Lometrexol also is a potent human Serine hydroxymethyltransferase1/2 (hSHMT1/2) inhibitor .
Lometrexol (DDATHF) hydrate, an antipurine antifolate, can inhibit the activity of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT) but do not induce detectable levels of DNAstrand breaks. Lometrexol hydrate can further inhibit de novo purine synthesis, causing abnormal cell proliferation and apoptosis, even cell cycle arrest. Lometrexol hydrate has anticancer activity. Lometrexol hydrate also is a potent human Serine hydroxymethyltransferase1/2 (hSHMT1/2) inhibitor .
MLN8054 sodium is an Aurora A inhibitor with radiosensitivity-enhancing activity. MLN8054 sodium can activate the DNA double-strand break reaction of prostate cancer cells in in vitro experiments. The application of MLN8054 sodium is closely related to accumulation in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and polyploid formation. In vivo experiments show that MLN8054 sodium can significantly delay the growth of prostate cancer tumors and promote tumor cell apoptosis when used in combination with radiotherapy .
UNC-2170 is a functionally active, fragment-like ligand for 53BP1 (IC50=29 µM; Kd=22 µM). UNC-2170 shows at least 17-fold selectivity for 53BP1 as compared to nine other methyl-lysine (Kme) reader proteins. 53BP1 is a Kme binding protein that plays a central role in DNA Damage Repair (DDR) pathways and is recruited to sites of double-strand breaks (DSB) .
Lometrexol (DDATHF) disodium, an antipurine antifolate, can inhibit the activity of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT) but do not induce detectable levels of DNAstrand breaks. Lometrexol disodium can further inhibit de novo purine synthesis, causing abnormal cell proliferation and apoptosis, even cell cycle arrest. Lometrexol disodium has anticancer activity. Lometrexol disodium also is a potent human Serine hydroxymethyltransferase1/2 (hSHMT1/2) inhibitor .
Capsorubin is a carotenoid found in peppers with multiple biological activities. Capsorubin (167 μM) inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN) in vitro. Capsorubin (1 μM) reduces UVB-induced DNAstrand breaks and apoptosis in human dermal fibroblasts. Capsorubin also inhibits Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in Raji cells, a marker of tumorigenesis.
p53 Activator 2 (compound 10ah) intercalats into DNA and results in significant DNA double-strand break.p53 Activator 2 increases the expression of p53, p-p53, CDK4, p21 to cause cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase.p53 Activator 2 induce apoptosis and significantly down-regulates the anti-apoptosis proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and the levels of cyclin B1.p53 Activator 2 has anti-proliferation activity against MGC-803 cells, with an IC50 of 1.73 µM. p53 Activator 2 displays potent anticancer efficiency against MGC-803 xenograft tumors models .
Eurycomalactone is an active quassinoid could be isolated from Eurycoma longifolia Jack. Eurycomalactone is a potent NF-κB inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.5 μM. Eurycomalactone inhibits protein synthesis and depletes cyclin D1. Eurycomalactone enhances radiosensitivity through arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase and delayed DNA double-strand break repair. Eurycomalactone inhibits the activation of AKT/NF-κB signaling, induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity to Cisplatin (HY-17394) .
Simmiparib is a highly potent and orally active PARP1 and PARP2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 1.75 nM and 0.22 nM, respectively. Simmiparib has more potent PARP1/2 inhibition than its parent Olaparib (HY-10162). Simmiparib induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) accumulation and G2/M arrest in homologous recombination repair (HR)-deficient cells, thereby inducing apoptosis. Simmiparib exhibits remarkable anticancer activities in cells and nude mice bearing xenografts .
PARP1-IN-15 (Compound 6) is a PARP1 inhibitor. PARP1-IN-15 inhibits tankyrase (TNKS) and facilitates DNA double-strand breaks damage. PARP1-IN-15 induces tumor cell apoptosis. PARP1-IN-15 has anti-cancer activity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and TNBC patient-derived organoids. PARP1-IN-15 can be used for research of TNBC with or without BRCA1 mutations .
2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is a pyrazine derivative that can be found in cured tobacco and is used as a flavoring agent in the food and tobacco industry. Pyrazines, including 2,5-deoxyfructosazine, can be produced either by pyrolytic decomposition of natural compounds or by the reaction of sugars with alcoholic ammonia. 2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is also formed by the breakdown of D-glucosamine at neutral pH. Like glucosamine, 2,5-deoxyfructosazine has DNAstrand breakage activity and strongly inhibits IL-2 production by Jurkat cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (IC50=~1.25 mM).
UNC-2170 maleate is the maleate salt form of UNC-2170 (HY-115531). UNC-2170 maleate is a selective inhibitor for the methyl-lysine binding protein 53BP1, with IC50 of 29 µM and Kd of 22 µM. UNC-2170 maleate shows at least 17-fold selectivity for 53BP1 as compared to nine other methyl-lysine (Kme) reader proteins. 53BP1 is a Kme binding protein that plays a central role in DNA Damage Repair (DDR) pathways and is recruited to sites of double-strand breaks (DSB) .
Capsorubin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Capsorubin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Capsorubin is a carotenoid found in peppers with multiple biological activities. Capsorubin (167 μM) inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN) in vitro. Capsorubin (1 μM) reduces UVB-induced DNAstrand breaks and apoptosis in human dermal fibroblasts. Capsorubin also inhibits Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in Raji cells, a marker of tumorigenesis.
Mirin is a potent Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex inhibitor. Mirin prevents MRN-dependent activation of ATM (IC50=12 μM) without affecting ATM protein kinase activity, and it inhibits Mre11-associated exonuclease activity. Mirin abolishes the G2/M checkpoint and homology-dependent repair in mammalian cells. Mirin prevents ATM activation in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and blocks homology-directed repair (HDR) in mammalian cells .
Fozivudine tidoxil (BM-211290) is an orally active thioether lipid-zidovudine (ZDV) conjugate with anti-HIV activity. Fozivudine tidoxil, a member of the NRTI family of agent, is incorporated into the newly synthesized strand of DNA during intracellular viral replication and irreversibly binds viral RT which disrupts viral reverse-transcription . Fozivudine tidoxil is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
PARP1-IN-27 (Compound 9B) is the inhibitor for PARP1 and PARP2, with IC50 of 2.53 nM and 6.45 nM in cell SUM149PT. PARP1-IN-27 inhibits the proliferation of BRCA-mutated cancer cells SUM149PT, HCC1937 and Capan-1, with IC50 of 0.62, 1.91 and 4.26 μM respectively. PARP1-IN-27 aggravates DNA double-strand breaks, increases ROS generation, arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis in SUM149PT .
Hoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst S 769121 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE-S 785026 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE 32021 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
meta-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
ortho-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 analog is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 34580 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE 32020 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
para-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE-S 785026 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 34580 tetrahydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE 33187 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog 2 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog 3 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog 5 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 analog 2 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog 6 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 analog 2 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Biotin-PEG3-benzophenone is biotin-labeled Benzophenone (HY-Y0546). Benzophenone is an endogenous metabolite and a photosensitizer that has been implicated in photosensitive damage to DNA. Benzophenone causes nucleobase oxidation, formation of cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers, single-strand breaks, DNA-protein cross-links or abasic sites, different pathologies that may occur in nucleosides, oligonucleotides or DNA .
Ethidium homodimer (EthD-1) is a high-affinity fluorescent nucleic acid dye commonly used to stain mammals, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Ethidium homodimer binds to DNA or RNA, enhancing fluorescence more than 30 times. The Ethidium homodimer has a strong positive charge, so it cannot cross cell membranes and stain living cells; But the Ethidium homodimer can cross the disordered region of the dead cell membrane to reach the nucleus and embed the DNA double strand to produce red fluorescence. Therefore, Ethidium homodimer is a relatively sensitive nucleic acid stain that can accurately detect nucleic acids in solution or in decomposing cells. Ethidium homodimer binds DNA, Ex/Em=528/617 nm .
Methylproamine is a DNA-binding radioprotector, acts by repair of transient radiation-induced oxidative species on DNA. Methylproamine also protects against ionizing radiation by preventing DNA double-strand breaks .
8-Bromoadenine (8-Bromo-9H-purin-6-amine) is a DNA radiosensitizer that inhibits DNA single-strand break repair in cells. 8-Bromoadenine is a brominated derivative of adenine, and radioactive adenine can be prepared by replacing bromine with deuterium .
Selenocystine is a broad-spectrum anti-cancer agent. Selenocystine induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, particularly in the form of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Selenocystine exhibits great promise as a therapeutic or adjuvant agent targeting DNA repair for cancer treatment .
N-Acetyl-DL-serine is a hydrophobic amino acid that is synthesized in the body and can be found as a free form or as a salt with malonate, phosphate, or acetate. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has also been used for the immobilization of DNA fragments on solid surfaces and can be used for protein synthesis and optical detection of DNAstrands .
DNA-PK Substrate is a biological active peptide. (A substrate for DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), phosphorylation. DNA-PK is essential for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. This peptide corresponding to 11–24 amino acids of human p53 with threonine 18 and serine 20 changed to alanine is used as a substrate for the assay of DNA-PK activityPyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides may spontaneously form when either Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) is located at the sequence N-terminus. The conversion of Q or E to pGlu is a natural occurrence and in general it is believed that the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu may play a role in peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. Pyroglutamyl peptides are therefore considered a normal subset of such peptides and are included as part of the peptide purity during HPLC analysis.)
Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase (TdT) catalyses the condensation of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates onto the 3' hydroxyl ends of DNAstrands and adds N-regions to gene segment junctions during V(D)J recombination. Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase is expressed in immature, pre-B, pre-T lymphoid cells, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells .
Selenocystine is a broad-spectrum anti-cancer agent. Selenocystine induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, particularly in the form of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Selenocystine exhibits great promise as a therapeutic or adjuvant agent targeting DNA repair for cancer treatment .
Rubitecan (RFS 2000), a Camptothecin derivative, is an orally active topoisomerase I inhibitor with broad antitumor activity, and induces protein-linked DNA single-strand breaks, thereby blocking DNA and RNA synthesis in dividing cells .
Furanodiene is a natural terpenoid isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae. Furanodiene plays anti-cancer effects through anti-angiogenesis and inducing ROS production, DNAstrand breaks and apoptosis. Furanodiene suppresseed efflux transporter Pgp (P-glycoprotein) function and reduced Pgp protein level .
Eurycomalactone is an active quassinoid could be isolated from Eurycoma longifolia Jack. Eurycomalactone is a potent NF-κB inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.5 μM. Eurycomalactone inhibits protein synthesis and depletes cyclin D1. Eurycomalactone enhances radiosensitivity through arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase and delayed DNA double-strand break repair. Eurycomalactone inhibits the activation of AKT/NF-κB signaling, induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity to Cisplatin (HY-17394) .
1-Cinnamoylpyrrolidine (Compound 3), a crude extract prepared from Piper caninum, is a DNAstrand scission agent, induces the relaxation of supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA .
1-Cinnamoylpyrrolidine (Compound 4) inhibits platelet aggregation induced by PAF with an IC50 of 37.3 μM .
Irisquinone, a natural product, is an anticancer agent. Irisquinone is also a radiation sensitizer for cancer. Irisquinone reduces GSH level and inhibits the repair of DNA singular strand breaks .
Sapurimycin is an antitumor antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces DO-116 and belongs to the capramycin family. Sapurimycin exhibits potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria and exhibits significant antitumor effects against leukemia P388 and sarcoma 180 in mouse models. In vitro studies have shown that Sapurimycin can induce single-strand breaks in supercoiled plasmid DNA .
SMUG1 protein is a single-function DNA glycosylase that plays a crucial role in base excision DNA repair, especially the recognition and repair of uracil (U) residues, preferentially recognizing mismatches (U/G) rather than matching (U/A).Its activity extends to the excision of 5-formyluracil (fU), 5-hydroxyuracil (hoU) and 5-hydroxymethyluracil (hmU) in single-stranded (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA).SMUG1 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived SMUG1 protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
Irinotecan-d10 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Irinotecan. Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNAstrand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex[1][2].
VX-984 is an orally active, potent, selective and BBB-penetrated DNA-PK inhibitor. VX-984 efficiently inhibits NHEJ (non-homologous end joining) and increases DSBs (DNA double-strand breaks). VX-984 can be used for glioblastomas (GBM) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) research. VX-984 is a de novo deuterium .
Irinotecan-d10 is a deuterium labeled Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan). Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNAstrand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex[1].
Tempo-d18 is the deuterium labeled Tempo[1]. Tempo is a classic nitroxide radical and is a selective scavenger of ROS that dismutases superoxide in the catalytic cycle. Tempo induces DNA-strand breakage. Tempo can be used as an organocatalyst for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. Tempo has mutagenic and antioxidant effects[2][3][4][5].
X ray repair cross complementing protein 4; DNA repair protein XRCC4; DNA double strand break repair
WB, IHC-F, IHC-P, ICC/IF, IP
Human, Mouse, Rat
XRCC4 Antibody (YA1082) is a mouse-derived non-conjugated IgG1 antibody (Clone NO.: YA1082), targeting XRCC4, with a predicted molecular weight of 38 kDa (observed band size: 38-45 kDa). XRCC4 Antibody (YA1082) can be used for WB, IHC-F, IHC-P, ICC/IF, IP experiment in human, mouse, rat background.
Fozivudine tidoxil (BM-211290) is an orally active thioether lipid-zidovudine (ZDV) conjugate with anti-HIV activity. Fozivudine tidoxil, a member of the NRTI family of agent, is incorporated into the newly synthesized strand of DNA during intracellular viral replication and irreversibly binds viral RT which disrupts viral reverse-transcription . Fozivudine tidoxil is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
2′-O,4′-C-Methyleneguanosine (LNA-G) is a reverse guanine analogue, where LNA (locked nucleic acid) is a nucleic acid analogue. LNA modification can be used in a variety of applications such as effective binding affinity to complementary sequences and greater nuclease resistance than natural nucleotides, offering great potential for applications in disease diagnosis and research. LNA-G is also available via KOD DNA polymerase, which allows the integration of LNA-G nucleotides into the DNAstrand .
The Cas9 protein, guided by sgRNA, induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at specific genomic locations, activating the cell's endogenous DNA repair mechanisms, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), or homology-directed repair (HDR), for repairing the targeted DSBs, enabling genome DNA target recognition and cleavage. LZCap AG(3'Acm) Cas9 mRNA can be used together with purified sgRNA for CRISPR/Cas genome editing, where the expressed Cas9 protein acts in conjunction with sgRNA to perform cleavage.
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