From 11:00 pm to 12:00 pm EST ( 8:00 pm to 9:00 pm PST ) on January 6th, the website will be under maintenance. We are sorry for the inconvenience. Please arrange your schedule properly.
Benzoquinoquinoxaline (BQQ) is a heterocyclic compound with an aminoalkyl side chain. Benzoquinoquinoxaline preferentially binds to DNA triplex structures, intercalates between the bases, thus, stabilising the triplex conformation. Conjugation of Benzoquinoquinoxaline to 1,10-phenanthroline specifically binds and cleaves double strandDNA at the site of formation of a triplex structure .
Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase (TdT) catalyses the condensation of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates onto the 3' hydroxyl ends of DNAstrands and adds N-regions to gene segment junctions during V(D)J recombination. Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase is expressed in immature, pre-B, pre-T lymphoid cells, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells .
AV-153 free base, a 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivative, is an antimutagenic. AV-153 free base intercalates to DNA in a single strand break and reduces DNA damage, stimulates DNA repair in human cells in vitro. AV-153 free base interacts with thymine and cytosine and has an influence on poly(ADP)ribosylation. AV-153 free base has anti-cancer activity .
Cu(II)-Elesclomol is a complex formed by Elesclomol (HY-12040) and Cu 2+ (copper ions). Cu(II)-Elesclomol is also a weak inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I. Cu(II)-Elesclomol exerts anticancer effects by inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage through copper chelation. Cu(II)-Elesclomol can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Cu(II)-Elesclomol can be used in the study of cancer .
Bromochloroacetonitrile is a by-product of the chlorine disinfection of water containing natural organic material. Bromochloroacetonitrile possesses direct acting mutagenic activity and is capable of inducing DNAstrand breakage .
Sanazole (AK-2123) is a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. Sanazole enhances radiation-induced DNAstrand breaks. In mouse fibroblast tumors, Sanazole increases nuclear condensation and fragmentation, as well as elevates caspase-3 activity, thereby enhancing radiation-induced apoptosis. These characteristics make Sanazole a promising candidate for research in tumor therapy .
RI(dl)-2 blocks RAD51’s D-loop activity in biochemical systems with an IC50 value of 11.1 µM and inhibits homologous recombination (HR) activity with an IC50 value of 3.0 µM. RI(dl)-2 inhibits HR-mediated repair of DNA double strand breaks and sensitizes different cancer cell lines .
AV-153, a 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivative, is an antimutagenic. AV-153 intercalates to DNA in a single strand break and reduces DNA damage, stimulates DNA repair in human cells in vitro. AV-153 interacts with thymine and cytosine and has an influence on poly(ADP)ribosylation. AV-153 has anti-cancer activity .
Methylproamine is a DNA-binding radioprotector, acts by repair of transient radiation-induced oxidative species on DNA. Methylproamine also protects against ionizing radiation by preventing DNA double-strand breaks .
Hoechst S 769121 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE 32021 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE-S 785026 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 34580 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE 33187 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE-S 785026 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 34580 tetrahydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
ortho-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 analog is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE 32020 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
meta-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
para-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog 3 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 analog 2 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 analog 2 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog 5 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog 2 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Phleomycin is a copper-dependent DNA damaging agent and antibiotic with antitumor activity. Phleomycin binds to DNA and produces ROS in the presence of reducing agents (such as dithiothreitol and glutathione), inducing single-strand and double-strand breaks in DNA. Phleomycin can induce cell apoptosis or mutation and is widely used in cancer inhibition, microbial genetic transformation (as a screening marker to improve fungal transformation efficiency) and DNA repair mechanism research .
Nimustine is an alkylating agent, which induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and inter-strand crosslinks (ICLs), thereby activating the DNA damage response (DDR) signaling pathway. Nimustine activates p38 MAPK/JNK signaling pathway, and exhibits antitumor activity .
Hoechst 33258 analog 6 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution (Ex/Em = 356/451 nm) .
Hoechst 33342 analog trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution . Storage: Keep away from light.
Neocarzinostatin, a potent DNA-damaging, anti-tumor antibiotic, recognizes double-stranded DNA bulge and induces DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Neocarzinostatin induces apoptosis. Neocarzinostatin has potential for EpCAM-positive cancers treatment .
Irinotecan-d10 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Irinotecan. Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNAstrand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex .
Irinotecan-d10 is a deuterium labeled Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan). Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNAstrand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex .
T4 UvsX Recombinase helps initiate DNA replication on a double-stranded DNA template by catalyzing synapsis between the template and a homologous DNA single strand that serves as primer. T4 UvsX Recombinase greatly amplifies the snap-back (hairpin-primed) DNA synthesis that is catalyzed by the T4 DNA polymerase holoenzyme on linear, single-stranded DNA templates .
NBTIs-IN-7 (compound 276) is a novel bacterial topoisomerase (NBTIs) inhibitor. NBTIs-IN-7 induces both single- and double-strandDNAstrand breaks in the presence of gyrase .
Irinotecan (Standard) is the analytical standard of Irinotecan. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNAstrand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex .
Endopeptidase, arctic marine microbial (ArcticZymes Proteinase), a proteinase, is used for the digestion of chromatin, thus releasing naked DNA. As it is thermolable, it can be inactivated at temperatures compatible with RNA integrity and DNA as double strands .
Selenocystine is a broad-spectrum anti-cancer agent. Selenocystine induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, particularly in the form of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Selenocystine exhibits great promise as a therapeutic or adjuvant agent targeting DNA repair for cancer treatment .
Nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) is the hydrochloride salt form of Nimustine (HY-13703). Nimustine hydrochloride is an alkylating agent, which induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and inter-strand crosslinks (ICLs), thereby activating the DNA damage response (DDR) signaling pathway. Nimustine hydrochloride activates p38 MAPK/JNK signaling pathway, and exhibits antitumor activity .
PARP-1-IN-13 (Compound 19c) is a PARP-1 inhibitor (IC50: 26 nM). PARP-1-IN-13 inhibits DNA single-strand breakage repair and aggravates DNA double-strand breakage. PARP-1-IN-13 promotes the apoptosis of cancer cells through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway .
2-Bromo-4'-fluoroacetophenone is a photoinduced DNA cleaving agent that serves as a precursor for fluoro-substituted phenyl radicals, generating highly reactive radicals upon illumination to mediate DNAstrand breakage.
N-Nitrosodibenzylamine-d4 is deuterium labeled N-Nitrosodibenzylamine. N-Nitrosodibenzylamine is a potent and orally activity DNA damage inducer. N-Nitrosodibenzylamine induces DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) .
Temozolomide acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Temozolomide (HY-17364) with anticancer activity. Temozolomide is a DNA alkylating agent, methylating the guanine and adenine bases of DNA, causing breaks in DNA double strand, cell cycle arrest, and eventually cell death. Temozolomide acid is promising for research of glioblastoma and brain cancer .
Nuclease S1, Aspergillus oryzae is a specific endonuclease that degrades single stranded DNA (ssDNA) and RNA. Nuclease S1 can also remove protruding single-strand ends from double-stranded DNA .
N-Nitrosodibenzylamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of N-Nitrosodibenzylamine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N-Nitrosodibenzylamine is a potent and orally activity DNA damage inducer. N-Nitrosodibenzylamine induces DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) .
Rubitecan (RFS 2000), a Camptothecin derivative, is an orally active topoisomerase I inhibitor with broad antitumor activity, and induces protein-linked DNA single-strand breaks, thereby blocking DNA and RNA synthesis in dividing cells .
N-Nitrosodibenzylamine-d10 is the deuterium labeled N-Nitrosodibenzylamine (HY-W159870). N-Nitrosodibenzylamine is a potent and orally activity DNA damage inducer. N-Nitrosodibenzylamine induces DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) .
NSC666715 is a strand-displacement activity of DNA polymerase inhibitor. NSC666715 potentiates Temozolomide (HY-17364)-induced DNA damage, cell senescence and apoptosis. NSC666715 can be used for study colorectal cancer .
Bleomycin B2 (Phleomycin D2) is an anti-cancer agent that targets DNA. Bleomycin B2 causes DNAstrand breaks, thereby inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Bleomycin B2 is promising for research of cancers .
YTR107 is a radiation sensitizer. YTR107 binds to nucleophosmin1 (NPM1) and inhibits pentamer formation. YTR107 inhibits recruitment of nucleophosmin to sites of DNA damage, suppresses repair of DNA double strand breaks, and enhances radiosensitization .
SU-11752 is an inhibitor for DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) with an IC50 of 0.13 μM. SU-11752 inhibits PI3K p110γ kinase with IC50 of 1.1 μM. SU-11752 binds competitively for ATP-site in DNA-PK, results in inhibition of intracellular DNA double-strand break repair and increases the sensitivity of cells to radiotherapy .
DEANO sodium is notric oxide donor. DEANO sodium potentiates the abilitv of hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase to induce lipid peroxidation as well as DNA single- and double-strand breaks .
Calicheamicin, an antitumor antibiotic, is a cytotoxic agent that causes double-strandDNA breaks. Calicheamicin is a DNA synthesis inhibitor . Calicheamicin is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
HDAC6-IN-12 (compound GZ) is a potent HDAC6 inhibitor. HDAC6-IN-12 has anticancer activity through merges into DNAstrands causing DNA damage. HDAC6-IN-12 can be used for cancer research .
IC 86621 is a potent DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 120 nM. IC 86621 also acts as a selective and reversible ATP-competitive inhibitor.IC 86621 inhibits DNA-PK mediated cellular DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair (EC50=68 µM). IC 86621 increases DSB-induced antitumor activity without cytotoxic effects. IC 86621 can protects rheumatoid arthritis (RA) T cells from apoptosis .
5-Iminodaunorubicin hydrochloride is a quinone-modified anthracycline that retains antitumor activity . 5-Iminodaunorubicin hydrochloride produces protein-concealed DNAstrand breaks in cancer cells .
5-Iminodaunorubicin is a quinone-modified anthracycline that retains antitumor activity . 5-Iminodaunorubicin produces protein-concealed DNAstrand breaks in cancer cells .
T4 UvsY Protein is an accessory protein for in vitro catalysis of strand exchange. T4 UvsY Protein enhances strand exchange by UvsX protein by interacting specifically with UvsX protein. UvsY protein enhances the rate of single-stranded-DNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis by UvsX protein .
Biotin-PEG3-benzophenone is biotin-labeled Benzophenone (HY-Y0546). Benzophenone is an endogenous metabolite and a photosensitizer that has been implicated in photosensitive damage to DNA. Benzophenone causes nucleobase oxidation, formation of cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers, single-strand breaks, DNA-protein cross-links or abasic sites, different pathologies that may occur in nucleosides, oligonucleotides or DNA .
Benzyl (5-hydroxypentyl)carbamate is a linker capable of repairing damaged DNA by binding to the 5'-hydroxyl group on the sugar backbone. Benzyl (5-hydroxypentyl)carbamate can also bind to DNA ligands and can inhibit cell proliferation in resistant cell lines. However, Benzyl (5-hydroxypentyl)carbamate is toxic to cells and can also cause DNA damage and strand breakage.
1-Cinnamoylpyrrolidine (Compound 3), a crude extract prepared from Piper caninum, is a DNAstrand scission agent, induces the relaxation of supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA .
1-Cinnamoylpyrrolidine (Compound 4) inhibits platelet aggregation induced by PAF with an IC50 of 37.3 μM .
Irisquinone, a natural product, is an anticancer agent. Irisquinone is also a radiation sensitizer for cancer. Irisquinone reduces GSH level and inhibits the repair of DNA singular strand breaks .
Topoisomerase inhibitor 6 (Compound REDX05931) is a dual irreversible inhibitor of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV (MIC=0.06 μg/mL against fluoroquinolone-resistant S. aureus). Topoisomerase inhibitor 6 blocks DNAstrand break-reunion, inducing lethal DNA damage. Topoisomerase inhibitor 6 is promising for research of Gram-positive bacterial infections (e.g., S. aureus, S. pneumoniae) .
8-Bromoadenine (8-Bromo-9H-purin-6-amine) is a DNA radiosensitizer that inhibits DNA single-strand break repair in cells. 8-Bromoadenine is a brominated derivative of adenine, and radioactive adenine can be prepared by replacing bromine with deuterium .
GSK_WRN4 is a WRN helicase inhibitor (pIC50=7.6) with anticancer activity. GSK_WRN4 selectively inhibits the growth of MSI tumor cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing DNA double-strand breaks, particularly at expanded TA repeats and DNA damage regions .
(S)-Crizotinib is a potent and selective MTH1 (mutT homologue) inhibitor with an IC50 of 330 nM. (S)-Crizotinib disrupts nucleotide pool homeostasis via MTH1 inhibition, induces an increase in DNA single strand breaks, activates DNA repair in human colon carcinoma cells, and effectively suppresses tumour growth in animal models .
MC-SN38 is a agent-linker conjugate composed of a potent microtubule-disrupting agent SN38 and a non-cleavable MC linker to make antibody agent conjugate (ADC). SN-38, an active metabolite of the Topoisomerase I inhibitor Irinotecan, inhibits DNA synthesis and causes frequent DNA single-strand breaks .
Nedisertib (Peposertib) is an orally active selective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor with an IC50 value of less than 3 nM. Nedisertib also acts as a modulator of ABCG2, capable of reversing ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR), thus providing new strategies for combination therapy. By inhibiting DNA double-strand break repair, Nedisertib can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Nedisertib exhibits antitumor activity .
T2AA is a monoubiquitinated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) inhibitor that prevents DNA repair, increases double-strand break (DSB) formation and promotes necroptosis and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase .
XSJ05 is a camptothecin (CPT) derivative that can inhibit topoisomerase I (Topo I) to exert anti-cancer activity. XSJ05 can trigger DNA double-strand breaks, leading to DNA damage. XSJ05 can inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer (CRC), arrest the cell cycle in G2/M phase, and induce apoptosis .
HDAC-IN-85 (Compound 1) is a BBB-permeable HDAC inhibitor. HDAC-IN-85 has an inhibitory effect on brain tumor cell lines. HDAC-IN-85 can induce acetylation, leading to DNA double-strand breaks, and induce the ubiquitination of RAD51, disrupting the DNA repair process. HDAC-IN-85 can be used in the research of glioblastoma .
N-Acetyl-DL-serine is a hydrophobic amino acid that is synthesized in the body and can be found as a free form or as a salt with malonate, phosphate, or acetate. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has also been used for the immobilization of DNA fragments on solid surfaces and can be used for protein synthesis and optical detection of DNAstrands .
The Cas9 protein, guided by sgRNA, induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at specific genomic locations, activating the cell's endogenous DNA repair mechanisms, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), or homology-directed repair (HDR), for repairing the targeted DSBs, enabling genome DNA target recognition and cleavage. LZCap AG(3'Acm) Cas9 mRNA can be used together with purified sgRNA, where the expressed Cas9 protein acts in conjunction with sgRNA to perform cleavage.
R82913 (9-Cl-TIBO) is a potent and high selective inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with antiviral activity on both an RNA template (negative strand synthesis) and a DNA template (positive strand synthesis). R82913 inhibits the replication of different strains of HIV-I in CEM cells with a median IC50 value of of 0.15 μM .
CM03 is a potent DNAG-quadruplexes (G4s) ligand. CM03 can stabilise G4s, downregulating more G4-containing genes as well as increasing incidence of double-strand break events (DSBs) due to torsional strain on DNA and chromatin structure. CM03 has selective potency for pancreatic cancer cells .
XSJ110 is a potent irreversible topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.133 μM. XSJ110 blocks DNA topoisomerization, induces DNA double-strand breaks, and triggers cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, inducing tumor cell apoptosis. XSJ110 is promising for research of ampullary carcinoma (AC) .
A 62176 hydrochloride is a compound that targets DNA topoisomerase II and has the activity of inhibiting purine synthesis in cancer cells. A 62176 hydrochloride interferes with c-MYC mRNA expression by interacting with G-quadruplex. The main mechanism of action of A 62176 hydrochloride is by displacing nucleosomes from the quadruplex of non-template strand rDNA, resulting in rapid redistribution of nucleosomes. The application potential of A 62176 hydrochloride is that it causes DNA damage and relies on BRCA1/2-mediated homologous recombination and DNA-PK-mediated non-homologous end-joining pathways to repair the damage .
Depressine is an iridoid glycoside that can be isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Gentiana depressa. Depressine can be used to reduce oxidative DNA base damage and strand breaks that are prone to occur during the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) .
VX-984 is an orally active, potent, selective and BBB-penetrated DNA-PK inhibitor. VX-984 efficiently inhibits NHEJ (non-homologous end joining) and increases DSBs (DNA double-strand breaks). VX-984 can be used for glioblastomas (GBM) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) research. VX-984 is a de novo deuterium .
Etoposide phosphate (BMY-40481) is a potent anti-cancer chemotherapy agent and a selective topoisomerase II inhibitor to prevent re-ligation of DNAstrands. Etoposide phosphate is the phosphate ester proagent of etoposide and is considered as active equivalent to Etoposide. Etoposide phosphate induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy.
NK 314 is an inhibitor for topoisomerase IIα, which generates the break of DNA double-strand. NK 314 arrests the cell cycle at G2 phase in human acute myeloid leukemia cells, inhibits the proliferation of CEM with IC90 of 55 nM .
7-tert-Butylfascaplysin (7-TB) is a derivative of Fascaplysin (HY-112328), that can be isolated from Fascaplysinopsis sp.. 7-tert-Butylfascaplysin induces replication stress, leads to toxic DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis-like cell death, and thus exhibits cytotoxicity in cancer cells in nanomolar levels. 7-tert-Butylfascaplysin exhibits DNA intercalating activity with EC50 of 3.2 μM .
Pibrozelesin (KW 2189 free base) is the derivative of antibiotic Duocarmycin B2. Pibrozelesin exhibits antitumor activity, inhibits proliferation of cell H69 with an IC50 of 1.9 μM. Pibrozelesin induces the DNAstrand breaks upon activation via carboxyl esterase .
EXO1-IN-1 (Compound F684) is a potent and selective inhibitor of exonuclease 1 (EXO1) (IC50= 15.7 μM). EXO1-IN-1 suppresses DNA end resection, promotes the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks, and triggers S-phase PARylation, disrupts DNA repair pathways in homologous recombination-deficient (HRD) cancer cells, and selectively kills tumor cells with defects in HR genes like BRCA1/2. EXO1-IN-1 is promising for research of homologous recombination-deficient cancer (such as BRCA-related tumors) .
Furanodiene is a natural terpenoid isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae. Furanodiene plays anti-cancer effects through anti-angiogenesis and inducing ROS production, DNAstrand breaks and apoptosis. Furanodiene suppresseed efflux transporter Pgp (P-glycoprotein) function and reduced Pgp protein level .
DiPT-4 is a dual TOP1/PARP1 inhibitor that induces massive DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in cancer cells. DiPT-4 has the potential to overcome cancer drug resistance .
N,N-Dimethyl-idarubicin, an Idarubicin (HY-17381) derivative, is a potent histone evictor which does not induce DNA double-strand breaks. N,N-Dimethyl-idarubicin, an anthracycline, is an effective cytotoxic agent for ABCB1-overexpressing, Doxorubicin-resistant cells .
Etoposide phosphate disodium (BMY-40481 disodium) is a potent anti-cancer chemotherapy agent and a selective topoisomerase II inhibitor to prevent re-ligation of DNAstrands. Etoposide phosphate disodium is the phosphate ester proagent of etoposide and is considered as active equivalent to Etoposide. Etoposide phosphate disodium induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy.
HQY1428 is an orally active CDK12 inhibitor. HQY1428 inhibits DNA replication, causes G2/M arrest in SKOV3 cells, induces DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis. HQY1428 has anti-tumor activity in the SKOV3 xenograft mouse model. HQY1428 combined with the HER2 inhibitor Lapatinib (HY-50898) in the NCI-N87 xenograft mouse model produces a synergistic therapeutic effect .
Multi-target kinase inhibitor 4 (Compound 2) is a PI3K/DNA-PK inhibitor and potent chemosensitizer that can increase the amount of DNA double strand breaks induced by Doxorubicin (HY-15142A). Multi-target kinase inhibitor 4, is an efficient inhibitor of multidrug resistance (MDR) that exhibits inhibitory activity toward P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux. Multi-target kinase inhibitor 4 can be loaded into PEG-coated LNPs .
IBR2 is a potent and specific RAD51 inhibitor and inhibits RAD51-mediated DNA double-strand break repair. IBR2 disrupts RAD51 multimerization, accelerates proteasome-mediated RAD51 protein degradation, inhibits cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis .
AB-182 is an aziridine derivative and antitumor agent.AB-182 shows synergistic antitumor effects in conjunction with x-irradiation. Intermediate hydrolysis products of AB-182 may block the repair of x-irradiation-induced breaks in the DNAstrands by phosphorylating their free 3'-OH end groups.
Tirapazamine (SR259075) is an anticancer agent that shows selective cytotoxicity for hypoxic cells in solid tumors, thereby inducing single-and double-strand breaks in DNA, base damage, and cell death. Tirapazamine is an anticancer and bioreductive agent.Tirapazamine (SR259075) can enhance the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation in hypoxic cells .
Tempo-d18 is the deuterium labeled Tempo . Tempo is a classic nitroxide radical and is a selective scavenger of ROS that dismutases superoxide in the catalytic cycle. Tempo induces DNA-strand breakage. Tempo can be used as an organocatalyst for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. Tempo has mutagenic and antioxidant effects .
Ethidium homodimer (EthD-1) is a high-affinity fluorescent nucleic acid dye commonly used to stain mammals, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Ethidium homodimer binds to DNA or RNA, enhancing fluorescence more than 30 times. The Ethidium homodimer has a strong positive charge, so it cannot cross cell membranes and stain living cells; But the Ethidium homodimer can cross the disordered region of the dead cell membrane to reach the nucleus and embed the DNA double strand to produce red fluorescence. Therefore, Ethidium homodimer is a relatively sensitive nucleic acid stain that can accurately detect nucleic acids in solution or in decomposing cells. Ethidium homodimer binds DNA, Ex/Em=528/617 nm .
Venadaparib (IDX-1197) is a potent, selective and orally active PARP inhibitor with IC50s of 1.4 nM and 1.0 nM for PARP1 and PARP2, respectively. Venadaparib does not sensitive to PARP-5. Venadaparib prevents the repair of DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) and can be used for solid tumors research .
Etoposide phosphate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Etoposide phosphate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Etoposide phosphate (BMY-40481) is a potent anti-cancer chemotherapy agent and a selective topoisomerase II inhibitor to prevent re-ligation of DNAstrands. Etoposide phosphate is the phosphate ester proagent of etoposide and is considered as active equivalent to Etoposide. Etoposide phosphate induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy.
Methylhydroquinone is an orally active COX inhibitor with IC50s of 480.7 μM and 52.2 μM for ovine COX-1 and human recombinant COX-2, respectively. Methylhydroquinone has potential DNA damaging effects: 1) inhibiting COX-1 to reduce prostaglandin synthesis and exert anti-inflammatory activity; 2) inducing DNA single-strand breaks. Methylhydroquinone exerts its effects by competitively binding to the active sites of COX-1 (such as Tyr385, Met522) and non-covalent interactions .
AcBut-N-Ac-γ-Calicheamicin is an ADC cytotoxic payload that induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by causing DNA double-strand breaks. AcBut-N-Ac-γ-Calicheamicin is primarily used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) and holds promise for research in the field of cancer, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and other hematological malignancies .
2'-O,4'-C-Methylenecytidine (LNA-C(Bz)) is a bicyclic nucleoside analogue with fixed N-type conformation. 2'-O,4'-C-Methylenecytidine can be used to synthesize oligonucleotides. 2'-O,4'-C-Methylenecytidine forms duplexes with complementary DNA and RNA strands .
TI17 is an inhibitor of the thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein Trip13 and has anticancer activity. TI17 effectively inhibits multiple myeloma (MM) cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Trip13 is an AAA-ATPase that mediates double-strand break (DSB) repair; TI17 inhibits Trip13 function and increases DNA damage .
Sapurimycin is an antitumor antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces DO-116 and belongs to the capramycin family. Sapurimycin exhibits potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria and exhibits significant antitumor effects against leukemia P388 and sarcoma 180 in mouse models. In vitro studies have shown that Sapurimycin can induce single-strand breaks in supercoiled plasmid DNA .
(R)-IBR2 is the isomer of IBR2 (HY-103710). IBR2 is a potent and specific RAD51 inhibitor and inhibits RAD51-mediated DNA double-strand break repair. IBR2 disrupts RAD51 multimerization, accelerates proteasome-mediated RAD51 protein degradation, inhibits cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis .
Clomesone (NSC 338947) is a compound with antitumor activity. Clomesone induces the formation of cross-links between DNAstrands in cell lines. Clomesone is inactive against most human colorectal cancer solid tumor cell lines in vitro, has no significant activity against mouse tumors in vivo, and is accompanied by bone marrow suppression. Its pharmacokinetic behavior indicates that it cannot reach effective concentrations at the tumor site.
Methylhydroquinone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methylhydroquinone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methylhydroquinone is an orally active COX inhibitor with IC50s of 480.7 μM and 52.2 μM for ovine COX-1 and human recombinant COX-2, respectively. Methylhydroquinone has potential DNA damaging effects: 1) inhibiting COX-1 to reduce prostaglandin synthesis and exert anti-inflammatory activity; 2) inducing DNA single-strand breaks. Methylhydroquinone exerts its effects by competitively binding to the active sites of COX-1 (such as Tyr385, Met522) and non-covalent interactions[1][2].
PARP1-IN-12 is a potent PARP1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.99 nM. PARP1-IN-12 exhibits antiproliferative activity, can induce cell apoptosis and cause cycle arrest at G2/M phase. PARP1-IN-12 also can induce DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in BRCA-deficient cells .
Tilatamig samrotecan (AZD9592) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) used to deliver topoisomerase I inhibitors (TOP1i), targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-MET, with anti-tumor activity. Tilatamig samrotecan (AZD9592) can induce DNA double-strand breaks, increase the expression of pRAD50 and γH2AX, and inhibit the growth of non-small cell lung cancer .
ML-20, Malabaricone C (HY-N8518) analogue, is a autophagy inhibitor and radiosensitizer. ML-20 inhibits cell growth, induces cell apoptosis . ML-20 induces DNA double-strand breaks, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). ML-20 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and concurrent inhibition of autophagy flux due to LMP .
VEGFR-2/AURKA-IN-1 (compound 5e) is a thiazolidin-4-one derivative with antiglioma activity (IC50: 6.43 μM, LN229). VEGFR-2/AURKA-IN-1 has affinity for AURKA and VEGFR-2 and is a potential ligand. VEGFR-2/AURKA-IN-1 causes DNAstrand breaks and exhibits cytotoxic and anticancer potential .
Lometrexol (DDATHF), an antipurine antifolate, can inhibit the activity of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT) but do not induce detectable levels of DNAstrand breaks. Lometrexol can further inhibit de novo purine synthesis, causing abnormal cell proliferation and apoptosis, even cell cycle arrest. Lometrexol has anticancer activity. Lometrexol also is a potent human Serine hydroxymethyltransferase1/2 (hSHMT1/2) inhibitor .
MLN8054 sodium is an Aurora A inhibitor with radiosensitivity-enhancing activity. MLN8054 sodium can activate the DNA double-strand break reaction of prostate cancer cells in in vitro experiments. The application of MLN8054 sodium is closely related to accumulation in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and polyploid formation. In vivo experiments show that MLN8054 sodium can significantly delay the growth of prostate cancer tumors and promote tumor cell apoptosis when used in combination with radiotherapy .
Lometrexol (DDATHF) hydrate, an antipurine antifolate, can inhibit the activity of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT) but do not induce detectable levels of DNAstrand breaks. Lometrexol hydrate can further inhibit de novo purine synthesis, causing abnormal cell proliferation and apoptosis, even cell cycle arrest. Lometrexol hydrate has anticancer activity. Lometrexol hydrate also is a potent human Serine hydroxymethyltransferase1/2 (hSHMT1/2) inhibitor .
Lometrexol (DDATHF) disodium, an antipurine antifolate, can inhibit the activity of glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT) but do not induce detectable levels of DNAstrand breaks. Lometrexol disodium can further inhibit de novo purine synthesis, causing abnormal cell proliferation and apoptosis, even cell cycle arrest. Lometrexol disodium has anticancer activity. Lometrexol disodium also is a potent human Serine hydroxymethyltransferase1/2 (hSHMT1/2) inhibitor .
Capsorubin is a carotenoid found in peppers with multiple biological activities. Capsorubin (167 μM) inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN) in vitro. Capsorubin (1 μM) reduces UVB-induced DNAstrand breaks and apoptosis in human dermal fibroblasts. Capsorubin also inhibits Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in Raji cells, a marker of tumorigenesis.
UNC-2170 is a functionally active, fragment-like ligand for 53BP1 (IC50=29 µM; Kd=22 µM). UNC-2170 shows at least 17-fold selectivity for 53BP1 as compared to nine other methyl-lysine (Kme) reader proteins. 53BP1 is a Kme binding protein that plays a central role in DNA Damage Repair (DDR) pathways and is recruited to sites of double-strand breaks (DSB) .
p53 Activator 2 (compound 10ah) intercalats into DNA and results in significant DNA double-strand break.p53 Activator 2 increases the expression of p53, p-p53, CDK4, p21 to cause cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase.p53 Activator 2 induce apoptosis and significantly down-regulates the anti-apoptosis proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and the levels of cyclin B1.p53 Activator 2 has anti-proliferation activity against MGC-803 cells, with an IC50 of 1.73 µM. p53 Activator 2 displays potent anticancer efficiency against MGC-803 xenograft tumors models .
Eurycomalactone is an active quassinoid could be isolated from Eurycoma longifolia Jack. Eurycomalactone is a potent NF-κB inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.5 μM. Eurycomalactone inhibits protein synthesis and depletes cyclin D1. Eurycomalactone enhances radiosensitivity through arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase and delayed DNA double-strand break repair. Eurycomalactone inhibits the activation of AKT/NF-κB signaling, induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity to Cisplatin (HY-17394) .
Simmiparib is a highly potent and orally active PARP1 and PARP2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 1.75 nM and 0.22 nM, respectively. Simmiparib has more potent PARP1/2 inhibition than its parent Olaparib (HY-10162). Simmiparib induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) accumulation and G2/M arrest in homologous recombination repair (HR)-deficient cells, thereby inducing apoptosis. Simmiparib exhibits remarkable anticancer activities in cells and nude mice bearing xenografts .
PARP1-IN-15 (Compound 6) is a PARP1 inhibitor. PARP1-IN-15 inhibits tankyrase (TNKS) and facilitates DNA double-strand breaks damage. PARP1-IN-15 induces tumor cell apoptosis. PARP1-IN-15 has anti-cancer activity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and TNBC patient-derived organoids. PARP1-IN-15 can be used for research of TNBC with or without BRCA1 mutations .
β-Glu-PAB(CH2NH2)-Exatecan (Compound 9a) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor. β-Glu-PAB(CH2NH2)-Exatecan binds to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex to prevent DNAstrand reconnection, thereby inducing DNA breakage and cell apoptosis. β-Glu-PAB(CH2NH2)-Exatecan can be specifically cleaved by β-glucuronidase highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment to release Exatecan for cytotoxic effect. β-Glu-PAB(CH2NH2)-Exatecan is also an intermediate of Mal((3S,3aR,6S,6aR) -hexahydrofuro [3, 2-B]furan-3,6-diamine-PEG12)-β -Glu-Pab-Exatecan. β-Glu-PAB(CH2NH2)-Exatecan is promising for research of cancers .
2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is a pyrazine derivative that can be found in cured tobacco and is used as a flavoring agent in the food and tobacco industry. Pyrazines, including 2,5-deoxyfructosazine, can be produced either by pyrolytic decomposition of natural compounds or by the reaction of sugars with alcoholic ammonia. 2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is also formed by the breakdown of D-glucosamine at neutral pH. Like glucosamine, 2,5-deoxyfructosazine has DNAstrand breakage activity and strongly inhibits IL-2 production by Jurkat cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (IC50=~1.25 mM).
UNC-2170 maleate is the maleate salt form of UNC-2170 (HY-115531). UNC-2170 maleate is a selective inhibitor for the methyl-lysine binding protein 53BP1, with IC50 of 29 µM and Kd of 22 µM. UNC-2170 maleate shows at least 17-fold selectivity for 53BP1 as compared to nine other methyl-lysine (Kme) reader proteins. 53BP1 is a Kme binding protein that plays a central role in DNA Damage Repair (DDR) pathways and is recruited to sites of double-strand breaks (DSB) .
Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNAstrand breaks .
5-Methylfurfural is a chemical that can be utilized as food additive, intermediate in the production of agrochemicals, and precursor of certain anti-cancer natural products. 5-Methylfurfural is formed during the photoexposition of ranitidine hydrochloride. 5-Methylfurfural is an organic compound. 5-Methylfurfural has a strong tendency to be further hydrogenated to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF). 5-Methylfurfural can predominantly evoke skin inflammation and barrier disintegration. 5-Methylfurfural degrades native DNA through the formation of single-strand breaks .
Capsorubin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Capsorubin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Capsorubin is a carotenoid found in peppers with multiple biological activities. Capsorubin (167 μM) inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN) in vitro. Capsorubin (1 μM) reduces UVB-induced DNAstrand breaks and apoptosis in human dermal fibroblasts. Capsorubin also inhibits Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in Raji cells, a marker of tumorigenesis.
CDK9/EZH2-IN-1 (Compound D16) is a CDK9/EZH2 dual-target inhibitor (IC50: 83.9/108.6 nM). CDK9/EZH2-IN-1 induces apoptosis and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). CDK9/EZH2-IN-1 inhibits the proliferation activity of MKN45, MDA-MB-453 and SW620 cancer cells (IC50 values are 136.3, 171.3 and 315.7 nM, respectively) .
Mirin is a potent Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex inhibitor. Mirin prevents MRN-dependent activation of ATM (IC50=12 μM) without affecting ATM protein kinase activity, and it inhibits Mre11-associated exonuclease activity. Mirin abolishes the G2/M checkpoint and homology-dependent repair in mammalian cells. Mirin prevents ATM activation in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and blocks homology-directed repair (HDR) in mammalian cells .
Fozivudine tidoxil (BM-211290) is an orally active thioether lipid-zidovudine (ZDV) conjugate with anti-HIV activity. Fozivudine tidoxil, a member of the NRTI family of agent, is incorporated into the newly synthesized strand of DNA during intracellular viral replication and irreversibly binds viral RT which disrupts viral reverse-transcription . Fozivudine tidoxil is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Lilial (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lilial. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNAstrand breaks .
PARP1-IN-27 (Compound 9B) is the inhibitor for PARP1 and PARP2, with IC50 of 2.53 nM and 6.45 nM in cell SUM149PT. PARP1-IN-27 inhibits the proliferation of BRCA-mutated cancer cells SUM149PT, HCC1937 and Capan-1, with IC50 of 0.62, 1.91 and 4.26 μM respectively. PARP1-IN-27 aggravates DNA double-strand breaks, increases ROS generation, arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis in SUM149PT .
Hellebrigenin is an inhibitor that selectively targets the MAPK signaling pathway (ERK, p38, JNK) and XIAP, and can inhibit Akt expression and phosphorylation. Hellebrigenin can activate endogenous apoptosis pathways (such as mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, Caspase family activation, PARP cleavage), downregulate anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) and upregulate pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bak). Hellebrigenin can also induce DNA double-strand breaks to activate the ATM pathway. Hellebrigenin can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and clone formation, and is mainly used in the study of oral squamous cell carcinoma, liver cancer and other cancers .
5-Methylfurfural (Standard) is the analytical standard of 5-Methylfurfural. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 5-Methylfurfural is a chemical that can be utilized as food additive, intermediate in the production of agrochemicals, and precursor of certain anti-cancer natural products. 5-Methylfurfural is formed during the photoexposition of ranitidine hydrochloride. 5-Methylfurfural is an organic compound. 5-Methylfurfural has a strong tendency to be further hydrogenated to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF). 5-Methylfurfural can predominantly evoke skin inflammation and barrier disintegration. 5-Methylfurfural degrades native DNA through the formation of single-strand breaks .
Inotuzumab ozogamicin (CMC-544) is an anti-CD22antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Inotuzumab ozogamicin consists of a humanized IgG4 anti-CD22 mAb, covalently linked to Calicheamicin (HY-19609) via an acid-labile AcBut (HY-132261) linker. The antibody portion is Inotuzumab (HY-P99264), and the drug-linker conjugate for ADC is N-Ac-γ-Calicheamicin-AcBut-NHS ester (HY-103688). Inotuzumab ozogamicin binds to the minor groove of DNA, inducing double-strand cleavage and subsequent apoptosis. Inotuzumab ozogamicin can be used for the study of relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) .
1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Hydroxyhydroquinone) is an ER stress inducer that targets proteins such as PKR-like ER kinase PERK to induce cytotoxicity. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene selectively activates eIF2α phosphorylation, activates the PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway and induces stress granule formation. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene subsequently exacerbates oxidative stress and causes DNA double-strand breaks, destroying organelles such as mitochondria and ER, and inducing cell death. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene also has the potential to exhibit anti-tumor effect, increase blood pressure, and relieve spasm .
2,5-Deoxyfructosazine- 13C4 (NSC 270912- 13C4) is the 13C-labeled 2,5-Deoxyfructosazine (HY-135078). 2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is a pyrazine derivative that can be found in cured tobacco and is used as a flavoring agent in the food and tobacco industry. Pyrazines, including 2,5-deoxyfructosazine, can be produced either by pyrolytic decomposition of natural compounds or by the reaction of sugars with alcoholic ammonia. 2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is also formed by the breakdown of D-glucosamine at neutral pH. Like glucosamine, 2,5-deoxyfructosazine has DNAstrand breakage activity and strongly inhibits IL-2 production by Jurkat cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (IC50=~1.25 mM).
2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine is a derivative of the pyrimidine nucleoside uridine. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the replication of wild-type viruses by binding to the viral RNA. Hepatitis C polyU/UC RNA strands containing 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine, bind to RIG-I but do not activate RIG-I signaling in a reporter assay using Huh7 cells. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine also has been used as a starting material in the synthesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) polymerase inhibitors. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine can incorporate into DNA and RNA in rat and woodchuck model upon administration. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine can be studied in anti-viral research .
1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Hydroxyhydroquinone) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (HY-W010451). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Hydroxyhydroquinone) is an ER stress inducer that targets proteins such as PKR-like ER kinase PERK to induce cytotoxicity. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene selectively activates eIF2α phosphorylation, activates the PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway and induces stress granule formation. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene subsequently exacerbates oxidative stress and causes DNA double-strand breaks, destroying organelles such as mitochondria and ER, and inducing cell death. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene also has the potential to exhibit anti-tumor effect, increase blood pressure, and relieve spasm .
2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine-d2 is the deuterium labeled 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine . 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine is a derivative of the pyrimidine nucleoside uridine. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the replication of wild-type viruses by binding to the viral RNA. Hepatitis C polyU/UC RNA strands containing 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine, bind to RIG-I but do not activate RIG-I signaling in a reporter assay using Huh7 cells. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine also has been used as a starting material in the synthesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) polymerase inhibitors. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine can incorporate into DNA and RNA in rat and woodchuck model upon administration. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine can be studied in anti-viral research .
Hoechst S 769121 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE 32021 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE-S 785026 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE 33187 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE-S 785026 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 34580 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 34580 tetrahydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
ortho-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 analog is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
HOE 32020 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
meta-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
para-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog 3 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 analog 2 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33342 analog 2 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog 5 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog 2 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution .
Hoechst 33258 analog 6 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNAstrand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strandDNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution (Ex/Em = 356/451 nm) .
Biotin-PEG3-benzophenone is biotin-labeled Benzophenone (HY-Y0546). Benzophenone is an endogenous metabolite and a photosensitizer that has been implicated in photosensitive damage to DNA. Benzophenone causes nucleobase oxidation, formation of cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers, single-strand breaks, DNA-protein cross-links or abasic sites, different pathologies that may occur in nucleosides, oligonucleotides or DNA .
Ethidium homodimer (EthD-1) is a high-affinity fluorescent nucleic acid dye commonly used to stain mammals, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Ethidium homodimer binds to DNA or RNA, enhancing fluorescence more than 30 times. The Ethidium homodimer has a strong positive charge, so it cannot cross cell membranes and stain living cells; But the Ethidium homodimer can cross the disordered region of the dead cell membrane to reach the nucleus and embed the DNA double strand to produce red fluorescence. Therefore, Ethidium homodimer is a relatively sensitive nucleic acid stain that can accurately detect nucleic acids in solution or in decomposing cells. Ethidium homodimer binds DNA, Ex/Em=528/617 nm .
Methylproamine is a DNA-binding radioprotector, acts by repair of transient radiation-induced oxidative species on DNA. Methylproamine also protects against ionizing radiation by preventing DNA double-strand breaks .
8-Bromoadenine (8-Bromo-9H-purin-6-amine) is a DNA radiosensitizer that inhibits DNA single-strand break repair in cells. 8-Bromoadenine is a brominated derivative of adenine, and radioactive adenine can be prepared by replacing bromine with deuterium .
Selenocystine is a broad-spectrum anti-cancer agent. Selenocystine induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, particularly in the form of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Selenocystine exhibits great promise as a therapeutic or adjuvant agent targeting DNA repair for cancer treatment .
DNA-PK Substrate is a biological active peptide. (A substrate for DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), phosphorylation. DNA-PK is essential for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. This peptide corresponding to 11–24 amino acids of human p53 with threonine 18 and serine 20 changed to alanine is used as a substrate for the assay of DNA-PK activityPyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides may spontaneously form when either Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) is located at the sequence N-terminus. The conversion of Q or E to pGlu is a natural occurrence and in general it is believed that the hydrophobic γ-lactam ring of pGlu may play a role in peptide stability against gastrointestinal proteases. Pyroglutamyl peptides are therefore considered a normal subset of such peptides and are included as part of the peptide purity during HPLC analysis.)
N-Acetyl-DL-serine is a hydrophobic amino acid that is synthesized in the body and can be found as a free form or as a salt with malonate, phosphate, or acetate. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has also been used for the immobilization of DNA fragments on solid surfaces and can be used for protein synthesis and optical detection of DNAstrands .
Inotuzumab ozogamicin (CMC-544) is an anti-CD22antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Inotuzumab ozogamicin consists of a humanized IgG4 anti-CD22 mAb, covalently linked to Calicheamicin (HY-19609) via an acid-labile AcBut (HY-132261) linker. The antibody portion is Inotuzumab (HY-P99264), and the drug-linker conjugate for ADC is N-Ac-γ-Calicheamicin-AcBut-NHS ester (HY-103688). Inotuzumab ozogamicin binds to the minor groove of DNA, inducing double-strand cleavage and subsequent apoptosis. Inotuzumab ozogamicin can be used for the study of relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) .
Phleomycin is a copper-dependent DNA damaging agent and antibiotic with antitumor activity. Phleomycin binds to DNA and produces ROS in the presence of reducing agents (such as dithiothreitol and glutathione), inducing single-strand and double-strand breaks in DNA. Phleomycin can induce cell apoptosis or mutation and is widely used in cancer inhibition, microbial genetic transformation (as a screening marker to improve fungal transformation efficiency) and DNA repair mechanism research .
Selenocystine is a broad-spectrum anti-cancer agent. Selenocystine induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, particularly in the form of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Selenocystine exhibits great promise as a therapeutic or adjuvant agent targeting DNA repair for cancer treatment .
Rubitecan (RFS 2000), a Camptothecin derivative, is an orally active topoisomerase I inhibitor with broad antitumor activity, and induces protein-linked DNA single-strand breaks, thereby blocking DNA and RNA synthesis in dividing cells .
Depressine is an iridoid glycoside that can be isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Gentiana depressa. Depressine can be used to reduce oxidative DNA base damage and strand breaks that are prone to occur during the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) .
Furanodiene is a natural terpenoid isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae. Furanodiene plays anti-cancer effects through anti-angiogenesis and inducing ROS production, DNAstrand breaks and apoptosis. Furanodiene suppresseed efflux transporter Pgp (P-glycoprotein) function and reduced Pgp protein level .
Methylhydroquinone is an orally active COX inhibitor with IC50s of 480.7 μM and 52.2 μM for ovine COX-1 and human recombinant COX-2, respectively. Methylhydroquinone has potential DNA damaging effects: 1) inhibiting COX-1 to reduce prostaglandin synthesis and exert anti-inflammatory activity; 2) inducing DNA single-strand breaks. Methylhydroquinone exerts its effects by competitively binding to the active sites of COX-1 (such as Tyr385, Met522) and non-covalent interactions .
Bleomycin B2 (Phleomycin D2) is an anti-cancer agent that targets DNA. Bleomycin B2 causes DNAstrand breaks, thereby inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Bleomycin B2 is promising for research of cancers .
1-Cinnamoylpyrrolidine (Compound 3), a crude extract prepared from Piper caninum, is a DNAstrand scission agent, induces the relaxation of supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA .
1-Cinnamoylpyrrolidine (Compound 4) inhibits platelet aggregation induced by PAF with an IC50 of 37.3 μM .
Irisquinone, a natural product, is an anticancer agent. Irisquinone is also a radiation sensitizer for cancer. Irisquinone reduces GSH level and inhibits the repair of DNA singular strand breaks .
Sapurimycin is an antitumor antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces DO-116 and belongs to the capramycin family. Sapurimycin exhibits potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria and exhibits significant antitumor effects against leukemia P388 and sarcoma 180 in mouse models. In vitro studies have shown that Sapurimycin can induce single-strand breaks in supercoiled plasmid DNA .
Methylhydroquinone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methylhydroquinone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methylhydroquinone is an orally active COX inhibitor with IC50s of 480.7 μM and 52.2 μM for ovine COX-1 and human recombinant COX-2, respectively. Methylhydroquinone has potential DNA damaging effects: 1) inhibiting COX-1 to reduce prostaglandin synthesis and exert anti-inflammatory activity; 2) inducing DNA single-strand breaks. Methylhydroquinone exerts its effects by competitively binding to the active sites of COX-1 (such as Tyr385, Met522) and non-covalent interactions[1][2].
Eurycomalactone is an active quassinoid could be isolated from Eurycoma longifolia Jack. Eurycomalactone is a potent NF-κB inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.5 μM. Eurycomalactone inhibits protein synthesis and depletes cyclin D1. Eurycomalactone enhances radiosensitivity through arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase and delayed DNA double-strand break repair. Eurycomalactone inhibits the activation of AKT/NF-κB signaling, induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity to Cisplatin (HY-17394) .
5-Methylfurfural is a chemical that can be utilized as food additive, intermediate in the production of agrochemicals, and precursor of certain anti-cancer natural products. 5-Methylfurfural is formed during the photoexposition of ranitidine hydrochloride. 5-Methylfurfural is an organic compound. 5-Methylfurfural has a strong tendency to be further hydrogenated to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF). 5-Methylfurfural can predominantly evoke skin inflammation and barrier disintegration. 5-Methylfurfural degrades native DNA through the formation of single-strand breaks .
Hellebrigenin is an inhibitor that selectively targets the MAPK signaling pathway (ERK, p38, JNK) and XIAP, and can inhibit Akt expression and phosphorylation. Hellebrigenin can activate endogenous apoptosis pathways (such as mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, Caspase family activation, PARP cleavage), downregulate anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) and upregulate pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bak). Hellebrigenin can also induce DNA double-strand breaks to activate the ATM pathway. Hellebrigenin can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and clone formation, and is mainly used in the study of oral squamous cell carcinoma, liver cancer and other cancers .
5-Methylfurfural (Standard) is the analytical standard of 5-Methylfurfural. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 5-Methylfurfural is a chemical that can be utilized as food additive, intermediate in the production of agrochemicals, and precursor of certain anti-cancer natural products. 5-Methylfurfural is formed during the photoexposition of ranitidine hydrochloride. 5-Methylfurfural is an organic compound. 5-Methylfurfural has a strong tendency to be further hydrogenated to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF). 5-Methylfurfural can predominantly evoke skin inflammation and barrier disintegration. 5-Methylfurfural degrades native DNA through the formation of single-strand breaks .
1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Hydroxyhydroquinone) is an ER stress inducer that targets proteins such as PKR-like ER kinase PERK to induce cytotoxicity. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene selectively activates eIF2α phosphorylation, activates the PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway and induces stress granule formation. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene subsequently exacerbates oxidative stress and causes DNA double-strand breaks, destroying organelles such as mitochondria and ER, and inducing cell death. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene also has the potential to exhibit anti-tumor effect, increase blood pressure, and relieve spasm .
1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Hydroxyhydroquinone) (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (HY-W010451). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Hydroxyhydroquinone) is an ER stress inducer that targets proteins such as PKR-like ER kinase PERK to induce cytotoxicity. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene selectively activates eIF2α phosphorylation, activates the PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway and induces stress granule formation. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene subsequently exacerbates oxidative stress and causes DNA double-strand breaks, destroying organelles such as mitochondria and ER, and inducing cell death. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene also has the potential to exhibit anti-tumor effect, increase blood pressure, and relieve spasm .
SMUG1 protein is a single-function DNA glycosylase that plays a crucial role in base excision DNA repair, especially the recognition and repair of uracil (U) residues, preferentially recognizing mismatches (U/G) rather than matching (U/A).Its activity extends to the excision of 5-formyluracil (fU), 5-hydroxyuracil (hoU) and 5-hydroxymethyluracil (hmU) in single-stranded (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA).SMUG1 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived SMUG1 protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
Irinotecan-d10 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Irinotecan. Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNAstrand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex .
Irinotecan-d10 is a deuterium labeled Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan). Irinotecan ((+)-Irinotecan) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor, preventing religation of the DNAstrand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex .
VX-984 is an orally active, potent, selective and BBB-penetrated DNA-PK inhibitor. VX-984 efficiently inhibits NHEJ (non-homologous end joining) and increases DSBs (DNA double-strand breaks). VX-984 can be used for glioblastomas (GBM) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) research. VX-984 is a de novo deuterium .
N-Nitrosodibenzylamine-d4 is deuterium labeled N-Nitrosodibenzylamine. N-Nitrosodibenzylamine is a potent and orally activity DNA damage inducer. N-Nitrosodibenzylamine induces DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) .
N-Nitrosodibenzylamine-d10 is the deuterium labeled N-Nitrosodibenzylamine (HY-W159870). N-Nitrosodibenzylamine is a potent and orally activity DNA damage inducer. N-Nitrosodibenzylamine induces DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) .
Tempo-d18 is the deuterium labeled Tempo . Tempo is a classic nitroxide radical and is a selective scavenger of ROS that dismutases superoxide in the catalytic cycle. Tempo induces DNA-strand breakage. Tempo can be used as an organocatalyst for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. Tempo has mutagenic and antioxidant effects .
2,5-Deoxyfructosazine- 13C4 (NSC 270912- 13C4) is the 13C-labeled 2,5-Deoxyfructosazine (HY-135078). 2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is a pyrazine derivative that can be found in cured tobacco and is used as a flavoring agent in the food and tobacco industry. Pyrazines, including 2,5-deoxyfructosazine, can be produced either by pyrolytic decomposition of natural compounds or by the reaction of sugars with alcoholic ammonia. 2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is also formed by the breakdown of D-glucosamine at neutral pH. Like glucosamine, 2,5-deoxyfructosazine has DNAstrand breakage activity and strongly inhibits IL-2 production by Jurkat cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (IC50=~1.25 mM).
2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine-d2 is the deuterium labeled 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine . 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine is a derivative of the pyrimidine nucleoside uridine. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the replication of wild-type viruses by binding to the viral RNA. Hepatitis C polyU/UC RNA strands containing 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine, bind to RIG-I but do not activate RIG-I signaling in a reporter assay using Huh7 cells. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine also has been used as a starting material in the synthesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) polymerase inhibitors. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine can incorporate into DNA and RNA in rat and woodchuck model upon administration. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorouridine can be studied in anti-viral research .
X ray repair cross complementing protein 4; DNA repair protein XRCC4; DNA double strand break repair
WB, IHC-F, IHC-P, ICC/IF, IP
Human, Mouse, Rat
XRCC4 Antibody (YA1082) is a mouse-derived non-conjugated IgG1 antibody (Clone NO.: YA1082), targeting XRCC4, with a predicted molecular weight of 38 kDa (observed band size: 38-45 kDa). XRCC4 Antibody (YA1082) can be used for WB, IHC-F, IHC-P, ICC/IF, IP experiment in human, mouse, rat background.
DNAstrand exchange and recombination protein with protease and nuclease activity antibody; lexB antibody; Protein recA antibody; recH antibody; Recombinase A antibody;
ATP dependent DNA helicase II 80 kDa subunit; ATP dependent DNA helicase II 86 Kd subunit; ATP dependent DNA helicase II; ATP-dependent DNA helicase 2 subunit 2; ATP-dependent DNA helicase II 80 kDa subunit; CTC box binding factor 85 kDa; CTC box-binding factor 85 kDa subunit; CTC85; CTCBF; DNA repair protein XRCC5; Double strand break rejoining; FLJ39089; G22P2; KARP 1; KARP1; Ku 80; Ku autoantigen 80kDa; Ku80; Ku86; Ku86 autoantigen related protein 1; KUB 2; KUB2; Lupus Ku autoantigen protein p86; NFIV; Nuclear factor IV; Thyroid lupus autoantigen; Thyroid-lupus autoantigen; TLAA; X ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 5; double strand break rejoining; X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 5; double-strand-break rejoining; X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5; Xray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 5; XRCC 5; XRCC5; XRCC5_HUMAN.
Fozivudine tidoxil (BM-211290) is an orally active thioether lipid-zidovudine (ZDV) conjugate with anti-HIV activity. Fozivudine tidoxil, a member of the NRTI family of agent, is incorporated into the newly synthesized strand of DNA during intracellular viral replication and irreversibly binds viral RT which disrupts viral reverse-transcription . Fozivudine tidoxil is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
2'-O,4'-C-Methylenecytidine (LNA-C(Bz)) is a bicyclic nucleoside analogue with fixed N-type conformation. 2'-O,4'-C-Methylenecytidine can be used to synthesize oligonucleotides. 2'-O,4'-C-Methylenecytidine forms duplexes with complementary DNA and RNA strands .
The Cas9 protein, guided by sgRNA, induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at specific genomic locations, activating the cell's endogenous DNA repair mechanisms, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), or homology-directed repair (HDR), for repairing the targeted DSBs, enabling genome DNA target recognition and cleavage. LZCap AG(3'Acm) Cas9 mRNA can be used together with purified sgRNA, where the expressed Cas9 protein acts in conjunction with sgRNA to perform cleavage.
Inquiry Online
Your information is safe with us. * Required Fields.
