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MSN-125 is a potent Bax and Bak oligomerization inhibitor. MSN-125 prevents mitochondrial outermembrane permeabilization (MOMP) with an IC50 of 4 μM. MSN-125 potently inhibits Bax/Bak-mediated apoptosis in HCT-116, BMK Cells, and primary cortical neurons, protects primary neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity .
Polymyxin B nonapeptide is a cyclic peptide obtained from Polymyxin B by proteolytic removal of its terminal amino acyl residue. Polymyxin B nonapeptide is less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outermembranes .
Polymyxin B nonapeptide TFA is a cyclic peptide obtained from Polymyxin B by proteolytic removal of its terminal amino acyl residue. Polymyxin B nonapeptide TFA is less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outermembranes .
Tachyplesin I is a β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide that contains 17 amino acid residues. Tachyplesin I exhibits cytotoxic properties against various human tumor cell lines acting primarily by impairing the integrity of the outer cell membrane .
Tachyplesin I TFA is a β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide that contains 17 amino acid residues. Tachyplesin I TFA exhibits cytotoxic properties against various human tumor cell lines acting primarily by impairing the integrity of the outer cell membrane .
MsbA-IN-1 is a highly potent MsbA inhibitor with IC50 of 4 nM. MsbA-IN-1 has activity against wild-type E. coli with MIC of 79 μM. MsbA-IN-1 possesses sufficient permeability across the fully intact outermembrane of Gram-negative bacteria to inhibit MsbA .
Antibacterial agent 231 (derivative 8) is an antimicrobial agent against multidrug-resistant Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.25–0.5 μg/mL. Antibacterial agent 231 directly targets the protein transposase subunit SecA and the outermembrane protein assembly factor BamD to inhibit the trafficking and assembly of bacterial outermembrane proteins (OMPs). Antibacterial agent 231 can be used to study the effects of antibiotic treatment on intestinal microbial balance .
(KFF)3K is a cell penetrating peptide that can promote the absorption of other antibiotics by disrupting the outermembrane of bacteria. (KFF)3K can be introduced into a hydrocarbon scaffold to induce its antibacterial properties, making it an effective antimicrobial peptide. (KFF)3K can be used in the development of new antimicrobial agents .
Thanatin is an inducible cationic antimicrobial peptide. Thanatin is a pathogen-inducible single-disulfide-bond-containing β-hairpin AMP. Thanatin displays broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as against various species of fungi with MICs of 0.3-40 µM, 0.6-40 µM and 0.6-20 µM, respectively. Thanatin has the property of competitive replacement of divalent cations from bacterial outermembrane (OM), leading to OM disruption .
Cyclic L27-11 is a cyclic peptide-like antibiotic with strong antibacterial activity against specific bacteria such as Pseudomonas sp. Cyclic L27-11 shows nanomolar antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp., especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cyclic L27-11 interferes with the function of bacterial outermembrane protein LptD, preventing the normal transport of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leading to the accumulation of membrane-like substances in bacterial cells, which in turn affects the survival of bacteria. Cyclic L27-11 can be used in the development of antibacterial agents .
Thanatin TFA is an inducible cationic antimicrobial peptide. Thanatin TFA s a pathogen-inducible single-disulfide-bond-containing β-hairpin AMP. Thanatin TFA displays broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as against various species of fungi with MICs of 0.3-40 µM, 0.6-40 µM and 0.6-20 µM, respectively. Thanatin TFA has the property of competitive replacement of divalent cations from bacterial outermembrane (OM), leading to OM disruption .
(E)-2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-(4-(diethylamino)styryl)pyrylium (trifluoromethanesulfonate) (Compound 4a) is a Gram-negative outermembrane permeabilizer with synergistic antibacterial activity through the blockage on LptA/LptC interaction via targeting Met47 in LptA. (E)-2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-(4-(diethylamino)styryl)pyrylium (trifluoromethanesulfonate) potentiates pol B against both wild-typed and MDR A. baumannii and E. coli strains. (E)-2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-(4-(diethylamino)styryl)pyrylium (trifluoromethanesulfonate) can be used as antibiotic adjuvants against MDR Gram-negative bacteria .
BRD1401 is a small molecule targeting the outermembrane protein OprH. BRD1401 disrupts the interaction of OprH with LPS. BRD1401 can increase membrane fluidity .
(RFR)4XB is a cationic membrane-penetrating peptide. (RFR)4XB carries its cargo (the antisense oligomer) across the outermembrane of gram-negative bacteria .
Colistin sulfate is a polypeptide antibiotic which inhibits gram-negative bacteria by binding to lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids in the outer cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
JB-95 acetate, a β-hairpin macrocyclic peptide, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. JB-95 acetate can selectively disrupt the outermembrane but not the inner membrane of E. coli .
JB-95, a β-hairpin macrocyclic peptide, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. JB-95 can selectively disrupt the outermembrane but not the inner membrane of E. coli .
TSPO ligand-1 is the ligand of AUTAC4 (HY-134640) that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs. TSPO ligand-1 is a mitochondrial outermembrane transmembrane structural domain protein can bind to AUTAC4 and regulate mitochondrial autophagy to promote targeted mitochondrial renewal. TSPO ligand-1 is also involved in the transport of cholesterol from the outer to inner mitochondrial membrane and serves as a sensitive biomarker of brain injury and neurodegeneration .
ient S. Tm and hyperpermeable Escherichia coli. The potencies against WT strains of E. coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Burkholderia cenocepacia are also improved considerably (up to >128-fold) with the outer-membrane permeabi
22:0 PC (1,2-Didocosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), a type of phosphatidylcholine, functions as a lung surfactant and is characterized as an amphipathic molecule predominantly found in the outer leaflets of biological membrane bilayers.
5-Hydroxydecanoate sodium is a selective ATP-sensitive K + (KATP) channel blocker (IC50 of ~30 μM). 5-Hydroxydecanoate sodium is a substrate for mitochondrial outermembrane acyl-CoA synthetase and has antioxidant activity .
LAH4, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outermembrane of bacterial membranes .
ER-PhotoFlipper 32 is a ER tracker. ER-PhotoFlipper 32 can selectively label the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane with Flipper-TR 5 (HY-D2318). The ER-tracker attaches the PhotoFlipper covalently to the outer surface of the ER. ER-PhotoFlipper 32 can be applied to access plasma membrane asymmetry .
LAH4 TFA, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 TFA possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 TFA has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outermembrane of bacterial membranes .
Colistin (sulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Colistin (sulfate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Colistin sulfate is a polypeptide antibiotic which inhibits gram-negative bacteria by binding to lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids in the outer cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
Fenticonazole Nitrate is an antifungal imidazole ring derivative. Fenticonazole Nitrate operates via hindering ergosterol integration, and sequentially destructing the cytoplasmatic outermembrane. Fenticonazole Nitrate is effective against Gram-positive bacteria, mycoses, and vaginal candidiasis .
DiSBAC10 is a voltage-sensitive fluorescent probe used to study cell membrane electrical activity in FRET assays. In a resting polarized cell, DiSBAC10 resides on the outer leaflet of the membrane where it accepts photons from excited fluorescein-labeled proteins and re-emits the photons at a higher wavelength. Depolarization of the cell causes rapid translocation of DiSBAC10 to the inner leaflet of the membrane, thereby increasing the distance between fluorophores and reducing the FRET signal.
Hexokinase (ScHEX1) (EC 2.7.1.1) is a glycolytic enzyme hexokinase that is inhibited by n-acetylglucosamine. Inhibition of Hexokinase (ScHEX1) by n-acetylglucosamine leads to its separation from the mitochondrial outermembrane, resulting in activation of NLRP3 inflammasome .
Antibacterial agent 204 (Compd P2-56-3) possesses potentiated Rifampin (RIF) activity against Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibacterial agent 204 (Compd P2-56-3) disrupts the outermembrane of A. baumannii. T .
AcrB-IN-2 is an AcrB efflux pump inhibitor, with ability to potentiate the effect of antibiotics. AcrB-IN-22 inhibits Nile Red (a known substrate of AcrB) efflux.AcrB-IN-2 does not disrupts the bacterial outermembrane nor display toxicity in a nematode model .
Bid BH3 peptide is a small peptide derived from Bid protein that can bind and activate the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak, leading to mitochondrial outermembrane permeabilization (MOMP) and apoptosis. Bid BH3 peptide can be used to study mitochondrial bioenergetics .
Mitogenic Pentapeptide (Tripalmitoyl pentapeptide) is an effective activator of B lymphocyte mitogen and polyclonal. Mitogen Pentapeptide is a synthetic N-terminal analog of E. colioutermembrane lipoproteins (cysteinyl-seryl-seryl-asparaginyl-alanine). Mitogenic Pentapeptide can be used for the study of immune adjuvants .
mgc(3Me)FL is the active fluorescent form of mgc(3Me)FDA (HY-D2300) after hydrolysis in cells. mgc(3Me)FL subcellularly localizes to the Golgi apparatus and is a visualized Golgi probe. mgc(3Me)FL also binds to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM), causing the plasma membrane to fluoresce .
Efflux pump-IN-4 is an AcrB efflux pump inhibitor, with ability to potentiate the effect of antibiotics. Efflux pump-IN-4 inhibits Nile Red (a known substrate of AcrB) efflux. Efflux pump-IN-4 does not disrupts the bacterial outermembrane nor display toxicity in a nematode model .
Efflux pump-IN-3 is an AcrB efflux pump inhibitor, with ability to potentiate the effect of antibiotics. Efflux pump-IN-3 inhibits Nile Red (a known substrate of AcrB) efflux. Efflux pump-IN-3 does not disrupts the bacterial outermembrane nor display toxicity in a nematode model .
BI-6C9 is a highly specific BH3 interacting domain (Bid) inhibitor, which prevents mitochondrial outermembrane potential (MOMP) and mitochondrial fission, and protects the cells from mitochondrial apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) release and caspase-independent cell death in neurons .
MRL-494, an antibacterial agent, is a inhibitor of β-barrel assembly machine A (BamA) impervious to efflux and the outermembrane permeability barrier. MRL-494 can inhibits Gram-positive (MIC of 12.5 μM for Staphylococcus aureus COL) and Gram-negative (MIC of 25 μM for E. coli JCM158) bacterias .
Fenticonazole (Nitrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fenticonazole (Nitrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fenticonazole Nitrate is an antifungal imidazole ring derivative. Fenticonazole Nitrate operates via hindering ergosterol integration, and sequentially destructing the cytoplasmatic outermembrane. Fenticonazole Nitrate is effective against Gram-positive bacteria, mycoses, and vaginal candidiasis .
MRL-494 hydrochloride, an antibacterial agent, is a inhibitor of β-barrel assembly machine A (BamA) impervious to efflux and the outermembrane permeability barrier. MRL-494 hydrochloride can inhibits Gram-positive (MIC of 12.5 μM for Staphylococcus aureus COL) and Gram-negative (MIC of 25 μM for E. coli JCM158) bacterias .
Photoclick cholesterol is a sterol lipid cholesterol analog that contains a clickable terminal alkyne moiety and a photoactivatable diaziridine group. Photoclick cholesterol has the ability to photoaffinity label the mitochondrial outermembrane transport protein (TSPO) and is able to specifically bind cholesterol to TSPO. However, using excessive amounts of Photoclick cholesterol will reduce the photolabeling of total mitochondrial proteins and TSPO .
SPR206 acetate is a polymyxin analog with antibiotic activity against Gram-negative pathogens, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) variants. SPR206 acetate has an anti-bacterial infection effect by interacting with the bacterium’s outermembrane. The MIC values of SPR206 acetate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pa14 and Acinetobacter baumannii NCTC13301 are both 0.125 mg/L .
γ-glutamyltransferase, Porcine kidney (GGT, Porcine kidney) is an enzyme located on the outer surface of the cell membrane. Gamma glutamyltransferase maintains the physiological concentration of cytoplasmic glutathione and the cell's defense against oxidative stress by cleaving extracellular glutathione and increasing the availability of amino acids. Gamma glutamyltransferase can be used as a biomaterial or organic compound for life science related research .
MTX115325 (Example 1) is an orally active, brain-penetrating USP30 inhibitor (IC50=12 nM) with neuroprotective activity. MTX115325 increases ubiquitination (EC50=32 nM) of the mitochondrial outermembrane protein TOM20 (a USP30 substrate), increasing mitophagy. MTX115325 prevents dopaminergic neuron loss and preserves striatal dopamine .
Nourseothricin sulfate (Streptothricin sulfate) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that destroys the outermembrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is a dominant selective marker for Fonsecaea pedrosoi . Nourseothricin sulfate inhibits protein biosynthesis in prokaryotic cells and strongly inhibits the growth of eukaryotes like fungi and can also be used as a elective marker for a wide range of organisms including bacteria, yeast, filamentous fungi, and plant cells .
SPR741 acetate (NAB741 acetate) is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B and is a potentiator molecule. SPR741 acetate increases the permeability of the outermembrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat severe Gram-negative bacteria infections. SPR741 acetate inhibits multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The spectrum of activity of the antibiotic can be widened when used in combination with SPR741 acetate .
γ-glutamyltransferase, Human liver (GGT, Human liver) is an enzyme located on the outer surface of the cell membrane. γ-glutamyltransferase maintains the physiological concentration of cytoplasmic glutathione and the cell's defense against oxidative stress by cleaving extracellular glutathione and increasing the availability of amino acids. γ-glutamyltransferase can be used as a biomaterial or organic compound for life science related research .
SPR741 (NAB741) is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B and is a potentiator molecule. SPR741 increases the permeability of the outermembrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat severe Gram-negative bacteria infections. SPR741 inhibits multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The spectrum of activity of the antibiotic can be widened when used in combination with SPR741 .
Lewis X trisaccharide (Lewis X, Le x) is a potent TH2 regulator, antagonizes LPS-induced IL-12 immune expression. Lewis X trisaccharide is a human histo-blood group antigen, plays an key role in cell-cell adhesion, and servers as a tumor marker. Lewis X trisaccharide is highly expressed in the outermembrane of the parasite, can be used for the immunology research of schistosomiasis .
SPR741 TFA (NAB741 TFA) is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B and is a potentiator molecule. SPR741 TFA increases the permeability of the outermembrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat severe Gram-negative bacteria infections. SPR741 TFA inhibits multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The spectrum of activity of the antibiotic can be widened when used in combination with SPR741 TFA .
TSPO Ligand-Linker Conjugates 1 contains a ligand for translocator protein (TSPO) and a linker, which is used for the synthesis of mitochondria-targeting autophagy-targeting chimera (AUTAC). AUTAC can bind the TSPO on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) of mitochondria and degrades impaired mitochondria and proteins via mitophagy, and improves mitochondrial activity. TSPO Ligand-Linker Conjugates 1 can be used in mitochondrial dysfunction related research, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes .
TMB is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outermembrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
TMB dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB dihydrochloride is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB dihydrochloride can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB dihydrochloride can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outermembrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
TMB monosulfate is the monosulfate form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB monosulfate is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB monosulfate can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB monosulfate can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outermembrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
TMB (Standard) is the analytical standard of TMB. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. TMB is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outermembrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is the dihydrochloride x hydrate form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outermembrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
CAP 3 is a cholic acid-peptide conjugate (CAP) antimicrobial agent. CAP 3 effectively inhibits Gram-negative bacteria, with MIC99 (minimum inhibitory concentration for 99% bacterial killing) values of 8 μM, 16 μM, and 16 μM against E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, respectively. CAP 3 exerts its antibacterial effects by disrupting the structural integrity of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) outermembrane. CAP 3 rapidly kills bacteria, inhibits biofilm formation, and effectively combats drug-resistant strains and persistent bacterial infections .
MSN-50 is a Bax and Bak oligomerization inhibitor. MSN-50 efficiently inhibits liposome permeabilization, prevents genotoxic cell death and promotes neuroprotection .
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C18-HSL, one of four lipophilic long acyl side chain AHLs produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI, is involved in quorum-sensing signaling in strains of Rhizobium meliloti (a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of the legume M. sativa) . C18-HSL and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in the relatively lipophilic environment of bacterial cells and cannot diffuse freely across the cell membrane. Long-chain N-acyl homoserine lactones can be exported from cells by efflux pumps, or can be transported between communicating cells by extracellular outermembrane vesicles.
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for cell survival, differentiation, development, and homeostasis. The process of autophagy in mammalian cells is as follows: a portion of cytoplasm, including organelles, is enclosed by a phagophore or isolation membrane to form an autophagosome. The outermembrane of the autophagosome subsequently fuses with the endosome and then the lysosome, and the internal material is degraded. Autophagy plays a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles. Defective autophagy contributes to various pathologies, including infections, cancer, neurodegeneration, aging, and heart disease.
MCE provides a unique collection of 1,549 autophagy pathway-related compounds that is a useful tool for the research of autophagy-related regulation and diseases.
Normal mitochondrial function is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis because mitochondria produce ATP and are the major intracellular source of free radicals. Cellular dysfunctions induced by intracellular or extracellular insults converge on mitochondria and induce a sudden increase in permeability on the inner mitochondrial membrane, the so-called mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT). MMPT is caused by the opening of pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane, matrix swelling, and outermembrane rupture. The MMPT is an endpoint to initiate cell death because the pore opening together with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c activates the apoptotic pathway of caspases.
The normal operation of mitochondrial function is important for maintaining normal cell death and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. MCE offers a unique collection of 771 compounds with identified and potential mitochondrial protective activity. MCE Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library is critical for drug discovery and development.
TMB is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outermembrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
TMB dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB dihydrochloride is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB dihydrochloride can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB dihydrochloride can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outermembrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
TMB monosulfate is the monosulfate form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB monosulfate is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB monosulfate can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB monosulfate can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outermembrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
ER-PhotoFlipper 32 is a ER tracker. ER-PhotoFlipper 32 can selectively label the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane with Flipper-TR 5 (HY-D2318). The ER-tracker attaches the PhotoFlipper covalently to the outer surface of the ER. ER-PhotoFlipper 32 can be applied to access plasma membrane asymmetry .
DiSBAC10 is a voltage-sensitive fluorescent probe used to study cell membrane electrical activity in FRET assays. In a resting polarized cell, DiSBAC10 resides on the outer leaflet of the membrane where it accepts photons from excited fluorescein-labeled proteins and re-emits the photons at a higher wavelength. Depolarization of the cell causes rapid translocation of DiSBAC10 to the inner leaflet of the membrane, thereby increasing the distance between fluorophores and reducing the FRET signal.
mgc(3Me)FL is the active fluorescent form of mgc(3Me)FDA (HY-D2300) after hydrolysis in cells. mgc(3Me)FL subcellularly localizes to the Golgi apparatus and is a visualized Golgi probe. mgc(3Me)FL also binds to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM), causing the plasma membrane to fluoresce .
TMB (Standard) is the analytical standard of TMB. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. TMB is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outermembrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is the dihydrochloride x hydrate form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outermembrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C18-HSL, one of four lipophilic long acyl side chain AHLs produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI, is involved in quorum-sensing signaling in strains of Rhizobium meliloti (a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of the legume M. sativa) . C18-HSL and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in the relatively lipophilic environment of bacterial cells and cannot diffuse freely across the cell membrane. Long-chain N-acyl homoserine lactones can be exported from cells by efflux pumps, or can be transported between communicating cells by extracellular outermembrane vesicles.
Polymyxin B nonapeptide is a cyclic peptide obtained from Polymyxin B by proteolytic removal of its terminal amino acyl residue. Polymyxin B nonapeptide is less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outermembranes .
Polymyxin B nonapeptide TFA is a cyclic peptide obtained from Polymyxin B by proteolytic removal of its terminal amino acyl residue. Polymyxin B nonapeptide TFA is less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outermembranes .
Thanatin TFA is an inducible cationic antimicrobial peptide. Thanatin TFA s a pathogen-inducible single-disulfide-bond-containing β-hairpin AMP. Thanatin TFA displays broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as against various species of fungi with MICs of 0.3-40 µM, 0.6-40 µM and 0.6-20 µM, respectively. Thanatin TFA has the property of competitive replacement of divalent cations from bacterial outermembrane (OM), leading to OM disruption .
JB-95 acetate, a β-hairpin macrocyclic peptide, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. JB-95 acetate can selectively disrupt the outermembrane but not the inner membrane of E. coli .
Tachyplesin I is a β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide that contains 17 amino acid residues. Tachyplesin I exhibits cytotoxic properties against various human tumor cell lines acting primarily by impairing the integrity of the outer cell membrane .
Tachyplesin I TFA is a β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide that contains 17 amino acid residues. Tachyplesin I TFA exhibits cytotoxic properties against various human tumor cell lines acting primarily by impairing the integrity of the outer cell membrane .
(KFF)3K is a cell penetrating peptide that can promote the absorption of other antibiotics by disrupting the outermembrane of bacteria. (KFF)3K can be introduced into a hydrocarbon scaffold to induce its antibacterial properties, making it an effective antimicrobial peptide. (KFF)3K can be used in the development of new antimicrobial agents .
Thanatin is an inducible cationic antimicrobial peptide. Thanatin is a pathogen-inducible single-disulfide-bond-containing β-hairpin AMP. Thanatin displays broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as against various species of fungi with MICs of 0.3-40 µM, 0.6-40 µM and 0.6-20 µM, respectively. Thanatin has the property of competitive replacement of divalent cations from bacterial outermembrane (OM), leading to OM disruption .
Cyclic L27-11 is a cyclic peptide-like antibiotic with strong antibacterial activity against specific bacteria such as Pseudomonas sp. Cyclic L27-11 shows nanomolar antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp., especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cyclic L27-11 interferes with the function of bacterial outermembrane protein LptD, preventing the normal transport of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leading to the accumulation of membrane-like substances in bacterial cells, which in turn affects the survival of bacteria. Cyclic L27-11 can be used in the development of antibacterial agents .
(RFR)4XB is a cationic membrane-penetrating peptide. (RFR)4XB carries its cargo (the antisense oligomer) across the outermembrane of gram-negative bacteria .
JB-95, a β-hairpin macrocyclic peptide, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. JB-95 can selectively disrupt the outermembrane but not the inner membrane of E. coli .
LAH4, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outermembrane of bacterial membranes .
LAH4 TFA, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 TFA possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 TFA has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outermembrane of bacterial membranes .
Bid BH3 peptide is a small peptide derived from Bid protein that can bind and activate the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak, leading to mitochondrial outermembrane permeabilization (MOMP) and apoptosis. Bid BH3 peptide can be used to study mitochondrial bioenergetics .
Mitogenic Pentapeptide (Tripalmitoyl pentapeptide) is an effective activator of B lymphocyte mitogen and polyclonal. Mitogen Pentapeptide is a synthetic N-terminal analog of E. colioutermembrane lipoproteins (cysteinyl-seryl-seryl-asparaginyl-alanine). Mitogenic Pentapeptide can be used for the study of immune adjuvants .
SPR741 acetate (NAB741 acetate) is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B and is a potentiator molecule. SPR741 acetate increases the permeability of the outermembrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat severe Gram-negative bacteria infections. SPR741 acetate inhibits multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The spectrum of activity of the antibiotic can be widened when used in combination with SPR741 acetate .
SPR741 (NAB741) is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B and is a potentiator molecule. SPR741 increases the permeability of the outermembrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat severe Gram-negative bacteria infections. SPR741 inhibits multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The spectrum of activity of the antibiotic can be widened when used in combination with SPR741 .
SPR741 TFA (NAB741 TFA) is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B and is a potentiator molecule. SPR741 TFA increases the permeability of the outermembrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat severe Gram-negative bacteria infections. SPR741 TFA inhibits multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The spectrum of activity of the antibiotic can be widened when used in combination with SPR741 TFA .
Polymixin B is a mixture of B1 and B2 polypeptides obtained from different strains of Bacillus polymyxa, with antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria. It can bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the outermembrane of gram-negative bacteria and disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane by inducing large pores to allow nucleotide leakage in bacterial walls. This disrupts the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane.
Colistin sulfate is a polypeptide antibiotic which inhibits gram-negative bacteria by binding to lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids in the outer cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
Lewis X trisaccharide (Lewis X, Le x) is a potent TH2 regulator, antagonizes LPS-induced IL-12 immune expression. Lewis X trisaccharide is a human histo-blood group antigen, plays an key role in cell-cell adhesion, and servers as a tumor marker. Lewis X trisaccharide is highly expressed in the outermembrane of the parasite, can be used for the immunology research of schistosomiasis .
Colistin (sulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Colistin (sulfate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Colistin sulfate is a polypeptide antibiotic which inhibits gram-negative bacteria by binding to lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids in the outer cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
Outer membrane protein F (OmpF) facilitates the formation of pores, enabling the passive diffusion of small molecules across the bacterial outer membrane. Beyond its role in membrane permeability, OmpF serves as a crucial receptor for the bacteriophage T2 and is considered the primary receptor for colicin E5, playing a probable role in the mechanisms associated with these interactions. Outer membrane protein F/OmpF Protein, E.coli (His, myc) is the recombinant E. coli-derived Outer membrane protein F/OmpF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-Myc, N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of Outer membrane protein F/OmpF Protein, E.coli (His, myc) is 340 a.a., with molecular weight of ~44.1 kDa.
Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) ensures the structural integrity of the bacterial cell wall and cooperates with TolR to stabilize the peptidoglycan layer. As a porin, OmpA controls the permeability of small solutes. Outer membrane protein A/OmpA Protein, E.coli (His-SUMO) is the recombinant E. coli-derived Outer membrane protein A/OmpA protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-SUMO, N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of Outer membrane protein A/OmpA Protein, E.coli (His-SUMO) is 183 a.a., with molecular weight of ~35.6 kDa.
Outer membrane protein C (OmpC) acts as a pore-forming protein that facilitates the passive diffusion of small molecules across the bacterial outer membrane. Notably, in Klebsiella pneumoniae, OmpC has been shown to bind the C1Q component and activate the classical pathway of the complement system. Outer membrane protein C/OmpC Protein, Klebsiella pneumoniae (His, myc) is the recombinant Outer membrane protein C/OmpC protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-10*His, C-Myc labeled tag. The total length of Outer membrane protein C/OmpC Protein, Klebsiella pneumoniae (His, myc) is 342 a.a., with molecular weight of ~45.0 kDa.
Outer membrane porin C (OmpC) functions as a channel, creating pores that facilitate passive diffusion of small molecules across the bacterial outer membrane. In the context of microbial infection, OmpC plays a role in supporting the entry of colicin E5 even in the absence of its primary receptor OmpF. Outer membrane porin C/OmpC Protein, E.coli (His-SUMO) is the recombinant E. coli-derived Outer membrane porin C/OmpC protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
Outer membrane protein X/OmpX protein is an important member of the outer membrane OOP (TC 1.B.6) superfamily, specifically belonging to the OmpX family. It plays a vital role in cellular processes and shares common structural and functional features among the OmpX family. Outer membrane protein X/OmpX Protein, E.coli (Myc, His) is the recombinant E. coli-derived Outer membrane protein X/OmpX protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, C-Myc labeled tag.
Vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1 homolog (VMO1) is first characterized in the outer layer of the vitelline membrane of hen’s eggs, where VMO1is present together with lysozyme, VMO2, and ovomucin. VMO1 is a secreted protein and exerts important functions in inner ear and tear film, VMO1 may also interact with glycosylated proteins. VMO1 Protein, Human (HEK293) is the recombinant human-derived VMO1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with tag free.
Outer membrane porin C/OmpC Protein facilitates substance transport across the bacterial outer membrane, forming homotrimeric pores for passive diffusion of small molecules, crucial for maintaining cell envelope permeability. Outer membrane porin C/OmpC Protein, E.coli (Myc, His-SUMO) is the recombinant E. coli-derived Outer membrane porin C/OmpC protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, C-Myc, N-SUMO labeled tag.
LolA Protein translocates lipoproteins from bacterial inner to outer membranes, forming a complex dependent on the absence of aspartate after the N-terminal cysteine. Aspartate signals lipoproteins to stay in the inner membrane. LolA, as a monomer, efficiently moves lipoproteins between bacterial membrane compartments. LolA Protein, E.coli (P.pastoris, His) is the recombinant E. coli-derived LolA protein, expressed by P. pastoris , with N-His labeled tag.
Vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1 homolog (VMO1) is first characterized in the outer layer of the vitelline membrane of hen鈥檚 eggs, where VMO1is present together with lysozyme, VMO2, and ovomucin. VMO1 is a secreted protein and exerts important functions in inner ear and tear film, VMO1 may also interact with glycosylated proteins. VMO1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived VMO1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag.
Vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1 homolog (VMO1) is first characterized in the outer layer of the vitelline membrane of hen鈥檚 eggs, where VMO1is present together with lysozyme, VMO2, and ovomucin. VMO1 is a secreted protein and exerts important functions in inner ear and tear film, VMO1 may also interact with glycosylated proteins. VMO1 Protein, Human (HEK293, Fc) is the recombinant human-derived VMO1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-mFc labeled tag.
ROM1 protein is involved in rod outer segment (ROS) morphogenesis, and may work with PRPH2 to maintain the structure of the curved intervertebral disc and organize ROS, thus affecting the intervertebral disc diameter. In addition, ROM1 is involved in protecting the retinal outer nuclear layer. ROM1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived ROM1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
BamA is a key member of the outer membrane protein assembly complex (Bam), which concentrates the assembly of β-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. Together with BamD, BamA forms the core mechanism of this process, which relies on the coordinated action of all five subunits. BamA Protein, E.coli (Myc, His) is the recombinant E. coli-derived BamA protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-10*His, C-Myc labeled tag.
CYB5B Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived CYB5B protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of CYB5B Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 107 a.a., with molecular weight of ~22.0 kDa.
Protease 7/OmpT protein is a multifunctional enzyme that can cleave a variety of substrates, such as T7 RNA polymerase, ferric enterobactin receptor protein (FEP), and the antimicrobial peptide protamine. Its unique specificity for paired basic residues suggests a preference for specific amino acid configurations. Protease 7/OmpT Protein, E.coli (His) is the recombinant E. coli-derived Protease 7/OmpT protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
Protease 7, or OmpT, displays unique proteolytic capabilities, cleaving diverse substrates like T7 RNA polymerase, ferric enterobactin receptor protein (FEP), and protamine. With specificity for paired basic residues, it selectively targets substrates with such motifs, highlighting its pivotal role in diverse biological processes and protein regulation. Protease 7/OmpT Protein, E.coli (His-SUMO) is the recombinant E. coli-derived Protease 7/OmpT protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
SLC25A46 is a mitochondrial outer membrane transmembrane protein that critically regulates mitochondrial organization by affecting the MICOS complex and participating in mitochondrial cristae biogenesis. Its association with EMC suggests involvement in mitochondrial lipid homeostasis and fission. SLC25A46 Protein, Human (Sf9, His, MBP, FLAG) is the recombinant human-derived SLC25A46 protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with N-MBP, C-Flag, N-8*His labeled tag. The total length of SLC25A46 Protein, Human (Sf9, His, MBP, FLAG) is 417 a.a., .
TOMM20 Antibody (YA1380) is a rabbit-derived non-conjugated IgG antibody (Clone NO.: YA1380), targeting TOMM20, with a predicted molecular weight of 16 kDa (observed band size: 16 kDa). TOMM20 Antibody (YA1380) can be used for WB, IHC-F, IHC-P, ICC/IF experiment in human, hamster background.
Photoclick cholesterol is a sterol lipid cholesterol analog that contains a clickable terminal alkyne moiety and a photoactivatable diaziridine group. Photoclick cholesterol has the ability to photoaffinity label the mitochondrial outermembrane transport protein (TSPO) and is able to specifically bind cholesterol to TSPO. However, using excessive amounts of Photoclick cholesterol will reduce the photolabeling of total mitochondrial proteins and TSPO .
22:0 PC (1,2-Didocosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), a type of phosphatidylcholine, functions as a lung surfactant and is characterized as an amphipathic molecule predominantly found in the outer leaflets of biological membrane bilayers.
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