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(Rac)-Idroxioleic acid (2-Hydroxyoleic acid) is a synthetic oleic acid (OA) derivative that binds to the plasmamembrane and alters lipid organization. (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid has anti-tumor effect .
Caloxin 2A1 is an extracellular plasmamembrane Ca 2+-ATPase (PMCA) peptide inhibitor. Caloxin 2A1 does not affect basal Mg 2+-ATPase or Na +-K +-ATPase .
PM-1, a derivative of Thioflavin-T (ThT; HY-D0218), is a small but highly specific plasmamembrane (PM) fluorescent dye for specific and long-time membrane imaging of living and fixed cells. PM-1 is embedded directly into the cell membrane and exhibits a very long retention time on the plasmamembrane with a half-life of approximately 15 h. PM-1 can be used in combination with protein labeling probes to study ectodomain shedding and endocytosis processes of cell surface proteins .
Caloxin 2A1 TFA is an extracellular plasmamembrane Ca 2+-ATPase (PMCA) peptide inhibitor. Caloxin 2A1 TFA does not affect basal Mg 2+-ATPase or Na +-K +-ATPase .
Zymosterol is a Cholesterol (HY-N0322) biosynthesis metabolite. Zymosterol, a precursor of Cholesterol, is found mostly in the plasmamembrane. Zymosterol circulates within the cell .
1,2-DImyristoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), a zwitterionic phospholipid, is chosen as a simple eukaryotic cell membrane, mimicking the neutral charge of the surface membrane of eukaryotic plasmamembranes .
cPcAMP1/26 is an antimicrobial peptide. cPcAMP1/26 effectively kills A.hydrophila and S. aureus. cPcAMP1/26 induces depolarization of the bacterial plasmamembrane, and increases intracellular ROS levels .
FR-167356 is a potent, orally active and selective vacuolar ATPase inhibitor with IC50 values of 170, 220, 370, and 1200 nM for osteoclast plasmamembranes, macrophage microsomes, renal brush border membranes, and liver lysosomal membranes, respectively. FR-167356 inhibits bone resorption and ovariectomy-induced bone loss .
Mem-C1C18 is a polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe with excellent plasmamembrane anchoring, high brightness and a sensitive response to environmental polarity by altering the fluorescence lifetime. Mem-C1C18 can be used to quantify changes in the polarity of the plasmamembrane during iron death .
C6 NBD Sphingomyelin is a fluorescent short-chain analogue of Sphingomyelin (HY-113498). Chlamydia trachomatis acquires C6 NBD Sphingomyelin endogenously synthesizes from C6-NBD-ceramide and transportes to the chlamydial inclusion. C6 NBD Sphingomyelin can incorporate into the plasmamembrane .
Antifungal agent 38 is a geterocyclic disulfide, an antifungal and antibacterial agent. Antifungal agent 38 induces the shrinkage of hyphae, disrupts the integrity of the plasmamembrane, and causes the damage and leakage of cell contents .
Antimicrobial agent-24 (compound E8) is a hydrazide compound with excellent and broad-spectrum fungicidal activities. Antimicrobial agent-24 affects the normal function of the plasmamembrane, further generating changes in the morphology and subcellular structure of mycelia .
RW3 is a small cationic hexapeptide with amphiphilic properties. RW3 targets the plasmamembrane of bacteria and works by inhibiting cell respiration and cell wall synthesis. RW3 shows high biological activity against gram-positive bacteria and does not show significant cytotoxic or hemolytic effects in previous studies. RW3 quickly kills 97% of the initial colony forming units (CFU) within 10 minutes at twice the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). RW3 can be used in antimicrobial and antifungal studies .
Flipper-TR 5 is a Flipper probe that contains a terminal carboxylate for retention on the plasmamembrane. Flipper-TR 5 can selectively label the plasmamembrane and exhibits excellent mechanosensitivity, negligible cytotoxicity, and manageable phototoxicity .
Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Caloxin 3A1 is a biological active peptide. (This peptide belongs to caloxins, the extracellular plasmamembrane (PM) Ca2+ pump inhibitors. Caloxin 3A1 inhibits plasmamembrane calcium pumps (PMCAs) but not the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-pump. This peptide does not inhibit formation of the acylphosphate intermediate from ATP.)
ER-PhotoFlipper 32 is a ER tracker. ER-PhotoFlipper 32 can selectively label the inner leaflet of the plasmamembrane with Flipper-TR 5 (HY-D2318). The ER-tracker attaches the PhotoFlipper covalently to the outer surface of the ER. ER-PhotoFlipper 32 can be applied to access plasmamembrane asymmetry .
thio-Miltefosine is a modulator of rafts in membrane tissue. Rafts are nanoscale aggregates of different lipids and proteins that profoundly affect cellular function. Thio-Miltefosine modulates membrane phase behavior on cell-derived giant plasmamembrane vesicles .
lsocryptomerin is a membrane-active antifungal compound that can be isolated from Selaginella tamariscina. lsocryptomerin can depolarize fungal plasmamembrane. lsocryptomerin also shows anticancer and antibacterial activities .
Cholesterol-d is the deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol-d7 is the deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol- 13C3 is the 13C-labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol-d6-1 is the deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol- 13C5 is the 13C-labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol- 13C2 is the 13C labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol-d6 is the deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol-d4 is deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol- 18O is the deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cholesterol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
TMA-DPH is a hydrophobic fluorescent membrane probe (Ex=355 nm; Em=430 nm). TMA-DPH is able to anchor on the cell surface and localize to different regions of the phospholipid bilayer. By analyzing the fluorescence polarization values of TMA-DPH in the plasmamembrane and membrane substructures, the fluidity of the cell membrane can be determined .
2-Arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phospholipid molecule that is a major component of the plasmamembrane. It is a phospholipid molecule that is involved in the regulation of membrane fluidity, signal transduction, cell-cell communication, and mediator of inflammation.
Cholesterol Water Soluble is a major sterol in mammals, constituting 20-25% of the structural composition of the plasmamembrane. The plasmamembrane is highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol Water Soluble plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of membranes and the function of transporters and signaling proteins. Cholesterol Water Soluble is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) agonist. Cholesterol Water Soluble can be used to study the effects of cholesterol on potassium currents in inner hair cells .
Piperulin A is a potent inhibitor of PAFR. Piperulin A inhibits the specific binding of PAFR on isolated rabbit platelet plasmamembranes with an IC50 of 7.3 μM .
mgc(3Me)FL is the active fluorescent form of mgc(3Me)FDA (HY-D2300) after hydrolysis in cells. mgc(3Me)FL subcellularly localizes to the Golgi apparatus and is a visualized Golgi probe. mgc(3Me)FL also binds to the outer leaflet of the plasmamembrane (PM), causing the plasmamembrane to fluoresce .
9-OxoODE results from oxidation of the allylic hydroxyl of either 9(S)- or 9(R)-HODE. Rabbit reticulocyte plasma and mitochondrial membranes contain both 9- and 13-oxoODEs, representing about 2% of the total linoleate residues in the membranes. Most of these oxidized linoleate residues are esterified to membrane lipids.
Ziapin 2 is a molecular optomechanical light transducer. Ziapin 2 is an amphiphilic azobenzene with a strong non-covalent affinity to the plasmamembrane. Ziapin 2 can be used to photo-modulate the membrane potential in cells of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Ziapin 2 enters the lipid membrane very rapidly (≈ 40 ns) .
Lactosylceramide (bovine buttermilk) (LacCer (bovine buttermilk)) is a sphingolipid that highly expressed on the plasmamembranes of human phagocytes. Lactosylceramide mediates phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and superoxide generation .
Alkaline phosphatase (Apase), Human liver is a glycoprotein bound to plasmamembranes that hydrolyzes several monophosphate esters optimally at an alkaline pH with the release of inorganic phosphates .
Syringomycin E is an antifungal cyclic lipodepsinonapeptide. Syringomycin E exhibits growth inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae through interaction with the plasmamembrane. Syringomycin E causes K + efflux, Ca 2+ influx, and changes in membrane potential, and is related to channel formation .
D011-2120 functions as an antiviral agent by inhibiting microtubule polymerization, disrupting the Golgi complex, and preventing viral trafficking to the plasmamembrane during the virus egress process.
(+)-Oxanthromicin (Compound 1) mislocalizes the oncogenic mutant K-Ras from the plasmamembrane of intact Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, and exhibits thereby antitumor efficacy .
Bestim is a dipeptide, which exhibits high affinity to murine peritoneal macrophages, thymocytes, and plasmamembranes isolated from these cells, with Kds of 3.1, 2.1, 18.6 and 16.7 nM, respectively. Bestim inhibits adenylate cyclase in the membranes of murine macrophages and thymocytes. Bestim exhibits immunomodulatory efficacy .
Triclabendazole sulfoxide (TCBZ-SO) is the main plasma metabolite of Triclabendazole, and exhibits anti-parasite effects. Triclabendazole sulfoxide can inhibit membrane transporter ABCG2/BCRP .
BTCy is a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probe with polarity-responsive and cell plasmamembrane-targeting properties. BTCy can be used for in vivo imaging of tumor tissue (λex = 561 nm, λem = 600-700 nm) .
Celangulin is an insecticidal component isolated from Celastrus angulatus. Celangulin activates the calcium channel on the plasmamembrane with increasing the intracellular Ca 2+ after influx from the external. Celangulin activates the calcium channel in the ER .
Thiocholesterol is a member of the class of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) that can be used to synthesis cationic lipid. Thiocholesterol is a stronger stabilizer of silver nanoparticles (SNPs). Thiocholesterol can be used for plasmamembrane research and drug delivery .
BODIPY-cholesterol conjugate-3 (compound 7) is a cholesterol analogue with a fluorescent BODIPY group. BODIPY-cholesterol conjugate-3 can be used to simultaneously visualize multiple cholesterol pools in cells, as it is primarily localized to the plasmamembrane .
Bromocresol purple is a pH indicator, whose color changes from yellow to purple when the pH increases from 5.2 to 6.8. Bromocresol purple can be used for detecting yeast cells with plasmamembrane damage .
DAF-FM DA (Diaminofluorescein-FM diacetate) is a fluorescent probe for the detection and bioimaging of nitric oxide (NO). DAF-FM DA spontaneously crosses the plasmamembrane and is subsequently cleaved by esterases to generate intracellular DAF-FM (Ex/Em=495/515 nm) .
Nepodin (Musizin) is a quinone oxidoreductase (PfNDH2) inhibitor isolate from Rumex crispus .Nepodin (Musizin) stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasmamembrane by activation of AMPK .Nepodin (Musizin) has antidiabetic and antimalarial activities.
OSBPL7-IN-1 is an orally active oxysterol binding protein like 7 (OSBPL7) inhibitor. OSBPL7-IN-1 promotes an increase of ABCA1 at the plasmamembrane without affecting mRNA expression .
BH-Vis is a two-photon fluorescent probe that inhibits cell plasmamembrane (CPM). BH-Vis has great potential to accurately identify pyroptosis at the cellular level during AAA development in the mouse abdominal aortic aneurysm AAA model .
Dicyclomine hydrochloride is a potent and orally active muscarinic cholinergic receptors antagonist. Dicyclomine hydrochloride shows high affinity for muscarinic M1 receptor subtype (Ki=5.1 nM) and M2 receptor subtype (Ki=54.6 nM) in brush-border membrane and basal plasmamembranes, respectively . Dicyclomine is an antispasmodic agent and relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract in vivo .
Cerebrocrast (IOS-1.1212) is a 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) derivative. Cerebrocrast has a high affinity for the membrane lipid bilayer and it can easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier and incorporate into the plasma and organelle membranes, including those of mitochondria. Cerebrocrast promotes the cotransport of H+ and Cl- in rat liver mitochondria. Cerebrocrast also exhibits neuroprotective and cognition enhancer properties .
Endoplasmic reticulum dye 1 is a promising live cell imaging agent for the detection of exocytotic events at the plasmamembrane. Endoplasmic reticulum dye 1 shows low cytotoxicity, resistance to photobleaching , which is ideal for imaging either short- or long-time courses .
Dicyclomine (Dicycloverine) is a potent and orally active muscarinic cholinergic receptors antagonist. Dicyclomine (Dicycloverine) shows high affinity for muscarinic M1 receptor subtype (Ki=5.1 nM) and M2 receptor subtype (Ki=54.6 nM) in brush-border membrane and basal plasmamembranes, respectively . Dicyclomine is an antispasmodic agent and relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract in vivo .
Natamycin (Pimaricin) is a macrolide antibiotic agent produced by several Streptomyces strains. Natamycin inhibits the growth of fungi via inhibition of amino acid and glucose transport across the plasmamembrane. Natamycin is a food preservative, an antifungal agent in agriculture, and is widely used for fungal keratitis research .
cis-ACBD is a potent and selective inhibitor of the high-affinity, Na +-dependent plasmamembraneglutamate transporter. cis-ACBD is a glutamate reuptake inhibitor. cis-ACBD also acts as linear competitive inhibitor of the uptake of D-[3H]aspartate .
Triclabendazole sulfoxide-d3 is the deuterium labeled Triclabendazole sulfoxide. Triclabendazole sulfoxide (TCBZ-SO) is the main plasma metabolite of Triclabendazole, and exhibits anti-parasite effects. Triclabendazole sulfoxide can inhibit membrane transporter ABCG2/BCRP[1][2].
R59949 is a pan diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) inhibitor with an IC50 of 300 nM. R59949 strongly inhibits the activity of type I DGK α and γ and moderately attenuates the activity of type II DGK θ and κ. R59949 activates protein kinase C (PKC) by enhancing the levels of the endogenous ligand diacyl glycerol .
Poacic Acid is a plant-derived stilbenoid with an antifungal activity. Poacic Acid localizes to the yeast cell wall and disrupts the production and assembly of β-1,3-glucan in the fungal cell walls. Poacic Acid exhibits fungicidal activity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and plasma membrane-compromised Candida albicans mutants .
β-D-Galactose pentaacetate is a negative regulator of insulin with plasmamembrane penetrating ability and can be hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases. β-D-Galactose pentaacetate inhibits leucine-induced insulin release in Wistar rat islets, potentially preventing excessive insulin release in pathological conditions .
Triclabendazole sulfoxide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Triclabendazole sulfoxide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Triclabendazole sulfoxide (TCBZ-SO) is the main plasma metabolite of Triclabendazole, and exhibits anti-parasite effects. Triclabendazole sulfoxide can inhibit membrane transporter ABCG2/BCRP .
BODIPY TR methyl ester is a lipophilic GFP Counterstain. BODIPY TR methyl ester dye readily permeates cell membranes and localizes in endomembranous organelles but not localize strongly in plasmamembranes. BODIPY TR methyl ester is an excellent red fluorescent vital dye (Ex=568 nm, Em=625 nm), can be used to reveal the location and shapes of cell nuclei, the shapes of cells within embryonic tissues, as well as the bound aries of organ-forming tissues within the whole embryo .
Dicyclomine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dicyclomine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dicyclomine hydrochloride is a potent and orally active muscarinic cholinergic receptors antagonist. Dicyclomine hydrochloride shows high affinity for muscarinic M1 receptor subtype (Ki=5.1 nM) and M2 receptor subtype (Ki=54.6 nM) in brush-border membrane and basal plasmamembranes, respectively . Dicyclomine is an antispasmodic agent and relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract in vivo .
AJH-836 is an activator of Munc13-1 and PKC ε/α (Kd: 4.5 nM for PKCα) . AJH-836 triggers the translocation of Munc13-1 from the cytoplasm to the plasmamembrane. AJH-836 can be used for research of neurodegenerative diseases .
Protonstatin-1 is a selective plasmamembrane (PM) H +-ATPase inhibitor (IC50 of 3.9 μM) that inhibits auxin transport. Protonstatin-1 interacts with the PM H +-ATPase central loop and may thus impede the functions of the N- and/or P-domain to inhibit the pump activity .
Dicyclomine-d4 is the deuterium labeled Dicyclomine[1]. Dicyclomine (Dicycloverine) is a potent and orally active muscarinic cholinergic receptors antagonist. Dicyclomine (Dicycloverine) shows high affinity for muscarinic M1 receptor subtype (Ki=5.1 nM) and M2 receptor subtype (Ki=54.6 nM) in brush-border membrane and basal plasmamembranes, respectively[2]. Dicyclomine is an antispasmodic agent and relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract in vivo[3].
Thiazolyl Blue (MTT) is a cell-permeable and positively charged tetrazolium dye that is used to detect reductive metabolism in cells. Thiazolyl Blue is taken up by cells through the plasmamembrane and then reduced to formazan by intracellular NAD (P) H-oxidoreductases. Thiazolyl Blue is frequently used in colorimetric assays to measure cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis .
Triclabendazole sulfoxide- 13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Triclabendazole sulfoxide. Triclabendazole sulfoxide (TCBZ-SO) is the main plasma metabolite of Triclabendazole, and exhibits anti-parasite effects. Triclabendazole sulfoxide can inhibit membrane transporter ABCG2/BCRP[1][2].
BF844 mitigate hearing loss associated with USH3 (usher syndrome type III) mutation CLRN1 (clarin-1) N48K. BF844 induces CLRN1 N48K transportes to the plasmamembrane. BF844 shows significantly preserves hearing in vivo .
13-HPOT, a linolenic fatty acid hydroperoxide, is an antibacterial agent. 13-HPOT has a strong dose response effect on three plant pathogen gram negative bacteria: Pectobacterium carotovorum, Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas translucens. 13-HPOT can interact with the lipid representative of the inner bacterial plasmamembrane .
Nepodin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nepodin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nepodin (Musizin) is a quinone oxidoreductase (PfNDH2) inhibitor isolate from Rumex crispus .Nepodin (Musizin) stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasmamembrane by activation of AMPK .Nepodin (Musizin) has antidiabetic and antimalarial activities.
Nystatin is an orally active polyene antifungal antibiotic effective against yeast and mycoplasma. Nystatin increases the permeability of plasmamembranes to small monovalent ions, including chloridion . Nystatin is a cholesterol-sequestering agent , partially prevents Oxaliplatin-induced lipid raft aggregation, DR4 and DR5 clustering, and thereby reduces apoptosis .
8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
Neurokinin Receptor (393-407), rat (SPR393–407) is a rat neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) fragment. NK1R is rapidly internalized by endocytosis and recycled to the plasmamembrane when binding to substance P (SP). Neurokinin Receptor (393-407), rat can be used in the research of neurogenic inflammation .
CFTR corrector 12 (compound 17C) is a bithiazole derivative, serving as CFTR corrector. CFTR corrector 12 has the ability to correct some folding defective mutants of the channel responsible for the control of chloride transport across the plasmamembrane. CFTR corrector 12 recovers the α-sarcoglycan (α-SG) content in mutant cells .
ML356 (Compound 16) is an inhibitor for fatty acid synthase (FAS), that inhibits the thioesterase domain of FAS (FAS TE) with an IC50 of 0.334 μM, and blocks the de novo palmitate synthesis in PC-3 cell with an IC50 of 20 μM. ML356 exhibits good membrane permeability, and good stability in human and mouse plasma .
Corr4A is a chemical corrector, which can be used for cystic fibrosis. Corr4A interacts directly with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) or affects indirectly its folding process. Corr4A increases the expression of CFTR ΔF508 on the cell surface, thereby improving its transport to the plasmamembrane and increasing the stability of the rescued mutant protein .
Natamycin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Natamycin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Natamycin (Pimaricin) is a macrolide antibiotic agent produced by several Streptomyces strains. Natamycin inhibits the growth of fungi via inhibition of amino acid and glucose transport across the plasmamembrane. Natamycin is a food preservative, an antifungal agent in agriculture, and is widely used for fungal keratitis research .
CLP257 is a selective K +-Cl ? cotransporter KCC2 activator with an EC50 of 616 nM. CLP257 is inactive against NKCC1, GABAA receptors, KCC1, KCC3 or KCC4. CLP257 restores impaired Cl ? transport in neurons with diminished KCC2 activity. CLP257 alleviates hypersensitivity in rats with neuropathic pain. CLP257 modulates plasmalemmal KCC2 protein turnover post-translationally .
BAPTA is a selective chelator for calcium. BAPTA, as calcium indicator, has high selectivity against magnesium and calcium. BAPTA is widely used as an intracellular buffer for investigating the effects of Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores or influx via Ca 2+-permeable channels in the plasmamembrane. BAPTA can also inhibit phospholipase C activity independently of their role as Ca 2+ chelators .
GW604714X is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration supported by pyruvate but not other substrates. GW604714X is a highly specific mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) inhibitor with a Ki <0.1 nM. GW604714X also inhibits L-lactate transport by the plasmamembrane monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1), but at concentrations more than 4 orders of magnitude greater than the MPC .
BAPTA tetrapotassium is a selective chelator for calcium. BAPTA, as calcium indicator, has high selectivity against magnesium and calcium. BAPTA tetrapotassium is widely used as an intracellular buffer for investigating the effects of Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores or influx via Ca 2+-permeable channels in the plasmamembrane. BAPTA tetrapotassium can also inhibit phospholipase C activity independently of their role as Ca 2+ chelators .
Nystatin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nystatin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nystatin is an orally active polyene antifungal antibiotic effective against yeast and mycoplasma. Nystatin increases the permeability of plasmamembranes to small monovalent ions, including chloridion . Nystatin is a cholesterol-sequestering agent , partially prevents Oxaliplatin-induced lipid raft aggregation, DR4 and DR5 clustering, and thereby reduces apoptosis .
BAPTA tetrasodium is a selective chelator for calcium. BAPTA tetrasodium, as calcium indicator, has high selectivity against magnesium and calcium. BAPTA tetrasodium is widely used as an intracellular buffer for investigating the effects of Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores or influx via Ca 2+-permeable channels in the plasmamembrane. BAPTA tetrasodium can also inhibit phospholipase C activity independently of their role as Ca 2+ chelators .
Antimicrobial agent-34 (compound 4h) is an antibacterial agent (MIC = 1–4 μg/mL), with a clogP value of 9.14. Antimicrobial agent-34 has good plasma stability (HC50 of 131.1 μg/mL) and good membrane selectivity (HC50/MIC is 65.6), with rapid sterilization capability. Antimicrobial agent-34 destroys the integrity of bacterial cell membranes, induces an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species, and leaks protein and DNA, ultimately leading to bacterial death. Antimicrobial agent-34 demonstrates significant in vivo antibacterial potency in a mouse sepsis model infected with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 .
Abscisic acid ((S)-(+)-Abscisic acid), an orally active phytohormone in fruits and vegetables, is an endogenously produced mammalian hormone. Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor and can regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Abscisic acid inhibits proton pump (H +-ATPase) and leads to the plasmamembrane depolarization in a Ca 2+-dependent manner. Abscisic acid, a LANCL2 natural ligand, is a potent insulin-sensitizing compound and has the potential for pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome .
ES9-17 is an analog of ES9 (endosidin9), which is an inhibitor of clathrin heavy chain (CHC). ES9-17 is an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), a major route for internalization of plasmamembrane proteins and molecules from the extracellular environment in plants. ES9-17 inhibits the uptake of transferrin and FM4-64. ES9-17 also inhibits root growth of Arabidopsis seedings .
ALN29882 is a glycerolipid located on the plasmamembrane. It consists of two fatty acid chains covalently linked to a single glycerol molecule by means of an ester bond. 18:1 DG has been used as a source of diacylglycerol in the diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) assay. It is also used as a substrate in the DGAT-1 enzyme assay to evaluate compounds as potential inhibitors of DGAT-1. Suitable for lipoprotein overlay screening assays with the recombinant protein His-AtROP6.
8-iso Prostaglandin F2α-d9 is the deuterium labeled 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
ML-184 (CID2440433) is a selective GPR55 agonist with an EC50 of 250 nM and exhibits >100-fold selectivity for GPR55 over GPR35, CB1 and CB2. ML-184 induces phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and translocation of PKCβII to the plasmamembrane by activating GPR55 . ML-184(CID2440433) increases proliferation of neural stem cells and promotes neuronal differentiation in vitro .
Fluorescent brightener 28 is a fluorescent whitening agent commonly used in the padding process of the textile industry. Fluorescent brightener 28 is capable of staining polysaccharides such as cellulose, and when the plasmamembrane ruptures, it also weakly stains the cytoplasm and strongly stains the cell nucleus. Additionally, Fluorescent brightener 28 can be utilized to detect intracellular chitin in living cells. Fluorescent Brightener 28 also is a visible light emitting diode (LED)-light sensitive photoinitiator for free radical photopolymerizations .
8-Isoprostaglandin F2α- 13C5 is 13C labeled 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α (HY-113209). 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
Fluorescent brightener 28 (Technical Grade) is a fluorescent whitening agent commonly used in the padding process of the textile industry. Fluorescent brightener 28 is capable of staining polysaccharides such as cellulose, and when the plasmamembrane ruptures, it also weakly stains the cytoplasm and strongly stains the cell nucleus. Additionally, Fluorescent brightener 28 can be utilized to detect intracellular chitin in living cells. Fluorescent Brightener 28 also is a visible light emitting diode (LED)-light sensitive photoinitiator for free radical photopolymerizations .
Caloxin 1C2 is a specific PMCA (plasma-membrane Ca 2+-ATPases) inhibitor. Caloxin 1C2 is selective for PMCA4 over PMCA1, 2 and 3. The Ki values of Caloxin 1C2 are 2.3 μM for PMCA4 and 21 μM for PMCA1. Caloxin 1C2 dose not cause any significant effects on total Ca 2+ transfer. Caloxin 1C2 affects coronary contractility .
EAD1 TFA is an aluminum-activated malate transporter with activity in regulating corn ear development. EAD1 TFA is preferentially expressed in the xylem of immature ears and localized across the plasmamembrane. The EAD1 TFA transports malic acid in the apical part of developing inflorescences, and its deletion results in reduced malic acid content in this part. The overexpression of EAD1 TFA was significantly positively correlated with ear length and the number of kernels per row. EAD1 TFA serves as a potential genetic resource to help improve grain yield in maize .
Anti-MRSA agent 13 (Compound 9b) is an agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5–2 μg/mL against clinically isolated MRSA strains. Anti-MRSA agent 13 possesses favorable biosafety, plasma tolerance stability, and a low tendency to develop resistance. Anti-MRSA agent 13 disrupts cell walls and membranes, reduces metabolic activity, causes oxidative damage, affects DNA function, and ultimately leads to MRSA death through multi-target synergies .
Abscisic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Abscisic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Abscisic acid ((S)-(+)-Abscisic acid), an orally active phytohormone in fruits and vegetables, is an endogenously produced mammalian hormone. Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor and can regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Abscisic acid inhibits proton pump (H+-ATPase) and leads to the plasmamembrane depolarization in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Abscisic acid, a LANCL2 natural ligand, is a potent insulin-sensitizing compound and has the potential for pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome .
5-HT7 receptor ligand 2 (compound 32) is an arylpiperazinehydrazine ligand for 5-HT7R (Ki=178 nM). 5-HT7 receptor ligand 2 has good membrane permeability, low hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, and high plasma protein binding. 5-HT7 receptor ligand 2 shows neuroprotective effects in SH-SY5Y cells and can be used for the study of central nervous system related diseases .
ML350 (CYM50202) is a highly potent OPRK1 antagonist with selectivity and broad biological applications. With IC50 values of 9-16 nM, ML350 shows high selectivity for OPRK1, with selectivity of 219-382-fold and 20-35-fold relative to OPRD1 and OPRM1, respectively. ML350 exhibited favorable characteristics in in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis, including high passive membrane permeability and moderate human plasma protein binding. Extensive screening of ML350 against multiple ion channels, receptors, and transporters showed that it does not have adverse off-target effects .
1-Stearoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate sodium is a bioactive phospholipid that plays a crucial role in modulating cellular processes such as motility, proliferation, invasion, survival, and growth factor production, primarily through its interaction with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Typically found at low concentrations in plasma (~100nM), this compound is synthesized during the formation of membrane phospholipids and is derived from various cell types, including activated platelets, epithelial cells, leukocytes, neuronal cells, and tumor cells. Its unique structure includes stearic acid at the sn-1 position alongside a hydroxyl group at the sn-2 position.
Guaiol is a sesquiterpenoid alcohol with oral activity found in various traditional Chinese medicines, exhibiting biological activities such as anti-proliferative, autophagy-promoting, insecticidal, anti-anxiety, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and blood pressure-lowering effects. Guaiol induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating the stability of RAD51 through autophagy modulation. Guaiol can also act directly on parasites, inhibiting their growth by affecting the kinetoplast, mitochondrial matrix and plasmamembrane of the promastigotes. Guaiol kills amastigotes at an IC50 of 0.01 µg/mL. Guaiol can be used in research related to cancer, infections, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions [4]
TRV120027 TFA, a β-arrestin-1-biased agonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), engages ß-arrestins while blocking G-protein signaling . TRV120027 TFA induces acute catecholamine secretion through cation channel subfamily C3 (TRPC3) coupling, promotes the formation of a macromolecular complex composed of AT1R–β-arrestin-1–TRPC3–PLCγ at the plasmamembrane. TRV120027 TFA inhibits angiotensin II–mediated vasoconstriction and increases cardiomyocyte contractility. TRV120027 TFA has the potential for the acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) treatment .
TRV120027, a β-arrestin-1-biased agonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), engages ß-arrestins while blocking G-protein signaling . TRV120027 induces acute catecholamine secretion through cation channel subfamily C3 (TRPC3) coupling, promotes the formation of a macromolecular complex composed of AT1R–β-arrestin-1–TRPC3–PLCγ at the plasmamembrane. TRV120027 inhibits angiotensin II–mediated vasoconstriction and increases cardiomyocyte contractility. TRV120027 has the potential for the acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) treatment .
Dieugenol is a neolignan that has been found in N. leucantha and has antioxidative and antiprotozoal activities. It inhibits the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and scavenges superoxide anions, but not hydroxyl radicals, in cell-free assays. It has anti-trypanosomal activity against T. cruzi amastigotes and trypomastigotes (IC50s=15.1 and 11.5 μM, respectively) but is cytotoxic to NCTC L-929 fibroblasts with a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) value of 58.2 μM.2 Dieugenol (15 μM) disrupts the integrity of the T. cruzi trypomastigote plasmamembrane but does not induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in trypomastigotes or LPS-stimulated and unstimulated isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages.
Guaiol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Guaiol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Guaiol is a sesquiterpenoid alcohol with oral activity found in various traditional Chinese medicines, exhibiting biological activities such as anti-proliferative, autophagy-promoting, insecticidal, anti-anxiety, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and blood pressure-lowering effects. Guaiol induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating the stability of RAD51 through autophagy modulation. Guaiol can also act directly on parasites, inhibiting their growth by affecting the kinetoplast, mitochondrial matrix and plasmamembrane of the promastigotes. Guaiol kills amastigotes at an IC50 of 0.01 µg/mL. Guaiol can be used in research related to cancer, infections, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions [4]
Ganglioside GD1b is an acidic glycosphingolipid that contains two sialic acid residues linked to an inner galactose unit. It is a component of plasmamembranes where it packs densely with cholesterol to form lipid microdomains that modulate both intra- and intercellular signaling events. The concentration of ganglioside GD1b in human brain increases with age, constituting 7.85% of total sialic acid in the brain of 0- to 10-year-old subjects and 20.29% in 11- to 30-year-old subjects.2 Ganglioside GD1b levels are positively correlated with pilocytic astrocytoma tumor grade, and GD1b has been detected in various other gliomas, including primitive neuroectodermal tumors, glioblastomas, and anaplastic astrocytomas.3 This product contains ganglioside GD1b molecular species with primarily C18:0 fatty acyl chain lengths.
Meso-tetraphenylchlorin (TPCS2a) is a photosensitizer with poor water solubility, which limits its use in the blood circulation. However, TPCS2a@NPs nanoparticles can be prepared based on polylactic-co-polyethylene glycol acid (PLGA) polymer core loaded with TPCS2. Such nanoparticles can be coated with mesenchymal stem cell-derived plasmamembranes (mMSCs) to form mMSC-TPCS2a@NPs, which prolongs blood circulation time and improves tumor targeting ability. Compared with uncoated TPCS2a@NPs, mMSC-TPCS2a@NPs can reduce macrophage uptake by 54% to 70% under different conditions. Both nanoparticle forms are effectively accumulated in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, while uptake in normal breast epithelial cells MCF10A is significantly lower .
Membrane receptors, also known cell surface receptors or transmembrane receptors, are transmembrane proteins embedded into the plasmamembrane which play an essential role in maintaining communication between the internal processes within the cell and various types of extracellular signals. They act in cell signaling by receiving (binding to) extracellular molecules, which are also called ligands. These extracellular molecules include hormones, cytokines, growth factors, neurotransmitters, lipophilic signaling molecules such as prostaglandins, and cell recognition molecules.
There are three kinds of membrane receptors: ion channel-linked receptors, enzyme-linked receptors and G-protein-linked receptors. They play important roles in keeping human normal physiologic processes. GPCRs and ion channels are important drug targets in drug discovery.
MCE provides a unique collection of 5,054 compounds targeting a variety of membrane receptors. MCE Membrane reeptor-targeted Compound Library can be used for membrane receptor-focused screening and drug discovery.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane binding structures that are released from cells into the surrounding environment and play a crucial role in mediating and regulating intercellular communication related to physiological and pathological processes. EVs are lipid membrane vesicles composed of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. EVs can be divided into several types based on their source, such as extracellular vesicles, microcapsules, and apoptotic vesicles. The size range of exosomes is 30-150nm, which are endocrine in multi vesicular endosomes (MVEs); microvesicles (50-1000nm) are secreted directly through extracellular interactions, thereby releasing plasmamembrane vesicles. In contrast, apoptotic bodies are usually larger, ranging in size from 1 to 5 μ m. This is generated during programmed cell death. EV plays a crucial role in transmitting information between cells and influencing the behavior and function of receptor cells.
MCE designs a unique collection of 438 small molecules related to extracellular vesicles (EVs). It is a good tool to be used for research on metabolize, cancer and other diseases.
Fatty acids (FAs) are the main components of lipids. The synthesis of fatty acids mainly involves the Triglyceride (TG) cycle and De Novo Lipogenesis (DNL). Fatty acids which exist widely in organisms are components of cell membranes and play an indispensable role in cell signaling. In addition, FFAs can be taken up from circulating plasma by all mitochondria-containing cells, and they are metabolized by β-oxidation and the citric acid cycle to release large amounts of energy in the form of ATP. Abnormal fatty acid metabolism is associated with the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, fatty liver, hyperthyroidism, and other diseases.
MCE offers a unique collection of fatty acid compounds. Fatty Acids Compound Library is an important tool for the study of energy metabolism and drug development of metabolism-related diseases.
Sodium channels conduct sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's plasmamembrane that are the source of excitatory currents for the nervous system and muscle. Na channels are classified according to the trigger that opens the channel for such ions, i.e. either a voltage-change (Voltage-gated, voltage-sensitive, or voltage-dependent sodium channel also called VGSCs or Nav channel) or a binding of a substance (a ligand) to the channel (ligand-gated sodium channels). Dysfunction in voltage-gated sodium channels correlates with neurological and cardiac diseases, including epilepsy, myopathies, pain and cardiac arrhythmias. Sodium channel blockers are used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia, pain and convulsion.
MCE offers a unique collection of 140 sodium channel blocker and antagonists, all of which have the identified inhibitory effect on sodium channels. MCE Sodium Channel Blocker Library can be used for neurological and cardiac diseases drug discovery and sodium channel research.
PM-1, a derivative of Thioflavin-T (ThT; HY-D0218), is a small but highly specific plasmamembrane (PM) fluorescent dye for specific and long-time membrane imaging of living and fixed cells. PM-1 is embedded directly into the cell membrane and exhibits a very long retention time on the plasmamembrane with a half-life of approximately 15 h. PM-1 can be used in combination with protein labeling probes to study ectodomain shedding and endocytosis processes of cell surface proteins .
C6 NBD Sphingomyelin is a fluorescent short-chain analogue of Sphingomyelin (HY-113498). Chlamydia trachomatis acquires C6 NBD Sphingomyelin endogenously synthesizes from C6-NBD-ceramide and transportes to the chlamydial inclusion. C6 NBD Sphingomyelin can incorporate into the plasmamembrane .
TMA-DPH is a hydrophobic fluorescent membrane probe (Ex=355 nm; Em=430 nm). TMA-DPH is able to anchor on the cell surface and localize to different regions of the phospholipid bilayer. By analyzing the fluorescence polarization values of TMA-DPH in the plasmamembrane and membrane substructures, the fluidity of the cell membrane can be determined .
DAF-FM DA (Diaminofluorescein-FM diacetate) is a fluorescent probe for the detection and bioimaging of nitric oxide (NO). DAF-FM DA spontaneously crosses the plasmamembrane and is subsequently cleaved by esterases to generate intracellular DAF-FM (Ex/Em=495/515 nm) .
Flipper-TR 5 is a Flipper probe that contains a terminal carboxylate for retention on the plasmamembrane. Flipper-TR 5 can selectively label the plasmamembrane and exhibits excellent mechanosensitivity, negligible cytotoxicity, and manageable phototoxicity .
ER-PhotoFlipper 32 is a ER tracker. ER-PhotoFlipper 32 can selectively label the inner leaflet of the plasmamembrane with Flipper-TR 5 (HY-D2318). The ER-tracker attaches the PhotoFlipper covalently to the outer surface of the ER. ER-PhotoFlipper 32 can be applied to access plasmamembrane asymmetry .
mgc(3Me)FL is the active fluorescent form of mgc(3Me)FDA (HY-D2300) after hydrolysis in cells. mgc(3Me)FL subcellularly localizes to the Golgi apparatus and is a visualized Golgi probe. mgc(3Me)FL also binds to the outer leaflet of the plasmamembrane (PM), causing the plasmamembrane to fluoresce .
BODIPY-cholesterol conjugate-3 (compound 7) is a cholesterol analogue with a fluorescent BODIPY group. BODIPY-cholesterol conjugate-3 can be used to simultaneously visualize multiple cholesterol pools in cells, as it is primarily localized to the plasmamembrane .
BH-Vis is a two-photon fluorescent probe that inhibits cell plasmamembrane (CPM). BH-Vis has great potential to accurately identify pyroptosis at the cellular level during AAA development in the mouse abdominal aortic aneurysm AAA model .
Endoplasmic reticulum dye 1 is a promising live cell imaging agent for the detection of exocytotic events at the plasmamembrane. Endoplasmic reticulum dye 1 shows low cytotoxicity, resistance to photobleaching , which is ideal for imaging either short- or long-time courses .
BODIPY TR methyl ester is a lipophilic GFP Counterstain. BODIPY TR methyl ester dye readily permeates cell membranes and localizes in endomembranous organelles but not localize strongly in plasmamembranes. BODIPY TR methyl ester is an excellent red fluorescent vital dye (Ex=568 nm, Em=625 nm), can be used to reveal the location and shapes of cell nuclei, the shapes of cells within embryonic tissues, as well as the bound aries of organ-forming tissues within the whole embryo .
Thiazolyl Blue (MTT) is a cell-permeable and positively charged tetrazolium dye that is used to detect reductive metabolism in cells. Thiazolyl Blue is taken up by cells through the plasmamembrane and then reduced to formazan by intracellular NAD (P) H-oxidoreductases. Thiazolyl Blue is frequently used in colorimetric assays to measure cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis .
Fluorescent brightener 28 is a fluorescent whitening agent commonly used in the padding process of the textile industry. Fluorescent brightener 28 is capable of staining polysaccharides such as cellulose, and when the plasmamembrane ruptures, it also weakly stains the cytoplasm and strongly stains the cell nucleus. Additionally, Fluorescent brightener 28 can be utilized to detect intracellular chitin in living cells. Fluorescent Brightener 28 also is a visible light emitting diode (LED)-light sensitive photoinitiator for free radical photopolymerizations .
Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol Water Soluble is a major sterol in mammals, constituting 20-25% of the structural composition of the plasmamembrane. The plasmamembrane is highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol Water Soluble plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of membranes and the function of transporters and signaling proteins. Cholesterol Water Soluble is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) agonist. Cholesterol Water Soluble can be used to study the effects of cholesterol on potassium currents in inner hair cells .
Lactosylceramide (bovine buttermilk) (LacCer (bovine buttermilk)) is a sphingolipid that highly expressed on the plasmamembranes of human phagocytes. Lactosylceramide mediates phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and superoxide generation .
Bromocresol purple is a pH indicator, whose color changes from yellow to purple when the pH increases from 5.2 to 6.8. Bromocresol purple can be used for detecting yeast cells with plasmamembrane damage .
β-D-Galactose pentaacetate is a negative regulator of insulin with plasmamembrane penetrating ability and can be hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases. β-D-Galactose pentaacetate inhibits leucine-induced insulin release in Wistar rat islets, potentially preventing excessive insulin release in pathological conditions .
BAPTA is a selective chelator for calcium. BAPTA, as calcium indicator, has high selectivity against magnesium and calcium. BAPTA is widely used as an intracellular buffer for investigating the effects of Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores or influx via Ca 2+-permeable channels in the plasmamembrane. BAPTA can also inhibit phospholipase C activity independently of their role as Ca 2+ chelators .
BAPTA tetrapotassium is a selective chelator for calcium. BAPTA, as calcium indicator, has high selectivity against magnesium and calcium. BAPTA tetrapotassium is widely used as an intracellular buffer for investigating the effects of Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores or influx via Ca 2+-permeable channels in the plasmamembrane. BAPTA tetrapotassium can also inhibit phospholipase C activity independently of their role as Ca 2+ chelators .
ALN29882 is a glycerolipid located on the plasmamembrane. It consists of two fatty acid chains covalently linked to a single glycerol molecule by means of an ester bond. 18:1 DG has been used as a source of diacylglycerol in the diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) assay. It is also used as a substrate in the DGAT-1 enzyme assay to evaluate compounds as potential inhibitors of DGAT-1. Suitable for lipoprotein overlay screening assays with the recombinant protein His-AtROP6.
1,2-DImyristoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), a zwitterionic phospholipid, is chosen as a simple eukaryotic cell membrane, mimicking the neutral charge of the surface membrane of eukaryotic plasmamembranes .
Thiocholesterol is a member of the class of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) that can be used to synthesis cationic lipid. Thiocholesterol is a stronger stabilizer of silver nanoparticles (SNPs). Thiocholesterol can be used for plasmamembrane research and drug delivery .
Caloxin 2A1 is an extracellular plasmamembrane Ca 2+-ATPase (PMCA) peptide inhibitor. Caloxin 2A1 does not affect basal Mg 2+-ATPase or Na +-K +-ATPase .
Caloxin 2A1 TFA is an extracellular plasmamembrane Ca 2+-ATPase (PMCA) peptide inhibitor. Caloxin 2A1 TFA does not affect basal Mg 2+-ATPase or Na +-K +-ATPase .
RW3 is a small cationic hexapeptide with amphiphilic properties. RW3 targets the plasmamembrane of bacteria and works by inhibiting cell respiration and cell wall synthesis. RW3 shows high biological activity against gram-positive bacteria and does not show significant cytotoxic or hemolytic effects in previous studies. RW3 quickly kills 97% of the initial colony forming units (CFU) within 10 minutes at twice the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). RW3 can be used in antimicrobial and antifungal studies .
cPcAMP1/26 is an antimicrobial peptide. cPcAMP1/26 effectively kills A.hydrophila and S. aureus. cPcAMP1/26 induces depolarization of the bacterial plasmamembrane, and increases intracellular ROS levels .
KLA peptide is a biological active peptide. (a cationic amphipathic mitochondrial membrane disrupting peptide that induces programmed cell death by disrupting mitochondrial membrane, but cannot cross the plasmamembrane)
Caloxin 3A1 is a biological active peptide. (This peptide belongs to caloxins, the extracellular plasmamembrane (PM) Ca2+ pump inhibitors. Caloxin 3A1 inhibits plasmamembrane calcium pumps (PMCAs) but not the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-pump. This peptide does not inhibit formation of the acylphosphate intermediate from ATP.)
Syringomycin E is an antifungal cyclic lipodepsinonapeptide. Syringomycin E exhibits growth inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae through interaction with the plasmamembrane. Syringomycin E causes K + efflux, Ca 2+ influx, and changes in membrane potential, and is related to channel formation .
Glucagon (22-29) is partial agonist of Glucagon (19–29). Glucagon specifically inhibits the Ca 2+ pump in liver plasmamembranes independently of adenylate cyclase activation .
Bestim is a dipeptide, which exhibits high affinity to murine peritoneal macrophages, thymocytes, and plasmamembranes isolated from these cells, with Kds of 3.1, 2.1, 18.6 and 16.7 nM, respectively. Bestim inhibits adenylate cyclase in the membranes of murine macrophages and thymocytes. Bestim exhibits immunomodulatory efficacy .
Icrocaptide (ITF1697) is a stable Lys-Pro-containing peptide that inhibits the intracellular Ca 2+-dependent fusion of Weibel-Palade bodies with the plasmamembrane. Icrocaptide can be used for the study of a variety of microvascular disorders .
(Arg)9 biotin labeled is a cell-permeable peptide. (Arg)9 biotin labeled can be used for drug delivery. (Arg)9 biotin labeled can traverse the plasmamembrane of eukaryotic cells .
CPP9 is a small, amphipathic, cyclic cell penetrating peptide (CPP). CPPs bind directly to the plasmamembrane phospholipids and enter mammalian cells via endocytosis, followed by efficient release from the endosome. CPP9 can be used for intracellular delivery of therapeutic agents and chemical probes .
CPP12 is a small, amphipathic, cyclic cell penetrating peptide (CPP). CPPs bind directly to the plasmamembrane phospholipids and enter mammalian cells via endocytosis, followed by efficient release from the endosome. CPP12 can be used for intracellular delivery of therapeutic agents and chemical probes .
Neurokinin Receptor (393-407), rat (SPR393–407) is a rat neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) fragment. NK1R is rapidly internalized by endocytosis and recycled to the plasmamembrane when binding to substance P (SP). Neurokinin Receptor (393-407), rat can be used in the research of neurogenic inflammation .
T100-Mut is a cell-permeable peptide whose N-terminus is conjugated with a myristoylated group to enable T100-Mut to penetrate and localize to the inner side of the plasmamembrane, thus mimicking the topology of Tmem100-3Q. T100-Mut can alleviate TRPA1-mediated pain .
Pip6a is an arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide. Pip6a has the ability to deliver associated cargoes across the plasma and endosomal membranes and is stable to serum proteolysis. Pip6a is composed of a hydrophobic core region flanked on each side by arginine-rich domains containing β-alanine and aminohexanoyl spacers. Pip6a-conjugated morpholino phosphorodiamidate oligomer (PMO) dramatically enhanced antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) delivery into striated muscles of myotonic dystrophy (DM1) mice .
Caloxin 1C2 is a specific PMCA (plasma-membrane Ca 2+-ATPases) inhibitor. Caloxin 1C2 is selective for PMCA4 over PMCA1, 2 and 3. The Ki values of Caloxin 1C2 are 2.3 μM for PMCA4 and 21 μM for PMCA1. Caloxin 1C2 dose not cause any significant effects on total Ca 2+ transfer. Caloxin 1C2 affects coronary contractility .
TRV120027 TFA, a β-arrestin-1-biased agonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), engages ß-arrestins while blocking G-protein signaling . TRV120027 TFA induces acute catecholamine secretion through cation channel subfamily C3 (TRPC3) coupling, promotes the formation of a macromolecular complex composed of AT1R–β-arrestin-1–TRPC3–PLCγ at the plasmamembrane. TRV120027 TFA inhibits angiotensin II–mediated vasoconstriction and increases cardiomyocyte contractility. TRV120027 TFA has the potential for the acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) treatment .
TRV120027, a β-arrestin-1-biased agonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), engages ß-arrestins while blocking G-protein signaling . TRV120027 induces acute catecholamine secretion through cation channel subfamily C3 (TRPC3) coupling, promotes the formation of a macromolecular complex composed of AT1R–β-arrestin-1–TRPC3–PLCγ at the plasmamembrane. TRV120027 inhibits angiotensin II–mediated vasoconstriction and increases cardiomyocyte contractility. TRV120027 has the potential for the acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) treatment .
Zymosterol is a Cholesterol (HY-N0322) biosynthesis metabolite. Zymosterol, a precursor of Cholesterol, is found mostly in the plasmamembrane. Zymosterol circulates within the cell .
Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cholesterol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol Water Soluble is a major sterol in mammals, constituting 20-25% of the structural composition of the plasmamembrane. The plasmamembrane is highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol Water Soluble plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of membranes and the function of transporters and signaling proteins. Cholesterol Water Soluble is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) agonist. Cholesterol Water Soluble can be used to study the effects of cholesterol on potassium currents in inner hair cells .
Nepodin (Musizin) is a quinone oxidoreductase (PfNDH2) inhibitor isolate from Rumex crispus .Nepodin (Musizin) stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasmamembrane by activation of AMPK .Nepodin (Musizin) has antidiabetic and antimalarial activities.
lsocryptomerin is a membrane-active antifungal compound that can be isolated from Selaginella tamariscina. lsocryptomerin can depolarize fungal plasmamembrane. lsocryptomerin also shows anticancer and antibacterial activities .
Piperulin A is a potent inhibitor of PAFR. Piperulin A inhibits the specific binding of PAFR on isolated rabbit platelet plasmamembranes with an IC50 of 7.3 μM .
(+)-Oxanthromicin (Compound 1) mislocalizes the oncogenic mutant K-Ras from the plasmamembrane of intact Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, and exhibits thereby antitumor efficacy .
Celangulin is an insecticidal component isolated from Celastrus angulatus. Celangulin activates the calcium channel on the plasmamembrane with increasing the intracellular Ca 2+ after influx from the external. Celangulin activates the calcium channel in the ER .
Thiocholesterol is a member of the class of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) that can be used to synthesis cationic lipid. Thiocholesterol is a stronger stabilizer of silver nanoparticles (SNPs). Thiocholesterol can be used for plasmamembrane research and drug delivery .
Natamycin (Pimaricin) is a macrolide antibiotic agent produced by several Streptomyces strains. Natamycin inhibits the growth of fungi via inhibition of amino acid and glucose transport across the plasmamembrane. Natamycin is a food preservative, an antifungal agent in agriculture, and is widely used for fungal keratitis research .
Nepodin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nepodin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nepodin (Musizin) is a quinone oxidoreductase (PfNDH2) inhibitor isolate from Rumex crispus .Nepodin (Musizin) stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasmamembrane by activation of AMPK .Nepodin (Musizin) has antidiabetic and antimalarial activities.
Nystatin is an orally active polyene antifungal antibiotic effective against yeast and mycoplasma. Nystatin increases the permeability of plasmamembranes to small monovalent ions, including chloridion . Nystatin is a cholesterol-sequestering agent , partially prevents Oxaliplatin-induced lipid raft aggregation, DR4 and DR5 clustering, and thereby reduces apoptosis .
8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
Natamycin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Natamycin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Natamycin (Pimaricin) is a macrolide antibiotic agent produced by several Streptomyces strains. Natamycin inhibits the growth of fungi via inhibition of amino acid and glucose transport across the plasmamembrane. Natamycin is a food preservative, an antifungal agent in agriculture, and is widely used for fungal keratitis research .
Nystatin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nystatin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nystatin is an orally active polyene antifungal antibiotic effective against yeast and mycoplasma. Nystatin increases the permeability of plasmamembranes to small monovalent ions, including chloridion . Nystatin is a cholesterol-sequestering agent , partially prevents Oxaliplatin-induced lipid raft aggregation, DR4 and DR5 clustering, and thereby reduces apoptosis .
Abscisic acid ((S)-(+)-Abscisic acid), an orally active phytohormone in fruits and vegetables, is an endogenously produced mammalian hormone. Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor and can regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Abscisic acid inhibits proton pump (H +-ATPase) and leads to the plasmamembrane depolarization in a Ca 2+-dependent manner. Abscisic acid, a LANCL2 natural ligand, is a potent insulin-sensitizing compound and has the potential for pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome .
Abscisic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Abscisic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Abscisic acid ((S)-(+)-Abscisic acid), an orally active phytohormone in fruits and vegetables, is an endogenously produced mammalian hormone. Abscisic acid is a growth inhibitor and can regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Abscisic acid inhibits proton pump (H+-ATPase) and leads to the plasmamembrane depolarization in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Abscisic acid, a LANCL2 natural ligand, is a potent insulin-sensitizing compound and has the potential for pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome .
Guaiol is a sesquiterpenoid alcohol with oral activity found in various traditional Chinese medicines, exhibiting biological activities such as anti-proliferative, autophagy-promoting, insecticidal, anti-anxiety, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and blood pressure-lowering effects. Guaiol induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating the stability of RAD51 through autophagy modulation. Guaiol can also act directly on parasites, inhibiting their growth by affecting the kinetoplast, mitochondrial matrix and plasmamembrane of the promastigotes. Guaiol kills amastigotes at an IC50 of 0.01 µg/mL. Guaiol can be used in research related to cancer, infections, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions [4]
Guaiol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Guaiol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Guaiol is a sesquiterpenoid alcohol with oral activity found in various traditional Chinese medicines, exhibiting biological activities such as anti-proliferative, autophagy-promoting, insecticidal, anti-anxiety, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and blood pressure-lowering effects. Guaiol induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating the stability of RAD51 through autophagy modulation. Guaiol can also act directly on parasites, inhibiting their growth by affecting the kinetoplast, mitochondrial matrix and plasmamembrane of the promastigotes. Guaiol kills amastigotes at an IC50 of 0.01 µg/mL. Guaiol can be used in research related to cancer, infections, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions [4]
CASK protein is a Mg(2+)-independent multidomain scaffold kinase that catalyzes phosphate transfer to proteins, including NRXN1, thereby contributing to synaptic transmembrane protein anchoring and ion channel trafficking. It plays a critical role in neural development, regulation of gene expression through TBR1 interactions, and mediates connections between the extracellular matrix, multiligands, and the actin cytoskeleton. CASK Protein, Human (sf9) is the recombinant human-derived CASK protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with tag free. The total length of CASK Protein, Human (sf9) is 897 a.a., with molecular weight of ~102 kDa.
Cholesterol-d7 is the deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol-d6-1 is the deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol- 13C2 is the 13C labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol-d6 is the deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol-d4 is deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol-d is the deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol- 13C3 is the 13C-labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol- 13C5 is the 13C-labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol- 18O is the deuterium labeled Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Triclabendazole sulfoxide-d3 is the deuterium labeled Triclabendazole sulfoxide. Triclabendazole sulfoxide (TCBZ-SO) is the main plasma metabolite of Triclabendazole, and exhibits anti-parasite effects. Triclabendazole sulfoxide can inhibit membrane transporter ABCG2/BCRP[1][2].
Dicyclomine-d4 is the deuterium labeled Dicyclomine[1]. Dicyclomine (Dicycloverine) is a potent and orally active muscarinic cholinergic receptors antagonist. Dicyclomine (Dicycloverine) shows high affinity for muscarinic M1 receptor subtype (Ki=5.1 nM) and M2 receptor subtype (Ki=54.6 nM) in brush-border membrane and basal plasmamembranes, respectively[2]. Dicyclomine is an antispasmodic agent and relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract in vivo[3].
Triclabendazole sulfoxide- 13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Triclabendazole sulfoxide. Triclabendazole sulfoxide (TCBZ-SO) is the main plasma metabolite of Triclabendazole, and exhibits anti-parasite effects. Triclabendazole sulfoxide can inhibit membrane transporter ABCG2/BCRP[1][2].
8-iso Prostaglandin F2α-d9 is the deuterium labeled 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
8-Isoprostaglandin F2α- 13C5 is 13C labeled 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α (HY-113209). 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
CD13 Antibody (YA1253) is a rabbit-derived non-conjugated IgG antibody (Clone NO.: YA1253), targeting CD13. CD13 Antibody (YA1253) can be used for IHC-P experiment in human background.
Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals. It is making up 20-25% of structural component of the plasmamembrane. Plasmamembranes are highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of the membrane as well as the function of both the transporters and signaling proteins . Cholesterol is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) agonist .
Cholesterol Water Soluble is a major sterol in mammals, constituting 20-25% of the structural composition of the plasmamembrane. The plasmamembrane is highly permeable to water but relatively impermeable to ions and protons. Cholesterol Water Soluble plays an important role in determining the fluidity and permeability characteristics of membranes and the function of transporters and signaling proteins. Cholesterol Water Soluble is also an endogenous estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) agonist. Cholesterol Water Soluble can be used to study the effects of cholesterol on potassium currents in inner hair cells .
1,2-DImyristoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), a zwitterionic phospholipid, is chosen as a simple eukaryotic cell membrane, mimicking the neutral charge of the surface membrane of eukaryotic plasmamembranes .
2-Arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phospholipid molecule that is a major component of the plasmamembrane. It is a phospholipid molecule that is involved in the regulation of membrane fluidity, signal transduction, cell-cell communication, and mediator of inflammation.
C18:1 LPA, a bioactive lipid derived from membrane phospholipids, plays a crucial role in various cellular processes and is found in blood plasma, where it is linked to neurological disorders, inflammation, and cancer.
Thiocholesterol is a member of the class of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) that can be used to synthesis cationic lipid. Thiocholesterol is a stronger stabilizer of silver nanoparticles (SNPs). Thiocholesterol can be used for plasmamembrane research and drug delivery .
T18.3 aptamer sodium is an anticoagulant RNA aptamer targeting FV/Va and eliminates the interaction of FV/FVa with phospholipid membranes. T18.3 aptamer sodium exhibits clinically relevant anticoagulant activity in plasma and whole blood and acts synergistically with low molecular weight heparin. The anticoagulant activity of T18.3 aptamer sodium is effectively and rapidly reversed by protamine sulfate .
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