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Bovine tracheal antimicrobialpeptide is a kind of comes from the tracheal mucosa of antimicrobialpeptides. Bovine tracheal antimicrobialpeptide has activity against E.coli D31, K.pneumoniae 13883, S.aureus 25923, P.aeruginosa 27853 and C.albicans 14053, MIC value 12-25, 12-25, 25-50, 25-50, 6-12 μg/ml, respectively .
The K4 peptide is an antimicrobialpeptide with strong activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including human pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Marine Vibrio bacteria .
SP-B peptide is an antimicrobialpeptide. SP-B peptide has antifungal activity against strains of Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus
XT-2 peptide is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Xenopus tropicalis. XT-2 peptide has strong activity against E.coli, the vaule of MIC is 8 μM .
Peptide 5f is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from wasp venom. Peptide 5f has antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Peptide 5f has little hemolytic activity on human red blood cells .
Anoplin is an antimicrobialpeptide found in the venom of the solitary wasp (Anoplius samariensis). Anoplin exhibits antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Anoplin can be used in the development of antibiotics .
Polyphemusin I is a natural antimicrobialpeptide with excellent antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Polyphemusin I contains 18 amino acids and is stabilized into an amphiphilic, antiparallel β-hairpin by two disulfide bridges .
Maximin 42 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 42 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 37.5 μg/mL). Maximin 42 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
P1 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobialpeptide. P1 shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,such as B. anthracis spores and Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae .
Maximin 77 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 77 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin 77 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
Gageotetrin A is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Gageotetrin A has antifungal activity, but none toxic to numerous human cancer cells .
Im5, an antimicrobialpeptide, has antibacterial (MIC: 10, 2.5-5, 0.5-1 μM for E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis respectively) and hemolytic activity (EC50: 28 μM) .
Seabream hepcidin is an antimicrobialpeptide with anti-bacterial (V.anguillarum), fungal (S.cerevisiae) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus activity .
CaLL is an antimicrobialpeptide. CaLL has antibacterial activity against B. anthracis, B. anthracis (vegetative), and B. cepacia (MIC: 7.8, 31.3, 31.3 μg/mL) .
Gageotetrin C is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Gageotetrin C is more active against fungi (MIC value is 0.02-0.04 μM) .
Xenopsin precursor fragment is an antimicrobialpeptide, and has antibacterial/antifungal (10-500 μg/mL) and anti-protozoal (MIC: 2-20 μg/mL) activity .
XT-4 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Xenopus tropicalis. XT-4 has strong activity against E.coli, the vaule of MIC is 18 μM .
Maximin 41 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 41 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 75 μg/mL). Maximin 41 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
Aeschna defensing is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from hemolymph of dragonfly aquatic larvae. Aeschna defensing has strong activity against gram-positive bacteria .
Distinctin is an antimicrobialpeptide. Distinctin can be isolated from frog skin. Distinctin has antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli (MIC: 14.5, 28.0, 28.0, 14.5 μM) .
LCI peptide is an antimicrobialpeptide with antibacterial activity. LCI peptide is active against plant pathogens, Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas, including E. coli, Gentamicin-resistant MRSA and Xoo .
Tur1A is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncates. Tur1A inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes and blocking the transition from the initiation stage to the extension stage .
EP2 is an antimicrobialpeptide. EP2 has antibacterial and antifungal activities. EP2 inhibits E. gallinarum, P. pyocyanea, A. baumanii, K. terrigena with a MIC value of 11.4 μg/mL .
Maximin 49 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 49 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin 49 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Bovine neutrophil beta-defensin 12 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from bovine neutrophils, which has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .
GP-2B is an antimicrobialpeptide. GP-2B shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strain (MIC: 8-128 μg/mL for S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) .
Mastoparan B is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from hornet Vespa. Mastoparan B can cause the shape of red blood cells to change from normal disk-like to serrated .
Maximin 68 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 68 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis (MIC: 18.8, 9.4, 37.5, 9.4 μg/mL). Maximin 68 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
XT-1 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Xenopus tropicalis. XT-1 has strong activity against S.aureus, E.coli and C.albicans, the vaule of MIC are 5, 6, 50 μM , respectively .
Bombinin H1 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the skin of moth Bombina variegata. The lethal concentrations of Bombinin H1 against Escherichia coli D21 and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 are 3.8 and 2.1 μM, respectively .
Bombinin H3 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the skin of moth Bombina variegata. The lethal concentrations of Bombinin H3 against Escherichia coli D21 and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 are 3.7 and 2.4 μM, respectively .
Bombinin H4 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the skin of moth Bombina variegata. The lethal concentrations of Bombinin H4 against Escherichia coli D21 and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 are 4.8 and 3.3 μM, respectively .
MCF is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from bee venom. MCF has activity against E.coli W 160-37, S.aureus 8530 and B.subtilis, the MIC values are 35-45 μg/ml, 25-35 μg/ml and 15-25 μg/ml .
Maximin 45 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 41 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis (MIC: 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL). Maximin 45 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Histatin-8 is a part of the Histatin-3 central sequence and is known as hemagglutination-inhibitingpeptide. Histatin-8 is a potent anti-fungalpeptide. Histatin-8 shows antimicrobial activity against yeast strains. Histatin-8 can be used for oral thrush research .
Maximin 78 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 78 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 37.5, 4.7, 37.5 μg/mL). Maximin 78 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Maximin H39 is an antimicrobialpeptide. MaximinH39 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 9.4, 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin H39 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Bombinin H7 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Bombina. Bombinin H7 is active against Bacillus megaterium Bm11 with a lethal concentration of 25.2 μM .
Aurein 2.6 is an antibioticantimicrobialpeptide. Aurein 2.6 is active against Gram-positive bacterial (MIC: 25, 25, 30, 25, 30 μM for M. luteus, S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. mutans, B. subtilis) .
Aurein 3.1 is an antibioticantimicrobialpeptide. Aurein 2.6 is active against Gram-positive bacterial (MIC: 80, 50, 50, 50, 50 μM for M. luteus, S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. mutans, B. subtilis) .
Tachyplesin I is a β-hairpin antimicrobialpeptide that contains 17 amino acid residues. Tachyplesin I exhibits cytotoxic properties against various human tumor cell lines acting primarily by impairing the integrity of the outer cell membrane .
Dermcidin-1L (human) is an antibiotic peptide secreted by sweat glands. Dermcidin-1L (human) has antimicrobial activity. Dermcidin-1L (human) can be used for the research of inflammatory skin disorders .
Maximin 1 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Bombina maxima. Maximin 1 has cytotoxicity on tumor cells and spermicidal effect .
Maximin 2 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Bombina maxima. Maximin 2 has cytotoxicity on tumor cells and spermicidal effect .
Maximin 4 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Bombina maxima. Maximin 4 has cytotoxicity on tumor cells and spermicidal effect .
Maximin 5 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Bombina maxima. Maximin 5 has cytotoxicity on tumor cells and spermicidal effect .
Cys-LL37 is a biomaterial with antimicrobial properties developed by covalently fixing to the surface of titanium. Cys-LL37 uses a flexible hydrophilic polyethylene glycol spacer and selective n-terminal coupling LL37, a surface peptide layer that kills bacteria on contact is formed. Cys-LL37 can be used in research to develop new antimicrobial biomaterials .
Maximin H2 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H2 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 20, 2, 4, 2 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin H3 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H3 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 20, 10, 20, 5 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin H4 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H4 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 12, 6, 12, 6 μg/ml, respectively .
Magainin 1 (Magainin I) is an antimicrobial and amphipathic peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Magainin 1 exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria .
Maximin 31 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 31 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 37.5, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin H1 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H1 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 9, 4.5, 9, 4.5 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin 32 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 32 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 39 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 39 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 18.8, 37.5 μg/mL, respectively .
Pantinin-1 is an antimicrobialpeptide found in the venom of the Pandinus imperator scorpion. Pantinin-1 has potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, weak antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, and very low hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. Pantinin-1 also has anticancer activity and can induce apoptosis in tumor cells .
PP102 is an antimicrobialpeptide is active against gram-positive B. subtilis (MIC: 25 uM), S. aureus (MIC: 13.3 uM), S. lutea (MIC: 63 uM), and B. pumilu (MIC: 23 uM) .
HBA(111-142), an antimicrobialpeptide, is a C-terminal 32-mer fragment of alpha-hemoglobin. HBA(111-142) has antibacterial activity against the ESKAPE panel of pathogens. HBA(111-142) forms amyloid fibrils, and has antiviral activities. HBA(111-142) inhibits measles and herpes viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2, HCMV) .
Maximin 15 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 15 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 28 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 28 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
EP3 is an antimicrobialpeptide. EP3 has antibacterial and antifungal activities. EP3 inhibits E. gallinarum, P. pyocyanea, A. baumanii, K. terrigena with a MIC value of 12.85 μg/mL. EP3 also shows antitumor activity against cancer cells, and induces cell apoptosis .
Maximin 3 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Bombina maxima. Maximin 3 has cytotoxicity on tumor cells and spermicidal effect. Maximin 3 has significant anti-HIV activity .
Tilapia piscidin 3 is an antimicrobialpeptide with antibacterial activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria (MIC: 2.44, 2.44, 9.78, 19.55, 0.61 μg/mL for V. vulnificus 204, V. alginolyticus, S. agalactiae 819, E. faecalis BCRC 10066, S. agalactiae BCRC 10787). Tilapia piscidin 3 has hemolytic activity in fish red blood cells .
HG2 is a fast-acting antimicrobialpeptide. HG2 shows anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory activities. HG2 is active against Gram-positive pathogens, especially against MRSA strains (MIC: 16-32?μg/mL). HG2 can bind to bacterial lipids and reduces ATP concentration in S. aureus MRSA USA300 cells .
HG4 is a fast-acting antimicrobialpeptide. HG4 shows anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory activities. HG4 is active against Gram-positive pathogens, especially against MRSA strains (MIC: 32-64?μg/mL). HG4 can bind to bacterial lipids and reduces ATP concentration in S. aureus MRSA USA300 cells .
PP113 is an antimicrobialpeptide is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, E.coli (MIC: 73.3 uM), B. subtilis (MIC: 23.3 uM), S. aureus (MIC: 13 uM), S. lutea (MIC: 16.7 uM), and B. pumilu (MIC: 23.3 uM) .
EP5-1 is an antimicrobialpeptide. EP5-1 has antibacterial and antifungal activities. EP5-1 also shows antitumor activity against cancer cells, and induces cell apoptosis. EP5-1 has antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus (PRV) .
PGLa, a 21-residue peptide, is an antimicrobialpeptide. PGLa is a member of the magainin family of antibiotic peptides found in frog skin and its secretions .
K11 is an antimicrobialpeptide. K11 is active against MDR/XDR K. pneumoniae isolates (MIC: 8-512 μg/mL), and inhibits bacterial biofilm formation. K11 can act synergistically with antibiotics (Chloramphenicol (HY-B0239), Meropenem (HY-13678), Rifampicin (HY-B0272), etc.) against drug-resistant K. pneumoniae. K11 has high thermal and wide pH stability .
Bactenecin (Bactenecin, bovine) is a potent 12-aa looped antimicrobialpeptide isolated from bovine neutrophils. Bactenecin inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeast, and kills the fungus Trichophyton rubrum. Bactenecin increass membrane permeability, inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of B. pseudomallei .
PP13 is an antimicrobialpeptide, and is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria E.coli (MIC: 16.7 uM), B. subtilis (MIC: 13.3 uM), S. aureus (MIC: 23.3 uM), S. lutea (MIC: 8.0 uM), and B. pumilu (MIC: 9.0 uM) .
PGLa TFA, a 21-residue peptide, is an antimicrobialpeptide. PGLa TFA is a member of the magainin family of antibiotic peptides found in frog skin and its secretions .
SpHistin is an antimicrobialpeptide (AMP). SpHistin can bind to LPS (HY-D1056) and permeabilize the bacterial membrane. SpHistin combined with Rifampicin (HY-B0272) and Azithromycin (HY-17506) promotes the intracellular uptake of the antibiotics and subsequently enhances the bactericidal activity of both agents against P. aeruginosa .
Des(8-14)brevinin-1PMa is a host-defense peptide that exhibits antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Echerichia coli. Des(8-14)brevinin-1PMa also shows hemolytic activity .
d-(KLAKLAK)2, as an antibacterial and anti-tumor polypeptide, is a representative of the antimicrobialpeptide group, and also has good anticancer properties. d-(KLAKLAK)2 is able to kill bacteria by damaging their cell membranes, causing cell contents to leak out. d-(KLAKLAK)2 can also inhibit tumor cell proliferation by causing mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial membrane destruction, triggering apoptosis (programmed cell death) .
Magainin 2 (Magainin II) is an?antimicrobial?peptide (AMP) isolated from the skin of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis. Magainin 2 displays antibiotic activity against numerous gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Magainin 2 also is active against protozoa . Magainin 2 exerts its cytotoxicity effects by preferential interactions with anionic phospholipids abundant in bacterial membranes .
Pantinin-2 is a cysteine-free toxic peptide found in the emperor scorpion (paninus imperator). Pantinin-2 has high activity against Gram-positive bacteria but weak activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Pantinin-2 also exhibits activity against Candida tropicalis and has relatively mild hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. Pantinin-2 can be used in the development of antimicrobial drugs for drug-resistant pathogens .
LA-Bac8c is a Lipoic acid modified antimicrobialpeptide with enhanced antimicrobial properties. LA-Bac8c inhibits S. aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa with MICs of 1, 4, 8, 8, and 8 μg/mL .
Amp1EP9 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Amp1EP9 is a powerful tool for developing potent and nontoxic antimicrobial agents. Amp1EP9 has the potential for the research of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections .
Cecropin A (1-7)-Melittin A (2-9) is an antimicrobialpeptide with antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, as well as antimalarial activity, without the adverse hemolytic properties of bee venom peptides .
FLGFVGQALNALLGKL-NH2 is an antimicrobialpeptide of frog origin. FLGFVGQALNALLGKL-NH2 has activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC=32 μM) .
Acetyl-Adhesin (1025-1044) amide is a 20-peptide fragment of Streptococcus pyogenes cell surface adhesin that acts as an antimicrobialpeptide to specifically inhibit the binding of adhesin to salivary receptors and prevent recolonization of Streptococcus pyogenes .
rCRAMP (rat) is the rat cathelin-related antimicrobialpeptide. rCRAMP (rat) contributes to the antibacterial activity in rat brain peptide/protein extracts. rCRAMP (rat) is a potential key player in the innate immune system of rat CNS .
BING is an antimicrobialpeptide that can be isolated from Japanese medaka fish. BING shows a broad-spectrum toxicity against pathogenic bacteria including drug-resistant strains. BING induces a deregulation of periplasmic peptidyl-prolyl isomerases in gram-negative bacteria, and reduces the RNA level of cpxR, which plays a crucial role in the development of antimicrobial resistance .
LMW peptide is an antimicrobialpeptide. LMW peptide is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial, such as B. subtilis, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, V. cholera .
Garvicin KS, GakB is a peptide at sizes of 34 amino acids to form bacteriocin garvicin KS (GarKS), with other 2 peptides, GakA, and GakC. Garvicin KS, GakB inhibits fibroblast viability and proliferation. Garvicin KS, GakB with GakA, is a potent combination with good peptide stability, antimicrobial efficacy, and fibroblast viability/proliferation effects. Garvicin KS peptides inhibit MSSA with MIC values in the order GakB >GakC >GakA .
Brevicidine is a non-ribosomally synthesized antimicrobialpeptide with potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative pathogens. Brevicidine disrupts the morphology of bacteria by binding to polysaccharides (LPS) on bacterial cell membranes to form holes .
(KFF)3K is a cell penetrating peptide that can promote the absorption of other antibiotics by disrupting the outer membrane of bacteria. (KFF)3K can be introduced into a hydrocarbon scaffold to induce its antibacterial properties, making it an effective antimicrobialpeptide. (KFF)3K can be used in the development of new antimicrobial agents .
Hp1404 is a novel cationic antimicrobialpeptide. Hp1404 has specific inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) resistant to Laburnetin (HY-N7382). Hp1404 has antimicrobial activity, low toxicity, and is not prone to drug resistance, and can be used in the research of antimicrobial agents .
Polyalanine peptide (pALA) is an antimicrobialpeptide that targets biofilms and Gram-negative bacteria and is non-toxic to mammalian cells. Polyalanine peptide forms an α-helical conformation that effectively permeabilizes Gram-negative bacterial membranes, thereby inducing lethal cell leakage. Polyalanine peptide can be used in anti-infection research .
Crotalicidin is an antimicrobialpeptide and anti-tumor peptide that can effectively inhibit the activity of Gram-negative bacteria and tumor cells. Crotalicidin can be obtained from rattlesnake venom. Crotalicidin can be used in the study of microbial infections and cancer .
LL-37, human is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobialpeptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. LL-37, human could help protect the cornea from infection and modulates wound healing .
CAP18 (rabbit) is a 37 amino acids antimicrobialpeptide originally isolated from rabbit granulocytes. CAP18 (rabbit) has broad antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (IC50, 130-200 nM) and Gram-negative (IC50, 20-100 nM) bacteria. CAP18 (rabbit) has the potential for bacterial sepsis research .
Polistes mastoparan is an antimicrobialpeptide. Polistes mastoparan increases S. aureus cell K + efflux and inhibits cell viability with EC50 of 5 μM .
Omiganan is a cationic antimicrobialpeptide. Omiganan as an analogue of indolicidin shows activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but also Candida spp. isolates. Omiganan can be used for the research of alcohol nose and acne .
Hispidalin is a novel antimicrobialpeptide with broad and efficient antibacterial activity against various bacterial and fungal pathogens, and can be used as an antibacterial agent and food preservative .
Magainin 1 TFA (Magainin I TFA) is an antimicrobial and amphipathic peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Magainin 1 TFA exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria .
β-defesin 1 (pig) (pBD-1) is an endogenous and constitutively expressed antimicrobialpeptide (AMP) from porcine tissues, particularly expresses in pig mucosal epithelial sites. β-defesin 1 (pig) has antimicrobial activities and contributes to mucosal and systemic host defenses in pigs .
Epsilon-polylysine is an antimicrobialpeptide that can be produced by bacteria such as Streptomyces. Epsilon-polylysine inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts and molds and is therefore often used as a green food additive and preservative in various food and beverage products. Epsilon-polylysine has a variety of properties, including thermal stability, resistance to acidic conditions, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Epsilon-polylysine can be loaded on other materials to form nanoparticles or form nanofiber membranes for targeted delivery to exert sustained antibacterial efficacy. Epsilon-polylysine is also used as a liposome stabilizer .
Human β-defensin-1 (HβD-1) is a cysteine-rich cationic skin-antimicrobialpeptide (SAP) produced by all epithelial surfaces, but also by circulatory cells and cells of the reproductive tract. Human β-defensin-1 has antimicrobial activities against a broad-sperm bacteria .
Temporin SHF is a broad-spectrum antimicrobialpeptide that is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts, but does not have hemolytic activity. Temporin SHF disrupts the acyl chain stacking of anionic lipid bilayers, leading to cracks and disintegration of microbial membranes. Temporin SHF can be used in the development of antimicrobial drugs .
ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) is an antimicrobialpeptide that can be produced by bacteria such as Streptomyces. Epsilon-polylysine hydrochloride inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts and molds and is therefore often used as a green food additive and preservative in various food and beverage products. Epsilon-polylysine hydrochloride has a variety of properties, including thermal stability, resistance to acidic conditions, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Epsilon-polylysine hydrochloride can be loaded on other materials to form nanoparticles or form nanofiber membranes for targeted delivery to exert sustained antibacterial efficacy. Epsilon-polylysine hydrochloride is also used as a liposome stabilizer .
LL-37, human acetate is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobialpeptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. LL-37, human acetate could help protect the cornea from infection and modulates wound healing .
Temporin A is a short alpha-helical antimicrobialpeptide isolated from the skin of the frog Rana temporaria. Temporin A is effective against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria. Temporin A interacts directly with the cell membrane of the microorganism and it is non-toxic to erythrocytes at concentrations that are antimicrobial. Temporin A also has antifungal activities (against yeast-like Candida albicans) .
Brevinin-1PMa is a host-defense peptide that exhibits antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Echerichia coli. Brevinin-1PMa also shows hemolytic activity .
HR1 is a mastoid protease. HR1 can increase the permeability of human erythrocyte membrane. HR1 can induce cytoplasmic membrane permeation in bacteria and mast cells .
Cecropin D is an antimicrobialpeptide with a MIC of 4.55 μg/mL. Cecropin D is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Cecropin D has antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, and immunomodulatory .
Adenoregulin (Dermaseptin b2) is an antimicrobialpeptideantibiotic. Adenoregulin is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, yeast and fungi. Adenoregulin also enhances the binding of agonists to the A1 adenosine receptor .
Api137 is an antimicrobialpeptide that interferes with bacterial growth by inhibiting translation. Api137 inhibits protein synthesis by trapping of release factors on the 70S ribosome following hydrolysis of the nascent polypeptide chain .
ASP-1 is a strong antistaphylococcal peptide with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the purified peptide against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ranged from 2 μg/mL to 64 μg/mL .
Palicourein is a 37 amino acid cyclic polypeptide. Palicourein inhibits the in vitro cytopathic effects of HIV-1RF infection of CEM-SS cells with an EC50 value of 0.1 μM and an IC50 value of 1.5 μM .
OP-145, an cathelicidin LL-37 derivative, is an antimicrobialpeptide, and shows antibacterial activity against several MRSA strains. OP-145 can be used for research of chronic suppurative otitis media .
Ubiquicidin(29-41) is an antimicrobialpeptide highly homologous to S30. Ubiquicidin(29-41) targets bacterial and fungal. Ubiquicidin(29-41) can be used as a membrane-specific infection localizer .
Melimine is a hybrid antimicrobialpeptide of Melittin (HY-P0233) and Protamine. Melimine is active against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Melimine has broad spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi and protozoa .
XMP-629 (XOMA-629), a cationic α-helical peptide, is a potent endotoxin inhibitor. XMP-629 exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity via an immunomodulatory mechanism. XOMA 629 has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenesand .
AcrAP1 (AP1-Z1) is an antimicrobialpeptide found in the venom of the Arabian scorpion (Androctonus crassicauda). AcrAP1 has antimicrobial activity and can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeast. AcrAP1 exerts antitumor activity by promoting apoptosis of cancer cells and inhibiting angiogenesis. AcrAP1 can be used in cancer therapy research .
cPcAMP1/26 is an antimicrobialpeptide. cPcAMP1/26 effectively kills A.hydrophila and S. aureus. cPcAMP1/26 induces depolarization of the bacterial plasma membrane, and increases intracellular ROS levels .
CRAMP (1-39) is an antimicrobialpeptide. CRAMP (1-39) has shown potent bactericidal effects against multiple strains of Neisseria meningitidis in vitro. CRAMP (1-39) can be used to study drug-resistant bacterial infections .
LS-BF1 is a stable and low toxic cationic antimicrobialpeptide. LS-BF1 displays broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, including the challenging ESKAPE pathogens, by cell membrane disruptive mechanism. LS-BF1 shows good in vivo efficacy for elimination of bacteria in a mouse infection model[1].
Hb 98-114, the amino acids 98-114 of the alpha subunit of bovine hemoglobin, is an antimicrobialpeptide. Hb 98-114 is active against several yeast and filamentous fungi (MIC: 2.1 μM-12.5 μM) .
Pap12-6 is a 12-mer peptide derived from the antimicrobialpeptide Papiliocin of yellow butterfly larva. Pap12-6 kills bacteria by penetrating and disrupting their membranes, exhibiting strong antibacterial activity. Pap12-6 exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through the TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway .
LAH4, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outer membrane of bacterial membranes .
NP213 TFA is a rapidly acting, novel, first-in-class synthetic antimicrobialpeptide (AMP), has anti-fungal activities. NP213 TFA targets the fungal cytoplasmic membrane and plays it role via membrane perturbation and disruption. NP213 TFA is effective and well-tolerated in resolving nail fungal infections .
Bactenecin TFA (Bactenecin, bovine TFA) is a potent 12-aa looped antimicrobialpeptide isolated from bovine neutrophils. Bactenecin TFA inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeast, and kills the fungus Trichophyton rubrum. Bactenecin TFA increass membrane permeability, inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of B. pseudomallei .
Lynronne-2 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Lynronne-1 is active against Gram-positive bacterials, including
MDR strains (MIC: 32-256 μg/mL for methicillin-resistant MRSA strains). Lynronne-2 is also effective against P. aeruginosa infection
Lynronne-3 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Lynronne-1 is active against Gram-positive bacterials, including
MDR strains (MIC: 32-128 μg/mL for methicillin-resistant MRSA strains). Lynronne-3 is also effective against P. aeruginosa infection
GVLSNVIGYLKKLGTGALNAVLKQ is an antimicrobialpeptide with 24-amino acid. GVLSNVIGYLKKLGTGALNAVLKQ can potentially form α-helix. GVLSNVIGYLKKLGTGALNAVLKQ (PGQ) has activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans .
Gramicidin S (Gramicidin soviet) is a cationic cyclic peptide antibiotic. Gramicidin S is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by perturbing integrity of the bacterial membranes. Gramicidin S also inhibits cytochrome bd quinol oxidase .
EcAMP3 is a hairpin-like peptide. EcAMP3 has antifungal and antibacterial activity. EcAMPs precursor family contains seven identical cysteine motifs: C1XXXC2(11–13)C3XXXC4 .
LAH4 TFA, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 TFA possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 TFA has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outer membrane of bacterial membranes .
Sublancin is an antimicrobialpeptide, which inhibits DNA replication, transcription and translation, without affecting membrane integrity. Sublancin suppresses glucose uptake for the competition of phosphotransferase system (PTS). Sublancin inhibits B. subtilis strain 168 ΔSPβ with MIC of 0.312 μM .
Lactoferrin 17-41 (Lactoferricin B), a peptide corresponding to residues 17-41 of bovine lactoferrin, has antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. Lactoferrin 17-41 has antitumor activities .
NP213 is a rapidly acting, novel, first-in-class synthetic antimicrobialpeptide (AMP), has anti-fungal activities. NP213 targets the fungal cytoplasmic membrane and plays it role via membrane perturbation and disruption. NP213 is effective and well-tolerated in resolving nail fungal infections .
TLN-58 is an antimicrobialpeptide. TLN-58 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and group A Streptococcus. TLN-58 also induces inflammatory cytokine mRNAs upregulation in normal human keratinocytes and NCL-SG3 cells .
Golotimod hydrochloride (SCV 07 hydrochloride), an immunomodulating peptide with antimicrobial activity, significantly increases the efficacy of antituberculosis therapy, stimulates thymic and splenic cell proliferation, and improves macrophage function. Golotimod hydrochloride (SCV 07 hydrochloride) inhibits STAT3 signaling and modulates the duration and severity of oral mucositis in animal models that received radiation or a combination of radiation and Cisplatin. Golotimod hydrochloride (SCV 07 hydrochloride) is also a potential therapeutic for recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) .
TP4 (Nile tilapia piscidin) is an orally active piscidin-like antimicrobialpeptide. TP4 inhibits multiple gram positive and negative strains (MIC: 0.03-10 μg/mL). TP4 shows hemolytic activities. TP4 enhances immune response, antioxidant activity, and intestinal health against bacterial infections. TP4 also has anti-tumor effect, and induces necrosis by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells .
Aurein 2.2 is a major component of the skin secretion of L.aurea. Aurein 2.2 is an antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis .
Human α-defensin 5 is an antiviral peptide. Human α-defensin 5 blocks infection of non-enveloped viruses, including AdV, HPV, and polyomaviruses (IC50: 0.6-1.25 μM for HPV16). Human α-defensin 5 can bind to the viral capsid and blocks escape of the virus from the endosome. Human α-defensin 5 increases HIV binding to the cell surface. Human α-defensin 5 also has parasiticidal activity .
Nv-CATH is an antibacterialpeptide of frog origin. Nv-CATH has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nv-CATH significantly protects mice from fatal infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Nv-CATH protects mice from bacterial infection through antimicrobial immunoregulatory duality .
Balteatide is an antimicrobialpeptide, which can be found in skin secretion of Phyllomedusa baltea. Balteatide inhibits the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=435 μM), the gram-negative Escherichia coli (MIC=109 μM), and Candida albicans (MIC=27 μM). Balteatide lacks hemolytic activity (at 512 mg/L) and myotropic activity .
Golotimod (SCV-07), an immunomodulating peptide with antimicrobial activity, significantly increases the efficacy of antituberculosis therapy, stimulates thymic and splenic cell proliferation, and improves macrophage function. Golotimod (SCV-07) inhibits STAT3 signaling and modulates the duration and severity of oral mucositis in animal models that received radiation or a combination of radiation and Cisplatin. Golotimod (SCV-07) is also a potential therapeutic for recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) .
Lynronne-1 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Lynronne-1 is active against Gram-positive bacterials, including MDR strains (MIC: 8-32 μg/mL for methicillin-resistant MRSA strains). Lynronne-1 reduces the bacterial load in MRSA infected wound murine model. Lynronne-1 is also effective against P. aeruginosa infection .
Golotimod TFA (SCV 07 TFA), an immunomodulating peptide with antimicrobial activity, significantly increases the efficacy of antituberculosis therapy, stimulates thymic and splenic cell proliferation, and improves macrophage function. Golotimod TFA (SCV 07 TFA) inhibits STAT3 signaling and modulates the duration and severity of oral mucositis in animal models that received radiation or a combination of radiation and Cisplatin. Golotimod TFA (SCV 07 TFA) is also a potential therapeutic for recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) .
S-Thanatin is an insect antimicrobialpeptide with potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. S-Thanatin can inhibit the activity of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi, without cytotoxicity. The antibacterial activity of S-Thanatin is not affected by PH value, but monovalent cations (Na +/K +) can reduce its antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria in a dose-dependent manner .
Pantinin-3 is an antimicrobialpeptide with antitumor activity found in the venom of the emperor scorpion (Pandinus imperator). Pantinin-3 shows selective toxicity against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and prostate cancer cells (DU-145). Pantinin-3 can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Pantinin-3 can be used in cancer research .
HLF1-11, a human lactoferrin-derived peptide, is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. HLF1-11 inhibits human MPO activity. HLF1-11 also directs GM-CSF-driven monocyte differentiation toward macrophages, and enhances immune responses .
AcrAP2 is an antimicrobialpeptide present in the venom of the Arabian scorpion (Androctonus crassicauda). AcrAP2 is inhibitory against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast but is essentially inactive against Gram-negative bacteria. A cation-enhanced AcrAP2 analog (AcrAP2a) exhibits significant antiproliferative effects at low concentrations against certain human cancer cell lines. AcrAP2 can be used in antibacterial and anti-tumor research .
Lasioglossin-III is an antimicrobialpeptide that can be isolated from the venom of wild bees. Lasioglossin-III has high antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, antifungal activity and antitumor activity. Lasioglossin-III has certain cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines (HeLa S3, CRC SW 480 and CCRF-CEM T) with IC50 values of 4, 18 and 5 μM, respectively .
Murepavadin (POL7080) (TFA), a 14-amino-acid cyclic peptide, is a highly potent, specific antibiotic. Murepavadin exhibits a potent antimicrobial activity for P. aeruginosa with MIC50 and MIC90 values both of 0.12 mg/L. Murepavadin also can target the lipopolysaccharide transport portin D. Murepavadin can be used for the research of bacterial resistance .
Murepavadin (POL7080), a 14-amino-acid cyclic peptide, is a highly potent, specific antibiotic. Murepavadin exhibits a potent antimicrobial activity for P. aeruginosa with both MIC50 and MIC90 values of 0.12 mg/L. Murepavadin also can target the lipopolysaccharide transport portin D. Murepavadin can be used for the research of bacterial resistance .
Histatin-3 TFA, a 32 amino acid peptide, possesses powerful antimicrobial properties. Histatin-3 TFA behaves as a substrate for proprotein convertase 1 (PC1), being cleaved by this endoprotease primarily at a site carboxy terminal to the single Arg25 residue (HRGYR decrease SN). Histatin-3 TFA is a moderately potent, reversible and competitive inhibitor of the furin-mediated cleavage of the pentapeptide pGlu-Arg-Thr-Lys-Arg-MCA fluorogenic substrate, with an estimated inhibition constant Ki of 1.98 μM .
Thanatin is an inducible cationic antimicrobialpeptide. Thanatin is a pathogen-inducible single-disulfide-bond-containing β-hairpin AMP. Thanatin displays broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as against various species of fungi with MICs of 0.3-40 µM, 0.6-40 µM and 0.6-20 µM, respectively. Thanatin has the property of competitive replacement of divalent cations from bacterial outer membrane (OM), leading to OM disruption .
Sphistin Synthetic Peptide (12-38, Fitc in N-Terminal-Fluorescently Labeled Peptide) is a truncated fragments of Sphistin Synthetic Peptide that shows potent antimicrobial activity.
SMAP-18 is a biological active peptide. (SMAP-18 is a 18-amino acid residue peptide amide which is a truncated form of SMAP-29. Sheep myeloid antimicrobialpeptide-29 (SMAP-29) displays extremely high antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas strains, other Gram-negative bacteria, and multidrug-resistant pathogens. SMAP-18 displays much higher cell selectivity as compared to parental SMAP-29 because of its decreased hemolytic activity and retained antimicrobial activity.)
Retro-indolicidin is a biological active peptide. (Reverse peptide of indolicidin (Rev4) is a 13-amino acid residue peptide based on the sequence of indolicidin. Indolicidin, a member of the cathelicidin protein family, is a 13-amino acid residue cationic, antimicrobialpeptide-amide isolated from the cytoplasmic granules of bovine neutrophils. The synthetic peptide Rev4 has been shown to possess strong antimicrobial as well as protease inhibitory activities in vitro.)
BMAP-18 is a biological active peptide. (BMAP-18 is a truncated form of the antimicrobialpeptide BMAP-27. Bovine myeloid antimicrobialpeptide-27 (BMAP-27) belongs to the Cathelicidin family of peptides which displays rapid bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, and Escherichia coli. BMAP-27 is cytotoxic to human erythrocytes and neutrophils, although at higher than microbicidal concentrations. BMAP-18 displays much higher cell selectivity as compared to parental BMAP-27 because of its decreased hemolytic activity and retained antimicrobial activity.)
Lactoferricin H, Lactotransferrin (37-61), human is a biological active peptide. (This is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from human lactotransferrin amino acid residues 37-61.)
LL-37 scrambled peptide acetate is a scrambled version of cathelicidin anti-microbialpeptide LL-37. LL-37 scrambled peptide acetate can be used as a negative control of LL-37 peptide studies.
LL-37 scrambled peptide is a scrambled version of cathelicidin anti-microbialpeptide LL-37. LL-37 scrambled peptide can be used as a negative control of LL-37 peptide studies.
Defensin NP-3A (NP-3A; Corticostatin 1) is a human granulocyte peptide, with anti-ACTH activity. Defensins are antimicrobialpeptides with and cytotoxic activity .
Dermaseptin, a peptide isolated from frog skin, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa at micromolar concentration .
Bac2A TFA is an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide. Bac2A TFA is a linear variant of bactenecin and is very effective against fungal pathogens.
Buforin II, derived from buforin I, a protein isolated from the stomach of the Asian toad Bufo bufo gargarizans, is a potent antimicrobialpeptide. Buforin II has antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria .
HAP-1 is a synovial-targeted transduction peptide. HAP-1 facilitates specific internalization of protein complexes into human and rabbit synovial cells. HAP-1 fused to an antimicrobialpeptide, (KLAK)2, to generate a proapoptotic peptide DP2 .
IDR-1002 is an anti-infective peptide that enhances the ability of human monocytes to migrate toward chemokines on fibronectin. IDR-1002 also induces adhesion and activation of β1-integrin, a mechanism that promotes monocyte recruitment .
LL-37(17-32) is a biological active peptide. (This peptide is an active segment of LL-37, a peptide derived from the C-terminal domain of human cathelicidin antimicrobialpeptide. It has been reported that the LL17-32 peptide exhibits reversal effect on ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer cell lines.)
Temporin L is a potent antimicrobialpeptide and is active against Gram-negative bacteria and yeast strains. Temporin L also has antiendotoxin properties .
OV-1, sheep is an alpha-helical antimicrobial ovispirin peptide derived from SMAP29 peptide (sheep), which inhibits several antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains including mucoid and nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
Dermaseptin TFA, a peptide isolated from frog skin, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa at micromolar concentration .
C16G2 is a specific targeted antimicrobialpeptide (STAMP) that targets the cariogenic oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans. C16G2 specifically recognizes and disrupts the bacterial cell membrane, causing small molecule leakage and loss of membrane potential, leading to bacterial killing. Unlike broad-spectrum antimicrobialpeptides, C16G2 exhibits higher selectivity and efficacy against Streptococcus mutans .
LL-37, human TFA is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobialpeptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. LL-37, human TFA could help protect the cornea from infection and modulates wound healing .
Pardaxin P 4 is an antimicrobialpeptide found in the secretions of Red Sea Moses sole. Pardaxin P 4 acts as a biomembrane perforator that can interact with phospholipid bilayers of different compositions and induce cytotoxicity and pore formation. Pardaxin P 4 can be used in the research of antimicrobial drugs .
Epifadin is an antimicrobial agent consisting of a non-ribosomally synthesized peptide, a polyketide component and a terminal modified amino acid moiety. Epifadin eliminates nasal Staphylococcus aureus .
Lactoferricin B (4-14), bovine (TFA), a peptide corresponding to residues 4-14 of bovine lactoferrin, has antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms .
Duramycin (Moli1901) is a lantibiotic derived from Streptomyces cinnamoneuma. Duramycin also is a antimicrobialpeptide. Duramycin can be used for the research of cystic fibrosis (CF) .
Urechistachykinin II (Uru-TK II), an invertebrate tachykinin-related peptides (TRPs) isolated from echiuroid worms, shows antimicrobial activities without a hemolytic effect .
Urechistachykinin I (Uru-TK I), an invertebrate tachykinin-related peptides (TRPs) isolated from echiuroid worms, shows antimicrobial activities without a hemolytic effect .
Drosocin is a biological active peptide. (Drosocin is a 19-mer cationic antimicrobialpeptide from Drosophila melanogaster. In Drosophila native drosocin carries a disaccharide moiety attached to a threonine residue in mid-chain position. This synthetic drosocin peptide of identical amino acid sequence without the disaccharide has an activity several times lower than the native compound.)
β-defesin 1 (pig) (pBD-1) TFA is an endogenous and constitutively expressed antimicrobialpeptide (AMP) from porcine tissues, particularly expresses in pig mucosal epithelial sites. β-defesin 1 (pig) TFA has antimicrobial activities and contributes to mucosal and systemic host defenses in pigs .
CysHHC10 is a synthetic antimicrobialpeptide (AMP), and exhibits strong anti-microbial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC values of CysHHC10 against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. epidermidis are 10.1 mM, 20.2 mM, 2.5 mM and 1.3 mM, respectively .
CAP 37 (20-44) is a peptide based on amino acid residues 20 through 44 of CAP37. CAP37, a Cationic antimicrobial protein of 37 kDa, is a multifunctional protein .
CysHHC10 TFA is a synthetic antimicrobialpeptide (AMP), and exhibits strong anti-microbial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC values of CysHHC10 TFA against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. epidermidis are 10.1 mM, 20.2 mM, 2.5 mM and 1.3 mM, respectively .
Beta-defensin 103 isoform X1, pig is an antimicrobialpeptide found in different living organisms, involved in the first line of defense in their innate immune response against pathogens .
Garvicin KS, GakA is a peptide at sizes of 34 amino acids to form bacteriocin garvicin KS (GarKS), with other 2 peptides, GakB, and GakC. Garvicin KS, GakA inhibits fibroblast viability and proliferation. Garvicin KS, GakA with GakB, is a potent combination with good peptide stability, antimicrobial efficacy, and fibroblast viability/proliferation effects. Garvicin KS peptides inhibit MSSA with MIC values in the order GakB >GakC >GakA .
Beta-defensin 103 isoform X1, pig TFA is an antimicrobialpeptide found in different living organisms, involved in the first line of defense in their innate immune response against pathogens .
BMAP-27 is an antimicrobialpeptide capable of disrupting the membrane integrity of microorganisms. Due to its membrane permeability, MAP-27 has inhibitory activity against both bacteria and cancer cells .
Maculatin 1.1 TFA is an antimicrobialpeptide with an MIC against Staphylococcus aureus of 7 μM. Maculatin 1.1 TFA can perforate the bacterial membrane of Staphylococcus aureus, causing bacterial death .
Pexiganan (MSI 78 free base) is a synthetic analog of magainin 2. Pexiganan is a potent and orally active broad-spectrum antimicrobialpeptide. Pexiganan can be used in the research of infections, such as diabetic foot ulcer infections .
AMPR-22 is an antimicrobialpeptide. AMPR-22 can bind to the bacterial membrane and induces membrane permeabilization. AMPR-22 is effective against murine model of sepsis induced by MDR strains
Pardaxin P5 TFA is the TFA salt form of Pardaxin P5 (HY-P5803). Pardaxin P5 TFA is an antimicrobialpeptide that inhibits Escherichia coli with a MIC value of 13 μM .
DOTA-ubiquicidin (29-41), an antimicrobialpeptide fragment derivative, can be used for synthesis of [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Ubiquicidin29-41 and then used for imaging of infectious processes using PET/CT .
P-113 is an antimicrobialpeptide (AMP) derived from the human salivary protein histatin 5. P-113 is active against clinically important microorganisms such as Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., and C. albicans .
JB-95 acetate, a β-hairpin macrocyclic peptide, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. JB-95 acetate can selectively disrupt the outer membrane but not the inner membrane of E. coli .
JB-95, a β-hairpin macrocyclic peptide, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. JB-95 can selectively disrupt the outer membrane but not the inner membrane of E. coli .
LL-37, acetylated, amidated is a cathelicidin peptide LL-37 acetylated on the N-terminus and amidated on the C-terminus. The single human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 has antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against multiple Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogens, and has wound-healing effects on the host .
Tet-20 is a biological active peptide. (Tet-20, is a synthetic cathelicidin-derived peptide. It was tested as infection-resistant coating for medical devices. When tethered on an implant surface Tet-20 exhibited broad antimicrobial activities both in vivo and in vitro. It can stop biofilm formation and appears to be non-toxic to eukaryotic cells)
Citrullinated LL-37 3cit is a host defense peptide (HDP) with broad immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities. Citrullinated LL-37 3cit exhibits direct antiviral effects against human rhinoviruses (HRV) .
Api137 TFA is an antimicrobialpeptide that interferes with bacterial growth by inhibiting translation. Api137 TFA inhibits protein synthesis by trapping of release factors on the 70S ribosome following hydrolysis of the nascent polypeptide chain .
2-Aminooctanoic acid (DL-α-Aminocaprylic acid) is a fatty acid with an amino functional group that can be directly coupled at both the C-terminal and N-terminal with antimicrobialpeptides (AMP) derived from lactoferrin B to enhance antibacterial activity .
Macropin (MAC-1 peptide) is an antimicrobialpeptide found in the venom of the solitary bee Macropis fulvipes. Macropin has antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and also exhibits inhibitory activity against fungi and moderate hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. Macropin can be used in research on anti-infective therapy .
Defensin HNP-1 human is a Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs), involved in endothelial cell dysfunction at the time of early atherosclerotic development. Defensin HNP-1 human exhibits broad antimicrobial and anti-leishmanial activities .
Human β-defensin-2 (HβD-2) is a small cysteine-rich cationic skin-antimicrobialpeptide (SAP) produced by a number of epithelial cells.Human β-defensin-2 has antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria and Candida, but not gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus . Human β-defensin-2 can be used for the study of colitis .
Defensin HNP-1 human TFA is a Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs), involved in endothelial cell dysfunction at the time of early atherosclerotic development. Defensin HNP-1 human TFA exhibits broad antimicrobial and anti-leishmanial activities .
P-113D is an antimicrobialpeptide that targets Pseudomonas aeruginosa, showing good antibacterial activity and can be used in cystic fibrosis research, the MIC for P-113D against ATCC 27853 is 3.1 μg/mL .
Iseganan is an anti-microbialpeptide that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Iseganan kills a broad-spectrum of bacteria and fungi by attaching to and destroying the integrity of the lipid cell membranes. Iseganan can be used for oral mucositis research .
Lactoferrin 17-41 (Lactoferricin B) acetate, a peptide corresponding to residues 17-41 of bovine lactoferrin, has antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. Lactoferrin 17-41 acetate has antitumor activities .
Bac8c is an antimicrobialpeptide with strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The MIC of Bac8c against S. aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa are 2, 8, 4, 4, and 4 μg/mL, respectively .
CRAMP (140-173) (mouse) TFA is a ortholog of human LL-37antimicrobialpeptide. CRAMP (140-173) (mouse) TFA inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced responses, and can not colocalized with TLR3 in BEAS-2B cells .
Epinecidin-1 (Piscidin-1 (22-42)) is a highly potent, multi-functional AntimicrobialPeptide (AMP) produced by Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Epinecidin-1 has many functional usages including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and wound healing properties .
Prostaglandin E2 serinol amide is a weak inhibitor of the hydrolysis of [3H]2-oleoylglycerol. Prostaglandin E2 serinol amide is non-hydrolyzable to produce PGE2 and thus cannot inhibit leukotriene B4 biosynthesis, superoxide production, migration and antimicrobialpeptide release .
Cys-Pexiganan TFA is an amphiphilic antimicrobialpeptide. Cys-Pexiganan TFA exhibits antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with MIC of 16 μg/mL and 64.0 μg/mL. Cys-Pexiganan TFA interacts with anionic phospholipids and DNA of microbial cell membranes, disintegrates the cells and leads to cell death .
Epinecidin-1 (Piscidin-1 (22-42)) TFA is a highly potent, multi-functional AntimicrobialPeptide (AMP) produced by Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Epinecidin-1 TFA has many functional usages including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and wound healing properties .
Ambuic acid exhibits antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with IC50 of 43.9 μM for strain ATCC 6538. Ambuic acid is an inhbitor for the biosynthesis of cyclic peptide quorum sensing molecules (quormones) in gram-positive bacteria. Ambuic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through ERK/JNK/MAPK signaling pathway .
Pexiganan acetate (MSI 78) is the acetate salt form of Pexiganan (HY-105088). Pexiganan acetate is an orally active broad-spectrum antimicrobialpeptide, which inhibits 99% gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria through disruption of cell membrane/cells permeability. Pexiganan acetate can be used in the research of infections, such as diabetic foot ulcer infections .
8304-vs is a macrocyclic anti-Plasmodial agent that covalently and irreversibly targets the Plasmodium proteasome. 8304-vs effectively inhibits the growth of Plasmodium falciparum .
IDR-1 is an antimicrobialpeptide that is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. IDR-1 counters infection by selective modulation of innate immunity without obvious toxicities. IDR-1 has anti-inflammatory and anti-infective properties, enhances the levels of monocyte chemokines, and attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine release .
CHRG01 is a biological active peptide. (CHRG01 is derived from human b-defensin 3 (hBD3) C-terminal amino acids 54 to 67, with all Cys residues substituted with Ser. This substitution removes all disulfide bond linkages within the sequence. CHRG01, like hBD3, displays electrostatic-dependent antimicrobial properties.)
LBM-415 (NVP-PDF 713) is a peptide deformylase (PDF) inhibitor that exhibits inhibitory activity against various antimicrobial-resistant gram-positive cocci, with a MIC90 range of 0.12-8 µg/ml. Additionally, inhibiting efflux pump activity can enhance bacterial sensitivity to LBM415, thereby improving its antibacterial efficacy .
BMAP 28, bovine is an antibacterial peptide. BMAP 28, bovine exhibits antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, by increasing cell membrane permeability, and causing leakage of cell contents. BMAP 28, bovine exhibits cytotoxicity to cancer cells and activated human lymphocytes. BMAP 28, bovine induces apoptosis through depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential .
Amlodipine hydrochloride is a biologically active drug used to lower blood pressure and prevent chest pain. Amlodipine hydrochloride has shown synergistic effects with antimicrobial drugs in in vitro studies, especially against carbene peptide-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Amlodipine hydrochloride can be used in combination with other antibiotics to enhance the inhibitory effect against resistant bacteria. The use of amlodipine hydrochloride helps reduce the dosage requirements of the drug, reduce toxic effects, and delay the emergence of drug resistance .
Omiganan pentahydrochloride is a cationic peptide compound with a broad antibacterial profile. Omiganan pentahydrochloride is capable of inhibiting a variety of bacteria, including yeast, and is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Omiganan pentahydrochloride is able to interact with the bacterial cell membrane, causing the destruction of the cell membrane and the death of the bacteria. Omiganan pentahydrochloride can be used for the study of antimicrobial activity against pathogens commonly associated with catheter-associated infections, including strains with drug-resistant phenotypes .
Lanopepden mesylate (GSK 1322322 mesylate) is a peptide deformase (PDF) inhibitor. Lanopepden mesylate has antibacterial activity by inhibiting the activity of PDF, preventing the correct synthesis of bacterial proteins. Lanopepden mesylate mainly targets Gram-positive bacteria. Lanopepden mesylate can be used in the study of acute bacterial skin and skin structural infections .
BTM-P1 is a polycationic peptide that exhibits antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. BTM-P1 can form ion-permeable channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane to interfere with mitochondrial energy processes .
Enterocin K1 (EntK1) is a bacteriocin. Enterocin K1 is a ribosomal synthetic peptide. Enterocin K1 specifically targets Enterococcus faecalis via the Eep protein on the bacterial membrane. Enterocin K1 displays a potent antibacterial activity against VRE. Enterocin K1 can be used for related studies of VRE infections .
SAAP 148 is an antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent, and exhibits inhibitory efficacy against antibiotic-resistant pathogens, with LC50 of 0.8-12.8 μM .
Kalata B7 is a cyclotide that can be isolated from Oldenlandia affinis DC (Rubiaceae) and possesses membrane-permeating capabilities. Kalata B7 is also a partial agonist of oxytocin and vasopressin V1a receptors .
Pediocin PA-1 is a broad-spectrum lactic acid bacterial bacteriocin that inhibits the activity of foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and Gram-positive bacteria. Pediocin PA-1 can be used as a food biopreservative .
F9170 is an amphipathic peptide with an activity of inactivate HIV-1 virions. F9170 targets the conserved cytoplasmic tail of HIV-1 env and disrupts the integrity of the viral membrane. F9170 is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) .
Temporin-GHd exhibits antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (MIC=13.1 μM; MBC=26 μM). Temporin-GHd increases the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane, causing membrane damage and leakage of cellular contents. Temporin-GHd disrupts preformed biofilms at high concentrations. Temporin-GHd can bind to bacterial DNA, inhibiting DNA migration .
Daptomycin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Daptomycin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with rapid in vitro bactericidal activity against gram-positive organisms.
RW3 is a small cationic hexapeptide with amphiphilic properties. RW3 targets the plasma membrane of bacteria and works by inhibiting cell respiration and cell wall synthesis. RW3 shows high biological activity against gram-positive bacteria and does not show significant cytotoxic or hemolytic effects in previous studies. RW3 quickly kills 97% of the initial colony forming units (CFU) within 10 minutes at twice the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). RW3 can be used in antimicrobial and antifungal studies .
Polymyxin B Sulfate is a potent antibacterial agent and a relatively toxic antibiotic. Polymyxin B Sulfate also is a antiendotoxin agent. Polymyxin B Sulfate shows endotoxin-neutralizing properties can be used as adjunctive research in gram-negative sepsis. Polymyxin B Sulfate shows antibacterial activities in vitro and in vivo .
Neurotensin, a gut tridecapeptide, acts as a potent cellular mitogen for various colorectal and pancreatic cancers which possess high-affinity neurotensin receptors (NTR).
Substance P (Neurokinin P) is a neuropeptide, acting as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator in the CNS. The endogenous receptor for substance P is neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1-receptor, NK1R).
PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat is a neuropeptide with 38 amino acid residues. PACAP (1-38) binds to PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2 with IC50s of 4 nM, 2 nM, and 1 nM, respectively.
Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by a group of Gram-positive bacteria that belongs to Lactococcus and Streptococcus species. Nisin has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity .
Alamethicin, isolated from Trichoderma viride, is a channel-forming peptide antibiotic and induces voltage-gated conductance in model and cell membranes .
Gramicidin A is a peptide component of gramicidin, an antibiotic mixture originally isolated from B. brevis. Gramicidin A is a highly hydrophobic channel-forming ionophore that forms channels in model membranes that are permeable to monovalent cations. Gramicidin A induces degradation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α) .
Catestatin is a 21-amino acid residue, cationic and hydrophobic peptide. Catestatin is an endogenous peptide that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure . Catestatin is a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to inhibit catecholamine release .
SMAP-29, a promising antiinfective agent, is a broad spectrum antibacterial and antifungal α-helical cathelicidin-derived peptide. SMAP-29 acts by permeabilizing bacterial membranes and inducing remarkable changes in the surface morphology of susceptible microorganism .
Defensin HNP 4 (HNP 4) is a single 11 amino acid long fragment of HNP-41-11. Defensin HNP 4 has inhibitory effect against multidrug-resistant and non-resistant strains .
Retrocyclin-1 is a kind of Theta-defensin. Retrocyclin-1 recognizes and binds to carbohydrate-containing surface molecules, to protect cells from HIV-1 infection. Retrocyclin-1 exhibits high affinity to fetuin, gp120 (Kd=35.4 nM), CD4 (Kd=31 nM), and galactosylceramide (Kd=24.1 nM) .
Bactenecin 5 is a bovine antibacterial peptide. Bactenecin 5 is active against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. T, with MIC values of 12-25 μg/mL .
Lugdunin is an antibiotic peptide. Lugdunin inhibits bacteria by dissipating their membrane potential. Lugdunin is active against Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, and reduces S. aureus skin and nasal colonization. Lugdunin induces LL-37 and CXCL8/MIP-2 in human keratinocytes and mouse skin .
Urumin has antiviral activity against the human influenza A virus. Urumin inhibits the growth of PR8 influenza virus (IC50: 3.8 μM). Urumin targets the conserved stalk of H1 hemagglutini, and is effective at neutralizing drug-resistant H1 influenza viruses. Urumin protects naive mice from lethal influenza infection .
Baceridin is a proteasome inhibitor and a cyclic hexapeptide. Baceridin can be isolated from the culture medium of Epiphytic Bacillus. Baceridin can inhibit cell cycle progression and induce tumor cell apoptosis through a p53-independent pathway. Baceridin can be used in cancer research .
CRAMP-18 (mouse) is an antibiotic peptide without hemolytic activity. CRAMP-18 (mouse) has good inhibitory activity against Gram-negative bacteria, such as S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa. CRAMP-18 (mouse) has the potential to study antifungal, antibacterial and antitumor .
Human α-Defensin 6, a 32-residue cysteine-rich peptide, can inhibit bacterial invasion and contribute to the mucosal immunity. Human α-Defensin 6 forms ordered self-assembly fibrils and nanonets that surround and entangle bacteria after stochastic binding to bacterial surface proteins. Human α-Defensin 6 also inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation .
IDR-1018 is an innate defense regulator conjugate, with MICs of 16 μg/mL for MRSA USA300 LAC, MRSA SAP 0017 and S. epidermidis ATCC14990. IDR-1018 can be used to synthesis V-IDR1018 (vancomycin-innate defense regulator conjugate) .
Tiger17 is an effective wound healing agent. Tiger17 is able to induce the secretion of TGF-β1 and acts through the Smad signaling pathway, specifically promoting wound healing by increasing the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 .
AIP-II is a macrocyclic peptide signaling molecule used for quorum sensing, which can be produced be Staphylococcus aureus. AIP-II binds to AgrC-II receptor, regulates the virulence gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus. AIP-II is an antagonist for AgrC-I receptor .
Cyclic L27-11 is a cyclic peptide-like antibiotic with strong antibacterial activity against specific bacteria such as Pseudomonas sp. Cyclic L27-11 shows nanomolar antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp., especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cyclic L27-11 interferes with the function of bacterial outer membrane protein LptD, preventing the normal transport of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leading to the accumulation of membrane-like substances in bacterial cells, which in turn affects the survival of bacteria. Cyclic L27-11 can be used in the development of antibacterial agents .
Teixobactin is a potent antibiotic. Teixobactin shows antibacterial activity for gram-negative bacteria. Teixobactin inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to a highly conserved motif of lipid II and lipid III .
Thanatin TFA is an inducible cationic antimicrobialpeptide. Thanatin TFA s a pathogen-inducible single-disulfide-bond-containing β-hairpin AMP. Thanatin TFA displays broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as against various species of fungi with MICs of 0.3-40 µM, 0.6-40 µM and 0.6-20 µM, respectively. Thanatin TFA has the property of competitive replacement of divalent cations from bacterial outer membrane (OM), leading to OM disruption .
KKL-40 is a small molecule inhibitor that targets the trans-transcription process and is effective against methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as well as other Gram-positive pathogens including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. KKL-40 synergizes with the human antimicrobialpeptide LL-37 to inhibit S. aureus, but does not synergize with other antibiotics such as daptomycin, kanamycin, or erythromycin. Trans-transcription is an extreme form of recoding, and KKL-40 inhibits trans-transcription but is nontoxic to HeLa cells .
Hepcidin-25 (human) is an iron metabolism modulator. Hepcidin-25 (human) shows anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity via modulation of iron-mediated oxidant injury .
Crotamine is a Na + channel modulator. Crotamine is a 42 amino acid toxin cross-linked by three disulfide bridges. Crotamine has analgesic activity. Crotamine also interacts with lipid membranes and shows myonecrotic activity. Crotamine can be isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom .
Bradykinin is an effective endothelium-dependent vasodilator that can lower blood pressure. Bradykinin can induce contraction of bronchial and intestinal non-vascular smooth muscle, increase vascular permeability, and participate in the mechanism of pain .
Melittin is a PLA2 activator, stimulates the activity of the low molecular weight PLA2, while it does not the increase activity of the high molecular weight PLA2 .
β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA (Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42) (human) TFA) is a 42-amino acid peptide which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease .
Epsilon-polylysine is an antimicrobialpeptide that can be produced by bacteria such as Streptomyces. Epsilon-polylysine inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts and molds and is therefore often used as a green food additive and preservative in various food and beverage products. Epsilon-polylysine has a variety of properties, including thermal stability, resistance to acidic conditions, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Epsilon-polylysine can be loaded on other materials to form nanoparticles or form nanofiber membranes for targeted delivery to exert sustained antibacterial efficacy. Epsilon-polylysine is also used as a liposome stabilizer .
ε-Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride (MV 2000-5000) is an antimicrobialpeptide that can be produced by bacteria such as Streptomyces. Epsilon-polylysine hydrochloride inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts and molds and is therefore often used as a green food additive and preservative in various food and beverage products. Epsilon-polylysine hydrochloride has a variety of properties, including thermal stability, resistance to acidic conditions, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Epsilon-polylysine hydrochloride can be loaded on other materials to form nanoparticles or form nanofiber membranes for targeted delivery to exert sustained antibacterial efficacy. Epsilon-polylysine hydrochloride is also used as a liposome stabilizer .
Bovine tracheal antimicrobialpeptide is a kind of comes from the tracheal mucosa of antimicrobialpeptides. Bovine tracheal antimicrobialpeptide has activity against E.coli D31, K.pneumoniae 13883, S.aureus 25923, P.aeruginosa 27853 and C.albicans 14053, MIC value 12-25, 12-25, 25-50, 25-50, 6-12 μg/ml, respectively .
Peptide 12d is an antimicrobialpeptide isolated from the venom of wasp. Peptide 12d mediates antimicrobial response by stimulating mast cell degranulation .
The K4 peptide is an antimicrobialpeptide with strong activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including human pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Marine Vibrio bacteria .
SP-B peptide is an antimicrobialpeptide. SP-B peptide has antifungal activity against strains of Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus
XT-2 peptide is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Xenopus tropicalis. XT-2 peptide has strong activity against E.coli, the vaule of MIC is 8 μM .
Peptide 5f is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from wasp venom. Peptide 5f has antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Peptide 5f has little hemolytic activity on human red blood cells .
Anoplin is an antimicrobialpeptide found in the venom of the solitary wasp (Anoplius samariensis). Anoplin exhibits antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Anoplin can be used in the development of antibiotics .
Polyphemusin I is a natural antimicrobialpeptide with excellent antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Polyphemusin I contains 18 amino acids and is stabilized into an amphiphilic, antiparallel β-hairpin by two disulfide bridges .
Maximin 42 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 42 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 37.5 μg/mL). Maximin 42 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
P1 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobialpeptide. P1 shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,such as B. anthracis spores and Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae .
Maximin 77 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 77 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin 77 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
Gageotetrin A is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Gageotetrin A has antifungal activity, but none toxic to numerous human cancer cells .
Im5, an antimicrobialpeptide, has antibacterial (MIC: 10, 2.5-5, 0.5-1 μM for E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis respectively) and hemolytic activity (EC50: 28 μM) .
Seabream hepcidin is an antimicrobialpeptide with anti-bacterial (V.anguillarum), fungal (S.cerevisiae) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus activity .
CaLL is an antimicrobialpeptide. CaLL has antibacterial activity against B. anthracis, B. anthracis (vegetative), and B. cepacia (MIC: 7.8, 31.3, 31.3 μg/mL) .
Gageotetrin C is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Gageotetrin C is more active against fungi (MIC value is 0.02-0.04 μM) .
Xenopsin precursor fragment is an antimicrobialpeptide, and has antibacterial/antifungal (10-500 μg/mL) and anti-protozoal (MIC: 2-20 μg/mL) activity .
XT-4 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Xenopus tropicalis. XT-4 has strong activity against E.coli, the vaule of MIC is 18 μM .
Maximin 41 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 41 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 75 μg/mL). Maximin 41 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
Aeschna defensing is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from hemolymph of dragonfly aquatic larvae. Aeschna defensing has strong activity against gram-positive bacteria .
Distinctin is an antimicrobialpeptide. Distinctin can be isolated from frog skin. Distinctin has antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli (MIC: 14.5, 28.0, 28.0, 14.5 μM) .
LCI peptide is an antimicrobialpeptide with antibacterial activity. LCI peptide is active against plant pathogens, Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas, including E. coli, Gentamicin-resistant MRSA and Xoo .
Tur1A is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncates. Tur1A inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes and blocking the transition from the initiation stage to the extension stage .
EP2 is an antimicrobialpeptide. EP2 has antibacterial and antifungal activities. EP2 inhibits E. gallinarum, P. pyocyanea, A. baumanii, K. terrigena with a MIC value of 11.4 μg/mL .
Maximin 49 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 49 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin 49 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Bovine neutrophil beta-defensin 12 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from bovine neutrophils, which has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .
Bombinin H-BO1 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from toad Bombina orientalis skin secretions. Bombinin H-BO1 is active against Candida albicans, and the MIC value is 256 mg/L .
GP-2B is an antimicrobialpeptide. GP-2B shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strain (MIC: 8-128 μg/mL for S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) .
Mastoparan B is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from hornet Vespa. Mastoparan B can cause the shape of red blood cells to change from normal disk-like to serrated .
Maximin 68 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 68 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis (MIC: 18.8, 9.4, 37.5, 9.4 μg/mL). Maximin 68 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
XT-1 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Xenopus tropicalis. XT-1 has strong activity against S.aureus, E.coli and C.albicans, the vaule of MIC are 5, 6, 50 μM , respectively .
Bombinin H1 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the skin of moth Bombina variegata. The lethal concentrations of Bombinin H1 against Escherichia coli D21 and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 are 3.8 and 2.1 μM, respectively .
Bombinin H3 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the skin of moth Bombina variegata. The lethal concentrations of Bombinin H3 against Escherichia coli D21 and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 are 3.7 and 2.4 μM, respectively .
Bombinin H4 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the skin of moth Bombina variegata. The lethal concentrations of Bombinin H4 against Escherichia coli D21 and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 are 4.8 and 3.3 μM, respectively .
Bombinin-BO1 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from toad Bombina orientalis skin secretions. Bombinin-BO1 is active against E. coli, S. aureus and Candida albicans, the MIC values are 64, 64, 128 mg/L, respectively .
MCF is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from bee venom. MCF has activity against E.coli W 160-37, S.aureus 8530 and B.subtilis, the MIC values are 35-45 μg/ml, 25-35 μg/ml and 15-25 μg/ml .
Maximin 45 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 41 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis (MIC: 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL). Maximin 45 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Histatin-8 is a part of the Histatin-3 central sequence and is known as hemagglutination-inhibitingpeptide. Histatin-8 is a potent anti-fungalpeptide. Histatin-8 shows antimicrobial activity against yeast strains. Histatin-8 can be used for oral thrush research .
Tritrpticin is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from pig bone marrow. Tritrpticin shows activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans (MIC=250 and 1000 μg/ml, respectively) .
Maximin 78 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 78 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 37.5, 4.7, 37.5 μg/mL). Maximin 78 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Maximin H39 is an antimicrobialpeptide. MaximinH39 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 9.4, 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin H39 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Bombinin H7 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Bombina. Bombinin H7 is active against Bacillus megaterium Bm11 with a lethal concentration of 25.2 μM .
Aurein 2.6 is an antibioticantimicrobialpeptide. Aurein 2.6 is active against Gram-positive bacterial (MIC: 25, 25, 30, 25, 30 μM for M. luteus, S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. mutans, B. subtilis) .
Aurein 3.1 is an antibioticantimicrobialpeptide. Aurein 2.6 is active against Gram-positive bacterial (MIC: 80, 50, 50, 50, 50 μM for M. luteus, S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. mutans, B. subtilis) .
Tachyplesin I is a β-hairpin antimicrobialpeptide that contains 17 amino acid residues. Tachyplesin I exhibits cytotoxic properties against various human tumor cell lines acting primarily by impairing the integrity of the outer cell membrane .
Dermcidin-1L (human) is an antibiotic peptide secreted by sweat glands. Dermcidin-1L (human) has antimicrobial activity. Dermcidin-1L (human) can be used for the research of inflammatory skin disorders .
Maximin 1 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Bombina maxima. Maximin 1 has cytotoxicity on tumor cells and spermicidal effect .
Maximin 2 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Bombina maxima. Maximin 2 has cytotoxicity on tumor cells and spermicidal effect .
Maximin 4 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Bombina maxima. Maximin 4 has cytotoxicity on tumor cells and spermicidal effect .
Maximin 5 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Bombina maxima. Maximin 5 has cytotoxicity on tumor cells and spermicidal effect .
Cys-LL37 is a biomaterial with antimicrobial properties developed by covalently fixing to the surface of titanium. Cys-LL37 uses a flexible hydrophilic polyethylene glycol spacer and selective n-terminal coupling LL37, a surface peptide layer that kills bacteria on contact is formed. Cys-LL37 can be used in research to develop new antimicrobial biomaterials .
Maximin H2 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H2 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 20, 2, 4, 2 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin H3 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H3 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 20, 10, 20, 5 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin H4 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H4 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 12, 6, 12, 6 μg/ml, respectively .
Magainin 1 (Magainin I) is an antimicrobial and amphipathic peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Magainin 1 exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria .
Maximin 31 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 31 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 37.5, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin H1 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H1 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 9, 4.5, 9, 4.5 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin 32 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 32 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 39 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 39 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 18.8, 37.5 μg/mL, respectively .
Pantinin-1 is an antimicrobialpeptide found in the venom of the Pandinus imperator scorpion. Pantinin-1 has potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, weak antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, and very low hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. Pantinin-1 also has anticancer activity and can induce apoptosis in tumor cells .
PP102 is an antimicrobialpeptide is active against gram-positive B. subtilis (MIC: 25 uM), S. aureus (MIC: 13.3 uM), S. lutea (MIC: 63 uM), and B. pumilu (MIC: 23 uM) .
HBA(111-142), an antimicrobialpeptide, is a C-terminal 32-mer fragment of alpha-hemoglobin. HBA(111-142) has antibacterial activity against the ESKAPE panel of pathogens. HBA(111-142) forms amyloid fibrils, and has antiviral activities. HBA(111-142) inhibits measles and herpes viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2, HCMV) .
Maximin 15 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 15 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 28 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 28 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
EP3 is an antimicrobialpeptide. EP3 has antibacterial and antifungal activities. EP3 inhibits E. gallinarum, P. pyocyanea, A. baumanii, K. terrigena with a MIC value of 12.85 μg/mL. EP3 also shows antitumor activity against cancer cells, and induces cell apoptosis .
Maximin 3 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from skin secretions of Bombina maxima. Maximin 3 has cytotoxicity on tumor cells and spermicidal effect. Maximin 3 has significant anti-HIV activity .
Tilapia piscidin 3 is an antimicrobialpeptide with antibacterial activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria (MIC: 2.44, 2.44, 9.78, 19.55, 0.61 μg/mL for V. vulnificus 204, V. alginolyticus, S. agalactiae 819, E. faecalis BCRC 10066, S. agalactiae BCRC 10787). Tilapia piscidin 3 has hemolytic activity in fish red blood cells .
HG2 is a fast-acting antimicrobialpeptide. HG2 shows anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory activities. HG2 is active against Gram-positive pathogens, especially against MRSA strains (MIC: 16-32?μg/mL). HG2 can bind to bacterial lipids and reduces ATP concentration in S. aureus MRSA USA300 cells .
HG4 is a fast-acting antimicrobialpeptide. HG4 shows anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory activities. HG4 is active against Gram-positive pathogens, especially against MRSA strains (MIC: 32-64?μg/mL). HG4 can bind to bacterial lipids and reduces ATP concentration in S. aureus MRSA USA300 cells .
PP113 is an antimicrobialpeptide is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, E.coli (MIC: 73.3 uM), B. subtilis (MIC: 23.3 uM), S. aureus (MIC: 13 uM), S. lutea (MIC: 16.7 uM), and B. pumilu (MIC: 23.3 uM) .
EP5-1 is an antimicrobialpeptide. EP5-1 has antibacterial and antifungal activities. EP5-1 also shows antitumor activity against cancer cells, and induces cell apoptosis. EP5-1 has antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus (PRV) .
PGLa, a 21-residue peptide, is an antimicrobialpeptide. PGLa is a member of the magainin family of antibiotic peptides found in frog skin and its secretions .
K11 is an antimicrobialpeptide. K11 is active against MDR/XDR K. pneumoniae isolates (MIC: 8-512 μg/mL), and inhibits bacterial biofilm formation. K11 can act synergistically with antibiotics (Chloramphenicol (HY-B0239), Meropenem (HY-13678), Rifampicin (HY-B0272), etc.) against drug-resistant K. pneumoniae. K11 has high thermal and wide pH stability .
Bactenecin (Bactenecin, bovine) is a potent 12-aa looped antimicrobialpeptide isolated from bovine neutrophils. Bactenecin inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeast, and kills the fungus Trichophyton rubrum. Bactenecin increass membrane permeability, inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of B. pseudomallei .
PP13 is an antimicrobialpeptide, and is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria E.coli (MIC: 16.7 uM), B. subtilis (MIC: 13.3 uM), S. aureus (MIC: 23.3 uM), S. lutea (MIC: 8.0 uM), and B. pumilu (MIC: 9.0 uM) .
PGLa TFA, a 21-residue peptide, is an antimicrobialpeptide. PGLa TFA is a member of the magainin family of antibiotic peptides found in frog skin and its secretions .
SpHistin is an antimicrobialpeptide (AMP). SpHistin can bind to LPS (HY-D1056) and permeabilize the bacterial membrane. SpHistin combined with Rifampicin (HY-B0272) and Azithromycin (HY-17506) promotes the intracellular uptake of the antibiotics and subsequently enhances the bactericidal activity of both agents against P. aeruginosa .
Des(8-14)brevinin-1PMa is a host-defense peptide that exhibits antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Echerichia coli. Des(8-14)brevinin-1PMa also shows hemolytic activity .
d-(KLAKLAK)2, as an antibacterial and anti-tumor polypeptide, is a representative of the antimicrobialpeptide group, and also has good anticancer properties. d-(KLAKLAK)2 is able to kill bacteria by damaging their cell membranes, causing cell contents to leak out. d-(KLAKLAK)2 can also inhibit tumor cell proliferation by causing mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial membrane destruction, triggering apoptosis (programmed cell death) .
Magainin 2 (Magainin II) is an?antimicrobial?peptide (AMP) isolated from the skin of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis. Magainin 2 displays antibiotic activity against numerous gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Magainin 2 also is active against protozoa . Magainin 2 exerts its cytotoxicity effects by preferential interactions with anionic phospholipids abundant in bacterial membranes .
Pantinin-2 is a cysteine-free toxic peptide found in the emperor scorpion (paninus imperator). Pantinin-2 has high activity against Gram-positive bacteria but weak activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Pantinin-2 also exhibits activity against Candida tropicalis and has relatively mild hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. Pantinin-2 can be used in the development of antimicrobial drugs for drug-resistant pathogens .
LA-Bac8c is a Lipoic acid modified antimicrobialpeptide with enhanced antimicrobial properties. LA-Bac8c inhibits S. aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa with MICs of 1, 4, 8, 8, and 8 μg/mL .
Lifeact peptide is a fusion structure of BP100 bound to actin. BP100 (KKLFKKILKYL-amide) is an antimicrobialpeptide against plant pathogens that acts as a fast and effective cell penetrant to transport fluorescent test cargo into the cytoplasm of plant cell walls .
Amp1EP9 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Amp1EP9 is a powerful tool for developing potent and nontoxic antimicrobial agents. Amp1EP9 has the potential for the research of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections .
Cecropin A (1-7)-Melittin A (2-9) is an antimicrobialpeptide with antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, as well as antimalarial activity, without the adverse hemolytic properties of bee venom peptides .
FLGFVGQALNALLGKL-NH2 is an antimicrobialpeptide of frog origin. FLGFVGQALNALLGKL-NH2 has activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC=32 μM) .
Acetyl-Adhesin (1025-1044) amide is a 20-peptide fragment of Streptococcus pyogenes cell surface adhesin that acts as an antimicrobialpeptide to specifically inhibit the binding of adhesin to salivary receptors and prevent recolonization of Streptococcus pyogenes .
rCRAMP (rat) is the rat cathelin-related antimicrobialpeptide. rCRAMP (rat) contributes to the antibacterial activity in rat brain peptide/protein extracts. rCRAMP (rat) is a potential key player in the innate immune system of rat CNS .
BING is an antimicrobialpeptide that can be isolated from Japanese medaka fish. BING shows a broad-spectrum toxicity against pathogenic bacteria including drug-resistant strains. BING induces a deregulation of periplasmic peptidyl-prolyl isomerases in gram-negative bacteria, and reduces the RNA level of cpxR, which plays a crucial role in the development of antimicrobial resistance .
LMW peptide is an antimicrobialpeptide. LMW peptide is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial, such as B. subtilis, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, V. cholera .
Garvicin KS, GakB is a peptide at sizes of 34 amino acids to form bacteriocin garvicin KS (GarKS), with other 2 peptides, GakA, and GakC. Garvicin KS, GakB inhibits fibroblast viability and proliferation. Garvicin KS, GakB with GakA, is a potent combination with good peptide stability, antimicrobial efficacy, and fibroblast viability/proliferation effects. Garvicin KS peptides inhibit MSSA with MIC values in the order GakB >GakC >GakA .
Brevicidine is a non-ribosomally synthesized antimicrobialpeptide with potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative pathogens. Brevicidine disrupts the morphology of bacteria by binding to polysaccharides (LPS) on bacterial cell membranes to form holes .
(KFF)3K is a cell penetrating peptide that can promote the absorption of other antibiotics by disrupting the outer membrane of bacteria. (KFF)3K can be introduced into a hydrocarbon scaffold to induce its antibacterial properties, making it an effective antimicrobialpeptide. (KFF)3K can be used in the development of new antimicrobial agents .
Hp1404 is a novel cationic antimicrobialpeptide. Hp1404 has specific inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) resistant to Laburnetin (HY-N7382). Hp1404 has antimicrobial activity, low toxicity, and is not prone to drug resistance, and can be used in the research of antimicrobial agents .
Polyalanine peptide (pALA) is an antimicrobialpeptide that targets biofilms and Gram-negative bacteria and is non-toxic to mammalian cells. Polyalanine peptide forms an α-helical conformation that effectively permeabilizes Gram-negative bacterial membranes, thereby inducing lethal cell leakage. Polyalanine peptide can be used in anti-infection research .
Crotalicidin is an antimicrobialpeptide and anti-tumor peptide that can effectively inhibit the activity of Gram-negative bacteria and tumor cells. Crotalicidin can be obtained from rattlesnake venom. Crotalicidin can be used in the study of microbial infections and cancer .
LL-37, human is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobialpeptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. LL-37, human could help protect the cornea from infection and modulates wound healing .
CAP18 (rabbit) is a 37 amino acids antimicrobialpeptide originally isolated from rabbit granulocytes. CAP18 (rabbit) has broad antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (IC50, 130-200 nM) and Gram-negative (IC50, 20-100 nM) bacteria. CAP18 (rabbit) has the potential for bacterial sepsis research .
Polistes mastoparan is an antimicrobialpeptide. Polistes mastoparan increases S. aureus cell K + efflux and inhibits cell viability with EC50 of 5 μM .
Omiganan is a cationic antimicrobialpeptide. Omiganan as an analogue of indolicidin shows activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but also Candida spp. isolates. Omiganan can be used for the research of alcohol nose and acne .
Hispidalin is a novel antimicrobialpeptide with broad and efficient antibacterial activity against various bacterial and fungal pathogens, and can be used as an antibacterial agent and food preservative .
Magainin 1 TFA (Magainin I TFA) is an antimicrobial and amphipathic peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Magainin 1 TFA exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria .
β-defesin 1 (pig) (pBD-1) is an endogenous and constitutively expressed antimicrobialpeptide (AMP) from porcine tissues, particularly expresses in pig mucosal epithelial sites. β-defesin 1 (pig) has antimicrobial activities and contributes to mucosal and systemic host defenses in pigs .
Human β-defensin-1 (HβD-1) is a cysteine-rich cationic skin-antimicrobialpeptide (SAP) produced by all epithelial surfaces, but also by circulatory cells and cells of the reproductive tract. Human β-defensin-1 has antimicrobial activities against a broad-sperm bacteria .
Temporin SHF is a broad-spectrum antimicrobialpeptide that is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts, but does not have hemolytic activity. Temporin SHF disrupts the acyl chain stacking of anionic lipid bilayers, leading to cracks and disintegration of microbial membranes. Temporin SHF can be used in the development of antimicrobial drugs .
LL-37, human acetate is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobialpeptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. LL-37, human acetate could help protect the cornea from infection and modulates wound healing .
Temporin A is a short alpha-helical antimicrobialpeptide isolated from the skin of the frog Rana temporaria. Temporin A is effective against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria. Temporin A interacts directly with the cell membrane of the microorganism and it is non-toxic to erythrocytes at concentrations that are antimicrobial. Temporin A also has antifungal activities (against yeast-like Candida albicans) .
Brevinin-1PMa is a host-defense peptide that exhibits antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Echerichia coli. Brevinin-1PMa also shows hemolytic activity .
HR1 is a mastoid protease. HR1 can increase the permeability of human erythrocyte membrane. HR1 can induce cytoplasmic membrane permeation in bacteria and mast cells .
Cecropin D is an antimicrobialpeptide with a MIC of 4.55 μg/mL. Cecropin D is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Cecropin D has antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, and immunomodulatory .
Adenoregulin (Dermaseptin b2) is an antimicrobialpeptideantibiotic. Adenoregulin is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, yeast and fungi. Adenoregulin also enhances the binding of agonists to the A1 adenosine receptor .
Api137 is an antimicrobialpeptide that interferes with bacterial growth by inhibiting translation. Api137 inhibits protein synthesis by trapping of release factors on the 70S ribosome following hydrolysis of the nascent polypeptide chain .
ASP-1 is a strong antistaphylococcal peptide with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the purified peptide against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ranged from 2 μg/mL to 64 μg/mL .
Palicourein is a 37 amino acid cyclic polypeptide. Palicourein inhibits the in vitro cytopathic effects of HIV-1RF infection of CEM-SS cells with an EC50 value of 0.1 μM and an IC50 value of 1.5 μM .
OP-145, an cathelicidin LL-37 derivative, is an antimicrobialpeptide, and shows antibacterial activity against several MRSA strains. OP-145 can be used for research of chronic suppurative otitis media .
Ubiquicidin(29-41) is an antimicrobialpeptide highly homologous to S30. Ubiquicidin(29-41) targets bacterial and fungal. Ubiquicidin(29-41) can be used as a membrane-specific infection localizer .
Melimine is a hybrid antimicrobialpeptide of Melittin (HY-P0233) and Protamine. Melimine is active against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Melimine has broad spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi and protozoa .
XMP-629 (XOMA-629), a cationic α-helical peptide, is a potent endotoxin inhibitor. XMP-629 exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity via an immunomodulatory mechanism. XOMA 629 has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenesand .
AcrAP1 (AP1-Z1) is an antimicrobialpeptide found in the venom of the Arabian scorpion (Androctonus crassicauda). AcrAP1 has antimicrobial activity and can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeast. AcrAP1 exerts antitumor activity by promoting apoptosis of cancer cells and inhibiting angiogenesis. AcrAP1 can be used in cancer therapy research .
cPcAMP1/26 is an antimicrobialpeptide. cPcAMP1/26 effectively kills A.hydrophila and S. aureus. cPcAMP1/26 induces depolarization of the bacterial plasma membrane, and increases intracellular ROS levels .
CRAMP (1-39) is an antimicrobialpeptide. CRAMP (1-39) has shown potent bactericidal effects against multiple strains of Neisseria meningitidis in vitro. CRAMP (1-39) can be used to study drug-resistant bacterial infections .
LS-BF1 is a stable and low toxic cationic antimicrobialpeptide. LS-BF1 displays broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, including the challenging ESKAPE pathogens, by cell membrane disruptive mechanism. LS-BF1 shows good in vivo efficacy for elimination of bacteria in a mouse infection model[1].
Hb 98-114, the amino acids 98-114 of the alpha subunit of bovine hemoglobin, is an antimicrobialpeptide. Hb 98-114 is active against several yeast and filamentous fungi (MIC: 2.1 μM-12.5 μM) .
Pap12-6 is a 12-mer peptide derived from the antimicrobialpeptide Papiliocin of yellow butterfly larva. Pap12-6 kills bacteria by penetrating and disrupting their membranes, exhibiting strong antibacterial activity. Pap12-6 exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through the TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway .
LAH4, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outer membrane of bacterial membranes .
NP213 TFA is a rapidly acting, novel, first-in-class synthetic antimicrobialpeptide (AMP), has anti-fungal activities. NP213 TFA targets the fungal cytoplasmic membrane and plays it role via membrane perturbation and disruption. NP213 TFA is effective and well-tolerated in resolving nail fungal infections .
Bactenecin TFA (Bactenecin, bovine TFA) is a potent 12-aa looped antimicrobialpeptide isolated from bovine neutrophils. Bactenecin TFA inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeast, and kills the fungus Trichophyton rubrum. Bactenecin TFA increass membrane permeability, inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of B. pseudomallei .
Lynronne-2 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Lynronne-1 is active against Gram-positive bacterials, including
MDR strains (MIC: 32-256 μg/mL for methicillin-resistant MRSA strains). Lynronne-2 is also effective against P. aeruginosa infection
Lynronne-3 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Lynronne-1 is active against Gram-positive bacterials, including
MDR strains (MIC: 32-128 μg/mL for methicillin-resistant MRSA strains). Lynronne-3 is also effective against P. aeruginosa infection
GVLSNVIGYLKKLGTGALNAVLKQ is an antimicrobialpeptide with 24-amino acid. GVLSNVIGYLKKLGTGALNAVLKQ can potentially form α-helix. GVLSNVIGYLKKLGTGALNAVLKQ (PGQ) has activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans .
Gramicidin S (Gramicidin soviet) is a cationic cyclic peptide antibiotic. Gramicidin S is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by perturbing integrity of the bacterial membranes. Gramicidin S also inhibits cytochrome bd quinol oxidase .
EcAMP3 is a hairpin-like peptide. EcAMP3 has antifungal and antibacterial activity. EcAMPs precursor family contains seven identical cysteine motifs: C1XXXC2(11–13)C3XXXC4 .
LAH4 TFA, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 TFA possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 TFA has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outer membrane of bacterial membranes .
Sublancin is an antimicrobialpeptide, which inhibits DNA replication, transcription and translation, without affecting membrane integrity. Sublancin suppresses glucose uptake for the competition of phosphotransferase system (PTS). Sublancin inhibits B. subtilis strain 168 ΔSPβ with MIC of 0.312 μM .
Lactoferrin 17-41 (Lactoferricin B), a peptide corresponding to residues 17-41 of bovine lactoferrin, has antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. Lactoferrin 17-41 has antitumor activities .
TLN-58 is an antimicrobialpeptide. TLN-58 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and group A Streptococcus. TLN-58 also induces inflammatory cytokine mRNAs upregulation in normal human keratinocytes and NCL-SG3 cells .
TP4 (Nile tilapia piscidin) is an orally active piscidin-like antimicrobialpeptide. TP4 inhibits multiple gram positive and negative strains (MIC: 0.03-10 μg/mL). TP4 shows hemolytic activities. TP4 enhances immune response, antioxidant activity, and intestinal health against bacterial infections. TP4 also has anti-tumor effect, and induces necrosis by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells .
Aurein 2.2 is a major component of the skin secretion of L.aurea. Aurein 2.2 is an antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis .
Human α-defensin 5 is an antiviral peptide. Human α-defensin 5 blocks infection of non-enveloped viruses, including AdV, HPV, and polyomaviruses (IC50: 0.6-1.25 μM for HPV16). Human α-defensin 5 can bind to the viral capsid and blocks escape of the virus from the endosome. Human α-defensin 5 increases HIV binding to the cell surface. Human α-defensin 5 also has parasiticidal activity .
Nv-CATH is an antibacterialpeptide of frog origin. Nv-CATH has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nv-CATH significantly protects mice from fatal infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Nv-CATH protects mice from bacterial infection through antimicrobial immunoregulatory duality .
Balteatide is an antimicrobialpeptide, which can be found in skin secretion of Phyllomedusa baltea. Balteatide inhibits the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=435 μM), the gram-negative Escherichia coli (MIC=109 μM), and Candida albicans (MIC=27 μM). Balteatide lacks hemolytic activity (at 512 mg/L) and myotropic activity .
Golotimod (SCV-07), an immunomodulating peptide with antimicrobial activity, significantly increases the efficacy of antituberculosis therapy, stimulates thymic and splenic cell proliferation, and improves macrophage function. Golotimod (SCV-07) inhibits STAT3 signaling and modulates the duration and severity of oral mucositis in animal models that received radiation or a combination of radiation and Cisplatin. Golotimod (SCV-07) is also a potential therapeutic for recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) .
Lynronne-1 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Lynronne-1 is active against Gram-positive bacterials, including MDR strains (MIC: 8-32 μg/mL for methicillin-resistant MRSA strains). Lynronne-1 reduces the bacterial load in MRSA infected wound murine model. Lynronne-1 is also effective against P. aeruginosa infection .
S-Thanatin is an insect antimicrobialpeptide with potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. S-Thanatin can inhibit the activity of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi, without cytotoxicity. The antibacterial activity of S-Thanatin is not affected by PH value, but monovalent cations (Na +/K +) can reduce its antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria in a dose-dependent manner .
Pantinin-3 is an antimicrobialpeptide with antitumor activity found in the venom of the emperor scorpion (Pandinus imperator). Pantinin-3 shows selective toxicity against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and prostate cancer cells (DU-145). Pantinin-3 can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Pantinin-3 can be used in cancer research .
HLF1-11, a human lactoferrin-derived peptide, is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. HLF1-11 inhibits human MPO activity. HLF1-11 also directs GM-CSF-driven monocyte differentiation toward macrophages, and enhances immune responses .
AcrAP2 is an antimicrobialpeptide present in the venom of the Arabian scorpion (Androctonus crassicauda). AcrAP2 is inhibitory against Gram-positive bacteria and yeast but is essentially inactive against Gram-negative bacteria. A cation-enhanced AcrAP2 analog (AcrAP2a) exhibits significant antiproliferative effects at low concentrations against certain human cancer cell lines. AcrAP2 can be used in antibacterial and anti-tumor research .
Lasioglossin-III is an antimicrobialpeptide that can be isolated from the venom of wild bees. Lasioglossin-III has high antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, antifungal activity and antitumor activity. Lasioglossin-III has certain cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines (HeLa S3, CRC SW 480 and CCRF-CEM T) with IC50 values of 4, 18 and 5 μM, respectively .
Murepavadin (POL7080) (TFA), a 14-amino-acid cyclic peptide, is a highly potent, specific antibiotic. Murepavadin exhibits a potent antimicrobial activity for P. aeruginosa with MIC50 and MIC90 values both of 0.12 mg/L. Murepavadin also can target the lipopolysaccharide transport portin D. Murepavadin can be used for the research of bacterial resistance .
Murepavadin (POL7080), a 14-amino-acid cyclic peptide, is a highly potent, specific antibiotic. Murepavadin exhibits a potent antimicrobial activity for P. aeruginosa with both MIC50 and MIC90 values of 0.12 mg/L. Murepavadin also can target the lipopolysaccharide transport portin D. Murepavadin can be used for the research of bacterial resistance .
Histatin-3 TFA, a 32 amino acid peptide, possesses powerful antimicrobial properties. Histatin-3 TFA behaves as a substrate for proprotein convertase 1 (PC1), being cleaved by this endoprotease primarily at a site carboxy terminal to the single Arg25 residue (HRGYR decrease SN). Histatin-3 TFA is a moderately potent, reversible and competitive inhibitor of the furin-mediated cleavage of the pentapeptide pGlu-Arg-Thr-Lys-Arg-MCA fluorogenic substrate, with an estimated inhibition constant Ki of 1.98 μM .
Thanatin is an inducible cationic antimicrobialpeptide. Thanatin is a pathogen-inducible single-disulfide-bond-containing β-hairpin AMP. Thanatin displays broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as against various species of fungi with MICs of 0.3-40 µM, 0.6-40 µM and 0.6-20 µM, respectively. Thanatin has the property of competitive replacement of divalent cations from bacterial outer membrane (OM), leading to OM disruption .
Sphistin Synthetic Peptide (12-38, Fitc in N-Terminal-Fluorescently Labeled Peptide) is a truncated fragments of Sphistin Synthetic Peptide that shows potent antimicrobial activity.
SMAP-18 is a biological active peptide. (SMAP-18 is a 18-amino acid residue peptide amide which is a truncated form of SMAP-29. Sheep myeloid antimicrobialpeptide-29 (SMAP-29) displays extremely high antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas strains, other Gram-negative bacteria, and multidrug-resistant pathogens. SMAP-18 displays much higher cell selectivity as compared to parental SMAP-29 because of its decreased hemolytic activity and retained antimicrobial activity.)
Retro-indolicidin is a biological active peptide. (Reverse peptide of indolicidin (Rev4) is a 13-amino acid residue peptide based on the sequence of indolicidin. Indolicidin, a member of the cathelicidin protein family, is a 13-amino acid residue cationic, antimicrobialpeptide-amide isolated from the cytoplasmic granules of bovine neutrophils. The synthetic peptide Rev4 has been shown to possess strong antimicrobial as well as protease inhibitory activities in vitro.)
BMAP-18 is a biological active peptide. (BMAP-18 is a truncated form of the antimicrobialpeptide BMAP-27. Bovine myeloid antimicrobialpeptide-27 (BMAP-27) belongs to the Cathelicidin family of peptides which displays rapid bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, and Escherichia coli. BMAP-27 is cytotoxic to human erythrocytes and neutrophils, although at higher than microbicidal concentrations. BMAP-18 displays much higher cell selectivity as compared to parental BMAP-27 because of its decreased hemolytic activity and retained antimicrobial activity.)
Lactoferricin H, Lactotransferrin (37-61), human is a biological active peptide. (This is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from human lactotransferrin amino acid residues 37-61.)
LL-37 scrambled peptide acetate is a scrambled version of cathelicidin anti-microbialpeptide LL-37. LL-37 scrambled peptide acetate can be used as a negative control of LL-37 peptide studies.
LL-37 scrambled peptide is a scrambled version of cathelicidin anti-microbialpeptide LL-37. LL-37 scrambled peptide can be used as a negative control of LL-37 peptide studies.
Defensin NP-3A (NP-3A; Corticostatin 1) is a human granulocyte peptide, with anti-ACTH activity. Defensins are antimicrobialpeptides with and cytotoxic activity .
Dermaseptin, a peptide isolated from frog skin, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa at micromolar concentration .
Bac2A TFA is an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide. Bac2A TFA is a linear variant of bactenecin and is very effective against fungal pathogens.
Buforin II, derived from buforin I, a protein isolated from the stomach of the Asian toad Bufo bufo gargarizans, is a potent antimicrobialpeptide. Buforin II has antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria .
HAP-1 is a synovial-targeted transduction peptide. HAP-1 facilitates specific internalization of protein complexes into human and rabbit synovial cells. HAP-1 fused to an antimicrobialpeptide, (KLAK)2, to generate a proapoptotic peptide DP2 .
IDR-1002 is an anti-infective peptide that enhances the ability of human monocytes to migrate toward chemokines on fibronectin. IDR-1002 also induces adhesion and activation of β1-integrin, a mechanism that promotes monocyte recruitment .
LL-37(17-32) is a biological active peptide. (This peptide is an active segment of LL-37, a peptide derived from the C-terminal domain of human cathelicidin antimicrobialpeptide. It has been reported that the LL17-32 peptide exhibits reversal effect on ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer cell lines.)
Temporin L is a potent antimicrobialpeptide and is active against Gram-negative bacteria and yeast strains. Temporin L also has antiendotoxin properties .
OV-1, sheep is an alpha-helical antimicrobial ovispirin peptide derived from SMAP29 peptide (sheep), which inhibits several antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains including mucoid and nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
Dermaseptin TFA, a peptide isolated from frog skin, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa at micromolar concentration .
C16G2 is a specific targeted antimicrobialpeptide (STAMP) that targets the cariogenic oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans. C16G2 specifically recognizes and disrupts the bacterial cell membrane, causing small molecule leakage and loss of membrane potential, leading to bacterial killing. Unlike broad-spectrum antimicrobialpeptides, C16G2 exhibits higher selectivity and efficacy against Streptococcus mutans .
LL-37, human TFA is a 37-residue, amphipathic, cathelicidin-derived antimicrobialpeptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. LL-37, human TFA could help protect the cornea from infection and modulates wound healing .
Pardaxin P 4 is an antimicrobialpeptide found in the secretions of Red Sea Moses sole. Pardaxin P 4 acts as a biomembrane perforator that can interact with phospholipid bilayers of different compositions and induce cytotoxicity and pore formation. Pardaxin P 4 can be used in the research of antimicrobial drugs .
Lactoferricin B (4-14), bovine (TFA), a peptide corresponding to residues 4-14 of bovine lactoferrin, has antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms .
Urechistachykinin II (Uru-TK II), an invertebrate tachykinin-related peptides (TRPs) isolated from echiuroid worms, shows antimicrobial activities without a hemolytic effect .
Urechistachykinin I (Uru-TK I), an invertebrate tachykinin-related peptides (TRPs) isolated from echiuroid worms, shows antimicrobial activities without a hemolytic effect .
Drosocin is a biological active peptide. (Drosocin is a 19-mer cationic antimicrobialpeptide from Drosophila melanogaster. In Drosophila native drosocin carries a disaccharide moiety attached to a threonine residue in mid-chain position. This synthetic drosocin peptide of identical amino acid sequence without the disaccharide has an activity several times lower than the native compound.)
β-defesin 1 (pig) (pBD-1) TFA is an endogenous and constitutively expressed antimicrobialpeptide (AMP) from porcine tissues, particularly expresses in pig mucosal epithelial sites. β-defesin 1 (pig) TFA has antimicrobial activities and contributes to mucosal and systemic host defenses in pigs .
CysHHC10 is a synthetic antimicrobialpeptide (AMP), and exhibits strong anti-microbial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC values of CysHHC10 against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. epidermidis are 10.1 mM, 20.2 mM, 2.5 mM and 1.3 mM, respectively .
CAP 37 (20-44) is a peptide based on amino acid residues 20 through 44 of CAP37. CAP37, a Cationic antimicrobial protein of 37 kDa, is a multifunctional protein .
CysHHC10 TFA is a synthetic antimicrobialpeptide (AMP), and exhibits strong anti-microbial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC values of CysHHC10 TFA against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. epidermidis are 10.1 mM, 20.2 mM, 2.5 mM and 1.3 mM, respectively .
Beta-defensin 103 isoform X1, pig is an antimicrobialpeptide found in different living organisms, involved in the first line of defense in their innate immune response against pathogens .
Garvicin KS, GakA is a peptide at sizes of 34 amino acids to form bacteriocin garvicin KS (GarKS), with other 2 peptides, GakB, and GakC. Garvicin KS, GakA inhibits fibroblast viability and proliferation. Garvicin KS, GakA with GakB, is a potent combination with good peptide stability, antimicrobial efficacy, and fibroblast viability/proliferation effects. Garvicin KS peptides inhibit MSSA with MIC values in the order GakB >GakC >GakA .
Beta-defensin 103 isoform X1, pig TFA is an antimicrobialpeptide found in different living organisms, involved in the first line of defense in their innate immune response against pathogens .
BMAP-27 is an antimicrobialpeptide capable of disrupting the membrane integrity of microorganisms. Due to its membrane permeability, MAP-27 has inhibitory activity against both bacteria and cancer cells .
Maculatin 1.1 TFA is an antimicrobialpeptide with an MIC against Staphylococcus aureus of 7 μM. Maculatin 1.1 TFA can perforate the bacterial membrane of Staphylococcus aureus, causing bacterial death .
Pexiganan (MSI 78 free base) is a synthetic analog of magainin 2. Pexiganan is a potent and orally active broad-spectrum antimicrobialpeptide. Pexiganan can be used in the research of infections, such as diabetic foot ulcer infections .
AMPR-22 is an antimicrobialpeptide. AMPR-22 can bind to the bacterial membrane and induces membrane permeabilization. AMPR-22 is effective against murine model of sepsis induced by MDR strains
Pardaxin P5 TFA is the TFA salt form of Pardaxin P5 (HY-P5803). Pardaxin P5 TFA is an antimicrobialpeptide that inhibits Escherichia coli with a MIC value of 13 μM .
DOTA-ubiquicidin (29-41), an antimicrobialpeptide fragment derivative, can be used for synthesis of [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Ubiquicidin29-41 and then used for imaging of infectious processes using PET/CT .
P-113 is an antimicrobialpeptide (AMP) derived from the human salivary protein histatin 5. P-113 is active against clinically important microorganisms such as Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., and C. albicans .
JB-95 acetate, a β-hairpin macrocyclic peptide, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. JB-95 acetate can selectively disrupt the outer membrane but not the inner membrane of E. coli .
JB-95, a β-hairpin macrocyclic peptide, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. JB-95 can selectively disrupt the outer membrane but not the inner membrane of E. coli .
LL-37, acetylated, amidated is a cathelicidin peptide LL-37 acetylated on the N-terminus and amidated on the C-terminus. The single human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 has antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against multiple Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogens, and has wound-healing effects on the host .
Tet-20 is a biological active peptide. (Tet-20, is a synthetic cathelicidin-derived peptide. It was tested as infection-resistant coating for medical devices. When tethered on an implant surface Tet-20 exhibited broad antimicrobial activities both in vivo and in vitro. It can stop biofilm formation and appears to be non-toxic to eukaryotic cells)
Citrullinated LL-37 3cit is a host defense peptide (HDP) with broad immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities. Citrullinated LL-37 3cit exhibits direct antiviral effects against human rhinoviruses (HRV) .
Api137 TFA is an antimicrobialpeptide that interferes with bacterial growth by inhibiting translation. Api137 TFA inhibits protein synthesis by trapping of release factors on the 70S ribosome following hydrolysis of the nascent polypeptide chain .
Macropin (MAC-1 peptide) is an antimicrobialpeptide found in the venom of the solitary bee Macropis fulvipes. Macropin has antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and also exhibits inhibitory activity against fungi and moderate hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. Macropin can be used in research on anti-infective therapy .
Defensin HNP-1 human is a Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs), involved in endothelial cell dysfunction at the time of early atherosclerotic development. Defensin HNP-1 human exhibits broad antimicrobial and anti-leishmanial activities .
Human β-defensin-2 (HβD-2) is a small cysteine-rich cationic skin-antimicrobialpeptide (SAP) produced by a number of epithelial cells.Human β-defensin-2 has antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria and Candida, but not gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus . Human β-defensin-2 can be used for the study of colitis .
Defensin HNP-1 human TFA is a Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs), involved in endothelial cell dysfunction at the time of early atherosclerotic development. Defensin HNP-1 human TFA exhibits broad antimicrobial and anti-leishmanial activities .
P-113D is an antimicrobialpeptide that targets Pseudomonas aeruginosa, showing good antibacterial activity and can be used in cystic fibrosis research, the MIC for P-113D against ATCC 27853 is 3.1 μg/mL .
Iseganan is an anti-microbialpeptide that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Iseganan kills a broad-spectrum of bacteria and fungi by attaching to and destroying the integrity of the lipid cell membranes. Iseganan can be used for oral mucositis research .
Lactoferrin 17-41 (Lactoferricin B) acetate, a peptide corresponding to residues 17-41 of bovine lactoferrin, has antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. Lactoferrin 17-41 acetate has antitumor activities .
Bac8c is an antimicrobialpeptide with strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The MIC of Bac8c against S. aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa are 2, 8, 4, 4, and 4 μg/mL, respectively .
CRAMP (140-173) (mouse) TFA is a ortholog of human LL-37antimicrobialpeptide. CRAMP (140-173) (mouse) TFA inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced responses, and can not colocalized with TLR3 in BEAS-2B cells .
Epinecidin-1 (Piscidin-1 (22-42)) is a highly potent, multi-functional AntimicrobialPeptide (AMP) produced by Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Epinecidin-1 has many functional usages including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and wound healing properties .
Cys-Pexiganan TFA is an amphiphilic antimicrobialpeptide. Cys-Pexiganan TFA exhibits antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with MIC of 16 μg/mL and 64.0 μg/mL. Cys-Pexiganan TFA interacts with anionic phospholipids and DNA of microbial cell membranes, disintegrates the cells and leads to cell death .
Epinecidin-1 (Piscidin-1 (22-42)) TFA is a highly potent, multi-functional AntimicrobialPeptide (AMP) produced by Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Epinecidin-1 TFA has many functional usages including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and wound healing properties .
Pexiganan acetate (MSI 78) is the acetate salt form of Pexiganan (HY-105088). Pexiganan acetate is an orally active broad-spectrum antimicrobialpeptide, which inhibits 99% gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria through disruption of cell membrane/cells permeability. Pexiganan acetate can be used in the research of infections, such as diabetic foot ulcer infections .
IDR-1 is an antimicrobialpeptide that is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. IDR-1 counters infection by selective modulation of innate immunity without obvious toxicities. IDR-1 has anti-inflammatory and anti-infective properties, enhances the levels of monocyte chemokines, and attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine release .
CHRG01 is a biological active peptide. (CHRG01 is derived from human b-defensin 3 (hBD3) C-terminal amino acids 54 to 67, with all Cys residues substituted with Ser. This substitution removes all disulfide bond linkages within the sequence. CHRG01, like hBD3, displays electrostatic-dependent antimicrobial properties.)
BMAP 28, bovine is an antibacterial peptide. BMAP 28, bovine exhibits antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, by increasing cell membrane permeability, and causing leakage of cell contents. BMAP 28, bovine exhibits cytotoxicity to cancer cells and activated human lymphocytes. BMAP 28, bovine induces apoptosis through depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential .
Omiganan pentahydrochloride is a cationic peptide compound with a broad antibacterial profile. Omiganan pentahydrochloride is capable of inhibiting a variety of bacteria, including yeast, and is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Omiganan pentahydrochloride is able to interact with the bacterial cell membrane, causing the destruction of the cell membrane and the death of the bacteria. Omiganan pentahydrochloride can be used for the study of antimicrobial activity against pathogens commonly associated with catheter-associated infections, including strains with drug-resistant phenotypes .
BTM-P1 is a polycationic peptide that exhibits antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. BTM-P1 can form ion-permeable channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane to interfere with mitochondrial energy processes .
Enterocin K1 (EntK1) is a bacteriocin. Enterocin K1 is a ribosomal synthetic peptide. Enterocin K1 specifically targets Enterococcus faecalis via the Eep protein on the bacterial membrane. Enterocin K1 displays a potent antibacterial activity against VRE. Enterocin K1 can be used for related studies of VRE infections .
SAAP 148 is an antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent, and exhibits inhibitory efficacy against antibiotic-resistant pathogens, with LC50 of 0.8-12.8 μM .
Kalata B7 is a cyclotide that can be isolated from Oldenlandia affinis DC (Rubiaceae) and possesses membrane-permeating capabilities. Kalata B7 is also a partial agonist of oxytocin and vasopressin V1a receptors .
Pediocin PA-1 is a broad-spectrum lactic acid bacterial bacteriocin that inhibits the activity of foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and Gram-positive bacteria. Pediocin PA-1 can be used as a food biopreservative .
Anantin binds competitively to the receptor of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) from bovine adrenal cortex (Kd = 0.6 μM) and acts as natriuretic peptide receptor A antagonist .
F9170 is an amphipathic peptide with an activity of inactivate HIV-1 virions. F9170 targets the conserved cytoplasmic tail of HIV-1 env and disrupts the integrity of the viral membrane. F9170 is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) .
Temporin-GHd exhibits antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (MIC=13.1 μM; MBC=26 μM). Temporin-GHd increases the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane, causing membrane damage and leakage of cellular contents. Temporin-GHd disrupts preformed biofilms at high concentrations. Temporin-GHd can bind to bacterial DNA, inhibiting DNA migration .
Daptomycin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Daptomycin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with rapid in vitro bactericidal activity against gram-positive organisms.
RW3 is a small cationic hexapeptide with amphiphilic properties. RW3 targets the plasma membrane of bacteria and works by inhibiting cell respiration and cell wall synthesis. RW3 shows high biological activity against gram-positive bacteria and does not show significant cytotoxic or hemolytic effects in previous studies. RW3 quickly kills 97% of the initial colony forming units (CFU) within 10 minutes at twice the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). RW3 can be used in antimicrobial and antifungal studies .
Polymyxin B Sulfate is a potent antibacterial agent and a relatively toxic antibiotic. Polymyxin B Sulfate also is a antiendotoxin agent. Polymyxin B Sulfate shows endotoxin-neutralizing properties can be used as adjunctive research in gram-negative sepsis. Polymyxin B Sulfate shows antibacterial activities in vitro and in vivo .
Neurotensin, a gut tridecapeptide, acts as a potent cellular mitogen for various colorectal and pancreatic cancers which possess high-affinity neurotensin receptors (NTR).
Substance P (Neurokinin P) is a neuropeptide, acting as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator in the CNS. The endogenous receptor for substance P is neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1-receptor, NK1R).
PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat is a neuropeptide with 38 amino acid residues. PACAP (1-38) binds to PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2 with IC50s of 4 nM, 2 nM, and 1 nM, respectively.
Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by a group of Gram-positive bacteria that belongs to Lactococcus and Streptococcus species. Nisin has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity .
Alamethicin, isolated from Trichoderma viride, is a channel-forming peptide antibiotic and induces voltage-gated conductance in model and cell membranes .
Gramicidin A is a peptide component of gramicidin, an antibiotic mixture originally isolated from B. brevis. Gramicidin A is a highly hydrophobic channel-forming ionophore that forms channels in model membranes that are permeable to monovalent cations. Gramicidin A induces degradation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α) .
Catestatin is a 21-amino acid residue, cationic and hydrophobic peptide. Catestatin is an endogenous peptide that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure . Catestatin is a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to inhibit catecholamine release .
SMAP-29, a promising antiinfective agent, is a broad spectrum antibacterial and antifungal α-helical cathelicidin-derived peptide. SMAP-29 acts by permeabilizing bacterial membranes and inducing remarkable changes in the surface morphology of susceptible microorganism .
Defensin HNP 4 (HNP 4) is a single 11 amino acid long fragment of HNP-41-11. Defensin HNP 4 has inhibitory effect against multidrug-resistant and non-resistant strains .
Retrocyclin-1 is a kind of Theta-defensin. Retrocyclin-1 recognizes and binds to carbohydrate-containing surface molecules, to protect cells from HIV-1 infection. Retrocyclin-1 exhibits high affinity to fetuin, gp120 (Kd=35.4 nM), CD4 (Kd=31 nM), and galactosylceramide (Kd=24.1 nM) .
Bactenecin 5 is a bovine antibacterial peptide. Bactenecin 5 is active against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. T, with MIC values of 12-25 μg/mL .
Lugdunin is an antibiotic peptide. Lugdunin inhibits bacteria by dissipating their membrane potential. Lugdunin is active against Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, and reduces S. aureus skin and nasal colonization. Lugdunin induces LL-37 and CXCL8/MIP-2 in human keratinocytes and mouse skin .
Urumin has antiviral activity against the human influenza A virus. Urumin inhibits the growth of PR8 influenza virus (IC50: 3.8 μM). Urumin targets the conserved stalk of H1 hemagglutini, and is effective at neutralizing drug-resistant H1 influenza viruses. Urumin protects naive mice from lethal influenza infection .
Baceridin is a proteasome inhibitor and a cyclic hexapeptide. Baceridin can be isolated from the culture medium of Epiphytic Bacillus. Baceridin can inhibit cell cycle progression and induce tumor cell apoptosis through a p53-independent pathway. Baceridin can be used in cancer research .
CRAMP-18 (mouse) is an antibiotic peptide without hemolytic activity. CRAMP-18 (mouse) has good inhibitory activity against Gram-negative bacteria, such as S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa. CRAMP-18 (mouse) has the potential to study antifungal, antibacterial and antitumor .
Alloferon 1 is an antiviral and antitumoral peptide. Alloferon 1 stimulates natural cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Alloferon 1 also induces IFN synthesis, and enhances antiviral and antitumor resistance in mice. Alloferon 1 also shows anti-inflammatory activity in λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Alloferon 1 can be isolated from the blood of the blow fly Calliphora vicina (Diptera) .
Human α-Defensin 6, a 32-residue cysteine-rich peptide, can inhibit bacterial invasion and contribute to the mucosal immunity. Human α-Defensin 6 forms ordered self-assembly fibrils and nanonets that surround and entangle bacteria after stochastic binding to bacterial surface proteins. Human α-Defensin 6 also inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation .
Alarin (human) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide belonging to the galanin family of peptides. Alarin (human) has the signal sequence of the GALP precursor peptide and the first 5 aa of the mature GALP .
IDR-1018 is an innate defense regulator conjugate, with MICs of 16 μg/mL for MRSA USA300 LAC, MRSA SAP 0017 and S. epidermidis ATCC14990. IDR-1018 can be used to synthesis V-IDR1018 (vancomycin-innate defense regulator conjugate) .
Tiger17 is an effective wound healing agent. Tiger17 is able to induce the secretion of TGF-β1 and acts through the Smad signaling pathway, specifically promoting wound healing by increasing the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 .
AIP-II is a macrocyclic peptide signaling molecule used for quorum sensing, which can be produced be Staphylococcus aureus. AIP-II binds to AgrC-II receptor, regulates the virulence gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus. AIP-II is an antagonist for AgrC-I receptor .
Cyclic L27-11 is a cyclic peptide-like antibiotic with strong antibacterial activity against specific bacteria such as Pseudomonas sp. Cyclic L27-11 shows nanomolar antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp., especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cyclic L27-11 interferes with the function of bacterial outer membrane protein LptD, preventing the normal transport of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leading to the accumulation of membrane-like substances in bacterial cells, which in turn affects the survival of bacteria. Cyclic L27-11 can be used in the development of antibacterial agents .
Teixobactin is a potent antibiotic. Teixobactin shows antibacterial activity for gram-negative bacteria. Teixobactin inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to a highly conserved motif of lipid II and lipid III .
Thanatin TFA is an inducible cationic antimicrobialpeptide. Thanatin TFA s a pathogen-inducible single-disulfide-bond-containing β-hairpin AMP. Thanatin TFA displays broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as against various species of fungi with MICs of 0.3-40 µM, 0.6-40 µM and 0.6-20 µM, respectively. Thanatin TFA has the property of competitive replacement of divalent cations from bacterial outer membrane (OM), leading to OM disruption .
Hepcidin-25 (human) is an iron metabolism modulator. Hepcidin-25 (human) shows anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity via modulation of iron-mediated oxidant injury .
Crotamine is a Na + channel modulator. Crotamine is a 42 amino acid toxin cross-linked by three disulfide bridges. Crotamine has analgesic activity. Crotamine also interacts with lipid membranes and shows myonecrotic activity. Crotamine can be isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom .
Bradykinin is an effective endothelium-dependent vasodilator that can lower blood pressure. Bradykinin can induce contraction of bronchial and intestinal non-vascular smooth muscle, increase vascular permeability, and participate in the mechanism of pain .
Melittin is a PLA2 activator, stimulates the activity of the low molecular weight PLA2, while it does not the increase activity of the high molecular weight PLA2 .
β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA (Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42) (human) TFA) is a 42-amino acid peptide which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease .
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) free acid is a neuropeptide. Calcitonin gene-related peptide can be used for the research of nociception, ingestive behaviour and modulation of the endocrine systems .
Maximin 42 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 42 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 37.5 μg/mL). Maximin 42 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
Maximin 77 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 77 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin 77 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
Maximin 41 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 41 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 75 μg/mL). Maximin 41 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
EP2 is an antimicrobialpeptide. EP2 has antibacterial and antifungal activities. EP2 inhibits E. gallinarum, P. pyocyanea, A. baumanii, K. terrigena with a MIC value of 11.4 μg/mL .
Maximin 49 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 49 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin 49 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
GP-2B is an antimicrobialpeptide. GP-2B shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strain (MIC: 8-128 μg/mL for S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) .
Maximin 45 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 41 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis (MIC: 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL). Maximin 45 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Maximin 78 is an antimicrobialpeptide. Maximin 78 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 37.5, 4.7, 37.5 μg/mL). Maximin 78 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Maximin H39 is an antimicrobialpeptide. MaximinH39 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 9.4, 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin H39 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Magainin 1 (Magainin I) is an antimicrobial and amphipathic peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Magainin 1 exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria .
Maximin 31 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 31 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 37.5, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 32 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 32 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 39 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 39 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with MIC values of 18.8, 37.5 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 15 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 15 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 9.4, 18.8, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
Maximin 28 is an antimicrobialpeptide derived from the toad brain. Maximin 28 is active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values of 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL, respectively .
EP3 is an antimicrobialpeptide. EP3 has antibacterial and antifungal activities. EP3 inhibits E. gallinarum, P. pyocyanea, A. baumanii, K. terrigena with a MIC value of 12.85 μg/mL. EP3 also shows antitumor activity against cancer cells, and induces cell apoptosis .
EP5-1 is an antimicrobialpeptide. EP5-1 has antibacterial and antifungal activities. EP5-1 also shows antitumor activity against cancer cells, and induces cell apoptosis. EP5-1 has antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus (PRV) .
Bactenecin (Bactenecin, bovine) is a potent 12-aa looped antimicrobialpeptide isolated from bovine neutrophils. Bactenecin inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeast, and kills the fungus Trichophyton rubrum. Bactenecin increass membrane permeability, inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of B. pseudomallei .
Magainin 2 (Magainin II) is an?antimicrobial?peptide (AMP) isolated from the skin of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis. Magainin 2 displays antibiotic activity against numerous gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Magainin 2 also is active against protozoa . Magainin 2 exerts its cytotoxicity effects by preferential interactions with anionic phospholipids abundant in bacterial membranes .
Magainin 1 TFA (Magainin I TFA) is an antimicrobial and amphipathic peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Magainin 1 TFA exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria .
Adenoregulin (Dermaseptin b2) is an antimicrobialpeptideantibiotic. Adenoregulin is active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, yeast and fungi. Adenoregulin also enhances the binding of agonists to the A1 adenosine receptor .
Bactenecin TFA (Bactenecin, bovine TFA) is a potent 12-aa looped antimicrobialpeptide isolated from bovine neutrophils. Bactenecin TFA inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeast, and kills the fungus Trichophyton rubrum. Bactenecin TFA increass membrane permeability, inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of B. pseudomallei .
Dermaseptin, a peptide isolated from frog skin, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa at micromolar concentration .
Duramycin (Moli1901) is a lantibiotic derived from Streptomyces cinnamoneuma. Duramycin also is a antimicrobialpeptide. Duramycin can be used for the research of cystic fibrosis (CF) .
Pexiganan (MSI 78 free base) is a synthetic analog of magainin 2. Pexiganan is a potent and orally active broad-spectrum antimicrobialpeptide. Pexiganan can be used in the research of infections, such as diabetic foot ulcer infections .
Ambuic acid exhibits antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with IC50 of 43.9 μM for strain ATCC 6538. Ambuic acid is an inhbitor for the biosynthesis of cyclic peptide quorum sensing molecules (quormones) in gram-positive bacteria. Ambuic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through ERK/JNK/MAPK signaling pathway .
Pexiganan acetate (MSI 78) is the acetate salt form of Pexiganan (HY-105088). Pexiganan acetate is an orally active broad-spectrum antimicrobialpeptide, which inhibits 99% gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria through disruption of cell membrane/cells permeability. Pexiganan acetate can be used in the research of infections, such as diabetic foot ulcer infections .
Daptomycin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Daptomycin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with rapid in vitro bactericidal activity against gram-positive organisms.
Polymyxin B Sulfate is a potent antibacterial agent and a relatively toxic antibiotic. Polymyxin B Sulfate also is a antiendotoxin agent. Polymyxin B Sulfate shows endotoxin-neutralizing properties can be used as adjunctive research in gram-negative sepsis. Polymyxin B Sulfate shows antibacterial activities in vitro and in vivo .
Substance P (Neurokinin P) is a neuropeptide, acting as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator in the CNS. The endogenous receptor for substance P is neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1-receptor, NK1R).
Alamethicin, isolated from Trichoderma viride, is a channel-forming peptide antibiotic and induces voltage-gated conductance in model and cell membranes .
Bradykinin is an effective endothelium-dependent vasodilator that can lower blood pressure. Bradykinin can induce contraction of bronchial and intestinal non-vascular smooth muscle, increase vascular permeability, and participate in the mechanism of pain .
The hepcidin/HAMP protein is a liver-produced hormone that is a major circulating regulator of iron absorption and distribution. It promotes endocytosis and degradation of ferroportin/SLC40A1, retaining iron within cells and reducing plasma iron flux. Hepcidin/HAMP Protein, Human (GST) is the recombinant human-derived Hepcidin/HAMP protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-GST labeled tag. The total length of Hepcidin/HAMP Protein, Human (GST) is 25 a.a., with molecular weight of 28-30 kDa.
The hepcidin/HAMP protein is a liver-produced hormone that is a major regulator of iron absorption and distribution. It promotes endocytosis and degradation of SLC40A1, retaining iron within cells and reducing plasma iron flux. Hepcidin/HAMP Protein, Mouse (GST) is the recombinant mouse-derived Hepcidin/HAMP protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-GST labeled tag. The total length of Hepcidin/HAMP Protein, Mouse (GST) is 25 a.a., with molecular weight of 29.4 kDa.
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