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TH-257 is a potent inhibitor of LIMK1 and LIMK2 with IC50 values of 84 nM and 39 nM for LIMK1 and LIMK2, respectively, and it can be used as a chemical probe for LIMK1 and LIMK2. TH-257 is an allosteric inhibitor targeting a binding pocket induced by an αC and DFG-out conformation. TH257 is exquisitely selective and no significant activity against the wider kinome has been observed in the KINOMEscan assay at 1 μM .
TH1834 dihydrochloride is a specific Tip60 (KAT5) histone acetyltransferase inhibitor. TH1834 dihydrochloride induces apoptosis and increases DNA damage in breast cancer. TH1834 dihydrochloride does not affect the activity of related histone acetyltransferase MOF. Anticancer activity .
TH1834 is a specific Tip60 (KAT5) histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor. TH1834 induces apoptosis and increases DNA damage in breast cancer. TH1834 does not affect the activity of related histone acetyltransferase MOF. Anticancer activity .
TH9619 is a potent inhibitor of dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities in both MTHFD1 and MTHFD2 with a IC50 value of 47 nM, and selectively kills cancer cells. TH9619 induces apoptosis by blocking the S phase. TH9619 has antitumor activity .
TH10785 is a DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) activator, TH10785 can interact with the phenylalanine-319 and glycine-42 amino acids of OGG1 and increase the enzyme activity, generates β, δ-lyase enzymatic function. TH10785 can control the catalytic activity mediated by a nitrogen base within its molecular structure. TH10785 can be used for the research of various diseases and aging connected with DNA oxidative lesions .
TH287 is a potent and selective inhibitor of MTH1, with an IC50 of 0.8 nM. TH287 is highly selective towards MTH1, with no relevant inhibition of MTH2, NUDT5, NUDT12, NUDT14, NUDT16, dCTPase, dUTPase and ITPA at 100 μM. TH287 could act as a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer research .
TH1760 is an inhibitor of NUDIX-type 15 (NUDT15) with an IC50 value of 25 nM. TH1760 sensitizes cells to 6-thioguanine by enhancing the accumulation of 6-thio- (d) GTP in nucleic acids. TH1760 enhances the anti-leukemia effect of thiopurine .
TH287 hydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor of MTH1, with an IC50 of 0.8 nM. TH287 hydrochloride is highly selective towards MTH1, with no relevant inhibition of MTH2, NUDT5, NUDT12, NUDT14, NUDT16, dCTPase, dUTPase and ITPA at 100 μM. TH287 hydrochloride could act as a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer research .
TH1020 is a potent and selective toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)/flagellin complex antagonist with an IC50 of 0.85 μM. TH1020 inhbits flagellin-induced TLR5 signaling. TH1020 is inactive against TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR8 .
TH5427 hydrochloride is a potent, selective NUDT5 inhibitor (IC50=29 nM). TH5427 hydrochloride shows an apparent 690-fold selectivity for NUDT5 over MTH1. TH5427 hydrochloride blocks progestin-dependent, PAR-derived nuclear ATP synthesis and subsequent chromatin remodeling, gene regulation and proliferation in breast cancer cells .
TH-Z827 is a mutant selective KRAS(G12D) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.4 μM. TH-Z827 does not bind KRAS(WT) or KRAS(G12C). TH-Z827 blocked the KRAS(G12D)-CRAF interaction with an IC50 value of 42 μM .
TH-Z835 is a mutant selective KRAS (G12D) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.6 μM. TH-Z835 inhibits both mantGMPPNP/GPPNP exchange and GPPNP/mantGMPPNP exchange .
TH1217 (ZINC1775962367) is a potent and selective dCTPase pyrophosphatase 1 (dCTPase) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 47 nM. TH1217 enhances the cytotoxic effect of cytidine analogues in leukemia cells. TH1217 also could modulate SARS-Cov-2 interactors, so it shows activity of against COVID-19 .
TH5487 is a potent 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 342 nM. TH5487 stops OGG1 from recognizing its DNA substrate, inhibits DNA repair and modifies OGG1 chromatin dynamics, which results in the inhibition of proinflammatory pathway genes .
TH1338 (compound 3b), an orally active camptothecin derivative and a potent chemotherapeutic agent for cancer, demonstrates excellent cytotoxic potency against human tumor cell lines in vitro. TH1338 (compound 3b) possesses significant brain penetration, favorable efflux pump properties, and hematological toxicity profile .
TH5427 is a promising, targeted inhibitor that can be used to further study NUDT5 activity and ADP-ribose metabolism. TH5427, blocks progestin-dependent, PAR-derived nuclear ATP synthesis and subsequent chromatin remodeling, gene regulation and proliferation in breast cancer cells. NUDT5 is recently identified as a rheostat of hormone-dependent gene regulation and proliferation in breast cancer cells .
TH6342 is a SAMHD1 modulator that binds to pretetrameric SAMHD1 and prevents its oligomerization and allosteric activation. SAMHD1 is a dNTP triphosphohydrolase and an HIV-1 restriction factor. SAMHD1 can limit the replication of retroviruses and DNA viruses and has antiviral effects. The inhibitory mechanism of TH6342 does not occupy the SAMHD1 nucleotide-binding pocket, gently binds the target, and functions as a chemical probe .
Fenoterol (Th-1165), a sympathomimetic agent, is a selective and orally active β2-adrenoceptor agonist. Fenoterol is an effective bronchodilator and can be used for bronchospasm associated with asthma, bronchitis and other obstructive airway diseases research .
OBI-3424 (TH-3424) is a proagent that is selectively converted by AKR1C3 (aldo-keto reductase 1C3) to a potent DNA-alkylating agent. OBI-3424 can be used for hepatocellular carcinoma, castrate-resistant prostate cancer, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) research .
TH Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for TH gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
Fenoterol hydrobromide (Th-1165a), a sympathomimetic agent, is a selective and orally active β2-adrenoceptor agonist. Fenoterol hydrobromide is an effective bronchodilator and can be used for bronchospasm associated with asthma, bronchitis and other obstructive airway diseases research .
Fenoterol (hydrobromide) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fenoterol (hydrobromide). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fenoterol hydrobromide (Th-1165a), a sympathomimetic agent, is a selective and orally active β2-adrenoceptor agonist. Fenoterol hydrobromide is an effective bronchodilator and can be used for bronchospasm associated with asthma, bronchitis and other obstructive airway diseases research .
Thonningianin A, an ellagitannin, is isolated from the methanolic extract of the African medicinal herb, Thonningia sanguinea. The antioxidant properties of Th A involve radical scavenging, anti-superoxide formation and metal chelation. Anti-cancer activities .
Thyrotropin is a thyroid-stimulating hormone produced by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Thyrotropin regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid. Thyrotropin induces transcriptional regulation of TH-gatekeeper genes in tanycytes through the Tshr/Gαq/PKC pathway. Thyrotropin has an association of low levels with increased bone remodeling, reduced bone mass and a high fracture risk in mice. Thyrotropin is promising for research of skeletal remodeling, hyperthyroidism .
PTB7-Th is a classic organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell donor polymer that can be added as a dielectric to increase the short-circuit current and fill factor of polymer solar cells, improving the photovoltaic efficiency of the device .
Aβ1-14-εK-KKK-MvF5 Th acetate is the acetate salt form of Aβ1-14-εK-KKK-MvF5 Th (HY-P5333). Aβ1-14-εK-KKK-MvF5 Th acetate is part of UB-311 vaccine, that targets the amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein, and ameliorates the Alzheimer’s disease .
N-(p-Tosyl)-GPR-pNA acetate (Chromozym-TH) is a chromogenic substrate targeting the synthetic peptides Hirunorm IV and Hirunorm V and can be used to detect the dissociation constants (KI) of both peptides. Hirunorm IV and Hirunorm V are reversible inhibitors of amidolytic thrombin activity. By varying the peptide concentration at a fixed concentration of the chromogenic substrate N-(p-Tosyl)-GPR-pNA acetate, the dissociation constants determined were 0.134 nM (Hirunorm IV) and 0.245 nM (Hirunorm V) .
Pyrrothiogatain is an inhibitor for transcription factor GATA. Pyrrothiogatain inhibits the DNA-binding activity of GATA3, inhibits the T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation and expression of Th2 cytokines. Pyrrothiogatain is potential in Th2 related allergic disorders .
Spesolimab (BI 655130) is a mouse-derived humanized IgG1k antibody against IL-36R. IL-36 plays an important role in the immune system and Spesolimab is being investigated in palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). Spesolimab was associated with a reduction in biomarkers associated with the innate, Th1/Th17 and neutrophil pathways .
Fenoterol-d6 (hydrobromide) (Th-1165a-d6) is the deuterium labeled Fenoterol hydrobromide. Fenoterol hydrobromide (Th-1165a), a sympathomimetic agent, is a selective and orally active β2-adrenoceptor agonist. Fenoterol hydrobromide is an effective bronchodilator and can be used for bronchospasm associated with asthma, bronchitis and other obstructive airway diseases research[1][2].
Methylothiazolinone is a bacterial and fungal inhibitor and preservative, as well as a sensitizer. Methylisothiazolinone can activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human bronchial epithelial cells to induce apoptosis and inflammatory response. Methylisothiazolinone can promote the development of atopic dermatitis in mice by disrupting Th2/Th17 related immune responses. Methylisothiazolinone can cause mitochondrial damage in the endothelium of rat cerebral blood vessels .
Kurarinone, a flavanoid derived from shrub Sophora flavescens, inhibits the process of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via blocking Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation .
Oxazolone is a haptenizing agent that induces acute or chronic inflammation of the large intestine and is used to construct models of colitis. Oxazolone can cause Th1/Th2-dependent colitis with weight loss and diarrhea. Oxazolone-induced inflammation can be mitigated by neutralizing anti-IL-4 or anti-TNF-α antibodies or decoy IL-13R2-α-FC proteins .
Methylisothiazolinone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methylisothiazolinone. Methylothiazolinone is a fungicide and preservative, as well as a sensitizer. Methylisothiazolinone can activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human bronchial epithelial cells to induce cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. Methylisothiazolinone can promote the development of atopic dermatitis in mice by disrupting Th2/Th17 related immune responses. Methylisothiazolinone can cause mitochondrial damage in the endothelium of rat cerebral blood vessels .
NJK14047 inhibits p38 MAPK and the differentation of naive T-cells to Th1 and Th17 cells. NJK14047 ameliorates the collage-induced rheumatoid arthritis and Imiquimod (HY-B0180)-induced psoriasis in mice .
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E7 protein (49-57) is the H-2 d-restricted human papillomavirus (HPV) E749-57 epitope (short peptide spanning the 49th to 57th amino acid residues in the E7 protein) .
KRN7000 analog 1 exhibits good Th1-biased immune response through induction of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and reduction of interleukin-4 (IL-4). KRN7000 analog 1 is potential as an antitumor agent and vaccine adjuvant .
10-Undecenal consists of an 11-carbon chain with a double bond between the 9th and 10th carbon atoms and an aldehyde group attached to the 1st carbon atom. This compound has a pungent or fatty smell and is commonly used as a flavoring commodity in foods such as bakery, confectionary and beverages.
Vimirogant (VTP-43742) is a potent, selective, and orally active RORγt inhibitor (Ki=3.5 nM; IC50=17 nM). Vimirogant exhibits >1000-fold selectivity versus the RORα and RORβ isotypes. Vimirogant inhibits Th17 differentiation and IL-17A secretion from mouse splenocytes (IC50=57 nM) without affecting Th1, Th2, or Treg cell differentiation. Vimirogant has the potential for autoimmune disorders research .
Vimirogant (VTP-43742) hydrochloride is a potent, selective, and orally active RORγt inhibitor (Ki=3.5 nM; IC50=17 nM). Vimirogant hydrochloride exhibits >1000-fold selectivity versus the RORα and RORβ isotypes. Vimirogant hydrochloride inhibits Th17 differentiation and IL-17A secretion from mouse splenocytes (IC50=57 nM) without affecting Th1, Th2, or Treg cell differentiation. Vimirogant hydrochloride has the potential for autoimmune disorders research .
GSK805 is an orally active and CNS penetrant RORγt inhibitor. GSK805 inhibits RORγ and Th17 cells differentiation with pIC50 values of 8.4 and >8.2. GSK805 inhibits the function of Th17 cells. GSK805 can be used for the research of immunity .
RORγt Inverse agonist 6 (compound 43) is a RORγt inverse agonist for the study of Th17-driven autoimmune diseases. RORγt Inverse agonist 6 (compound 43) suppresses IL-17A gene expression by IL-23 stimulation in vivo .
GCS-12 is a Th1/2-balanced sulfonamide glycolipid with improved interaction with CD1d. GCS-12 is an agonist for natural killer T (NKT) cell, that induces the secretion of cytokine IFN-γ and IL-4, and exhibits immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activities in mice .
Suplatast Tosilate (IPD 1151T) is an orally active Th2 cytokine inhibitor which can inhibit both IL-4 and IL-5 production from Th2 cells and suppress IgE synthesis. Suplatast Tosilate is an anti-allergic agent. Suplatast Tosilate has antiasthmatic, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activity .
Lotrifen is a non-hormonal compound with abortifacient effects. Lotrifen is most effective when used on the 20th day of pregnancy in beagle and mongrel dogs .
YM-341619 (AS1617612) is a potent and orally active STAT6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.70 nM. YM-341619 inhibits Th2 differentiation in mouse spleen T cells induced by IL-4 (IC50=0.28 nM) without affecting Th1 cell differentiation . YM-341619 is a promising compound for the the research of allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma .
A-9758 is a RORγ ligand and a potent, selective RORγt inverse agonist (IC50=5 nM), and exhibits robust potency against IL-17A release. A-9758 is effective in suppressing both Th17 differentiation and Th17 effector function. A-9758 significantly attenuates IL-23 driven psoriasiform dermatitis and is effective in blocking skin and joint inflammation .
CCR8 antagonist 2 is a potent antagonist of CCR8. CCR8 (C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 8) is predominantly expressed on Treg cells and Th2 cells, but not on Th1 cells. CCR8 antagonist 2 inhibits CCR8 activity, which may be used in the research of diseases mediated by CCR8, such as cancer, and/or neuropathic pain (extracted from patent WO2022000443A1, compound 220) .
JAK1/TYK2-IN-3 is a potent, selective and orally active dual TYK2/JAK1 inhibitor with IC50 values of 6 and 37 nM, respectively. JAK1/TYK2-IN-3 also shows selectively relative to JAK2 (IC50=140 nM) and JAK3 (IC50=362 nM). JAK1/TYK2-IN-3 shows anti-inflammatory effect by regulating the expression of related TYK2/JAK1-regulated genes, as well as the formation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells .
QS-21, an immunostimulatory saponin, could be used as a potent vaccine adjuvant. QS-21 stimulates Th2 humoral and Th1 cell-mediated immune responses through action on antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. QS-21 can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome with subsequent release of caspase-1 dependent cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18 .
AHR agonist 4 (compound 24e) is an agonist of Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), assocaited with the immune balance of Th17/22 and Treg cells. AHR agonist 4 serves as a lead compound for anti-psoriasis drug, alleviates imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin lesion . AHR agonist 4 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
AJI-214 is a dual-target inhibitor of Aurora kinase A and JAK2. AJI-214 directly blocks Aurora kinase A to inhibit T cell mitotic progression and cell polarity, and inhibits JAK2 activation to inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation, thereby reducing the differentiation of TH1 and TH17 cells. AJI-214 can be used in studies on regulating immune responses and preventing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) .
Lafadofensine is the monoamines reuptake inhibitor. Lafadofensine has th sufficient effects after short-term administration (extracted from patent WO2006121218A1, compound 1) .
FASN-IN-5 (example 11), a FASN inhibitor, can be used for the research of TH17- or CSF1 -mediated disease or disorder such as cancer, immunological disorders, and obesity .
(±)-ML 209 (compound 4n), a diphenylpropanamide, is a retinoic acid-related orphan receptor RORγ antagonist with an IC50 of 1.1 μM. (±)-ML 209 inhibits RORγt transcriptional activity with an IC50 of 300 nM in HEK293t cells. (±)-ML 209 inhibits the transcriptional activity of RORγt, but not RORα in cells. (±)-ML 209 selectively inhibits murine Th17 cell differentiation without affecting the differentiation of naïve CD4 + T cells into other lineages, including Th1 and regulatory T cells .
3,4-DAA is an orally active Anthranilic acid derivative with potent immunosuppressive activities. 3, 4-DAA can alleviate the severity of colitis through inhibiting Th1 cells response, promoting Th2 cytokines expression and inducing CD4 +CD25 + T cells expression . 3,4-DAA suppressed expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) release from EOC20 cells induced by IFN-γ and Lipopolysaccharide .
AJI-100 is a dual-target inhibitor of Aurora kinase A and JAK2 with IC50 values ??of 12.7 nM and 18.5 nM, respectively. AJI-100 directly blocks Aurora kinase A to inhibit T cell mitosis and cell polarity, and inhibits JAK2 activation to inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation, thereby reducing the differentiation of TH1 and TH17 cells. AJI-100 can be used in studies on regulating immune responses and preventing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) .
Isoformononetin is an analog of Daidzein (HY-N0019) and has immunoprotective effects. Isoformononetin inhibits the differentiation of Th17 and B-cells lymphopoesis to promote osteogenesis in estrogen-deficient bone loss conditions .
3-Oxo-5β-cholanoic acid (Dehydrolithocholic acid), a bile acid metabolite, inhibits the diferentiation of TH17 cells by directly binding to the key transcription factor RORγt (Kd=1.13 μM) .
Zelnecirnon (RPT193) is an orally active inhibitor of CCR4, blocks the recruitment of Th2 inflammatory immune cells into inflamed tissues. Zelnecirnon can be used for allergic inflammation in atopic dermatitis, asthma, and other diseases research .
Odatroltide, as a nanoscale P-selectin inhibitor, is a nano-delivery system of 6,7-dihydroxyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid and KPAK to target the thrombus .
Orexin A (Hypocretin-1) (human, rat, mouse) acetate is a hypothalamic neuropeptide with analgesic properties (crosses the blood-brain barrier). Orexin A (human, rat, mouse) acetate binds and activates two types of G protein-coupled receptors, the orexin-1 receptor (OX1R) and the orexin-2 receptor (OX2R). Orexin A (human, rat, mouse) acetate can be used in studies of appetite regulation, neurodegenerative diseases and modulation of injurious messaging .
Cobitolimod is a DNA oligonucleotide agonist of TLR-9 with anti-inflammatory activity. Cobitolimod suppresses Th17 cells and induces anti-inflammatory FoxP3 and IL-10 expression, inhibiting the IL-17 signaling pathway .
Cobitolimod sodium is a DNA oligonucleotide agonist of TLR-9 with anti-inflammatory activity. Cobitolimod sodium inhibits Th17 cells and induces anti-inflammatory FoxP3 and IL-10 expression, inhibiting the IL-17 signaling pathway .
JTE-151 is a RORγ inhibitor, which can suppress overactive immune response through inhibition of RORγ related to the activation of Th17 cells, making JTE-151 possible to be used in autoimmune disease research .
bpV(phen), a insulin-mimetic agent, is a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and PTEN inhibitor with IC50s of 38 nM, 343 nM and 920 nM for PTEN, PTP-β and PTP-1B, respectively. bpV(phen) inhibits proliferation of the protozoan parasite Leishmania in vitro. bpV(phen) strongly induces the secretion of a large number of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it activates a Th1-type pathway (IL-12, IFNγ). bpV(phen) can also induce cell apoptosis, and has anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity .
Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine is a potent parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor agonist. Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine increases calcium and inorganic phosphate levels in vivo. Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine can be used for th reseach of osteoporosis .
CRTh2 antagonist 4 (compound 58) is an inhibitor (IC50: 212 nM) of TH2 lymphocyte (CRTH2 or DP2) receptor with high binding affinity (Ki= 37 nM). CRTh2 antagonist 4 can be used in the study of severe allergic diseases .
Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine TFA is a potent parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor agonist. Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine increases calcium and inorganic phosphate levels in vivo. Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine can be used for th reseach of osteoporosis .
p-Fluoro-L-phenylalanine (4-Fluoro-L-phenylalanine) is a substrate for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) that can be used to study the regulation of that enzyme. p-Fluoro-L-phenylalanine binds to the L-leucine specific receptor of Escherichia coli (KD=0.26 μM) .
bpV(phen) trihydrate, a insulin-mimetic agent, is a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and PTEN inhibitor with IC50s of 38 nM, 343 nM and 920 nM for PTEN, PTP-β and PTP-1B, respectively. bpV(phen) trihydrate inhibits proliferation of the protozoan parasite Leishmania in vitro. bpV(phen) trihydrate strongly induces the secretion of a large number of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it activates a Th1-type pathway (IL-12, IFNγ). bpV(phen) trihydrate can also induce cell apoptosis, and has anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity .
ERRγ agonist-1 is a potent ERRγ agonist. ERRγ agonist-1 increases transcriptional activities of ERRγ. ERRγ agonist-1 has the potential for the research of neuropsychological disorders .
(Gly14)-Humanin (human) (14-Glycine-Humanin (human)) is an analog of Humanin in which the 14th amino acid serine was replaced with glycine (Gly). (Gly14)-Humanin (human) has anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective functions .
(Gly14)-Humanin (human) (14-Glycine-Humanin (human)) acetate is an analog of Humanin in which the 14th amino acid serine was replaced with glycine (Gly). (Gly14)-Humanin (human) acetate has anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective functions .
ROR agonist-1 is a potent and orally bioavailable inverse agonist of the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor C2 (RORC2), inhibition of IL-17A production from human primary TH 17 cells with a pIC50 of 7.5 .
Valencene is a sesquiterpene isolated from Cyperus rotundus, possesses antiallergic, antimelanogenesis, anti-infammatory, and antioxidant activitivies. Valencene inhibits the exaggerated expression of Th2 chemokines and proinflammatory chemokines through blockade of the NF-κB pathway. Valencene is used to flavor foods and drinks .
Demethyleneberberine is a natural mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Demethyleneberberine alleviates mice colitis and inhibits the inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB pathway and regulating the balance of Th cells. Demethyleneberberine could serve as a AMPK activator for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) .
Myelin Basic Protein(87-99) is an encephalitogenic peptide that induces basic protein-specific T cell proliferation. Myelin Basic Protein(87-99) causes a Th1 polarization in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with is implicated of multiple sclerosis (MS) .
Demethyleneberberine chloride is a natural mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Demethyleneberberine chloride alleviates mice colitis and inhibits the inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB pathway and regulating the balance of Th cells. Demethyleneberberine chloride could serve as a AMPK activator for researching non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) .
PVP-037.2 is a TLR7/8 agonist. PVP-037.2 can serve as an adjuvant to enhance vaccine-induced TH1 type immune responses, increasing the production of antigen-specific antibodies IgG1 and IgG2c .
Isoformononetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoformononetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoformononetin is an analog of Daidzein (HY-N0019) and has immunoprotective effects. Isoformononetin inhibits the differentiation of Th17 and B-cells lymphopoesis to promote osteogenesis in estrogen-deficient bone loss conditions .
Isoformononetin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Isoformononetin (HY-N7501). Isoformononetin is an analog of Daidzein (HY-N0019) and has immunoprotective effects. Isoformononetin inhibits the differentiation of Th17 and B-cells lymphopoesis to promote osteogenesis in estrogen-deficient bone loss conditions .
Asimilobine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from plant species of Magnolia obobata Thun. Asimilobine is a dopamine biosynthesis inhibitor and a serotonergic receptor antagonist. Asimilobine shows an antimalarial and anti-cancer activity .
JNJ-61803534 is a potent and orally active RORγt inverse agonist with an IC50 of 9.6 nM. JNJ-61803534 has anti-inflammatory activity. JNJ-61803534 inhibits IL-17A production in human CD4+ T cells under Th17 differentiation conditions .
Acetyl-Exenatideyes is an acetylated derivative of Exenatide. Exenatide has the function similar to insulin, which can be used for research of type 2 diabetes. Exenatide can promote Th17 differentiation, inhibits Tregs differentiation, downregulates PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 phosphorylation .
SPL-334 is a potent and selective S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) inhibitor. SPL-334 causes a significant reduction in the production of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 and the levels of the chemokine CCL11 (eotaxin-1) in the airways. SPL-334 can be used in research of allergic airway inflammation .
L685818 is a specific immunophilin ligand. L685818 was neuroregenerative and non-neuroprotective in primary brain cultures. L685818 protects dopaminergic neurons from toxic inhibition of MPP+ and 6-OHDA, reduces tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) loss, and promotes neuronal process regeneration. L685818 is also an antifungal reagent for Cryptococcus neoformans .
FITC-Lithocholic acid 3-sulfate (FITC-Sulfolithocholic acid) is a FITC-labeled Lithocholic acid 3-sulfate, which is a sulfated biliary metabolite. Lithocholic acid 3-sulfate selectively inhibits Th17 cell differentiation by targeting RORγt. Lithocholic acid 3-sulfate can be used for the research of pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases .
CRTh2 antagonist 3 is a potent chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTh2) antagonist . CRTh2 antagonist 3 enhances the activity of PDK1 toward a short peptide substrate, with an EC50 of 2 μM and a Kd of 8.4 μM. CRTh2 antagonist 3 has the potential for cardiovascular inflammation .
RORγt inverse agonist 26 is a potent reverse agonist of RORγt. RORγt inverse agonist 26 regulates the differentiation of Th17 cells and inhibits the production of IL-17. RORγt inverse agonist 26 has the potential for the research of inflammation and autoimmune diseases (extracted from patent WO2021228215A1, compound 1) .
RORγt inverse agonist 28 is a potent reverse agonist of RORγt. RORγt inverse agonist 28 regulates the differentiation of Th17 cells and inhibits the production of IL-17. RORγt inverse agonist 28 has the potential for the research of inflammation and autoimmune diseases (extracted from patent WO2021228215A1, compound 6) .
Tildrakizumab (SCH 900222) is a humanized anti-IL-23 (p19 subunit) monoclonal antibody. IL-23 is a critical cytokine to maintain the Th17 cell phenotype. Tildrakizumab has high-affinity for single-chain IL-23 (Kd: 136 pM). Tildrakizumab is effective against moderate to severe plaque psoriasis .
Catalpalactone has anti-inflammatory effect. Catalpalactone inhibits LPS-induced NO production and iNOS expression in RAW264.7 cells, and also inhibits IRF3, NF-κB, and IFN-β/STAT-1 activation. Catalpalactone also inhibits dopamine biosynthesis by reducing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic-l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) activities .
Valencene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Valencene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Valencene is a sesquiterpene isolated from Cyperus rotundus, possesses antiallergic, antimelanogenesis, anti-infammatory, and antioxidant activitivies. Valencene inhibits the exaggerated expression of Th2 chemokines and proinflammatory chemokines through blockade of the NF-κB pathway. Valencene is used to flavor foods and drinks .
SR1555 is a specific retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γ (RORγ) inverse agonist with an IC50 value of 1 μM. SR1555 not only inhibits TH17 cell development and function but also increases the frequency of T regulatory cells, as well as inhibits the expression of IL-17. SR1555 can be used for researching autoimmune diseases .
TF-S14 is a reverse agonist of RORγt. TF-S14 reduces Th17 cell-associated cytokine production, including IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22 by binding to and inhibiting RORγt activity. TF-S14 can be used in the study of autoimmune diseases and rejection in allotransplantation .
NVP-QAV680 is a potent and selective CRTh2 receptor antagonist with low nanomolar (nM) functional potency to inhibit CRTh2-driven activation of human eosinophils and Th2 lymphocytes. NVP-QAV680 exhibits good oral bioavailability and demonstrates efficacy in CRTh2-dependent mechanisms and allergic disease models in rats .
RORγt agonist 3 is a potent agonist of RORγt. RORγt agonist 3 promotes the differentiation of Th17 cells and enhances the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby increasing the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes. RORγt agonist 3 inhibits the production of regulatory T cells, which suppresses the immune response (extracted from patent WO2021136326A1, compound 23) .
RORγt agonist 2 is a potent agonist of RORγt. RORγt agonist 2 promotes the differentiation of Th17 cells and enhances the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby increasing the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes. RORγt agonist 2 inhibits the production of regulatory T cells, which suppresses the immune response (extracted from patent WO2021136339A1, compound 17) .
BI-671800 is a highly specific and potent antagonist of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule on Th2 cells (DP2/CRTH2), with IC50 values of 4.5 nM and 3.7 nM for PGD2 binding to CRTH2 in hCRTH2 and mCRTH2 transfected cells, respectively . BI-671800 has potential for the treatment of poorly controlled asthma .
Ciglitazone is a potent and selective PPARγ agonist (EC50=3 μM). Ciglitazone inhibits proliferation and differentiation of th17 cells. Ciglitazone is a hypoglycemic agent orally active in the obese-hyperglycemic animal models. Ciglitazone induces apoptosis accompanied by activation of p38 MAPK and nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in opossum kidney (OK) renal epithelial cells .
BET BD2-IN-1 (compound 45) is a potent and selective inhibitor of BET BD2 (IC50=1.6 nM). BET BD2-IN-1 inhibits the differentiation of Th17 cells by decreasing the activation of STAT3 and NF-κB. BET BD2-IN-1 is used in psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research .
SR1555 hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of SR1555 (HY-120785). SR1555 hydrochloride is an inverse agonist for retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γ (RORγ) with an IC50 of 1 μM. SR1555 hydrochloride inhibits the development and function of pro-inflammatory TH17 cell, increases the frequency of anti-inflammatory T regulatory (Treg) cells. SR1555 hydrochloride can be used for research about autoimmune diseases .
RORγt inhibitor 3 is an orally active and potent retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt) inhibitor. RORγt inhibitor 3 shows high binding affinity and inhibitory activity of Th17 cell differentiation. RORγt inhibitor 3 also shows efficacy in both mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and collagen induced arthritis (CIA) models .
Glatiramer acetate, a synthetic analogue of myelin basic protein and an immunomodulating agent, can be used for the research of multiple sclerosis. Glatiramer acetate exhibits strong and promiscuous binding to MHC molecules and consequent competition with various myelin antigens for their presentation to T cells. A further aspect of its action is potent induction of specific suppressor cells of the T helper 2 (Th2) type that migrate to the brain and lead to in situ bystander suppression .
Lewis X trisaccharide (Lewis X, Le x) is a potent TH2 regulator, antagonizes LPS-induced IL-12 immune expression. Lewis X trisaccharide is a human histo-blood group antigen, plays an key role in cell-cell adhesion, and servers as a tumor marker. Lewis X trisaccharide is highly expressed in the outer membrane of the parasite, can be used for the immunology research of schistosomiasis .
TLR7 agonist 20 hydrochloride is an imidazoquinoline analogue. TLR7 agonist 20 hydrochloride is a potent TLR7 specific agonist, with an EC50 value of 0.23 μM for hTLR7. TLR7 agonist 20 hydrochloride shows strong adjuvant activity on spike antibody levels which induces a strong T helper 1 (Th1) response with increase in IgG2b and IgG2c, in addition to IgG1 .
GSK2245035 is a highly potent and selective intranasal Toll-Like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist with preferential Type-1 interferon (IFN)-stimulating properties. GSK2245035 has pEC50s of 9.3 and 6.5 for IFNα and TFNα. GSK2245035 effectively suppresses allergen-induced Th2 cytokine production in human peripheral blood cell cultures. GSK2245035 is used for asthma .
SM-360320 (CL-087) is a potent, orally active TLR7 agonist. SM-360320 is a immuno-modulator and exerts an antitumor effect. SM-360320 can act in synergy with DNA vaccines leading to an enhanced Th1 antibody response . SM-360320 can inhibit HCV replication in hepatocytes via a type I IFN-independent mechanism in addition to its IFN-mediated activity .
7ß,27-Dihydroxycholesterol (7β, 27-OHC) is a potent and selective activator of RORγt (Ki=120 nM). 7ß,27-Dihydroxycholesterol promotes the differentiation of mouse and human CD4 +Th17 cells. 7ß,27-Dihydroxycholesterol also increases the production of IL-17 depended on CYP27A1 .
TLR7 agonist 20 (compound 23) is an imidazoquinoline analogue. TLR7 agonist 20 is a potent TLR7 specific agonist, with an EC50 value of 0.23 μM for hTLR7. TLR7 agonist 20 shows strong adjuvant activity on spike antibody levels which induces a strong T helper 1 (Th1) response with increase in IgG2b and IgG2c, in addition to IgG1 .
GSK2245035 maleate is a highly potent and selective intranasal Toll-Like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist with preferential Type-1 interferon (IFN)-stimulating properties. GSK2245035 maleate has pEC50s of 9.3 and 6.5 for IFNα and TFNα. GSK2245035 maleate effectively suppresses allergen-induced Th2 cytokine production in human peripheral blood cell cultures. GSK2245035 maleate is used for asthma .
SGC-CBP30 is a potent and highly selective CBP/p300 bromodomain (Kds of 21 nM and 32 nM for CBP and p300, respectively) inhibitor, displaying 40-fold selectivity over the first bromodomain of BRD4 [BRD4(1)] bound. SGC-CBP30 strongly reduces secretion of IL-17A in Th17 cells and has anti-inflammatory effects .
Timapiprant (OC000459) is a potent, selective, and orally active D prostanoid receptor 2 (DP2, also known as CRTH2) antagonist. Timapiprant (OC000459) potently displaces [ 3H] PGD2 from human recombinant DP2 (Ki=13 nM), rat recombinant DP2 (Ki=3 nM), and human native DP2 (Ki=4 nM). Timapiprant (OC000459) inhibits mast cell activation of Th2 lymphocytes and eosinophils .
Timapiprant sodium (OC000459 sodium) is a potent, selective, and orally active D prostanoid receptor 2 (DP2, also known as CRTH2) antagonist. Timapiprant sodium (OC000459 sodium) potently displaces [ 3H] PGD2 from human recombinant DP2 (Ki=13 nM), rat recombinant DP2 (Ki=3 nM), and human native DP2 (Ki=4 nM). Timapiprant sodium (OC000459 sodium) inhibits mast cell activation of Th2 lymphocytes and eosinophils .
Resolvin D5 is a prolytic mediator (SPM) with anti-inflammatory activity derived from oxidized lipids DHA. Resolvin D5 inhibits Th17 cell differentiation and promotes regulatory T cell differentiation, and inhibits CD4+ T cell proliferation. Resolvin D5 attenuates osteoclast differentiation and interferes with osteoclastogenesis. Resolvin D5 also regulates ERK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. Resolvin D5 could be used in rheumatoid arthritis research .
HA-1004 is a selective inhibitor of PKA, which can inhibit lipolysis and induce vascular relaxation. HA-1004 is also a dual inhibitor of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and cyclic AMP-dependent protein, and is involved in smooth muscle, second messenger, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP regulation mechanisms. HA-1004 is an antagonist for calcium, that can be used as a vasodilator to inhibit the contraction of rabbit aortic strips, or to antagonize ERK and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) phosphorylation in morphine abstinence rat models .
Soquelitinib (CPI-818) is an orally active and highly selective covalent interleukin-2-inducible kinase (ITK) inhibitor. Soquelitinib is active in six different models of T cell-mediated inflammatory and immune disease, including acute and chronic asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), psoriasis, and acute graft versus host disease with Th2 cytokine product inhibition. Soquelitinib increases tumor infiltration of normal CD8 + cells that possess enhanced T effector function .
Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 1 mg/ml) is an immunoadjuvant emulsified with antigen that can enhance an animal's immune response to an antigen. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 1 mg/ml) is also an inducer of the Th1 immune response and a ligand of TLRs. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 1 mg/ml) contains heat-killed inactive tuberculosis bacilli and consists of a paraffin oil-in-water emulsion. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 1 mg/ml) stimulates a strong and durable immune response and can be used to induce rheumatoid arthritis in rats, and more .
HA-1004 dihydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of PKA, which can inhibit lipolysis and induce vascular relaxation. HA-1004 dihydrochloride is also a dual inhibitor of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and cyclic AMP-dependent protein, and is involved in smooth muscle, second messenger, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP regulation mechanisms. HA-1004 dihydrochloride is an antagonist for calcium, that can be used as a vasodilator to inhibit the contraction of rabbit aortic strips, or to antagonize ERK and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) phosphorylation in morphine abstinence rat models .
MS402 is a BD1-selective BET BrD inhibitor with Kis of 77 nM, 718 nM, 110 nM, 200 nM, 83 nM, and 240 nM for BRD4(BD1), BRD4(BD2), BRD3(BD1), BRD3(BD2), BRD2(BD1) and BRD2(BD2), respectively. MS402 blocks Th17 cell differentiation and ameliorates colitis in mice .
Lebrikizumab (TNX-650) is an IgG4 humanized anti-interleukin-13 (IL-13) mAb with anti-itch effects that specifically binds to IL-13 in a non-receptor binding domain and inhibits its function. Lebrikizumab inhibits the IL-13 driven Th2 inflammatory response and blocks the signaling of IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1. Lebrikizumab can be used for the research of asthma, atopic dermatitis and neuroinflammatory diseases .
Rademikibart (CBP-201) is a human monoclonal antibody targeting IL-4Rα with a KD of 20.7 pM when binding to human IL-4Rα epitopes. Rademikibart does not bind to IL-4Rα from other species. Rademikibart inhibits IL-4 and IL-13-mediated STAT6 signaling, TF-1 cell proliferation and TARC production in PBMCs. Rademikibart has the potential for moderate-to-severe Th2 inflammatory diseases research .
HA-1004 hydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of PKA, which can inhibit lipolysis and induce vascular relaxation. HA-1004 hydrochloride is also a dual inhibitor of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and cyclic AMP-dependent protein (Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase), and is involved in smooth muscle, second messenger, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP regulation mechanisms. HA-1004 hydrochloride an antagonist for calcium, that can be used as a vasodilator to inhibit the contraction of rabbit aortic strips, or to antagonize ERK and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) phosphorylation in morphine abstinence rat models .
Nurr1 agonist 9 (Compound 36) is an agonist for Nurr1 with an EC50 of 0.090 µM and a Kd of 0.17 µM. Nurr1 agonist 9 activates the Nurr1 homodimer (NurRE, EC50=0.094 µM) and the Nurr1-RXR heterodimer (DR5, EC50=0.165 µM). Nurr1 agonist 9 induces the expression of Nurr1-regulated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in organoid Parkinson's Disease model. Nurr1 agonist 9 is human brain endothelial cell barrier prmeable .
ssK36 is a supersubstrate peptide of the histone methyltransferase (SET) domain protein 2 (SETD2), and ssK36 is designed for the SETD2 protein, a specific PKMT. It is responsible in human cells for adding methyl groups to the 36th lysine residue of histone H3 (H3K36) to form H3K36me3. ssK36 can be methylated by SETD2 at a rate more than 100 times faster than the natural substrate H3K36. ssK36 can be used to study the catalytic mechanism of PKMTs, especially substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency .
L-Cystine is an orally active extracellular form of L-Cysteine (HY-Y0337), occurring in proteins of plants and animals. L-Cystine elevates Nrf2 protein expression and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-cystine reduces ROS generation and protects against oxidant- or Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced apoptosis. L-Cystine combined with L-theanine (HY-15121) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine is promising for research of cystinuria and kidney stones
Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is an immunoadjuvant emulsified with antigen by its discoverer Jules T. Freund to enhance an animal's immune response to an antigen. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is also an inducer of the Th1 immune response and a ligand of TLRs. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) contains heat-killed inactive tuberculosis bacilli and consists of a paraffin oil-in-water emulsion. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) stimulates a strong and durable immune response and can be used to induce persistent inflammatory pain models in mice, experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) models, and more. Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) (HY-153808A) is another type of Freund's Adjuvant that stimulates a weaker immune response .
1,11b-Dihydro-11b-hydroxymedicarpin (11b-Hydroxy-11b,1-dihydromedicarpin) is a pterocarpan from Ononis viscosa subsp. breviflora is a Medicarpin derivative . Medicarpin, a natural pterocarpan, heals cortical bone defect by activation of Notch and Wnt canonical signaling pathways . Medicarpin prevents arthritis in post-menopausal conditions by arresting the expansion of TH17 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Medicarpin down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A, while up-regulates anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in arthritis (CIA) model of mice .
Harmane is an inhibitor that binds to benzodiazepine receptors (with an IC50 value of 7 μM), has an IC50 of 24 μM for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (QNB), an IC50 of 2.8 μM for opioid receptors, and IC50 values of 163 and 101 μM for spironolactone and serotonin, respectively. Harmane is a selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (with IC50 values of 0.5 μM for MAO A and 5 μM for MAO B). Harman inhibits dopamine biosynthesis by decreasing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and enhancing levodopa (L-DOPA)-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. Harmane lowers blood pressure in rats through the I1 imidazoline receptor (I1 receptor) and has antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and analgesic effects. Harmane enhances the mutagenicity induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) .
L-Cystine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Cystine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Cystine, the extracellular form of L-Cysteine (HY-Y0337), is a nutritionally dispensable semiessential sulfur-containing amino acid, occurring in proteins of plants and animals. L-Cystine induces Nrf2 protein elevation in a Keap1 (HY-P75897)-dependent manner and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-cystine can elicit cytoprotection by reducing ROS generation and protecting against oxidant- or doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. The reduced reabsorption of L-Cystine in renal tubules and its poor solubility in urine are the important causes of cystine precipitation and cystine crystal formation eventually leading to kidney stones. L-Cystine combined with L-theanine (HY-15121) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine is promising for research of cystinuria and cystinosis
Nature has been a source of medicinal products for millennia, with many useful active substances developed from plant sources. In the 20th century, the discovery of the penicillin was the starting point for drug discovery from microbial sources. Microorganisms， which have been considered to be a rich source of unique bioactive compounds, play an important role in the development of the chemistry of natural products and medical therapy. Microbial metabolites have proved to be affective antimicrobial agents, anti-tumor agents, enzyme inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents, etc. Today, many microbial-originated antibiotics are available in the mark, and a large number of bioactive metabolites are used in medicine.
MCE provides a unique collection of 1,111 microbial metabolites, which is an important source of lead compounds and can be used for drug discovery.
FITC-Lithocholic acid 3-sulfate (FITC-Sulfolithocholic acid) is a FITC-labeled Lithocholic acid 3-sulfate, which is a sulfated biliary metabolite. Lithocholic acid 3-sulfate selectively inhibits Th17 cell differentiation by targeting RORγt. Lithocholic acid 3-sulfate can be used for the research of pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases .
10-Undecenal consists of an 11-carbon chain with a double bond between the 9th and 10th carbon atoms and an aldehyde group attached to the 1st carbon atom. This compound has a pungent or fatty smell and is commonly used as a flavoring commodity in foods such as bakery, confectionary and beverages.
p-Fluoro-L-phenylalanine (4-Fluoro-L-phenylalanine) is a substrate for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) that can be used to study the regulation of that enzyme. p-Fluoro-L-phenylalanine binds to the L-leucine specific receptor of Escherichia coli (KD=0.26 μM) .
Aβ1-14-εK-KKK-MvF5 Th acetate is the acetate salt form of Aβ1-14-εK-KKK-MvF5 Th (HY-P5333). Aβ1-14-εK-KKK-MvF5 Th acetate is part of UB-311 vaccine, that targets the amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein, and ameliorates the Alzheimer’s disease .
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E7 protein (49-57) is the H-2 d-restricted human papillomavirus (HPV) E749-57 epitope (short peptide spanning the 49th to 57th amino acid residues in the E7 protein) .
NY-ESO-1 (87-111) is a pan-MHC class II-restricted peptide sequence. NY-ESO-1 (87-111) binds to multiple HLA-DR and HLA-DP4 molecules, and stimulates Th1-type and Th-2/Th0-type CD4 + T cells when presented in the context of HLA-DR and HLA-DP4 molecules .
Protein E7(43-62) TFA is an E7-derived peptide with anti-tumor effects (short peptide spanning the 43th to 62th amino acid residues in the E7 protein) .
Z-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNA (z-GPR-pNA) is a photometric substrate in Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) activation protease assays. Z-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNA (z-GPR-pNA) can be used for the test of trypsin activity .
G6PI 325-339 (human) hydrochloride is an efficient inducer of arthritis in B10.Q mice. G6PI 325-339 (human) hydrochloride primes Th1 and Th17 cells cross-reacted with the murine G6PI protein. G6PI 325-339 (human) hydrochloride induces arthritis model operating through a T and B cell-dependent pathway but without antibody effector mechanisms .
G6PI 325-339 (human) is an efficient inducer of arthritis in B10.Q mice. G6PI 325-339 (human) primes Th1 and Th17 cells cross-reacted with the murine G6PI protein. G6PI 325-339 (human) induces arthritis model operating through a T and B cell-dependent pathway but without antibody effector mechanisms .
Myelin basic protein, MBP (68-86) is the portion of the 68th to 86th amino acid residues in the MBP protein sequence. Myelin basic protein, MBP (68-86) can act as an autoantigen, triggering the immune system to attack its own myelin. Myelin basic protein, MBP (68-86) is used as one of the immunogens in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model to study immune responses associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) .
Orexin A (Hypocretin-1) (human, rat, mouse) acetate is a hypothalamic neuropeptide with analgesic properties (crosses the blood-brain barrier). Orexin A (human, rat, mouse) acetate binds and activates two types of G protein-coupled receptors, the orexin-1 receptor (OX1R) and the orexin-2 receptor (OX2R). Orexin A (human, rat, mouse) acetate can be used in studies of appetite regulation, neurodegenerative diseases and modulation of injurious messaging .
Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine is a potent parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor agonist. Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine increases calcium and inorganic phosphate levels in vivo. Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine can be used for th reseach of osteoporosis .
Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine TFA is a potent parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor agonist. Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine increases calcium and inorganic phosphate levels in vivo. Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine can be used for th reseach of osteoporosis .
(Asp28)-Glucagon (1-29) (human, rat, porcine) is an optimized structure of glucagon, the 28th position is replaced by aspartic acid (Asp) which significantly increases the aqueous solubility of glucagon in a physiological pH buffer, has the same activity as glucagon .
(Gly14)-Humanin (human) (14-Glycine-Humanin (human)) is an analog of Humanin in which the 14th amino acid serine was replaced with glycine (Gly). (Gly14)-Humanin (human) has anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective functions .
(Gly14)-Humanin (human) (14-Glycine-Humanin (human)) acetate is an analog of Humanin in which the 14th amino acid serine was replaced with glycine (Gly). (Gly14)-Humanin (human) acetate has anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective functions .
[Leu144]-PLP (139-151) (L144-PLP(139-151)) is a peptide ligand of T cell receptor. [Leu144]-PLP (139-151) is a TCR antagonist for encephalitogenic Th1 clones, blocking their activation .
Myelin Basic Protein(87-99) TFA is an encephalitogenic peptide that induces basic protein-specific T cell proliferation. Myelin Basic Protein(87-99) TFA causes a Th1 polarization in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with is implicated of multiple sclerosis (MS) .
Acetyl-Exenatideyes is an acetylated derivative of Exenatide. Exenatide has the function similar to insulin, which can be used for research of type 2 diabetes. Exenatide can promote Th17 differentiation, inhibits Tregs differentiation, downregulates PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 phosphorylation .
LLO (190-201) (Listeriolysin O 190 peptide) is a biological active peptide. (This peptide is a major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II)-restricted peptide, LLO190 (NEKYAQAYPNVS), from the listeriolysin O protein of Listeria monocytogenes, which generates an LLO190-specific Th response. This peptide subsequently challenge recombinant L. monocytogenes expressing the MHC-I-restricted epitope of ovalbumin (Ova257, SIINFEKL).)
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat (MOG (35-55)) is a minor component of CNS myelin. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat has encephalitogenic activity and induces T?cell proliferative. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat induces Th1 cytokine response as well as relatively high levels of IgG antibodies. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat produces a relapsing-remitting neurological disease with extensive plaque-like demyelination .
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat (MOG (35-55)) acetate is a minor component of CNS myelin. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat acetate has encephalitogenic activity and induces T?cell proliferative. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat acetate induces Th1 cytokine response as well as relatively high levels of IgG antibodies. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat acetate produces a relapsing-remitting neurological disease with extensive plaque-like demyelination .
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat (MOG (35-55)) TFA is a minor component of CNS myelin. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat TFA has encephalitogenic activity and induces T cell proliferative. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat TFA induces Th1 cytokine response as well as relatively high levels of IgG antibodies. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat TFA produces a relapsing-remitting neurological disease with extensive plaque-like demyelination .
[Leu144,Arg147]-PLP (139-151) is a mutant peptide fragment of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), with the tryptophan and histidine at positions 144 and 147 respectively replaced by leucine and arginine. [Leu144,Arg147]-PLP (139-151) also serves as a T cell receptor (TCR) antagonist for encephalitogenic Th1 clones, blocking their activation in vitro. Furthermore, [Leu144,Arg147]-PLP (139-151) can inhibit the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) .
ssK36 is a supersubstrate peptide of the histone methyltransferase (SET) domain protein 2 (SETD2), and ssK36 is designed for the SETD2 protein, a specific PKMT. It is responsible in human cells for adding methyl groups to the 36th lysine residue of histone H3 (H3K36) to form H3K36me3. ssK36 can be methylated by SETD2 at a rate more than 100 times faster than the natural substrate H3K36. ssK36 can be used to study the catalytic mechanism of PKMTs, especially substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency .
Spesolimab (BI 655130) is a mouse-derived humanized IgG1k antibody against IL-36R. IL-36 plays an important role in the immune system and Spesolimab is being investigated in palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). Spesolimab was associated with a reduction in biomarkers associated with the innate, Th1/Th17 and neutrophil pathways .
Pateclizumab (MLTA3698A) is a humanized antibody against lymphotoxin α (LTα), a transiently expressed cytokine on activated B and T cells (Th1, Th17), which are implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis .
Tildrakizumab (SCH 900222) is a humanized anti-IL-23 (p19 subunit) monoclonal antibody. IL-23 is a critical cytokine to maintain the Th17 cell phenotype. Tildrakizumab has high-affinity for single-chain IL-23 (Kd: 136 pM). Tildrakizumab is effective against moderate to severe plaque psoriasis .
Lebrikizumab (TNX-650) is an IgG4 humanized anti-interleukin-13 (IL-13) mAb with anti-itch effects that specifically binds to IL-13 in a non-receptor binding domain and inhibits its function. Lebrikizumab inhibits the IL-13 driven Th2 inflammatory response and blocks the signaling of IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1. Lebrikizumab can be used for the research of asthma, atopic dermatitis and neuroinflammatory diseases .
Rademikibart (CBP-201) is a human monoclonal antibody targeting IL-4Rα with a KD of 20.7 pM when binding to human IL-4Rα epitopes. Rademikibart does not bind to IL-4Rα from other species. Rademikibart inhibits IL-4 and IL-13-mediated STAT6 signaling, TF-1 cell proliferation and TARC production in PBMCs. Rademikibart has the potential for moderate-to-severe Th2 inflammatory diseases research .
Thonningianin A, an ellagitannin, is isolated from the methanolic extract of the African medicinal herb, Thonningia sanguinea. The antioxidant properties of Th A involve radical scavenging, anti-superoxide formation and metal chelation. Anti-cancer activities .
Kurarinone, a flavanoid derived from shrub Sophora flavescens, inhibits the process of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via blocking Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation .
QS-21, an immunostimulatory saponin, could be used as a potent vaccine adjuvant. QS-21 stimulates Th2 humoral and Th1 cell-mediated immune responses through action on antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. QS-21 can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome with subsequent release of caspase-1 dependent cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18 .
Isoformononetin is an analog of Daidzein (HY-N0019) and has immunoprotective effects. Isoformononetin inhibits the differentiation of Th17 and B-cells lymphopoesis to promote osteogenesis in estrogen-deficient bone loss conditions .
Valencene is a sesquiterpene isolated from Cyperus rotundus, possesses antiallergic, antimelanogenesis, anti-infammatory, and antioxidant activitivies. Valencene inhibits the exaggerated expression of Th2 chemokines and proinflammatory chemokines through blockade of the NF-κB pathway. Valencene is used to flavor foods and drinks .
Demethyleneberberine is a natural mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Demethyleneberberine alleviates mice colitis and inhibits the inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB pathway and regulating the balance of Th cells. Demethyleneberberine could serve as a AMPK activator for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) .
Demethyleneberberine chloride is a natural mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Demethyleneberberine chloride alleviates mice colitis and inhibits the inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB pathway and regulating the balance of Th cells. Demethyleneberberine chloride could serve as a AMPK activator for researching non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) .
Tildrakizumab (SCH 900222) is a humanized anti-IL-23 (p19 subunit) monoclonal antibody. IL-23 is a critical cytokine to maintain the Th17 cell phenotype. Tildrakizumab has high-affinity for single-chain IL-23 (Kd: 136 pM). Tildrakizumab is effective against moderate to severe plaque psoriasis .
Isoformononetin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoformononetin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoformononetin is an analog of Daidzein (HY-N0019) and has immunoprotective effects. Isoformononetin inhibits the differentiation of Th17 and B-cells lymphopoesis to promote osteogenesis in estrogen-deficient bone loss conditions .
Asimilobine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from plant species of Magnolia obobata Thun. Asimilobine is a dopamine biosynthesis inhibitor and a serotonergic receptor antagonist. Asimilobine shows an antimalarial and anti-cancer activity .
Catalpalactone has anti-inflammatory effect. Catalpalactone inhibits LPS-induced NO production and iNOS expression in RAW264.7 cells, and also inhibits IRF3, NF-κB, and IFN-β/STAT-1 activation. Catalpalactone also inhibits dopamine biosynthesis by reducing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic-l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) activities .
Valencene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Valencene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Valencene is a sesquiterpene isolated from Cyperus rotundus, possesses antiallergic, antimelanogenesis, anti-infammatory, and antioxidant activitivies. Valencene inhibits the exaggerated expression of Th2 chemokines and proinflammatory chemokines through blockade of the NF-κB pathway. Valencene is used to flavor foods and drinks .
Lewis X trisaccharide (Lewis X, Le x) is a potent TH2 regulator, antagonizes LPS-induced IL-12 immune expression. Lewis X trisaccharide is a human histo-blood group antigen, plays an key role in cell-cell adhesion, and servers as a tumor marker. Lewis X trisaccharide is highly expressed in the outer membrane of the parasite, can be used for the immunology research of schistosomiasis .
Resolvin D5 is a prolytic mediator (SPM) with anti-inflammatory activity derived from oxidized lipids DHA. Resolvin D5 inhibits Th17 cell differentiation and promotes regulatory T cell differentiation, and inhibits CD4+ T cell proliferation. Resolvin D5 attenuates osteoclast differentiation and interferes with osteoclastogenesis. Resolvin D5 also regulates ERK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. Resolvin D5 could be used in rheumatoid arthritis research .
L-Cystine is an orally active extracellular form of L-Cysteine (HY-Y0337), occurring in proteins of plants and animals. L-Cystine elevates Nrf2 protein expression and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-cystine reduces ROS generation and protects against oxidant- or Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced apoptosis. L-Cystine combined with L-theanine (HY-15121) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine is promising for research of cystinuria and kidney stones
1,11b-Dihydro-11b-hydroxymedicarpin (11b-Hydroxy-11b,1-dihydromedicarpin) is a pterocarpan from Ononis viscosa subsp. breviflora is a Medicarpin derivative . Medicarpin, a natural pterocarpan, heals cortical bone defect by activation of Notch and Wnt canonical signaling pathways . Medicarpin prevents arthritis in post-menopausal conditions by arresting the expansion of TH17 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Medicarpin down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A, while up-regulates anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in arthritis (CIA) model of mice .
Harmane is an inhibitor that binds to benzodiazepine receptors (with an IC50 value of 7 μM), has an IC50 of 24 μM for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (QNB), an IC50 of 2.8 μM for opioid receptors, and IC50 values of 163 and 101 μM for spironolactone and serotonin, respectively. Harmane is a selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (with IC50 values of 0.5 μM for MAO A and 5 μM for MAO B). Harman inhibits dopamine biosynthesis by decreasing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and enhancing levodopa (L-DOPA)-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. Harmane lowers blood pressure in rats through the I1 imidazoline receptor (I1 receptor) and has antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and analgesic effects. Harmane enhances the mutagenicity induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) .
L-Cystine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Cystine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Cystine, the extracellular form of L-Cysteine (HY-Y0337), is a nutritionally dispensable semiessential sulfur-containing amino acid, occurring in proteins of plants and animals. L-Cystine induces Nrf2 protein elevation in a Keap1 (HY-P75897)-dependent manner and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-cystine can elicit cytoprotection by reducing ROS generation and protecting against oxidant- or doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. The reduced reabsorption of L-Cystine in renal tubules and its poor solubility in urine are the important causes of cystine precipitation and cystine crystal formation eventually leading to kidney stones. L-Cystine combined with L-theanine (HY-15121) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine is promising for research of cystinuria and cystinosis
Tyrosine hydroxylase protein is a key catalyst in the biosynthesis of catecholamines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, and oversees the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) , which is the critical and rate-limiting step pathway in synthesis.Tyrosine Hydroxylase Protein, Mouse (sf9, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived Tyrosine Hydroxylase protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with N-His labeled tag.
Tyrosine hydroxylase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines, catalyzing the conversion of L-tyrosine into L-dopa, which is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Tyrosine is hydroxylated using tetrahydrobiopterin and oxygen. Tyrosine Hydroxylase Protein, Human (sf9, His) is the recombinant human-derived Tyrosine Hydroxylase protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Protein, Human (sf9, His) is 496 a.a., with molecular weight of ~57.6 kDa.
IL-24 Protein, a crucial immune regulatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in modulating immune responses. Animal-Free IL-24 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-24 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-24 Protein, Mouse (His) is 155 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.94 kDa.
ZBTB7B; Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 7B; Krueppel-related zinc finger protein cKrox; hcKrox; T-helper-inducing POZ/Krueppel-like factor; Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 15; Zinc finger protein 67 homolog; Zfp-67; Zinc finger protein 857B; Zinc finger protein TH-POK
The ZBTB7B protein is a transcriptional regulator that determines the lineage commitment of T cell precursors, which is critical for the fate of CD4 and CD8 cells. Essential for CD4 commitment, its absence results in CD8 commitment. ZBTB7B Protein, Human (Sf9) is the recombinant human-derived ZBTB7B protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with tag free. The total length of ZBTB7B Protein, Human (Sf9) is 538 a.a., .
ZBTB7B; Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 7B; Krueppel-related zinc finger protein cKrox; hcKrox; T-helper-inducing POZ/Krueppel-like factor; Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 15; Zinc finger protein 67 homolog; Zfp-67; Zinc finger protein 857B; Zinc finger protein TH-POK
The ZBTB7B protein is a transcriptional regulator that determines the lineage commitment of T cell precursors, which is critical for the fate of CD4 and CD8 cells. Essential for CD4 commitment, its absence results in CD8 commitment. ZBTB7B Protein, Human (Sf9, His, Strep) is the recombinant human-derived ZBTB7B protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with N-Strep, N-8*His labeled tag. The total length of ZBTB7B Protein, Human (Sf9, His, Strep) is 538 a.a., .
Isoformononetin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Isoformononetin (HY-N7501). Isoformononetin is an analog of Daidzein (HY-N0019) and has immunoprotective effects. Isoformononetin inhibits the differentiation of Th17 and B-cells lymphopoesis to promote osteogenesis in estrogen-deficient bone loss conditions .
Fenoterol-d6 (hydrobromide) (Th-1165a-d6) is the deuterium labeled Fenoterol hydrobromide. Fenoterol hydrobromide (Th-1165a), a sympathomimetic agent, is a selective and orally active β2-adrenoceptor agonist. Fenoterol hydrobromide is an effective bronchodilator and can be used for bronchospasm associated with asthma, bronchitis and other obstructive airway diseases research[1][2].
AHR agonist 4 (compound 24e) is an agonist of Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), assocaited with the immune balance of Th17/22 and Treg cells. AHR agonist 4 serves as a lead compound for anti-psoriasis drug, alleviates imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin lesion . AHR agonist 4 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
PVP-037.2 is a TLR7/8 agonist. PVP-037.2 can serve as an adjuvant to enhance vaccine-induced TH1 type immune responses, increasing the production of antigen-specific antibodies IgG1 and IgG2c .
Ulefnersen sodium (ION363) is an Antisense Oligonucleotide (ASO) directed against the 6th intron of the fused-in sarcoma (FUS) transcript to silence FUS in a non-allele-specific manner. Ulefnersen sodium can reduce postnatal levels of FUS protein in the brain and spinal cord in disease-relevant mouse model of ALS-FUS , delaying motor neuron degeneration. Ulefnersen sodium can be used in the research of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) .
Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 1 mg/ml) is an immunoadjuvant emulsified with antigen that can enhance an animal's immune response to an antigen. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 1 mg/ml) is also an inducer of the Th1 immune response and a ligand of TLRs. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 1 mg/ml) contains heat-killed inactive tuberculosis bacilli and consists of a paraffin oil-in-water emulsion. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 1 mg/ml) stimulates a strong and durable immune response and can be used to induce rheumatoid arthritis in rats, and more .
Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is an immunoadjuvant emulsified with antigen by its discoverer Jules T. Freund to enhance an animal's immune response to an antigen. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is also an inducer of the Th1 immune response and a ligand of TLRs. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) contains heat-killed inactive tuberculosis bacilli and consists of a paraffin oil-in-water emulsion. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) stimulates a strong and durable immune response and can be used to induce persistent inflammatory pain models in mice, experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) models, and more. Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) (HY-153808A) is another type of Freund's Adjuvant that stimulates a weaker immune response .
TH Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for TH gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control.
Cobitolimod is a DNA oligonucleotide agonist of TLR-9 with anti-inflammatory activity. Cobitolimod suppresses Th17 cells and induces anti-inflammatory FoxP3 and IL-10 expression, inhibiting the IL-17 signaling pathway .
Cobitolimod sodium is a DNA oligonucleotide agonist of TLR-9 with anti-inflammatory activity. Cobitolimod sodium inhibits Th17 cells and induces anti-inflammatory FoxP3 and IL-10 expression, inhibiting the IL-17 signaling pathway .
Ulefnersen (ION363) is an Antisense Oligonucleotide (ASO) directed against the 6th intron of the fused-in sarcoma (FUS) transcript to silence FUS in a non-allele-specific manner. Ulefnersen can reduce postnatal levels of FUS protein in the brain and spinal cord in disease-relevant mouse model of ALS-FUS , delaying motor neuron degeneration. Ulefnersen can be used in the research of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) .
1,2-Dinervonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (24:1 cis PC), characterized by its two 24-carbon fatty acid chains, each featuring a cis double bond at the 15th carbon, is believed to play a role in neuronal differentiation signaling. Avanti offers a diverse range of phosphatidylcholine products, designed to exhibit various physical properties, including short-chain (C3-C8) options that are water-soluble and hygroscopic, as well as saturated, multi-unsaturated, and mixed acid variants. All products undergo HPLC purification, with stringent measures implemented to prevent oxidation and hydrolysis.
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