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MUC1, mucin core is the region of the MUC1 mucin core. MUC1 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, and is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in carcinoma cells. MUC1, mucin core protein binds to domain 1 of ICAM-1 .
Roflupram is a selective, orally active and brain-penetrant PDE4 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 26.2 nM for core catalytic domains of human PDE4. Roflupram can reverse cognitive deficits and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory factors .
HCV Core Protein (107-114) is a least immunogenic residue of the major linear HCVcore regions. HCV Core Protein (107-114) is identified as the binding site within the region 101-118, which contains two residues differing between genotypes Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Ⅲ/Ⅵ. HCV Core Protein (107-114) might be a potential site for dissemination of HCV serotypes .
AB-506 is an orally active inhibitor of HBV replication targeting the viral core protein. AB-506 can bind to HBV core protein, accelerate capsid assembly and inhibit HBV pgRNA encapsidation. AB-506 can be used in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) research .
Lacto-N-triose II is a core structural unit of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Lacto-N-triose II owns nutraceutical potentials and can be used in the production of complex HMOs .
LPRP-Et-97543 is a potent anti-HBV agent. LPRP-Et-97543 reduces Core, S, and preS but not X promoter activities. LPRP-Et-97543 can be used for acute and chronic HBV infections research .
Ro5-3335, a benzodiazepine, acts as an inhibitor of core binding factor (CBF) leukemia. Ro5-3335 is a RUNX1-CBFβ interaction inhibitor that represses RUNX1/CBFB-dependent transactivation .
Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella, are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella pneumoniae, consist of three parts: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific antigen or O-side chain. In smooth LPS, the core region is divided into two areas: the inner core near the lipid A and the outer core that provides attachment sites for the O-antigen. In the lipopolysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae, the l,d-HeppII at the O-3 position can be replaced by an α-d-galacturonic acid residue (α-d-GalpA). In most studied Enterobacteriaceae, the core LPS contains inner core phosphorylation modifications, but the core LPS of Klebsiella pneumoniae lacks this modification. The unique core structure plays an important role in the outer membrane permeability and pathogenesis of Klebsiella pneumoniae .
BA-53038B is a HBV core protein allosteric modulator (CpAM), binding to the HAP pocket and modulating HBV capsid assembly. BA-53038B has antiviral activity for hepatitis B virus (HBV) with an EC50 value of 3.32 μM. BA-53038B can be used for the research of chronic hepatitis B .
2-Methylanisole-d3 is the deuterium labeled 2-Methylanisole[1]. 2-Methylanisole is a monomethoxybenzene and acts as an intermediate for the preparation of compounds with methylhydroquinone core[2].
Retronecine ((+)-Retronecine) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid found in a variety of plants. Retronecine is the most common central core for other pyrrolizidine alkaloids .
Lauryl hydroxysultaine (LHSB), a surfactant, is comprised of a core Sultaine structure with a sulphopropyl quaternary ammonium salt, an alkyl group and a hydroxyl group .
Himastatin is a antitumor antibiotic produced by a strain of S. hygroscopicus sp. Himastatin is a dimeric cyclohexadepsipeptide containing piperazic acid and a unique central aromatic core .
Cholesteryl behenate is a cholesterol ester associated with the neutral core of low density lipoprotein Receptor-LDL complexes are taken up by lysosomes and hydrolyzed to release cholesterol from the esters.
Carburazepam is a agent which derives from benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines (BZD, BZs) are a class of psychoactive agents whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.
Fucosyltransferase 8 (EC:2.4.1.68; FUT8; α1-6FucT) is a glycosyl transferase and catalyzes the transfer of a fucose residue from GDP-fucose to the innermost N-acetylglucosamine residue of N-glycans .
Zebrafish Kisspeptin-1 is the core sequence of the neuropeptide kisspeptin-1, which participate in the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release, and regulates the reproductive system .
Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase F2 (Endo F2), a highly specific endoglycosidase, cleaves within the chitobiose core of asparagine-linked complex biantennary and high mannose oligosaccharides from glycoproteins and glycopeptides. Endo F2 cleaves biantennary glycans at a rate approximately 20 times greater than high mannose glycans. The activity of Endo F2 is identical on biantennary structures with and without core fucosylation. Endo F2 is not active on hybrid or tri- and tetra-antennary oligosaccharides .
Boc-LRR-AMC (Boc-Leu-Arg-Arg-AMC) is a fluorogenic substrate, which can be utilized for detecting the trypsin-like activity of the 26S proteasome or the 20S proteasome core .
Piperazine (1,4-Diazacyclohexane) citrate is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist . Piperazine citrate is a vital building block and is an essential core in numerous marketed agents with diverse pharmacological activities .
QTZ is a bioluminescence agent for in vivo imaging. QTZ has red-shifted emission and yields very little background. QTZ is a coelenterazine analog with the 4-quinolinyl substitution at the C8 position of the imidazopyrazinone core .
7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) is a HSP90β inhibitor and an antibiotic. 7-Aminocephalosporanic acid is the core chemical structure of the synthesis of cephalosporin antibiotics and an effective β-lactamase inhibitor .
AT-130, a phenylpropenamide derivative, is a potent hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication non-nucleoside inhibitor. AT-130 inhibits the viral DNA synthesis with an EC50 of 0.13 μM. AT-130 inhibits both wt and mutant HBVs. AT-130 has anti-HBV activity in hepatoma cells .
Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase D (Endo F3) cleaves free or Asparagine-linked triantennary oligosaccharides or α1-6 fucosylated biantennary oligosaccharides, as well as triamnnosyl chitobiose core structures .
LY 293284 is a potent and selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist. LY 293284 results in a significant drop in core temperature and consumes more food in cholestasis rat induced by bile duct resection .
Endo H, Streptomyces picatus (Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H), isolated from Streptomyces plicatus, hydrolyzes the central glycosidic bond of the β1, 4-di-N-acetylchitobiosecore in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides .
α-1,4-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4 (EC 2.4.1, A4GNT) catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to core 2 branched O-glycans and suppresses H. pylori growth .
Lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins composed of an O-specific antigen chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. The lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 have a fatty acid composition that differs from that of typical Enterobacteriaceae, with unusually high levels of phosphorylation (with detected triphosphate residues) and a unique external region of the core oligosaccharide, while the O-specific side chains are often rich in novel amino sugars. The susceptibility of Lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 to viruses is related to the high molecular weight polysaccharide content in its components. The absence of high molecular weight polysaccharides increases its sensitivity to bacteriophages .
PIP-199 is a selective inhibitor of RMI (RecQ-mediated genome instability protein) core complex/MM2 interaction, with an IC50 of 36 μM. PIP-199 can be used for the research of sensitizing resistant tumors to DNA crosslinking chemotherapeutics .
GSK-3 inhibitor 1 (compound core 3) is a GSK-3 inhibitor that induces stem/progenitor cell self-renewal (e.g. induces stem/progenitor cell proliferation while maintaining the ability to differentiate into tissue cells in the progeny) .
Nosiheptide (Multhiomycin), a thiopeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces actuosus, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and bears a unique indole side ring system and regiospecific hydroxyl groups on the characteristic macrocyclic core. Nosiheptide has been widely used as a feed additive for animal growth .
β Amyloid(17-28) human is a β-amyloid peptide (Abeta), a lipid-induced amyloid core fragment. β Amyloid(17-28) human enhances aggregation of full-length β Amyloid40, producing toxic aggregates in Alzheimer's disease (AD) .
N-acetylmuramic acid is a component of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan, essential for maintaining cell shape and integrity . N-acetylmuramic acid inhibits spore germination by inhibiting a coat-associated hexosaminidase and a core enzyme . N-acetylmuramic acid is required by Bacteroides forsythus for proliferation and the maintenance of its cell shape .
PE 22-28 is a TREK-1 inhibitor with IC50 value of 0.12 nM. PE 22-28 also is a 7 amino-acid peptide that is used as a core sequence for preparing analogs by chemical modifications and also by substitution of amino-acids. PE 22-28 can be used for the research of depression .
Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) is an enzyme that degrades glycosaminoglycan side-chains of chondroitin sulfate (CS-GAG) from the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) core protein. Chondroitinase ABC facilitates reinnervation by degrading CS-GAGs around motoneurons. Chondroitinase ABC has the potential for the research of spinal injury .
2,2'-Bipyridine is the unique molecular scaffold of the bioactive natural products. 2,2'-Bipyridine is extensively used as the core structure of many chelating ligands by acting as a bridge in the arrangement of the catalytic center. 2,2'-Bipyridine shows robust redox stability and hyperglycemic activity .
α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) is the hydrophobic core region of α-synuclein, and induces neuronal cell death. α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) can be used for research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) .
DSPE-PEG-SH, MW 5000 is a polyPEG attached DSPE molecule. The lipid tails allow formation of lipid bilayer in water and can be used to solubilize hydrophobic drugs while the hydrophilic core can encapsulate therapeutic agents, such as nuclein acid (mRNA/DNA), protein or peptide. Reagent grade, for research use only.
Boc-LRR-AMC TFA (Boc-Leu-Arg-Arg-AMC TFA) is the TFA salt form of Boc-LRR-AMC (HY-115391). Boc-LRR-AMC TFA is a fluorogenic substrate, which can be utilized for detecting the trypsin-like activity of the 26S proteasome or the 20S proteasome core .
HBT-Fl-BnB is a fluorescent probe for the ratiometric detection of ONOO - in vitro and in vivo. HBT-Fl-BnB consists of an HBT core with Fl groups at the ortho and para positions responding to the zwitterionic excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (zwitterionic ESIPT) process and a boronic acid pinacol ester with dual roles that block the zwitterionic ESIPT and recognize ONOO - .
α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) TFA is the hydrophobic core region of α-synuclein, and induces neuronal cell death. α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) TFA can be used for research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) .
Vebicorvir (ABI-H0731) is a first-generation hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein inhibitor. Vebicorvir (ABI-H0731) suppresses covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) formation in two de novo infection models with EC50s from 1.84 μM to 7.3 μM .
PF-46396 is a potent HIV-1 inhibitor with an EC50 value of 0.206 µM. PF-46396 shows antiviral activity. PF-46396 inhibits the processing of capsid (CA)/spacer peptide 1 (SP1) (p25) Gag precursor proteins and blocks maturation of the viral core particle .
trans-Chalcone, isolated from Aronia melanocarpa skin, is a biphenolic core structure of flavonoids precursor. trans-Chalcone is a potent fatty acid synthase (FAS) and α-amylase inhibitor. trans-Chalcone causes cellcycle arrest and induces apoptosis in the breastcancer cell line MCF-7. trans-Chalcone has antifungal and anticancer activity .
BAY38-7690 is a non-nucleoside inhibitor that inhibits HBV replication. BAY38-7690 inhibits viral DNA replication by preventing the formation of viral core particles (nucleocapsids). The IC50 value of BAY38-7690 against HBV in stably transfected HepG2.2.15 cells is 0.15 μM .
BAY39-5493 is a non-nucleoside inhibitor that inhibits HBV replication. BAY39-5493 inhibits viral DNA replication by preventing the formation of viral core particles (nucleocapsids). The IC50 value of BAY39-5493 against HBV in stably transfected HepG2.2.15 cells is 0.03 μM .
Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Endo S) is a family 18 glycosyl hydrolase secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes. Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Endo S) exclusively hydrolyzes the β-1,4-di-N-acetylchitobiose core of the asparagine-linked complex-type glycan on Asn-297 of the γ-chains of IgG antibody .
GSK3735967 is an selective, reversible, non-nucleoside inhibitor of DNMT1 with an IC50 value of 40 nM. GSK3735967 contains a planar dicyanopyridine core that can specifically embed DNMT1 bound hemimethylated CpG dinucleotides. GSK3735967 has three binding sites, one of which can bind to histone H4K20me3 .
TPCK (L-1-Tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone; L-TPCK) is a potent serine protease inhibitor that reacts with the retinoblastoma protein (RB)-binding core of HPV-18 E7 protein and abolish its RB-binding capability. TPCK is able to modify E7 protein in live keratinocytes following its addition to the culture medium .
ARC19499 is an aptamer that inhibits tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) , thereby enabling clot initiation and propagation via the extrinsic pathway. The core aptamer binds tightly and specifically to TFPI. ARC19499 blocks TFPI inhibition of both factor Xa and the TF/factor VIIa complex. ARC19499 corrects thrombin generation in hemophilia A and B plasma and restores clotting in FVIII-neutralized whole blood.
ARC19499 sodium is an aptamer that inhibits tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) , thereby enabling clot initiation and propagation via the extrinsic pathway. The core aptamer binds tightly and specifically to TFPI. ARC19499 sodium blocks TFPI inhibition of both factor Xa and the TF/factor VIIa complex. ARC19499 sodium corrects thrombin generation in hemophilia A and B plasma and restores clotting in FVIII-neutralized whole blood.
NPD8790 is a species selective mitochondrial respiratory complex I inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.4 µM for C. elegans complex I. NPD8790 is more selective for nematode species mitochondria than human, bovine, and mouse mitochondria. NPD8790 is an anthelmintic that kills adult soil-transmitted helminths .
GlcNAc-1-Phosphotransferase is an α2β2γ2 hexamer with core catalytic α- and β-subunits derived from GNPTAB. GlcNAc-1-Phosphotransferase catalyzes the addition of the il group of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate to the terminal mannose. Mutations in GlcNAc-1-Phosphotransferase cause lysosomal storage disorders such as mucolipidosis .
C5A is a microbicidal peptide, anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV), and anti-HIV agent. C5A disrupts the membrane integrity of the HIV virion as well as the integrity of the conical capsid core that surrounds the viral genome. C5A inhibits in vitro infectivity of a broad range of primary HIV isolates in various primary target cells. C5A protects mice against vaginal and rectal HIV challenges .
HCV Peptide (35-44), a HCV core protein at positions 35 to 44, is a HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitope. HCV Peptide (35-44) inhibits NK cell activity via two distinct mechanisms, directly via KIR2DL2/3, and synergistically via the CD94:NKG2A receptor .
Saudin, derived from Clutia lanceolata, is a hypoglycemic compound that significantly enhances glucose-triggered insulin release from murine pancreatic islets. It belongs to a group of new diterpenoids with a distinct tetracyclic core, suggesting potential as a therapeutic agent for diabetes treatment. Proposed biosynthetic pathways outline alternative cyclization routes from a common precursor, with Lanceolide P (16) identified as a promising lead compound for further development in managing diabetes .
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from Salmonella typhosa is a kind of endotoxins derived from Salmonella typhosa .
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus vulgaris is a kind of endotoxins derived from Proteus vulgaris .
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis is a kind of endotoxins derived from Proteus mirabilis .
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from P. gingivalis is a kind of endotoxins derived from P. gingivalis .
DSPE-PEG-SPDP, MW 5000 is an amphiphilic polyPEG which forms lipid bilayer in water. It can be used to encapsualte therapeutic agents. The core can encapsulate hydrophilic nutrients, such as protein/peptide and mRNA/DNA/siRNA etc. while the lipid bilayer can solubilize hydrophobic drugs, such as doxorubicin, curcumin etc. The SPDP moiety can react with thiol molecule to form a disulfide bond. Reagent grade, for research use only.
DSPE-PEG-SPDP, MW 5000 is an amphiphilic polyPEG which forms lipid bilayer in water. It can be used to encapsualte therapeutic agents. The core can encapsulate hydrophilic nutrients, such as protein/peptide and mRNA/DNA/siRNA etc. while the lipid bilayer can solubilize hydrophobic drugs, such as doxorubicin, curcumin etc. The SPDP moiety can react with thiol molecule to form a disulfide bond. Reagent grade, for research use only.
MS147 is a VHL-based PROTAC degrader of PRC1 (Polycomb Repressive Complex 1). The dissociation constants (Kd) of MS147 for EED (Embryonic Ectoderm Development) and VHL (Von Hippel-Lindau) are 3.0 μM and 450 nM, respectively. MS147 specifically binds to the EED protein through its EED-binding moiety; EED is a core component of PRC2 (Polycomb Repressive Complex 2) and interacts with the core components of PRC1, BMI1 (B-lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog) and RING1B (Ring Finger Protein 1B). By this binding, MS147 is able to recruit BMI1 and RING1B near to VHL. Through the degradation of BMI1 and RING1B, MS147 reduces the level of H2AK119ub (histone H2A lysine 119 ubiquitination), affecting the proliferation of cancer cells. (Blue: VHL ligand (HY-125845), Black: linker ; Pink: PRC1 ligand (HY-158771)) .
HS-27, a fluorescently-tethered Hsp90 inhibitor, assays surface Hsp90 expression on intact tissue specimens. HS-27 is made up of the core elements of SNX-5422, an Hsp90 inhibitor, tethered via a PEG linker to a fluorescein derivative (fluorescein isothiocyanate or FITC), that binds to ectopically expressed Hsp90. HS-27 has potential use in a see-and-treat paradigm in breast cancer .
Methoxy-X04 is a fluorescent dye that crosses the blood-brain barrier and selectively binds to beta-pleated sheets found in dense core amyloid Aβ plaques. Methoxy-X04 retains in vitro binding affinity for amyloid b (Ab) fibrils (Ki= 26.8 nM). Methoxy-X04 is fluorescent and stains plaques, tangles, and cerebrovascular amyloid in postmortem sections of AD brain with good specificity .
Lacto-N-tetraose is the significant core structure of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) naturally existing in human milk. Lacto-N-tetraose is consist of galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and glucose moieties. Lacto-N-tetraose has prebiotic effect, immune regulatory effect, anti-inflammatory effects, intestinal cell responses regulatory effect, antibacterial activity and antiviral activity. Lacto-N-tetraose has been widely added to infant formula .
Celestine Blue is a electroactive indicator in DNA biosensors. Celestine Blue is strongly adsorbed on the spinel phases and CNT (carbon nanotubes), facilitates dispersion, acts as a capping agent and allows for the fabrication of spinel decorated CNT. Celestine Blue is an efficient charge transfer mediator, which allows for significant improvement of capacitive behavior. TiO2 nanoparticles doped with Celestine Blue can be used as a label in a sandwich immunoassay for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen .
β-Amyloid (12-28) (Amyloid β-Protein (12-28)) is a peptide fragment of β-amyloid protein (β1-42). β1-42, a 42 amino acid protein , is the major component of senile plaque cores. β-Amyloid (12-28) shows aggregation properties. β-Amyloid (12-28) has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research .
Amyloid β-Protein (3-42) is the precursor of Pyr peptide. Pyroglutamate-modified Aβ (pEAβ) (3-42) is the core of the amyloid template block in Alzheimer's disease. pEAβ(3-42) accelerated the aggregation of Aβ(1-42), while Aβ(1-42) significantly slowed the primary and secondary nucleation of pEAβ(3-42) .
β Amyloid(28-35) human is a β-amyloid peptide (Abeta), a lipid-induced amyloid core fragment. β Amyloid oligomers are neurotoxic, and β Amyloid(28-35) human can interact with neuronal membranes, regulate secondary structure and neurotoxicity, and cause Alzheimer's disease. β Amyloid(28-35) human has anisotropic effects on the acidic phospholipid DPH, resulting in enhanced internal fluidity of lipid membrane bilayers .
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from S. enterica serotype abortus equi is a kind of endotoxins derived from S. enterica serotype abortus equi .
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from E. coli K-235 is a kind of endotoxins derived from E. coli K-235 .
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are specific endotoxins and one of the major components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist of three parts: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific polysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharides are powerful immune stimulants that can activate the host immune system, particularly by binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the surface of immune cells, triggering an inflammatory response. The LPS of most Salmonella serotypes has a complex O-antigen (OAg) structure, with the number of OAg units in the core polysaccharide varying between 16 and over 100 repeats. Mutations in OAg-regulating factors that alter the OAg structure can change the interaction between Salmonella and epithelial cells. Strains with long OAg have increased SPI1-T3SS effector protein translocation and invasion. Strains completely lacking OAg exhibit increased invasiveness and higher adhesiveness. This product is derived from Salmonella enterica serotype Minnesota. Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype minnesota, can be used to study host immune system activation and its role in inflammation and immune regulation .
BMVC4 is a G-quadruplex (G4) stabilizer of the human telomeric sequence d[AG3(T2AG3)3]. Screening by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed that BMVC4 is more suitable as the core molecule of G4 stabilizers than BMVC. The results showed that BMVC4-12C and BMVC4-8C3O are better candidates for G4 stabilizers and are worthy of further study. A simple and rapid screening method based on Cu2+-induced G4 unfolding can be used to find better G4 stabilizers for potential anticancer applications. CD results showed that the trivalent cations of 9-substituted BMVC derivatives are more suitable as G4 stabilizers than the divalent cations of BMVC. In addition, by monitoring the disappearance of the 291 nm CD band of human telomeres after Cu2+ addition, it was found that the core molecule of G4 stabilizer BMVC4 has better stability.
β-Amyloid (12-28) (TFA) (Amyloid β-Protein (12-28) (TFA)) is a peptide fragment of β-amyloid protein (β1-42). β1-42, a 42 amino acid protein , is the major component of senile plaque cores. β-Amyloid (12-28) (TFA) shows aggregation properties. β-Amyloid (12-28) (TFA) has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research .
KH-4-43 is an inhibitor of E3 CRL4. KH-4-43 inhibits E3 CRL4's core ligase complex and exhibits anticancer activity. KH-4-43 has a binding Kd to E3 ROC1-CUL4A CTD or the highly related ROC1-CUL1 CTD at 83 nM or 9.4 μM, respectively .
2,5-Dimethylcelecoxib is an analogue of celecoxib (HY-14398) with anticancer activity but without COX-2 inhibitory activity. 2,5-Dimethylcelecoxib exerts its anti-cancer cell proliferation effect by inhibiting the core mechanism of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. 2,5-Dimethylcelecoxib also inhibits T-cell factor-dependent transcriptional activity and inhibits expression of the Wnt/β-catenin target gene products cyclin D1 and survivin .
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 is a kind of endotoxins derived from E. coli .
BDM-2 is an IN-LEDGF allosteric inhibitor (INLAI) of HIV-1integrase (IN refers to integrase) (IC50=47 nM) with potent anti-Retroviral (ARV) activity. BDM-2 shows IN multimerization activation effect with an AC50 value of 20 nM. BDM-2 blocks the interaction between the catalytic core domain of IN (IN-CCD) and the Integrase binding domain of LEDGF/p75 (IBD), with an IC50 value of 0.15 μM. BDM-2 exhibits highly selective and favorable cytotoxicity .
GPI-1046 is a immunophilin ligand without antibiotic action and attenuates ethanol intake in part through the upregulation of glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) in PFC and NAc-core. GPI-1046 is an analog of FK506, which is an immunophilin ligand that has been shown neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disease models . GPI-1046 readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and promotes the regeneration of dopamine (DA) cells in the CNS in association with functional recovery in rodent models . GPI-1046 improves HIV-associated injury of peripheral nerves .
Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O26:B6 is a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin and TLR-4 activator that activates the disease-related molecular pattern (PAMP) of the immune system and induces cell secretion of migratory bodies. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O26:B6 consists of an antigen-specific O-chain, some cells lack an O-antigen-side chain, and is recognized by the core-specific monoclonal antibody MAb J8-4C10 .
RXP470.1 (RXP-470) is a potent, selective MMP-12 inhibitor with a Ki of 0.2 nM against human MMP-12. RXP470.1 is 2 to 4 orders of magnitude less potent against other MMPs. RXP470.1 significantly reduces atherosclerotic plaque cross-sectional area in mouse. RXP470.1 results in less complex plaques with increased smooth muscle cell:macrophage ratio, less macrophage apoptosis, increased cap thickness, smaller necrotic cores, and decreased incidence of calcification .
F-14512 is a targeted cytotoxic compound that utilizes the polyamine transport system (PTS) to selectively deliver polyamine-containing drugs to cancer cells. F-14512 combines an epipodophyllotoxin core that targets topoisomerase II with a spermine group that acts as a cell delivery vehicle, with improved selectivity for tumor cells. F-14512 exhibits significant cytotoxicity against cells with high PTS activity and demonstrates high potency in multiple human cell lines (median IC50=0.18 μM). In the MX1 breast tumor xenograft model, F-14512 exhibits potent antitumor activity .
Lipopolysaccharides, from S. marcescens, are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins that can activate pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) in the immune system and induce the secretion of exosomes by cells. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and consist of an O-specific antigen chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from S. marcescens, induce the activation of NF-κB in mouse cells through Toll-like receptor (TLR4)/MD-2. Lipopolysaccharides from S. marcescens can also induce apoptosis in host immune cellsS. marcescens .
Kartogenin (KGN) is an inducer of chondrogenic tissue formation (EC50: 100 nM). Kartogenin induces chondrogenesis by binding to fibrin A, disrupting its interaction with the transcription factor core binding factor beta subunit (CBFβ), and by modulating the CBFβ-RUNX1 transcriptional program. Kartogenin also promotes tendon-bone junction (TBJ) wound healing by stimulating collagen synthesis. Kartogenin is widely used in cell-free therapy in the field of regeneration for cartilage regeneration and protection, tendon-bone healing, wound healing and limb development. Kartogenin promotes cartilage repair, coordinates limb development, and is also used in osteoarthritis (OA) research .
Kartogenin (KGN) sodium is an inducer of chondrogenic tissue formation (EC50: 100 nM). Kartogenin sodium induces chondrogenesis by binding to fibrin A, disrupting its interaction with the transcription factor core binding factor beta subunit (CBFβ), and by modulating the CBFβ-RUNX1 transcriptional program. Kartogenin sodium also promotes tendon-bone junction (TBJ) wound healing by stimulating collagen synthesis. Kartogenin sodium is widely used in cell-free therapy in the field of regeneration for cartilage regeneration and protection, tendon-bone healing, wound healing and limb development. Kartogenin sodium promotes cartilage repair, coordinates limb development, and is also used in osteoarthritis (OA) research .
Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 is an endotoxin extracted from E. coli O55:B5, consisting of an antigen-specific chain, A core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 activates TLR-4 of immune cells. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 can induce the change of body temperature in rats with dose and serotype specificity. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 caused a heterogeneous and dose-independent increase in body temperature in rats .
PF-07238025 is a BCKDC kinase (BDK) inhibitor (EC50=19 nM). PF-07238025 stabilizes the interaction between BDK and BCKDH core subunit E2 and prevents phosphorylation of E1. While BDK mediates branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) phosphorylation, and inhibition of BCKDH is involved in controlling the rate-limiting step of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation. Impaired BCAA catabolism has been associated with several diseases, particularly cardiometabolic diseases, including heart failure (HF), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and obesity. PF-07238025 improved cardiometabolic endpoints and improves glucose tolerance in mice .
PF-07247685 is a BCKDC kinase (BDK) inhibitor (EC50=2.2 nM). PF-07247685 stabilizes the interaction between BDK and BCKDH core subunit E2 and prevents phosphorylation of E1. While BDK mediates branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) phosphorylation, and inhibition of BCKDH is involved in controlling the rate-limiting step of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation. Impaired BCAA catabolism has been associated with several diseases, particularly cardiometabolic diseases, including heart failure (HF), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and obesity. PF-07247685 improved cardiometabolic endpoints and improves glucose tolerance in mice .
Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype typhimurium, are a kind of lipid-polysaccharide endotoxin. Smooth Gram-negative bacteria's lipopolysaccharides are made up of three components: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O antigen (OAg). The O antigen is a polymer of sugar repeat units (RUs); the Wzz protein regulates the length of the O antigen in lipopolysaccharides, and the number of RUs attached to lipid A is determined by the modal value set by the Wzz protein. S. enterica typhimurium has two Wzz proteins: WzzST (which makes the modal range of the O antigen between 16 and 35 RUs) and WzzfepE (which makes the modal value over 100 RUs). Mutating the genes corresponding to these two proteins causes the formation of short-chain O antigen chains and significantly reduces bacterial pathogenicity .
Meso-tetraphenylchlorin (TPCS2a) is a photosensitizer with poor water solubility, which limits its use in the blood circulation. However, TPCS2a@NPs nanoparticles can be prepared based on polylactic-co-polyethylene glycol acid (PLGA) polymer core loaded with TPCS2. Such nanoparticles can be coated with mesenchymal stem cell-derived plasma membranes (mMSCs) to form mMSC-TPCS2a@NPs, which prolongs blood circulation time and improves tumor targeting ability. Compared with uncoated TPCS2a@NPs, mMSC-TPCS2a@NPs can reduce macrophage uptake by 54% to 70% under different conditions. Both nanoparticle forms are effectively accumulated in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, while uptake in normal breast epithelial cells MCF10A is significantly lower .
Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 is a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin from E. coli O127:B8 and TLR-4 activator, Activates disease-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induces cell secretion of migratory bodies. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 consists of an antigen-specific O-chain, A core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 can induce changes in body temperature in rats and is dose and serotype specific. High dose of Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 can cause a double change of body temperature in rats, that is, hypothermia followed by fever. In addition, Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 can induce inflammation and inhibit reproduction, and can significantly increase the mitotic activity of mollusks .
UORSY New Generation Screening Library contains about 1,900,000 compounds. The library is a revolutionary collection of lead-like molecules with outstanding structural quality and diversity—New Generation Screening Library (NGSL). Its core is decorated with interesting building blocks, including important medicinal fragments such as peptide bonds, amino groups and hydroxyl groups. and designed for discovery of new Voltage-gated calcium channel blockers.
Natural products are an attractive source with varied structures that exhibit potent biological activities, and desirable pharmacological profiles. The core scaffold of a natural product can also provide a biologically validated framework upon which to display diverse functional groups. Inspired by bioactive natural products, natural product-like compounds, occupying the same chemical space, are ideally suited to explore and to facilitate understanding of biological pathways.
MCE provides a unique collection of 634 natural product-like compounds that are structurally like Steroids, Tannins, Flavonoids, Quinones, Isoquinolines, etc. This library is an important source of lead compounds for drug discovery.
Natural products are an attractive source with varied structures that exhibit potent biological activities, and desirable pharmacological profiles. The core scaffold of a natural product can also provide a biologically validated framework upon which to display diverse functional groups. Inspired by bioactive natural products, natural product-like compounds, occupying the same chemical space, are ideally suited to explore and to facilitate understanding of biological pathways.
MCE 10K Natural Product-like Compound Library consists of 10,000 natural product-like compounds. Each compound has scaffold of natural products or Tanimoto coefficient >0.6 with natural products. The natural-likeness scoring of these compounds is >-2. What’s more, compounds in the library are drug-like and readily available for re-supply, making it a powerful tool for new drug research and development. It can be widely applied in high-throughput screening (HTS) and high-content screening (HCS).
Methoxy-X04 is a fluorescent dye that crosses the blood-brain barrier and selectively binds to beta-pleated sheets found in dense core amyloid Aβ plaques. Methoxy-X04 retains in vitro binding affinity for amyloid b (Ab) fibrils (Ki= 26.8 nM). Methoxy-X04 is fluorescent and stains plaques, tangles, and cerebrovascular amyloid in postmortem sections of AD brain with good specificity .
Celestine Blue is a electroactive indicator in DNA biosensors. Celestine Blue is strongly adsorbed on the spinel phases and CNT (carbon nanotubes), facilitates dispersion, acts as a capping agent and allows for the fabrication of spinel decorated CNT. Celestine Blue is an efficient charge transfer mediator, which allows for significant improvement of capacitive behavior. TiO2 nanoparticles doped with Celestine Blue can be used as a label in a sandwich immunoassay for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen .
HBT-Fl-BnB is a fluorescent probe for the ratiometric detection of ONOO - in vitro and in vivo. HBT-Fl-BnB consists of an HBT core with Fl groups at the ortho and para positions responding to the zwitterionic excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (zwitterionic ESIPT) process and a boronic acid pinacol ester with dual roles that block the zwitterionic ESIPT and recognize ONOO - .
Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella, are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella pneumoniae, consist of three parts: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific antigen or O-side chain. In smooth LPS, the core region is divided into two areas: the inner core near the lipid A and the outer core that provides attachment sites for the O-antigen. In the lipopolysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae, the l,d-HeppII at the O-3 position can be replaced by an α-d-galacturonic acid residue (α-d-GalpA). In most studied Enterobacteriaceae, the core LPS contains inner core phosphorylation modifications, but the core LPS of Klebsiella pneumoniae lacks this modification. The unique core structure plays an important role in the outer membrane permeability and pathogenesis of Klebsiella pneumoniae .
Core 1 O-glycan (C1) is an important O-linked glycan with core structure 1 (MUC1-M). Core 1 O-glycan (C1), 2AB labeled is related to sialylation and participates in life activities including cell recognition, protection, immune regulation and disease markers .
Core 1 O-glycan (C1), 2AB labeled is a 2AB (2-aminobenzamide) labeled O-linked glycan with core structure 1 (MUC1-M). Core 1 O-glycan (C1), 2AB labeled is related to sialylation and participates in life activities including cell recognition, protection, immune regulation and disease markers .
Disialylated Core 2 O-glycan (C2S(3,3)2), 2-AB labeled is a 2-AB (2-aminobenzamide) labeled O-linked glycan with core structure 2. Disialylated Core 2 O-glycan (C2S(3,3)2), 2-AB labeled is related to sialylation and participates in life activities including cell recognition, protection, immune regulation and disease markers .
Disialylated Core 1 O-glycan (C1S(3,6)2), 2-AB labeled is a disialylated, 2-AB (2-aminobenzamide) labeled O-linked glycan with core structure 1 (MUC1-M). Disialylated Core 1 O-glycan (C1S(3,6)2), 2-AB labeled is related to sialylation and participates in life activities including cell recognition, protection, immune regulation and disease markers .
Sialylated Core 1 O-glycan (C1S(3)1) () is a N-polysaccharide protein and a multifunctional fluorescent linker. The resulting conjugates exhibit high sensitivity and specificity by mimicking the antennal elements of N-glycans .
Sialylated Core 1 O-glycan (C1S(3)1), 2AB labelled () is a N-polysaccharide protein and a multifunctional fluorescent linker. The resulting conjugates exhibit high sensitivity and specificity by mimicking the antennal elements of N-glycans .
Lauryl hydroxysultaine (LHSB), a surfactant, is comprised of a core Sultaine structure with a sulphopropyl quaternary ammonium salt, an alkyl group and a hydroxyl group .
Fucosyltransferase 8 (EC:2.4.1.68; FUT8; α1-6FucT) is a glycosyl transferase and catalyzes the transfer of a fucose residue from GDP-fucose to the innermost N-acetylglucosamine residue of N-glycans .
N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (EC:2.4.1.144 MGAT3) transfers a GlcNAc residue to the beta-linked mannose of the trimannosyl core of N-linked oligosaccharides and produces a bisecting GlcNAc .
α-1,4-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4 (EC 2.4.1, A4GNT) catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to core 2 branched O-glycans and suppresses H. pylori growth .
Lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins composed of an O-specific antigen chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. The lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 have a fatty acid composition that differs from that of typical Enterobacteriaceae, with unusually high levels of phosphorylation (with detected triphosphate residues) and a unique external region of the core oligosaccharide, while the O-specific side chains are often rich in novel amino sugars. The susceptibility of Lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 to viruses is related to the high molecular weight polysaccharide content in its components. The absence of high molecular weight polysaccharides increases its sensitivity to bacteriophages .
N-acetylmuramic acid is a component of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan, essential for maintaining cell shape and integrity . N-acetylmuramic acid inhibits spore germination by inhibiting a coat-associated hexosaminidase and a core enzyme . N-acetylmuramic acid is required by Bacteroides forsythus for proliferation and the maintenance of its cell shape .
Glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) Transferase 1 ( EC:2.4.1.102, GCNT1) is essential to the formation of Gal beta 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-6)GalNAc structures and the core 2 O-glycan branch and play an important role in cancer .
DSPE-PEG-SH, MW 5000 is a polyPEG attached DSPE molecule. The lipid tails allow formation of lipid bilayer in water and can be used to solubilize hydrophobic drugs while the hydrophilic core can encapsulate therapeutic agents, such as nuclein acid (mRNA/DNA), protein or peptide. Reagent grade, for research use only.
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from Salmonella typhosa is a kind of endotoxins derived from Salmonella typhosa .
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus vulgaris is a kind of endotoxins derived from Proteus vulgaris .
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis is a kind of endotoxins derived from Proteus mirabilis .
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from P. gingivalis is a kind of endotoxins derived from P. gingivalis .
DSPE-PEG-SPDP, MW 5000 is an amphiphilic polyPEG which forms lipid bilayer in water. It can be used to encapsualte therapeutic agents. The core can encapsulate hydrophilic nutrients, such as protein/peptide and mRNA/DNA/siRNA etc. while the lipid bilayer can solubilize hydrophobic drugs, such as doxorubicin, curcumin etc. The SPDP moiety can react with thiol molecule to form a disulfide bond. Reagent grade, for research use only.
DSPE-PEG-SPDP, MW 5000 is an amphiphilic polyPEG which forms lipid bilayer in water. It can be used to encapsualte therapeutic agents. The core can encapsulate hydrophilic nutrients, such as protein/peptide and mRNA/DNA/siRNA etc. while the lipid bilayer can solubilize hydrophobic drugs, such as doxorubicin, curcumin etc. The SPDP moiety can react with thiol molecule to form a disulfide bond. Reagent grade, for research use only.
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from S. enterica serotype abortus equi is a kind of endotoxins derived from S. enterica serotype abortus equi .
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from E. coli K-235 is a kind of endotoxins derived from E. coli K-235 .
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are specific endotoxins and one of the major components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist of three parts: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific polysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharides are powerful immune stimulants that can activate the host immune system, particularly by binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the surface of immune cells, triggering an inflammatory response. The LPS of most Salmonella serotypes has a complex O-antigen (OAg) structure, with the number of OAg units in the core polysaccharide varying between 16 and over 100 repeats. Mutations in OAg-regulating factors that alter the OAg structure can change the interaction between Salmonella and epithelial cells. Strains with long OAg have increased SPI1-T3SS effector protein translocation and invasion. Strains completely lacking OAg exhibit increased invasiveness and higher adhesiveness. This product is derived from Salmonella enterica serotype Minnesota. Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype minnesota, can be used to study host immune system activation and its role in inflammation and immune regulation .
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 is a kind of endotoxins derived from E. coli .
Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O26:B6 is a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin and TLR-4 activator that activates the disease-related molecular pattern (PAMP) of the immune system and induces cell secretion of migratory bodies. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O26:B6 consists of an antigen-specific O-chain, some cells lack an O-antigen-side chain, and is recognized by the core-specific monoclonal antibody MAb J8-4C10 .
Lipopolysaccharides, from S. marcescens, are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins that can activate pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) in the immune system and induce the secretion of exosomes by cells. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and consist of an O-specific antigen chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from S. marcescens, induce the activation of NF-κB in mouse cells through Toll-like receptor (TLR4)/MD-2. Lipopolysaccharides from S. marcescens can also induce apoptosis in host immune cellsS. marcescens .
Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 is an endotoxin extracted from E. coli O55:B5, consisting of an antigen-specific chain, A core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 activates TLR-4 of immune cells. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 can induce the change of body temperature in rats with dose and serotype specificity. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 caused a heterogeneous and dose-independent increase in body temperature in rats .
Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype typhimurium, are a kind of lipid-polysaccharide endotoxin. Smooth Gram-negative bacteria's lipopolysaccharides are made up of three components: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O antigen (OAg). The O antigen is a polymer of sugar repeat units (RUs); the Wzz protein regulates the length of the O antigen in lipopolysaccharides, and the number of RUs attached to lipid A is determined by the modal value set by the Wzz protein. S. enterica typhimurium has two Wzz proteins: WzzST (which makes the modal range of the O antigen between 16 and 35 RUs) and WzzfepE (which makes the modal value over 100 RUs). Mutating the genes corresponding to these two proteins causes the formation of short-chain O antigen chains and significantly reduces bacterial pathogenicity .
Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 is a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin from E. coli O127:B8 and TLR-4 activator, Activates disease-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induces cell secretion of migratory bodies. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 consists of an antigen-specific O-chain, A core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 can induce changes in body temperature in rats and is dose and serotype specific. High dose of Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 can cause a double change of body temperature in rats, that is, hypothermia followed by fever. In addition, Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 can induce inflammation and inhibit reproduction, and can significantly increase the mitotic activity of mollusks .
MUC1, mucin core is the region of the MUC1 mucin core. MUC1 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, and is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in carcinoma cells. MUC1, mucin core protein binds to domain 1 of ICAM-1 .
HCV Core Protein (107-114) is a least immunogenic residue of the major linear HCVcore regions. HCV Core Protein (107-114) is identified as the binding site within the region 101-118, which contains two residues differing between genotypes Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Ⅲ/Ⅵ. HCV Core Protein (107-114) might be a potential site for dissemination of HCV serotypes .
Serylleucine is a dipeptide. Serylleucine's core 1 o-glycosylated peptide (SLC1G) can be detected in urine as a metabolite and is a biomarker in TB studies .
Dby HY Peptide (608-622), mouse is a biological active peptide. (Dby HY Peptide, NAGFNSNRANSSRSS, is a HYAb epitope belonging to a well-conserved family of genes coding for known or putative RNA helicases and containing a core sequence with a DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box peptide motif, hence the name Dby (Dead box RNA helicase Y). The single Phenylalanine in the sequence serves as the anchor point while FNSNRANSS most likely is the “core” sequence of this HYAb epitope.)
Zebrafish Kisspeptin-1 is the core sequence of the neuropeptide kisspeptin-1, which participate in the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release, and regulates the reproductive system .
WEYIPNV is a ligand for SurA, specifically binding to the P1 domain of SurA (Kd: 1-14 μM). The binding of WEYIPNV promotes the release of the P1 domain from the core domain .
Boc-LRR-AMC (Boc-Leu-Arg-Arg-AMC) is a fluorogenic substrate, which can be utilized for detecting the trypsin-like activity of the 26S proteasome or the 20S proteasome core .
β Amyloid(17-28) human is a β-amyloid peptide (Abeta), a lipid-induced amyloid core fragment. β Amyloid(17-28) human enhances aggregation of full-length β Amyloid40, producing toxic aggregates in Alzheimer's disease (AD) .
PE 22-28 is a TREK-1 inhibitor with IC50 value of 0.12 nM. PE 22-28 also is a 7 amino-acid peptide that is used as a core sequence for preparing analogs by chemical modifications and also by substitution of amino-acids. PE 22-28 can be used for the research of depression .
α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) is the hydrophobic core region of α-synuclein, and induces neuronal cell death. α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) can be used for research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) .
Amylin (1-13) (human) is a fragment and a residues within amyloid cores of Amylin (human IAPP). Amylin is a glucose-regulating hormone, deposits as amyloid fibrils in condition of type II diabetes (T2D). Amylin (1-13) (human) has no effect on firbl formation, as it cannot form fibrils by itself .
Boc-LRR-AMC TFA (Boc-Leu-Arg-Arg-AMC TFA) is the TFA salt form of Boc-LRR-AMC (HY-115391). Boc-LRR-AMC TFA is a fluorogenic substrate, which can be utilized for detecting the trypsin-like activity of the 26S proteasome or the 20S proteasome core .
α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) TFA is the hydrophobic core region of α-synuclein, and induces neuronal cell death. α-Synuclein (61-95) (human) TFA can be used for research of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) .
C5A is a microbicidal peptide, anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV), and anti-HIV agent. C5A disrupts the membrane integrity of the HIV virion as well as the integrity of the conical capsid core that surrounds the viral genome. C5A inhibits in vitro infectivity of a broad range of primary HIV isolates in various primary target cells. C5A protects mice against vaginal and rectal HIV challenges .
HCV Peptide (35-44), a HCV core protein at positions 35 to 44, is a HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitope. HCV Peptide (35-44) inhibits NK cell activity via two distinct mechanisms, directly via KIR2DL2/3, and synergistically via the CD94:NKG2A receptor .
β-Amyloid (12-28) (Amyloid β-Protein (12-28)) is a peptide fragment of β-amyloid protein (β1-42). β1-42, a 42 amino acid protein , is the major component of senile plaque cores. β-Amyloid (12-28) shows aggregation properties. β-Amyloid (12-28) has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research .
Amyloid β-Protein (3-42) is the precursor of Pyr peptide. Pyroglutamate-modified Aβ (pEAβ) (3-42) is the core of the amyloid template block in Alzheimer's disease. pEAβ(3-42) accelerated the aggregation of Aβ(1-42), while Aβ(1-42) significantly slowed the primary and secondary nucleation of pEAβ(3-42) .
β Amyloid(28-35) human is a β-amyloid peptide (Abeta), a lipid-induced amyloid core fragment. β Amyloid oligomers are neurotoxic, and β Amyloid(28-35) human can interact with neuronal membranes, regulate secondary structure and neurotoxicity, and cause Alzheimer's disease. β Amyloid(28-35) human has anisotropic effects on the acidic phospholipid DPH, resulting in enhanced internal fluidity of lipid membrane bilayers .
NF(N-Me)GA(N-Me)IL is a biological active peptide. (This amino acids 22 to 27 fragment is a modification of the human islet amyloid polypeptide hIAPP (NFGAIL) with N-methylation of the amide bonds at G24 and I26. The introduction of two N-methyl rests in the amyloid-core-containing sequence NFGAIL converts this amyloidogenic and cytotoxic sequence into non-amyloidogenic and non-cytotoxic peptide. The peptide is able to bind with high-affinity full-length hIAPP and to inhibit its fibrillogenesis.)
β-Amyloid (12-28) (TFA) (Amyloid β-Protein (12-28) (TFA)) is a peptide fragment of β-amyloid protein (β1-42). β1-42, a 42 amino acid protein , is the major component of senile plaque cores. β-Amyloid (12-28) (TFA) shows aggregation properties. β-Amyloid (12-28) (TFA) has the potential for Alzheimer’s disease research .
Pip6a is an arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide. Pip6a has the ability to deliver associated cargoes across the plasma and endosomal membranes and is stable to serum proteolysis. Pip6a is composed of a hydrophobic core region flanked on each side by arginine-rich domains containing β-alanine and aminohexanoyl spacers. Pip6a-conjugated morpholino phosphorodiamidate oligomer (PMO) dramatically enhanced antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) delivery into striated muscles of myotonic dystrophy (DM1) mice .
Cholesteryl behenate is a cholesterol ester associated with the neutral core of low density lipoprotein Receptor-LDL complexes are taken up by lysosomes and hydrolyzed to release cholesterol from the esters.
7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) is a HSP90β inhibitor and an antibiotic. 7-Aminocephalosporanic acid is the core chemical structure of the synthesis of cephalosporin antibiotics and an effective β-lactamase inhibitor .
Nosiheptide (Multhiomycin), a thiopeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces actuosus, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and bears a unique indole side ring system and regiospecific hydroxyl groups on the characteristic macrocyclic core. Nosiheptide has been widely used as a feed additive for animal growth .
trans-Chalcone, isolated from Aronia melanocarpa skin, is a biphenolic core structure of flavonoids precursor. trans-Chalcone is a potent fatty acid synthase (FAS) and α-amylase inhibitor. trans-Chalcone causes cellcycle arrest and induces apoptosis in the breastcancer cell line MCF-7. trans-Chalcone has antifungal and anticancer activity .
Lacto-N-triose II is a core structural unit of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Lacto-N-triose II owns nutraceutical potentials and can be used in the production of complex HMOs .
LPRP-Et-97543 is a potent anti-HBV agent. LPRP-Et-97543 reduces Core, S, and preS but not X promoter activities. LPRP-Et-97543 can be used for acute and chronic HBV infections research .
Retronecine ((+)-Retronecine) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid found in a variety of plants. Retronecine is the most common central core for other pyrrolizidine alkaloids .
Himastatin is a antitumor antibiotic produced by a strain of S. hygroscopicus sp. Himastatin is a dimeric cyclohexadepsipeptide containing piperazic acid and a unique central aromatic core .
Saudin, derived from Clutia lanceolata, is a hypoglycemic compound that significantly enhances glucose-triggered insulin release from murine pancreatic islets. It belongs to a group of new diterpenoids with a distinct tetracyclic core, suggesting potential as a therapeutic agent for diabetes treatment. Proposed biosynthetic pathways outline alternative cyclization routes from a common precursor, with Lanceolide P (16) identified as a promising lead compound for further development in managing diabetes .
Lacto-N-tetraose is the significant core structure of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) naturally existing in human milk. Lacto-N-tetraose is consist of galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and glucose moieties. Lacto-N-tetraose has prebiotic effect, immune regulatory effect, anti-inflammatory effects, intestinal cell responses regulatory effect, antibacterial activity and antiviral activity. Lacto-N-tetraose has been widely added to infant formula .
Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 is an endotoxin extracted from E. coli O55:B5, consisting of an antigen-specific chain, A core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 activates TLR-4 of immune cells. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 can induce the change of body temperature in rats with dose and serotype specificity. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 caused a heterogeneous and dose-independent increase in body temperature in rats .
PF-07238025 is a BCKDC kinase (BDK) inhibitor (EC50=19 nM). PF-07238025 stabilizes the interaction between BDK and BCKDH core subunit E2 and prevents phosphorylation of E1. While BDK mediates branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) phosphorylation, and inhibition of BCKDH is involved in controlling the rate-limiting step of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation. Impaired BCAA catabolism has been associated with several diseases, particularly cardiometabolic diseases, including heart failure (HF), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and obesity. PF-07238025 improved cardiometabolic endpoints and improves glucose tolerance in mice .
CBFB, forming the heterodimeric complex core-binding factor (CBF) with RUNX family proteins, enhances the DNA-binding capacity of RUNX members like RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3. The heterodimers bind to specific sites in enhancers and promoters, modulating transcription of target genes. CBFB complexes repress ZBTB7B during CD8+ T cell development, acting as a transcriptional silencer and facilitating cytotoxic T cell differentiation. Interactions occur with COPRS and PRMT5 in complexes with RUNX1. CBFB Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived CBFB protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of CBFB Protein, Human (His) is 181 a.a., with molecular weight of ~25 kDa.
Capsid proteins play a key role in the assembly of icosahedral capsids, forming T=4 and T=3 particles. Transported along microtubules to the nucleus, its phosphorylation exposes a nuclear localization signal that promotes binding to nuclear pore complexes via α and β import. Capsid protein, Hepatitis B Virus (His) is the recombinant Virus-derived Capsid protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Capsid protein, Hepatitis B Virus (His) is 149 a.a., with molecular weight of ~17.67 kDa.
KLF6 Protein, a transcriptional activator, binds GC box motifs and may contribute to B-cell growth and development. It interacts with ZZEF1. KLF6 Protein, Human is the recombinant human-derived KLF6 protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of KLF6 Protein, Human is 109 a.a., with molecular weight of ~16.0 kDa.
Serine (SRGN) is essential for the formation of mast cell secretory granules and the storage of various compounds. It plays a crucial role in the storage of proteases in mast cells, including granzyme B in T lymphocytes, and contributes to the localization of neutrophil elastase. Serglycin/SRGN Protein, Human (HEK293, His-Myc) is the recombinant human-derived Serglycin/SRGN protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His, C-Myc labeled tag.
BCAN Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is a recombinant human brevican core protein produced in HEK293 cells. In the adult brain, the brevican core protein undergoes proteolytic cleavage and exists as a 145-kDa full-length form and an 80-kDa C-terminal fragment.
SDC4 protein is a cell surface proteoglycan that cooperates with SDCBP and PDCD6IP to regulate exosome biogenesis.SDC4 exists as a homodimer and engages in important interactions with various intracellular partners.SDC4 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived SDC4 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag.
SDC4 protein is a cell surface proteoglycan that cooperates with SDCBP and PDCD6IP to regulate exosome biogenesis.SDC4 exists as a homodimer and engages in important interactions with various intracellular partners.SDC4 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, Fc) is the recombinant mouse-derived SDC4 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag.
B3GNT6 protein is an important β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, which is essential for the synthesis of O-glycan core 3 structure, and O-glycan is required for mucin-type glycoprotein biosynthesis. Required. B3GNT6 plays a critical role in digestive organs and contributes significantly to the structural diversity and functional properties of glycoconjugates. B3GNT6 Protein, Human (sf9, His) is the recombinant human-derived B3GNT6 protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with N-His labeled tag.
Versican Isoform V3 Protein, involved in intercellular signaling, connects cells to the extracellular matrix, regulating cell motility, growth, and differentiation. It binds hyaluronic acid and interacts with FBLN1. Versican Isoform V0 Protein, Human (His, B2M, Myc) is the recombinant human-derived Versican Isoform V0, expressed by E. coli , with N-B2M, C-Myc, N-10*His labeled tag. ,
CD164 is a sialylamucin that may play a key role in the hematopoietic process, promoting CD34(+) cell adhesion while negatively regulating CD34(+)CD38(lo/-) cell proliferation. It regulates cord blood CD133+ cell migration through the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and is associated with prostate cancer metastasis and bone marrow invasion. CD164 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived CD164 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag.
CD164 Protein, a sialomucin, crucially influences hematopoiesis and cell adhesion. It enhances myogenesis by positively regulating myoblast migration and promoting the fusion of myoblasts into myotubes through interactions with CXCR4. This highlights CD164's significant role in various cellular activities related to muscle development and function. CD164 Protein, Rat (HEK293, Fc) is the recombinant rat-derived CD164 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag.
CD164 Protein, a sialomucin, potentially plays a pivotal role in hematopoiesis, facilitating CD34+ cell adhesion while negatively regulating CD34+ cell proliferation. CD164 Protein, Cynomolgus (HEK293, Fc) is the recombinant cynomolgus-derived CD164 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag. The total length of CD164 Protein, Cynomolgus (HEK293, Fc) is 163 a.a., with molecular weight of 75-110 KDa.
HE4/WFDC2 protein is a disulfide-bonded homotrimer serving as a broad range protease inhibitor. HE4/WFDC2 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived HE4/WFDC2 protein, expressed by HEK293, with C-His labeled tag. The total length of HE4/WFDC2 Protein, Mouse (HEK293, His) is 149 a.a., with molecular weight of ~23-30 kDa.
HE4/WFDC2 protein acts as a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor and may affect a variety of cellular processes. Its effect on sperm maturation suggests its role in reproductive mechanisms. HE4/WFDC2 Protein, Canine (HEK293, Fc) is the recombinant canine-derived HE4/WFDC2 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag. The total length of HE4/WFDC2 Protein, Canine (HEK293, Fc) is 97 a.a., with molecular weight of ~43-50 kDa.
Syndecan-2 Protein is a transmembrane (type I) heparan sulfate proteoglycan and is a member of the syndecan proteoglycan family. Syndecan-2 functions as an integral membrane protein and participates in cell proliferation, cell migration and cell-matrix interactions via its receptor for extracellular matrix proteins. Syndecan-2 is necessary for tumor angiogenesis that facilitates tumor growth and metastasis. Syndecan-2 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived Syndecan-2 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of Syndecan-2 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 126 a.a., with molecular weight of 25-40 kDa.
Studies have proven that Syndecan-4 protein is a cell surface proteoglycan that cooperates with SDCBP and PDCD6IP to play a key role in regulating exosome biogenesis. Syndecan-4 functions as a homodimer and interacts with various intracellular partners through its cytoplasmic domain. Syndecan-4 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived Syndecan-4 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag.
The HNRNPA1 protein is complexly involved in multiple RNA processing functions, packaging pre-mRNA into hnRNP particles, promoting Poly(A) mRNA transport, and regulating splice site selection. Crucially, it binds inhibitoryly to sequences flanking PKM exon 9, favoring the inclusion of exon 10 in pyruvate kinase PKM splicing, thereby generating the PKM M2 isoform. HNRNPA1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived HNRNPA1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
The HE4/WFDC2 protein is a homotrimeric broad-spectrum protease inhibitor that regulates food intake, energy expenditure, and body weight in response to metabolic and toxin-induced stress. As a brainstem-restricted receptor, it binds to GDF15 and interacts with RET, activating MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. HE4/WFDC2 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived HE4/WFDC2 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of HE4/WFDC2 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 94 a.a., with molecular weight of 18-22 kDa.
Elafin/Trappin-2, a skin-specific inhibitor of neutrophil and pancreatic elastase, safeguards tissues against elastase-mediated proteolysis. Its inhibitory range extends to the alpha-4-beta-2/CHRNA2-CHRNB2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Elafin/Trappin-2 also weakly inhibits Kv11.1/KCNH2/ERG1 and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), as reported in studies. Elafin/Trappin-2 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived Elafin/Trappin-2 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of Elafin/Trappin-2 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 95 a.a., with molecular weight of 13-15 kDa.
2-Methylanisole-d3 is the deuterium labeled 2-Methylanisole[1]. 2-Methylanisole is a monomethoxybenzene and acts as an intermediate for the preparation of compounds with methylhydroquinone core[2].
ACAN Antibody is an unconjugated, rabbit-derived, anti-ACAN monoclonal antibody. ACAN Antibody can be used for:IHC-P expriments in human background without labeling.
Versican Core Protein Antibody (YA1534) is a rabbit-derived non-conjugated IgG antibody (Clone NO.: YA1534), targeting Versican Core Protein, with a predicted molecular weight of 373 kDa (observed band size: 373 kDa). Versican Core Protein Antibody (YA1534) can be used for WB, IHC-P experiment in human, mouse, rat background.
HBcAg Antibody (YA910) is an unconjugated, mouse-derived, anti-HBcAg (YA910) monoclonal antibody. HBcAg Antibody (YA910) can be used for: IHC-P expriments in human background without labeling.
core protein II; QCR2; mitochondrial; Ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase core protein II; UQCR2; Uqcrc2
WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF, IP, FC
Human, Mouse, Rat
Complex III Subunit 2 Antibody (YA1929) is a rabbit-derived non-conjugated IgG antibody (Clone NO.: YA1929), targeting Complex III Subunit 2, with a predicted molecular weight of 48 kDa (observed band size: 48 kDa). Complex III Subunit 2 Antibody (YA1929) can be used for WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF, IP, FC experiment in human, mouse, rat background.
CBFB Antibody (YA2006) is a rabbit-derived non-conjugated IgG antibody (Clone NO.: YA2006), targeting CBFB, with a predicted molecular weight of 22 kDa (observed band size: 22 kDa). CBFB Antibody (YA2006) can be used for WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF, FC experiment in human, mouse, rat background.
Neurocan Antibody (YA2846) is a rabbit-derived non-conjugated IgG antibody (Clone NO.: YA2846), targeting Neurocan, with a predicted molecular weight of 143 kDa (observed band size: 130/270 kDa). Neurocan Antibody (YA2846) can be used for WB, IHC-P, IP experiment in human background.
ARC19499 sodium is an aptamer that inhibits tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) , thereby enabling clot initiation and propagation via the extrinsic pathway. The core aptamer binds tightly and specifically to TFPI. ARC19499 sodium blocks TFPI inhibition of both factor Xa and the TF/factor VIIa complex. ARC19499 sodium corrects thrombin generation in hemophilia A and B plasma and restores clotting in FVIII-neutralized whole blood.
ARC19499 is an aptamer that inhibits tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) , thereby enabling clot initiation and propagation via the extrinsic pathway. The core aptamer binds tightly and specifically to TFPI. ARC19499 blocks TFPI inhibition of both factor Xa and the TF/factor VIIa complex. ARC19499 corrects thrombin generation in hemophilia A and B plasma and restores clotting in FVIII-neutralized whole blood.
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