development

Peptides are a group of biologically active substances that are involved in various cellular functions of organisms. Peptides are often used in functional analysis, vaccine research and especially in the field of drug research and development. At present, more than 80 peptide drugs have reached the market for a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, HIV infection and chronic pain.

MedChemExpress (MCE) offers a comprehensive collection of 1,630 peptides, including bioactive peptides, amino acid derivatives, and blocking peptides. MCE Peptide Library can be used for peptide library screening, peptide drug discovery, vaccine development, target verification, structural activity research, etc.

An inactive ingredient is any component of a drug product other than the active ingredient. Inactive ingredients are added during the manufacturing process of pharmaceutical products such as tablets, capsules, suppositories, and injections. In new drug development, once an inactive ingredient has appeared in an approved drug product for a particular route of administration, the inactive ingredient is not considered new and may require a less extensive review the next time it is included in a new drug product.

MCE offers a unique collection of 174 inactive ingredients, which only contain inactive ingredients of the final dosage forms of the drug. MCE Inactive Ingredient library is a powerful tool for aiding in the development of the drug and saving unnecessary time.

Covalent inhibitors are small molecules that can bind specifically to target proteins through covalent bonds and inhibit their biological functions. Although for a long time, covalent targeting has been playing a subordinate role in drug discovery, with an increasing number of reports on successful clinical applications of such drugs, the potential of these agents is now being acknowledged. Currently, cysteine is the most common covalent amino acid residue in a variety of covalent drugs, and various warheads have been developed that can react with cysteine, providing the key building blocks for covalent drugs to form covalent bonds.

To meet the development needs of covalent inhibitors targeting cysteine, MCE has designed a unique collection of 3,358 fragments with different covalent warheads that target cysteine. The MCE Cysteine Targeted Covalent Fragment Library is designed using the following covalent warheads: Acrylamides, Propiolic acid ester, Dimethylamine functionalized acrylamides, Chloroacetamides, Acrylonitrile, 2-Cyanoacrylamide, Aziridine, Haloacetamide, etc. All fragments are pre-filtered with the Rule of Three restrictions which can be used for fragment-based covalent drug development.

From target identification to clinical research, traditional drug discovery and development is a time-consuming and costly process, which also bears high risk. Compared with traditional drug discovery, drug repositioning or repurposing, also known as old drugs for new uses can greatly shorten the development cycle and reduce development cost, which has become a new trend of drug development. After undergoing clinical trials, approved drugs have identified bioactivities, good pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety, which can greatly improve the success rate of drug discovery. A number of successes have been achieved, such as metformin for type 2 diabetes and thalidomide for leprosy and multiple myeloma, etc.

MCE provides a unique collection of 1,409 China NMPA (National Medical Products Administration) approved compounds, which have undergone extensive preclinical and clinical studies and have well-characterized bioactivities, safety and bioavailability properties. MCE NMPA-Approved Drug Library is a good tool for drug repurposing which could dramatically accelerate drug development.

A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products. Proteases play important roles in regulating multiple biological processes in all living organisms, such as regulating the fate, localization, and activity of many proteins, modulating protein-protein interactions, creating new bioactive molecules, contributing to the processing of cellular information, and generating, transducing, and amplifying molecular signals.

Proteases are important targets in drug discovery. Some protease inhibitors are often used as anti-virus drugs and anti-cancer drugs. MCE offers a unique collection of 617 protease inhibitors. MCE Protease Inhibitor Library is critical for drug discovery and development.

New drug development is a time-consuming and high-cost process. Drug repurposing (also called drug repositioning, reprofiling or re‑tasking) offers various advantages over developing an entirely new drug for a given indication. First, the risk of failure is lower. Second, the time frame for drug development can be reduced. Third, less investment is needed. Approved drugs have identified bioactivities, good pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety which are suitable for drug repurposing.

MCE owns a unique collection of 3,061 approved compounds which have been completed extensive preclinical and clinical studies and have well-characterized bioactivities, safety and bioavailability properties. MCE FDA-Approved Drug Library is a good tool for drug repurposing which could dramatically accelerate drug development.

Fragment-based drug development (FBDD) is a strategy for drug discovery that can be applied both academically and commercially to enhance the identification of some non-drug targets. Fragment-based drug development has identified low molecular weight molecules (<300 Da) capable of binding to related macromolecules. These fragments can cover a wide chemical space and are easy to optimize later. Currently, several fragment-based drugs have entered clinical trials, of which two drugs, Vemurafenib and Venetoclax, have been approved for marketing.

Based on Tanimoto coefficient, MCE uses similarity algorithm to carefully select 2,323 high-structurally diverse 'RO3' compliant fragment molecules from large-scale fragment molecules, which can be applied to fragment based drug development.

Normal mitochondrial function is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis because mitochondria produce ATP and are the major intracellular source of free radicals. Cellular dysfunctions induced by intracellular or extracellular insults converge on mitochondria and induce a sudden increase in permeability on the inner mitochondrial membrane, the so-called mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT). MMPT is caused by the opening of pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane, matrix swelling, and outer membrane rupture. The MMPT is an endpoint to initiate cell death because the pore opening together with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c activates the apoptotic pathway of caspases.

The normal operation of mitochondrial function is important for maintaining normal cell death and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. MCE offers a unique collection of 639 compounds with identified and potential mitochondrial protective activity. MCE Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library is critical for drug discovery and development.

Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) has been developed to be a useful technology for targeted protein degradation. PROTACs consist of a ligand for E3 ligase (E3 ligase binder), a linker and a ligand (mostly small-molecule inhibitor) for protein of interest（target binder）. Upon binding to the target protein, the PROTACs can recruit E3 for target protein ubiquitination, which is subjected to proteasome-mediated degradation. Therefore, PROTACs execute their functions by degrading the target proteins rather than inhibiting them, which has a great superiority in overcoming resistance caused by target mutation or overexpression. To date, PROTAC technology has been applied to a variety of targets, including AR, ER, BTK, BET, and BCR-ABL to overcome resistance.

MCE carefully prepared a unique collection of 43 ligands for target proteins, which have been reported to be used in PROTAC design. MCE Target Protein Ligand Library is a useful tool for PROTAC development.

Covalent inhibitors are small molecules that can bind specifically to target proteins through covalent bonds and inhibit their biological functions. Although for a long time, covalent targeting has been playing a subordinate role in drug discovery, with an increasing number of reports on successful clinical applications of such drugs, the potential of these agents is now being acknowledged. Currently, cysteine is the most common covalent amino acid residue in a variety of covalent drugs, and various warheads have been developed that can react with cysteine, providing the key building blocks for covalent drugs to form covalent bonds.

To meet the development needs of covalent inhibitors targeting cysteine, MCE has designed a unique collection of 4,812 compounds with different covalent warheads that target cysteine. The MCE Cysteine Targeted Covalent Library is designed using the following covalent warheads: Acrylamides, Propiolic acid ester, Dimethylamine functionalized acrylamides, Chloroacetamides, Acrylonitrile, 2-Cyanoacrylamide, Aziridine, Haloacetamide, etc.

The majority of hypertensive patients have primary (or essential) hypertension, that is, hypertension in which secondary causes are not present. Management aims to control arterial pressure, prevent end-organ damage (cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and renal), and reduce the risk of premature death.

Antihypertensive drugs may be divided into two broad groups, the first group being those which directly or indirectly block the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), for example, ACEIs, angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARAs), direct renin inhibitors (DRIs), and to a lesser extent β-blockers. The second group of drugs works by increasing water and sodium excretion, thereby reducing intravascular volume, or by causing vasodilatation through non-RAS pathways, for example, diuretics and calcium channel blockers (CCBs).

MCE offers a unique collection of 648 compounds with identified and potential antihypertensive activity. MCE Antihypertensive Compound Library is critical for antihypertensive drug discovery and development.

Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) has been developed to be a useful technology for targeted protein degradation. PROTACs consist of a ligand for E3 ligase (E3 ligase binder), a linker and a ligand (mostly small-molecule inhibitor) for protein of interest（target binder）. Upon binding to the target protein, the PROTACs can recruit E3 for target protein ubiquitination, which is subjected to proteasome-mediated degradation.

Although there are more than 600 E3 ubiquitin ligases, only several with small molecule ligands have been used for designing PROTACs, including Skp1-Cullin-F box complex containing Hrt1 (SCF), Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL), Cereblon (CRBN), inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), and mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2).

MCE carefully prepared a unique collection of 55 ligands for E3 ligase, which have been reported to be used in PROTAC design. MCE E3 ligase ligand library is a useful tool for PROTAC development.

Heterocyclic compounds are cyclic organic compounds which contain at least one hetero atom, the most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen ,and sulfur. Heterocycles are common in biology, featuring a wide range of structures from enzyme co-factors to amino acids and proteins. On the one hand, heterocycles are common structural units in approved drugs and in medicinal chemistry targets in the drug discovery process. In addition, heterocycles have been found as a key structure in medical chemistry and also they are frequently found in large percent of biomolecules such as vitamins, natural products ,and biologically active compounds including antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiallergic, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, anticancer activity.

MCE offers a unique collection of 6,133 heterocyclic compounds which can be used for drug discovery for high throughput screening (HTS) and high content screening (HCS). MCE heterocyclic compound library is critical for drug discovery and development.

New drug development is a time-consuming and high-cost process. Drug repurposing (also called drug repositioning, reprofiling or retasking) offers various advantages over developing an entirely new drug for a given indication. First, the risk of failure is lower. Second, the time frame for drug development can be reduced. Third, less investment is needed. Approved drugs and pharmacopoeia collected compounds have identified bioactivities, good pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety which are suitable for drug repurposing.

MCE owns a unique collection of 3,589 compounds from approved institutions such as FDA, EMA, NMPA, PMDA, etc. or pharmacopoeia such as USP, BP, JP, etc. These compounds have well-characterized bioactivities, safety and bioavailability properties. MCE FDA Approved & Pharmacopeial Drug Library is a good tool for drug repurposing which could dramatically accelerate drug development.

GPCRs are a large family of cell surface receptors that respond to a variety of external signals. Binding of a signaling molecule to a GPCR results in G protein activation, which in turn triggers the production of any number of second messengers. GPCRs play an important role in the human body, and increased understanding of these receptors has greatly affected modern medicine. In fact, researchers estimate that between one-third to one-half of all approved drugs act by binding to GPCRs. GPCRs are a large group of drug targets in drug discovery.

MCE provides a unique collection of 2,528 small molecules targeting GPCRs that can be used in the screening for various GPCRs-related research and drug development projects.

With the progress of modern cancer therapy, the life of cancer patients has been extended. However, after initial treatment and recovery, the development of secondary tumors often leads to cancer recurrence. Cancer stem cells are a small number of cells that tumor growth and reproduction depend on.

Cancer stem cells have strong self-renewal ability, which is the direct cause of tumor occurrence. In addition, cancer stem cells also have the ability to differentiate into different cell types, playing a crucial role in tumor metastasis and development. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy induced DNA damage and apoptosis are common cancer treatments. However, cancer stem cells can effectively protect cancer cells from apoptosis by activating DNA repair ability. Cancer stem cells are regarded as the key "seed" of tumor occurrence, development, metastasis and recurrence. Since its first discovery in leukemia in 1994, cancer stem cells have been considered a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment.

MCE supplies a unique collection of 2,296 compounds targeting key proteins in cancer stem cells. MCE Cancer Stem Cells Compound Library is a useful tool for cancer stem cells related research and anti-cancer drug development.

Rare diseases are an important public-health issue and a challenge for the medical community. Most rare diseases are genetic disorders, which are often severely disabling, substantially affect life expectancy, and impair physical and mental abilities. Currently, there are about 7,000 identified rare diseases, together affecting 10% of the population. However, fewer than 6% of all rare diseases have an approved treatment option, highlighting their tremendous unmet needs in drug development. The process of repurposing drugs for new indications, compared with the development of novel orphan drugs, is a time-saving and cost-efficient method resulting in higher success rates, which can therefore drastically reduce the risk of drug development for rare diseases.

MCE carefully collects a unique of 1,786 compounds studied in preclinical, clinical trials or approved used in rare diseases treatment. MCE rare diseases drug library is a useful tool for the research of rare diseases. All compounds can provide corresponding indications for rare diseases.

The occurrence of diseases is often associated with multiple targets and pathways, and the factors of disease formation are complex and diverse, so the development of more powerful drugs is needed. According to statistics, 21% of the FDA-approved drugs in 2015-2017 were multi-target compounds. Multi-target compounds refer to a drug targeting multiple disease-related targets or multiple subtypes of a target. Multi-target compounds can be applied to drug screening or targeted ligand design. Because the targets of such compounds are diverse and clear, they have the characteristics of saving time and drug cost during the mechanism research of new drug research and development. In addition, due to the diversity of drug targets, multiple strategies can be applied to pharmacological studies.

MCE supplies a unique collection of 4,561 multi-target compounds that targets two or more different targets or different subtypes of the same target. MCE Multi-Target Compound Library can be used for target protein ligand screening or drug development.

Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth’s surface and host a huge species diversity. Marine organisms are considered the most recent source of bioactive natural products after terrestrial plants and nonmarine microorganisms. Marine biological sources are taxonomically diverse and include sponges, tunicates, corals, mollusks, fungi, and sediment-derived bacteria.

Marine organisms can produce a plethora of small molecules with novel chemical structures and potent biological properties, being a rich source for the discovery of pharmacologically active compounds, already with several marine-derived agents approved as drugs. Ziconotide, a peptide originally discovered in a tropical cone snail, was the first marine-derived compound to be approved in the United States in December 2004 for the treatment of pain. Then, in October 2007, Trabectedin became the first marine anticancer drug to be approved in the European Union.

MCE offers a unique collection of 45 marine-sourced natural products which can be used for drug discovery for high throughput screening (HTS) and high content screening (HCS). MCE marine-sourced natural product library is an important source for drug discovery and development.

New drug development is a time-consuming and high-cost process. Drug repurposing (also called drug repositioning, reprofiling or re‑tasking) offers various advantages over developing an entirely new drug for a given indication, such as lower risk and less investment. Clinical drugs have confirmed bioactivities, clear mechanisms and high safety that are suitable for drug repurposing.

MCE owns a unique collection of 2,588 clinical compounds that refer to various research areas including anti-cancer, anti-infection, anti-inflammation, nervous disease. Those compounds are of detailed information on clinical development status, research area, targets, etc.

COVID-19 poses a serious threat to people's health, and it is urgent to develop drugs to treat COVID-19 quickly. The screening of anti-COVID-19 drugs by using the clinical and approved compounds can greatly shorten the research and development cycle. In addition, the virtual screening technology can effectively narrow the scope of screening and improve the screening efficiency in the pre-screening of new drugs.

Taking advantage of our virtual screening, we conduct virtual screening of approved compound library and clinical compound library based on the 3CL protease (PDB ID: 6LU7), Spike Glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VSB), NSP15 (PDB ID: 6VWW), RDRP, PLPro and ACE2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2) structure. We design a unique collection of 1,476 compounds which may have anti-COVID-19 activity. Anti-COVID-19 Compound Library will be a powerful tool for screening new anti-COVID-19 activity drugs.

Techniques for reprogramming somatic cells create new opportunities for drug screening, disease modeling, artificial organ development, and cell therapy. The development of reprogramming techniques has grown exponentially since Yamanaka reprogrammed somatic cells to become induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using four transcription factors, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC in 2006. Despite the development of efficient reprogramming methods, most methods are inappropriate for clinical applications because they carry the risk of integrating exogenous genetic factors or use oncogenes. Alternative approaches, such as those based on miRNA, non-viral genes, non-integrative vectors, and small molecules, have been studied as possible solutions to the problems. Among these alternatives, small molecules are attractive options for clinical applications. Reprogramming using small molecules is inexpensive and easy to control in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. It offers a high level of cell permeability, ease of synthesis and standardization, and it is appropriate for mass-producing cells.

MCE Reprogramming Compound Library contains a unique collection of 2,254 compounds that act on reprogramming signaling pathways. These compounds are potential stimulators for reprogramming. This library is a useful tool for researching reprogramming and regenerative medicine.

Fatty acids (FAs) are the main components of lipids. The synthesis of fatty acids mainly involves the Triglyceride (TG) cycle and De Novo Lipogenesis (DNL). Fatty acids which exist widely in organisms are components of cell membranes and play an indispensable role in cell signaling. In addition, FFAs can be taken up from circulating plasma by all mitochondria-containing cells, and they are metabolized by β-oxidation and the citric acid cycle to release large amounts of energy in the form of ATP. Abnormal fatty acid metabolism is associated with the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, fatty liver, hyperthyroidism, and other diseases.

MCE offers a unique collection of fatty acid compounds. Fatty Acids Compound Library is an important tool for the study of energy metabolism and drug development of metabolism-related diseases.

New drug development is a time-consuming and high-cost process. Drug repurposing (also called drug repositioning, reprofiling or re‑tasking) offers various advantages over developing an entirely new drug for a given indication. First, the risk of failure is lower. Second, the time frame for drug development can be reduced. Third, less investment is needed. Approved and clinical drugs, especially after phase I drugs, have identified bioactivities, good pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety which are suitable for drug repurposing.

MCE Drug Repurposing Compound Library contains 5,014 approved drugs and passed phase Ⅰclinical drugs, which have been completed extensive preclinical and clinical studies and have well-characterized bioactivities, safety and bioavailability properties.

New drug development is a time-consuming and high-cost process. Drug repurposing (also called drug repositioning, reprofiling or re‑tasking) offers various advantages over developing an entirely new drug for a given indication. First, the risk of failure is lower. Second, the time frame for drug development can be reduced. Third, less investment is needed. Approved drugs have identified bioactivities, good pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety which are suitable for drug repurposing.

MCE owns a unique collection of 3,061 approved compounds which have been completed extensive preclinical and clinical studies and have well-characterized bioactivities, safety and bioavailability properties. The package of this library is 96-well microplate with peelable foil seal, which makes the screening process easier and faster.

Amino acids, as one of the most fundamental organic compounds in living organisms, serve not only as the basic building blocks of proteins but also but also undertake the functions of energy supply, neurotransmitter synthesis, and maintenance of internal environment stability.Amino acid metabolic enzymes are a class of enzymes involved in the metabolic processes of amino acids, catalyzing their synthesis, breakdown, transformation, and interactions with other metabolic pathways. Abnormalities in amino acid metabolic enzymes can lead to various metabolic diseases, such as phenylketonuria and hyperammonemia, etc. Therefore, actively exploring and regulating the processes of amino acid metabolism is crucial for the development of drugs related to these diseases.

MCE designs a unique collection of 237 small molecules target amino acid metabolizing enzymes, which is an important tool for studying studying amino acid metabolism processes or metabolism-related drug development.

Protein protein interactions (PPI) have pivotal roles in life processes. The studies showed that aberrant PPI are associated with various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. The classic drug targets are usually enzymes, ion channels, or receptors, the PPI indicate new potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, targeting PPI is a new direction in treating diseases and an essential strategy for the development of new drugs.

However, the design of modulators targeting PPI still faces tremendous challenges, such the difficult PPI interfaces for the drug design, lack of ligands reference, lack of guidance rules for the PPI modulators development and high-resolution PPI proteins structures.

With the development of high-throughput technology, high-throughput screening is also gradually used for the identification of PPI inhibitors, but the compound library used for conventional target screening is not very effective in screening PPI inhibitors. To improve screening efficiency, MCE carefully selected 616 PPI inhibitors and mainly targeting MDM2-p53, Keap1-Nrf2, PD-1/PD-L1, Myc-Max, etc. MCE Protein-protein Interaction Inhibitor Library is a useful tool for PPI drug discovery and related research.

Hematopathy, also known as hematopoietic system diseases, are a class of diseases that hematopoietic system has abnormal changes. Common hematopathy include: aplastic anemia, myeloproliferative diseases, thalassemia, leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma and hemophilia, etc. In recent years, treatments for hematopathy have been developed. In particular, the treatment of malignant hematopathy developed from chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bone marrow development to immunotherapy, induced differentiation therapy, cell therapy, gene therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although these therapies have greatly improved the survival rate of patients, there are still problems such as low cure rate and easy recurrence in the treatment of hematopathy. Therefore, it is of great significance to actively search for new hematopathy therapeutic drugs.

MCE designs a unique collection of 2,930 anti-hematopathy small molecules, which is an effective tool for development and research of anti-hematopathy compounds.

Unlike the 20 natural amino acids commonly found within living organisms, unnatural amino acids are synthesized through chemical or biosynthetic methods, thereby being endowed with unique chemical properties or biological activities. In drug development, these amino acids can be utilized to design novel pharmaceutical molecules that may exhibit superior pharmacological characteristics, such as increased selectivity, improved pharmacokinetic profiles, or reduced toxicity. In biomedical research, unnatural amino acids can act as biological markers or probes for investigating biological processes like cell signaling, protein conformation, and protein-protein interactions. In addition, non-natural amino acids can also be used in the field of agriculture to develop new pesticides, plant growth regulators and so on.

MCE included 124 unnatural amino acids and relative derivatives, serving as valuable tools for drug development and pesticide research.

MCE EMA-Approved Drug Library consists of 687 EMA-approved drugs with high pharmacological diversity. All drugs in this library have been completed extensive preclinical and clinical studies and have well-characterized bioactivities, safety and bioavailability properties. MCE EMA-Approved Drug Library is a useful tool for drug repurposing which could dramatically accelerate drug development.

Cell proliferation, the increase in cell numbers resulting from cell division, is a complex and tightly regulated process. Cell proliferation is regulated by coordinated entry into the cell cycle, and changes in proliferation are closely linked to disease development. Evolutionary dynamics links tumor growth and progression with cell proliferation, cell death, and mutation rates. In addition, cell proliferation is central to degenerative diseases, the development of which is often accompanied by accelerated multiplication of cancer cells. Therefore, assays of cell proliferation levels are frequently used for laboratory research purposes and increasingly for clinical assessment of tumor aggressiveness and potentially to guide care. It has been shown that multiple key targets are collectively involved in regulating the process of cell proliferation, such as CDK, E2F, pRB, β-Catenin, and others.

MCE collects 2,161 compounds that target and regulate key targets of cell proliferation, which can be used in studies of cell proliferation mechanisms and drug discovery.

Cell death plays a crucial role in the development of the body and the maintenance of internal balance to prevent the development of diseases. According to the regulation of the involved processes, cell death can be defined as programmed and non-programmed death. Programmed cell death (PCD) can be divided into lytic cell death and nonlytic cell death, mainly including apoptosis, necrotic apoptosis and Pyroptosis. Non-Programmed cell death (Non-PCD) generally refers to necrosis. In stark contrast to Accidental Cell Death (ACD), Regulatory Cell Death (RCD) relies on specialized molecular mechanisms. Cell death includes internal apoptosis, external apoptosis, necrotic apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, lysosome-dependent cell death, etc.

MCE designs a unique collection of 2,598 cell death compounds, covering multiple targets, such as Apoptosis, Ferroptosis, Pyroptosis, Necroptosis, etc. It is a useful tool for screening cell death drugs.

MAPK families play an important role in complex cellular programs like proliferation, differentiation, development, transformation, and apoptosis. In mammalian cells, four MAPK families have been clearly characterized: ERK1/2, C-Jun N-terminal kinse/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) , p38 kinase and ERK5. They respond to different signals. Each MAPK-related cascade consists of three enzymes that are activated in series: a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK), a MAPK kinase (MAPKK) and a MAP kinase (MAPK). MAPK signaling pathways has been implicated in the development of many human diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and various types of cancers.

MCE designs a unique collection of 569 MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors that act as a useful tool for MAPK-related drug screening and disease research.

The TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)—is also known as the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle (CAC). The TCA cycle is a series of chemical reactions that release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA in carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

For decades, the TCA cycle has been considered as the central pathway for cell oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy and biosynthesis. Research shows that TCA cycle is associated with many diseases, especially cancer. In colon carcinoma, liver cancer and other cancers, there are mutations that lead to the imbalance of TCA cycle metabolites, indicating that TCA cycle may be related to the occurrence of cancer. Understanding the role and molecular mechanism of TCA cycle in inhibiting or promoting cancer progression will promote the development of new metabolite-based cancer treatment methods in the future.

MCE supplies a unique collection of 66 compounds related to the TCA cycle. MCE TCA Cycle Compound Library is a useful tool for the TCA cycle related research and anti-cancer drug development.

New drug development is a time-consuming and high-cost process. Drug repurposing (also called drug repositioning, reprofiling or re‑tasking) offers various advantages over developing an entirely new drug for a given indication, such as lower risk and less investment. Clinical drugs have confirmed bioactivities, clear mechanisms and high safety that are suitable for drug repurposing.

MCE owns a unique collection of 3,201 clinical compounds that refer to various research areas including anti-cancer, anti-infection, anti-inflammation, nervous disease. Those compounds are of detailed information on clinical development status, research area, targets, etc. Clinical Compound Library Plus, with powerful screening capability, further complements Clinical Compound Library (HY-L026) by adding some compounds with low solubility or solution stability (Part B) to this library. All those supplementary are supplied in powder form.

New drug development is a time-consuming and high-cost process. Drug repurposing (also called drug repositioning, reprofiling or re‑tasking) offers various advantages over developing an entirely new drug for a given indication. First, the risk of failure is lower. Second, the time frame for drug development can be reduced. Third, less investment is needed. Approved drugs have identified bioactivities, good pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety which are suitable for drug repurposing.

MCE owns a unique collection of 3,396 approved compounds which have been completed extensive preclinical and clinical studies and have well-characterized bioactivities, safety and bioavailability properties. MCE FDA-Approved Drug Library Plus, with more powerful screening capability, further complements FDA-Approved Drug Library (HY-L022) by adding some compounds with low solubility or solution stability (Part B) to this library. All those supplementary are supplied in powder form.

Natural products are small molecules produced naturally by any organism including primary and secondary metabolites. Natural sources may lead to basic research on potential bioactive components for commercial development as lead compounds in drug discovery.

Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years, and an impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, many based on their use in traditional medicine. With the development of new molecular targets, there is an increasing demand for novel molecular diversity for screening. Natural products will play a crucial role in meeting this demand through the continued investigation of world’s bio-diversity, much of which remains unexplored.

MCE provides a unique collection of 4,674 natural compounds that contain Saccharides and Glycosides, Phenylpropanoids, Quinones, Flavonoids, Terpenoids and Glycosides, Steroids, Alkaloid, Phenols, Acids and Aldehydes. Natural Product Library is a useful tool for drug discovery that can be used for high throughput screening (HTS) and high content screening (HCS).

Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of death in female genital malignancies, with the highest mortality rate in female genital malignancies. It is characterized by difficulty in detection in the early stage of the disease, high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. In fact, ovarian cancer includes many pathologic types. It is usually divided into epithelial ovarian cancer, malignant germ cell tumors and sex cord stromal tumors, of which epithelial ovarian cancer is the most dominant form. Clinical treatment of ovarian cancer prioritizes surgery combined with paclitaxel chemotherapy. However, due to the spread and drug resistance of tumor cells, the recurrence of ovarian cancer is high. In this case, combined with traditional methods, the development of new therapeutic agents can help to improve the treatment effect of ovarian cancer.

MCE designs a unique collection of 2,030 compounds with definite or potential anti-ovarian cancer activity, which mainly targeting the main targets of ovarian cancer such as PARP, ATM/ATR, VEGFR and HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase, etc. It is an essential tool for development and research of anti-ovarian compounds.

New drug development is a time-consuming and high-cost process. Drug repurposing (also called drug repositioning, reprofiling or re‑tasking) offers various advantages over developing an entirely new drug for a given indication. First, the risk of failure is lower. Second, the time frame for drug development can be reduced. Third, less investment is needed. Approved and clinical drugs, especially after phase I drugs, have identified bioactivities, good pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety, which are suitable for drug repurposing.

MCE Drug Repurposing Compound Library plus contains 5,833 approved and passed phase I clinical drugs, which have been completed extensive preclinical and clinical studies and have well-characterized bioactivities, safety and bioavailability properties.

MCE Drug Repurposing Compound Library plus, with more powerful screening capability, further complement MCE Drug Repurposing Compound Library (HY-L035) by adding some compounds with low solubility or stability (Part B) to this library. All those supplementary compounds are supplied in powder form.

Natural products are small molecules produced naturally by any organism including primary and secondary metabolites. Natural sources may lead to basic research on potential bioactive components for commercial development as lead compounds in drug discovery.

Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years, and an impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, many based on their use in traditional medicine. With the development of new molecular targets, there is an increasing demand for novel molecular diversity for screening. Natural products will play a crucial role in meeting this demand through the continued investigation of world’s bio-diversity, much of which remains unexplored.

MCE provides a unique collection of 5,558 natural compounds that contains Saccharides and Glycosides, Phenylpropanoids, Quinones, Flavonoids, Terpenoids and Glycosides, Steroids, Alkaloid, Phenols, Acids and Aldehydes. Natural Product Library Plus, with more powerful screening capability, further complements Natural Product Library (HY-L021) by adding some compounds with low solubility or solution stability (Part B) to this library. All those supplementary are supplied in powder form.

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/Rel proteins include NF-κB2 p52/p100, NF-κB1 p50/p105, c-Rel, RelA/p65, and RelB. These proteins function as dimeric transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes and influence a broad range of biological processes including innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, stress responses, B-cell development, and lymphoid organogenesis. NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. In addition, activation of the NF-κB pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development.

MCE owns a unique collection of 889 small molecule compounds that can be used in the research of NF-κB signaling pathway or high throughput screening (HTS) related drug discovery.

Mitochondria, as the main place of energy supply in life, is essential to maintain normal life activities. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with common diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. The heart, brain and liver rely heavily on mitochondrial function as the main organs for drug metabolism. In addition, mitochondria is also a target of many drugs, some of which induce organotoxicity by inducing mitochondrial toxicity.

MCE contains 486 mitochondrial toxic compounds, which can be used as tool compounds for drug development and disease mechanism research.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a serious threat to human health. Multiple treatments have been developed for cancer treatment, but new anti-cancer drugs still need to be developed urgently. Approved drugs, have well-characterized bioactivities, safety and bioavailability properties, will dramatically accelerate drug development.

MCE offers a unique collection of 1,436 approved drugs with anti-cancer activity, which can be used for discovery of new anti-cancer drugs or as positive compounds used for anti-cancer research.

Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for cell survival, differentiation, development, and homeostasis. The process of autophagy in mammalian cells is as follows: a portion of cytoplasm, including organelles, is enclosed by a phagophore or isolation membrane to form an autophagosome. The outer membrane of the autophagosome subsequently fuses with the endosome and then the lysosome, and the internal material is degraded. Autophagy plays a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles. Defective autophagy contributes to various pathologies, including infections, cancer, neurodegeneration, aging, and heart disease.

MCE provides a unique collection of 1,435 autophagy pathway-related compounds that is a useful tool for the research of autophagy-related regulation and diseases.

Drug repurposing (also called drug repositioning, reprofiling, or re‑tasking) offers various advantages over developing an entirely new drug for a given indication, for example, lower risk of failure, less investment, and shorter development timelines. But drug repositioning projects are also subject to several risks, including regulatory and intellectual property issues. So the off-patent drugs are optimal for repositioning because of their immediate availability for clinical studies, with high feasibility and relatively low risk.

MCE carefully prepared a unique collection of 2,693 off-patent drugs, which is a good choice for drug repurposing.

The lack of availability of appropriate medicines for children is an extensive and urgent problem. A variety of obstacles hinder children's drug development, including the limited commercial interest, lack of suitable infrastructure and competence for conducting paediatric clinical trials, difficulties in trial design, ethical worries and many others. Because of these factors, unlicensed and off-label prescribing is very common in children which may lead to safety concern.

MCE offers a unique collection of 685 children’s medicines, all of which have been approved or studied in clinical trials for children diseases. MCE children’s drug library is a useful tool for drug repurposing to discover new children’s indications.

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women, impacting 2.1 million women each year, and also causes the greatest number of cancer-related deaths among women. Surgery is usually the first type of treatment for breast cancer, which is usually followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy or, in some cases, hormone or targeted therapies, especially for metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, which is categorized into 3 major subtypes based on the presence or absence of molecular markers for estrogen or progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor 2 (ERBB2; formerly HER2): hormone receptor positive/ERBB2 negative (70% of patients), ERBB2 positive (15%-20%), and triple-negative (tumors lacking all 3 standard molecular markers; 15%). Different intrinsic subtypes exhibit different tumor behavior with different prognoses, and may require specific targeted therapies to maximize treatment effectiveness. Otherwise, some signaling pathways also play important roles in the development of breast cancer, such as NF-κB Signaling Pathway, TGF-beta Signaling Pathway, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and Notch Signaling Pathway. These signaling pathways offer ideal targets for development of new targeted therapies for breast cancer.

MCE supplies a unique collection of 2,123 compounds with identified and potential anti-breast cancer activity. MCE Anti-Breast Cancer Compound Library is a useful tool for anti-breast cancer drugs screening.

DNA is prone to numerous forms of damage that can injure cells and impair fitness. Cells have developed an array of mechanisms to repair these injuries. Proliferating cells are especially vulnerable to DNA damage due to the added demands of cellular growth and division. Cell cycle checkpoints represent integral components of DNA repair that coordinate cooperation between the machinery of the cell cycle and several biochemical pathways that respond to damage and restore DNA structure. By delaying progression through the cell cycle, checkpoints provide more time for repair before the critical phases of DNA replication, when the genome is replicated, and of mitosis, when the genome is segregated. Loss or attenuation of checkpoint function may increase spontaneous and induced gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations by reducing the efficiency of DNA repair.

MCE owns a unique collection of 2,197 cell cycle/DNA damage-related compounds which can be used in the research of the same.

Protein Kinases (PTKs) are a class of phosphotransferases that phosphorylate proteins. Protein kinases participate in many signal transduction pathways including those involved with growth, differentiation, and cell division. Protein kinase not only plays an important role in the process of cell activation, but also its abnormal expression is closely related to the pathogenesis of many diseases. So far, the protein kinase family has become one of the most important drug targets. The most common drug targets include ALK, B-Raf, BCR-Abl, EGFR, and VEGFR.

MCE designs a unique collection of 2,930 bioactive compounds targeting protein kinases, which is an important tool for the development of drug targeting protein kinases.

Antibody inhibitors are compounds with the same activity as the original therapeutic antibodies, which can be used as positive controls for drug efficacy evaluation and other studies. Antibody inhibitors can also assist in verifying the functional activity of the target protein. These antibody inhibitors are active in vivo and can achieve certain physiological functions by blocking or neutralizing target proteins, such as CD20, HER2, EGFR, VEGFR, TNF-α, etc. In drug screening, antibody inhibitor-based screening can be carried out to identify active compounds targeting target proteins and target diseases.

MCE can provide 896 antibody inhibitors that can be used for drug development in cancer, immunity, infection and other hot research areas.