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FFA3 agonist 1 is an agonist of free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFA3). FFA3 agonist 1 regulates the health effect of intestinal microbiota by activating FFA3 .
Cefteram (T-2525) is the free acid of Cefteram pivoxil (HY-106571), which is an orally active cephalosporin ester. Cefteram potently targets to the enteropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae .
α-MSH free acid (α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone free acid) is an MC3R and MC4R agonist with EC50s of 0.16 nM and 5.6 nM, respectively. α-MSH free acid activates cAMP generation at MC3R and MC4R .
Tibenelast (LY186655) free acid is a potent and orally active is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Tibenelast free acid is an anti-asthma agent Tibenelast free acid increases the heart rate response to isoproterenol (HY-108353). Tibenelast free acid shows anti-anaphylactic shock activity. Tibenelast free acid has the potential for the research of asthma and other respiratory diseases .
Monophosphoryl lipid A (free acid) is a toll-like receptor 4 agonist. Monophosphoryl lipid A (free acid) is derived from the cell wall of nonpathogenic Salmonella. Monophosphoryl lipid A (free acid) can be used for the research of immunization and vaccine .
Cefpiramide (SM-1652) free acid is a semisynthetic cephalosporin with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Cefpiramide free acid shows strong antibacterial effect on both gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. Cefpiramide free acid is moderately susceptible to β-lactamase .
Zelandopam free base (YM435 free base) is an orally active and selective agonist of the dopamine D1 receptor. Zelandopam free base possesses potent renal vasodilatory properties and can effectively alleviate cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced acute renal failure .
Masupirdine free base (SUVN-502 free base) is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable, and brain penetrant 5-HT6 receptor antagonist (Ki of 2.04 nM for human 5-HT6 receptor). Masupirdine free base (SUVN-502 free base) shows high selectivity over 5-HT2A receptor and other 100 target sites, and has potential for treatment of Alzheimer's disease .
APX-115 free base (Ewha-18278 free base) is a potent, orally active pan NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor with Ki values of 1.08 μM, 0.57 μM, and 0.63 μM for Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4, respectively. APX-115 free base effectively prevents kidney injury .
Melittin free acid is a basic 26-amino-acid polypeptide, the major active ingredient of honeybee venom. Melittin free acid is an activator of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Melittin free acid has broad-spectrum antifungal activity with MIC values of 0.4-60 μM. Melittin free acid hinders fungal growth by inducing cell apoptosis, repressing (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase and participating in other pathways .
Niguldipine free base is a calcium channel blocker with activity in regulating cardiovascular function. Niguldipine free base can reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, thereby increasing heart rate and cardiac output. Niguldipine free base exhibits dose-dependent and sustained increases in coronary blood flow. Niguldipine free base also increases perfusion in the kidneys and femoral arteries, but the effect is temporary and to a lesser extent. The effect of Niguldipine free base on myocardial metabolism is not significant .
Zanapezil (TAK-147) free base is a potent, reversible and selective acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor. Zanapezil free base shows a potent and reversible inhibition of AChE activity in homogenates of the rat cerebral cortex (IC50=51.2 nM). Zanapezil free base shows a moderate inhibition of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor binding with Ki values of 234 and 340 nM, respectively. Zanapezil free base can be used for the research of early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) .
CX-5011 free base is a potent CK2 inhibitor. CX-5011 free base also is a Rac-1 activator. CX-5011 free base induces methuosis and promotes macropinocytosis. CX-5011 free base induces apoptosis. CX-5011 free base decreases the expression of rpS6 phosphorylation .
Fonsartan (HOE-720) free acid is an orally active angiotensin II receptor (AT1R) antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.48 nM, exhibiting potent antihypertensive activity. Fonsartan free acid dose-dependently inhibits angiotensin II-induced pressor response in rats (ID50 = 0.11 mg/kg) and shows significant long-lasting blood pressure-lowering effects in high-renin animal models. Fonsartan free acid is primarily used in research on hypertension and cardiovascular diseases .
CP 461 free base (OSI-461 free base) is a novel pro-apoptotic compound with the activity of inhibiting cyclic guanosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase. CP 461 free base exhibits growth inhibitory activity against a variety of human tumor cell lines in vitro. CP 461 free base selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines but has no effect on normal cells. CP 461 free base can be used in the study of renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer and Crohn's disease .
Mavodelpar free acid is a PPARδ agonist extracted from patent US20180071304, compound example 10. Mavodelpar (free acid) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Monophosphoryl Lipid A-12 (free acid) is a toll-like receptor 4 agonist. Monophosphoryl Lipid A-12 (free acid) can be used for the research of immunization and vaccine .
Mazipredone free base, a glucocorticoid derivative, is an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agent. Mazipredone free base is sensitive to oxidation, acidic and basic media .
BOLD-100 (NKP-1339; IT-139) free base is a ruthenium-based anticancer agent. BOLD-100 free base also is an inhibitor of stress-induced GRP78 upregulation, disrupting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and inducing ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). BOLD-100 free base interferes with the complex interplay between ER-stress response, lysosome dynamics, and autophagy execution .
Brophenexin free base (compound 8) is a potent NMDAR/TRPM4 interaction interface inhibitor. Brophenexin free base shows neuroprotective activity. Brophenexin free base prevents NMDA-induced cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampal neurons, with an IC50 of 2.1 μM. Brophenexin free base protects mice from MCAO-induced brain damage and NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell loss .
AFP464 free base (NSC710464 free base), is an active HIF-1α inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.25 μM, also is a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activator.
Lactisole free acid is a canonical antagonist of sweet taste receptor, selectively targeting to T1R3 subunit, a glucose-sensing receptor. Lactisole free acid inhibits insulin secretion induced by glucose in mouse islets .
AM103 (free acid) is a selective FLAP inhibitor that can block the first step of the LT pathway, which is 5-LO activation. AM103 (free acid) can inhibit the production of LTB4 and cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT). AM103 (free acid) has anti-inflammatory activity in a mouse model of chronic lung inflammation and can extend the survival time of mice injected with platelet-activating factor. AM103 (free acid) can be used for research on respiratory diseases such as asthma .
YM543 free base is a potent and orally active sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor. YM543 free base reduces blood glucose levels. YM543 free base can be used in research of diabetes .
Setastine (EGIS-2062 (free acid); EGYT-2062 (free acid) is an orally effective, non-sedative and long acting anti-allergic agent. Setastine possesses potent histamine Hi-receptor blocking properties and can be used for allergies and rhinitis research [1]<.
FPL-55712 free base is a leukotriene receptor antagonist. FPL-55712 free base is also an antagonist of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). FPL-55712 free base inhibits leukotriene-induced bronchoconstriction .
BMS-604992 (EX-1314) free base is a selective, orally active small-molecule growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) agonist. BMS-604992 free base demonstrates high-affinity binding (ki=2.3 nM) and potent functional activity (EC50=0.4 nM). BMS-604992 free base can stimulate food intake in rodents .
Xaliproden free base is an orally active and selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist. Xaliproden free base shows analgesic effect against acute tonic nociceptive pain and has neuroprotective effects. Xaliproden free base has an acute inhibitory effect on paclitaxel (HY-B0015)-induced mechanical allodynia by inhibiting the excessive response of primary afferent neurons .
SIS3 free base is a potent and selective inhibitor of Smad3 phosphorylation. SIS3 free base inhibits the myofibroblast differentiation of fibroblasts by TGF-β1. SIS3 free base does not affect the phosphorylation of Smad2 .
Amaranth free acid (Acid Red 27 free acid; Azorubin S free acid; FD & C Red Dye No. 2 free acid) is a multifunctional dye. Dyes are important tools in biological experiments. They can help researchers observe and analyze cell structures, track biomolecules, evaluate cell functions, distinguish cell types, detect biomolecules, study tissue pathology and monitor microorganisms. Their applications range from basic scientific research to clinical A wide range of diagnostics. Dyes are also widely used in traditional fields such as textile dyeing, as well as in emerging fields such as functional textile processing, food pigments and dye-sensitized solar cells.
Minnelide free base is a prodrug of Triptolide (HY-32735) that shows potent antitumor activity in a number of tumor types, particularly in pancreatic cancer. Minnelide free base promotes apoptosis .
NSC363998 (free base) is an orally active compound. NSC363998 (free base) can suppress rCGG90 induced neurotoxicity. NSC363998 (free base) can be used for the research of neurodegenerative disorder such as Fragile X associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) .
Taletrectinib (DS-6051b) free base is a potent, orally active, and next-generation selective ROS1/NTRK inhibitor. Taletrectinib free base potently inhibits recombinant ROS1, NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 with IC50s of 0.207, 0.622, 2.28, and 0.98 nM, respectively. Taletrectinib free base also inhibits ROS1 G2032R and other Crizotinib-resistant ROS1 mutants .
Ceftolozane (CXA-101 free base; FR264205 free base) is a cephalosporin antibiotic with potent activity againstPseudomonas aeruginosa and strains Enterobacteriaceae, with MICs of 0.5 and 0.25-0.5 mg/L .
HJC0152 (free base) is an orally active and potent inhibitor of STAT3. HJC0152 (free base) inhibits cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis. HJC0152 (free base) significantly suppresses MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor growth in mice .
MK-761 free base is a potent and orally active β2-adrenergic blocker. MK-761 free base shows antihypertensive and positive inotropic effects. MK-761 free base shows vasodilating properties .
FD-1080 free acid is a fluorophore with both excitation and emission in the NIR-II region (Ex=1064 nm, Em=1080 nm). FD-1080 free acid can be used for in vivo imaging .
Ataquimast free base is a COX-2 inhibitor that inhibits the release of leukotrienes, TNF-α and GM-CSF. Ataquimast free base can be used in the study of advanced receptor-positive breast cancer .
JTV-519 free base (K201 free base) is a Ca 2+-dependent blocker of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-stimulated ATPase (SERCA) and a partial agonist of ryanodine receptors in striated muscle. Antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective properties .
(±)-Lisofylline ((±)-Lisophylline) is the racemate of Lisofylline. Lisofylline inhibits the generation of phosphatidic acid and free fatty acids. Lisofylline also blocks the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in oxidative tissue injury, in response to cancer chemotherapy and in experimental sepsis. Lisofylline can be used for Type 1 diabetes research .
AV-153 free base, a 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivative, is an antimutagenic. AV-153 free base intercalates to DNA in a single strand break and reduces DNA damage, stimulates DNA repair in human cells in vitro. AV-153 free base interacts with thymine and cytosine and has an influence on poly(ADP)ribosylation. AV-153 free base has anti-cancer activity .
SW116 free base is a selective fluorescent ligand for sigma-2 receptor with a Ki of 14 nM. SW116 free base exhibits in methanol a maximal excitation wavelength of 333 nM, and a maximal emission wavelength of 506 nM. SW116 free base can be internalized into MDA-MB-435 cells, and reach 50% maximum fluorescent intensity in 24 minutes. SW116 free base can be as a fluorescent probe used in cancer research .
LY206130 free base is a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist with the activity of enhancing exogenous serotonin levels. LY206130 free base, when used concomitantly with fluoxetine, may enhance the appetite-suppressing effects of fluoxetine. LY206130 free base was shown to significantly reduce sweetened milk concentrate consumption in a dietary model. Clinical application of LY206130 free base may be beneficial in curbing eating disorders and obesity .
PTC-510 Free base is a compound that selectively inhibits hypoxia-induced VEGF expression in tumor cells. PTC-510 Free base demonstrates potent activity in reducing endogenous VEGF production under hypoxic conditions. PTC-510 Free base has been shown to control tumor growth effectively while minimizing toxicity. PTC-510 Free base represents a novel therapeutic strategy to address the limitations of current anti-VEGF therapies.
YM-31636 free base is an orally active, potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist with a Ki value of 0.2 nM. YM-31636 free base induces contraction of isolated guinea pig distal colon. YM-31636 free base induces tachycardia with the relative intrinsic activity of approximately 0.23 in isolated guinea pig right atrium. YM-31636 free base is promising for research of constipation .
GSK-2793660 (free base) is an oral, irreversible inhibitor of Cathepsin C (CTSC). GSK-2793660 (free base) can be used for the research of bronchiectasis .
CP-868388 free base is a potent, selective and orally active PPARα agonist with a Ki value of 10.8 nM. CP-868388 free base has little or no affinity for PPARβ (Ki of 3.47 μM) and PPARγ. CP-868388 free base has hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory actions .
YM-58790 free base is a potent antagonist of mAChR. YM-58790 free base binds M1, M2, M3 with Ki values of 28 nM, 260 nM, and 15 nM. YM-58790 free base exhibits potent inhibitory activity on bladder pressuer in reflexly-evoked rhythmic contraction in rats .
UCCF-029 Free base is a potent activator of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel. UCCF-029 Free base exhibits enhanced activity through benzannulation of the flavone A-ring at the 7,8-position. UCCF-029 Free base serves as a structural guide for the development of more effective flavonoid analogues. UCCF-029 Free base demonstrates improved potency compared to apigenin in activating wild-type CFTR. UCCF-029 Free base also exhibits potential for activating the mutant CFTR (G551D-CFTR) though not as robustly as apigenin.
Phortress free base (NSC 710305) is a P450 CYP1A1-activated antitumor prodrug with antitumor activity . Phortress free base leads to DNA damage and cell cycle arrest .
ST166 free acid is a inhibitor of formation of the PhoP-DNA complex with the IC50 values of 18 and 24 μM against PhoP and MtrAC binding with DNA, respectively. ST166 free acid shows antibacterial activity against Macrobacterium marinum .
TAK-070 Free base is a noncompetitive and orally active BACE1 inhibitor (IC50: 3.15 μM). TAK-070 Free base can be used for research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). TAK-070 Free base inhibits brain levels of soluble Aβ, and improves cognitive impairments in AD model .
ATC0065 free base is a potent, selective and orally active melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor 1 (MCHR1) antagonist with an IC50 of 15.7 nM for human MCHR1. ATC0065 free base does not exhibits significant activity for MCHR2. ATC0065 free base has anxiolytic and antidepressant activities .
L-706000 (MK 499) free base is a potent hERG channel blocker with an IC50 of 32 nM. L-706000 free base is a class III antiarrhythmic agent that can be used for the study of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias .
Fasitibant (free base) is a potent, selective, high affinity, and long-lasting nonpeptide bradykinin B2 (BK2) receptor antagonist. Fasitibant (free base) has proinflammatory effects and can be used for the research of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis .
Midaglizole ((±)-DG5128 free base; DG5128 free base) is a potent α2-adrenoceptor antagonist. Midaglizole is a hypoglycemic agent. Midaglizole increases blood pressure and reduces blood glucose levels in vivo .
BPH-1358 free base (NSC50460 free base) is a potent human farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) and undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase (UPPS) inhibitor with IC50s of 1.8 μM and 110 nM, respectively, and is active against S. aureus in vitro (MIC ~250 ng/mL) .
PNU-282987 (free base) is a potent α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist with an EC50 of 154 nM. PNU-282987 (free base) is also a functional antagonist of the 5-HT3 receptor with an IC50 of 4541 nM. PNU-282987 (free base) can be used for the research of central and peripheral nervous systems .
BIBO3304 free base is a nonpeptide neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist. BIBO3304 free base displays subnanomolar affinity for both the human and the rat Y1 receptor, with IC50 values of 0.38 nM and 0.72 nM, respectively. BIBO3304 free base significantly inhibits food intake induced by application of NPY or by fasting .
Samelisant (SUVN-G3031) free base is a potent and selective histamine H3 receptor (H3R) inverse agonist with good brain penetration and oral bioavailability. Samelisant free base has a similar binding affinity towards human (hH3R; Ki=8.7 nM) and rat (rH3R;Ki=9.8 nM) H3R indicating no inter-species differences. Samelisant free base can be used for the research of sleep-related disorders .
GSK1521498 free base is a potent and selective μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist. GSK1521498 free base has the potential for disorders of compulsive consumption of food, alcohol, and agents .
AZD3839 free base is a potent and selective orally active, brain-permeable BACE1 inhibitor (Ki=26 nM). AZD3839 free base shows 14 and >1000-fold selectivity against BACE2 and cathepsin D, respectively. AZD3839 free base exhibits dose- and time-dependent lowering of plasma, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ levels in mouse, guinea pig, and non-human primate. AZD3839 free base can be used for the research of Alzheimer's disease .
ICI-204448 free acid is a κ-opioid agonist with limited access to the CNS, ICI-204448 free acid can displace the binding of the kappa-opioid ligand 3H-bremazocine from guinea pig cerebellum membranes .
Stacofylline (S 9977 free base; S 9977-2 free base) a xanthine derivative, is a potent AChE inhibitor with an IC50 of 5-50 nM. Stacofylline shows anti-amnesic and promnesic activities .
LY53857 free base is a selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist with the ED50 of 17.5 nM. LY53857 free base shows antiviral activity against influenza A virus .
A-61603 free base is a potent adrenergic receptor agonist. A-61603 free base reduces carotid artery conductance in anesthetized pigs mediated by α1 and α2 adrenergic receptors (pEC50=7.25). A-61603 free base can be used as a probe to study adrenergic function .
AJG049 free base is a calcium channel (Ca 2+ channel) antagonist. AJG049 free base regulates vascular relaxation, reduces cardiac load, and improves cardiac perfusion by binding to the binding site of L-type calcium channels, specifically Diltiazem (HY-B0632). AJG049 free base can be used in cardiovascular disease research .
LY87130 free base is an octopamine-N-methyltransferase inhibitor with epinephrine-inhibiting activity. LY87130 free base can significantly reduce the basal level of epinephrine in the hypothalamus after administration. LY87130 free base has no significant effect on the basal levels of norepinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the hypothalamus .
KT-362 free acid is an intracellular calcium antagonist with antiarrhythmic and vasodilatory effects. KT-362 free acid shows an antagonistic effect against norepinephrine (NE) induced vasoconstriction response, achieved by reducing inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, thereby reducing intracellular calcium mobilization. KT-362 free acid can be used to study the contraction and relaxation mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle, especially in exploring the role of intracellular calcium mobilization and inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in vascular contraction .
GSK2983559 free acid (compound 3) is an orally active and potent receptor interacting protein 2 (RIP2) kinase inhibitor. GSK2983559 free acid can block many proinflammatory cytokine responses in vivo and in human inflammatory bowel disease explant samples .
Usmarapride (SUVN-D4010) free base is a potent, selective, orally active and brain penetrant 5-HT4 receptor partial agonist (EC50=44 nM). Usmarapride (SUVN-D4010) free base can be used for the research of cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease .
SCR-1481B1 free base, also known as Metatinib free base, is a small molecule receptor kinase inhibitor that targets both c-MET and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) .
Ro 31-1118 Free base is a compound exhibiting weak antihypertensive activity in patients with mild hypertension. Ro 31-1118 Free base demonstrated a reduction in heart rates and blood pressure post-exercise at varying doses. Ro 31-1118 Free base exhibited linear pharmacokinetics within the 10-80 mg dose range. Ro 31-1118 Free base showed no significant impact on diastolic blood pressure or adverse effects during the study.
RNase A (DNase & Protease Free), Recombinant is an endonuclease, that can be found in bovine pancreas. RNase A (DNase & Protease Free), Recombinant purifies DNA by hydrolyzing cytosine or uracil residues in RNA. RNase A (DNase & Protease Free), Recombinant regulates cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and migration, and exhibits antitumor efficacy .
AS-1669058 free base is a GPR119 agonist and a potential inhibitor of type 2 diabetes. AS-1669058 free base induces insulin secretion induced by high blood glucose levels in vitro and in vivo and increases insulin promoter activity. In animal studies, AS-1669058 free base improved glucose tolerance and reduced blood glucose levels in db/db mice.
BGC-20-1531 (PGN 1531) free base is a potent and selective prostanoid EP4 receptor antagonist, with a pKB of 7.6. BGC-20-1531 free base has the potential for the research of migraine headache .
LY 135114 free base is a metabolite with antitumor activity. LY 135114 free base is a metabolite of LY 195448, a phenylethanolamine compound with antitumor activity. LY 135114 free base has shown potential biological activity in research and may be used for cancer inhibition .
AS2034178 free base, a specific and orally active GPR40 agonist, exhibits glucose-dependent insulin secretion enhancement. AS2034178 free base has potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus research .
MA242 free base is a specific dual inhibitor of MDM2 and NFAT1. MA242 free base directly binds both MDM2 and NFAT1 with high affinity, induces their protein degradation, and inhibits NFAT1-mediated transcription of MDM2. MA242 free base induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines regardless of p53 status .
PACAP (1-38) free acid is an endogenous neuropeptide. PACAP (1-38) free acid potently stimulates antral motility and somatostatin secretion, inhibits the secretion of gastrin and stimulates the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin releasing peptide and substance P. PACAP (1-38) free acid also enhances N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor through RACK1 .
KF24345 free base is an orally active adenosine uptake inhibitor. KF24345 free base inhibits adenosine uptake by human, mouse, rabbit and hamster erythrocytes with IC50 values ??of 59.5, 130.1, 104.2 and 30.9 nM, respectively. KF24345 free base has anti-inflammatory activity and can inhibit LPS-induced TNF-α production and leukopenia in mice .
(±)-Lisofylline (Standard) is the analytical standard of (±)-Lisofylline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (±)-Lisofylline ((±)-Lisophylline) is the racemate of Lisofylline. Lisofylline inhibits the generation of phosphatidic acid and free fatty acids. Lisofylline also blocks the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in oxidative tissue injury, in response to cancer chemotherapy and in experimental sepsis. Lisofylline can be used for Type 1 diabetes research .
T-0156 free base is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. T-0156 free base specifically inhibits the hydrolysis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by PDE5 in a competitive manner (IC50=0.23 nM). T-0156 free base inhibits PDE6 (IC50=56 nM) and has low potencies against PDE1, PDE2, PDE3, and PDE4 (IC50>10 μM). T-0156 free base enhances the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway .
Nelonemdaz (Salfaprodil free base) is an NR2B-selective and uncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Nelonemdaz is also a free radical scavenger. Nelonemdaz has excellent neuroprotection against NMDA- and free radical-induced cell death .
JNJ-63576253 (TRC-253) free base is a potent and orally active full antagonist of androgen receptor (AR), with IC50s of 37 and 54 nM for F877L mutant AR and wild-type AR in LNCaP cells. JNJ-63576253 free base can be used for the research of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) .
Duocarmycin DM free base, a DNA minor-groove alkylator, is an antibody agent conjugates (ADCs) toxin. Duocarmycin DM free base is based on its characteristic curved indole structure and a spirocyclopropylcyclohexadienone electrophile to act anticancer activity .
ORM-10921 free base is a selective α-2C adrenergic receptor antagonist with a Ki of 1.4 nM. ORM-10921 free base displays potent antidepressant and antipsychotic-like effects .
YM-53601 free base, a squalene synthase inhibitor, reduces plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in vivo . YM-53601 free base inhibits squalene synthase derived from human hepatoma cells with an IC50 of 79 nM. Lipid-lowering agent . YM-53601 free base is also an inhibitor of farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1) enzyme activity and abrogates HCV propagation .
DSP 4 Free base is a selective neurotoxin that targets noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system. DSP 4 Free base possesses the unique ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. DSP 4 Free base cyclizes to form a reactive aziridinium derivative that accumulates in noradrenergic neurons.
FR167344 free base is an orally active, nonpeptide bradykinin receptor B2 antagonist. FR167344 free base shows a high affinity binding to the B2 receptor with an IC50 value of 65 nM and no binding affinity for the B1 receptor.
LIT-001 free base is the first nonpeptide oxytocin receptor (OT-R) agonist (EC50=55 nM; Ki=226 nM). LIT-001 free base improves social interaction in a mouse model of autism .
LHRH (free acid), the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, is a neuropeptide hypothalamic. LHRH regulates reproduction. LHRH can be used for the research of cancer .
AV-412 free base (MP-412 free base) is an EGFR inhibitor with IC50s of 0.75, 0.5, 0.79, 2.3, 19 nM for EGFR, EGFR L858R, EGFR T790M, EGFR L858R/T790M and ErbB2, respectively.
CKI-7 free base is a potent and ATP-competitive casein kinase 1 (CK1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 6 μM and a Ki of 8.5 μM. CKI-7 free base is a selective Cdc7 kinase inhibitor. CKI-7 free base also inhibits SGK, ribosomal S6 kinase-1 (S6K1) and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1). CKI-7 free base has a much weaker effect on casein kinase II and other protein kinases .
SB-237376 (free base) is a potassium and calcium channel blocker. SB-237376 (free base) can inhibit the rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current I(Kr) (IC50 is 0.42 μM), and at high concentrations, it blocks the L-type calcium current I(Ca,L). In the rabbit ventricular model, SB-237376 (free base) can induce early afterdepolarizations (EADs) at a concentration of 3 µM. Compared to other IKr inhibitors such as dl-sotalol, SB-237376 has a lower proarrhythmic risk. SB-237376 (free base) holds potential for research in the field of arrhythmia-related diseases .
NGD9002 free base is a new generation of selective corticotropin-releasing factor-1 (CRF-1) receptor antagonist with inhibitory activity on CRF-induced colonic function stimulation. NGD9002 free base can reduce CRF-induced fecal output response and show an inhibitory IC50 value of 4.3 mg/kg. NGD9002 free base can effectively block CRF-induced colonic secretory motility stimulation at the highest dose and reduce acute water avoidance-induced defecation. NGD9002 free base can also prevent the occurrence of pain hypersensitivity reactions to repeated colonic distension .
(+)-ORM-10921 Free base is a compound that exhibits significant biological activity, particularly in the context of chemical synthesis studies and the preparation of pyrido [1,2-b] isoquinoline derivatives. (+)-ORM-10921 Free base is utilized as an active reagent in multi-component reactions involving alkynes and isoquinolinium ylides. (+)-ORM-10921 Free base plays a crucial role in the advancement of synthetic organic chemistry by enabling the formation of complex molecular structures.
RU 23686 free base is a piperidinylindole derivative. RU 23686 free base can be used to investigate the extent to which different neurotransmitters by the interaction with pharmacological agents .
Lilly 18947 (free base) is a selective drug-potentiating agent that synergizes carbamate insecticides. Lilly 18947 (free base) inhibits a variety of detoxication mechanisms in mammals .
PNU-282987 S enantiomer free base is the S-enantiomer of PNU-282987 free base. PNU-282987 is an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) agonist.
GSK1521498 free base (hydrochloride) is a potent and selective μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist. GSK1521498 free base (hydrochloride) is being used for the treatment of disorders of compulsive consumption of food, alcohol, and agents .
NCGC00138783 free base is a selective inhibitor targeting CD47/SIRPα axis, with an IC50 of 50 µM. NCGC00138783 free base directly blocks the interaction between CD47 and SIRPα axis .
DG051 (free acid) is an effective inhibitor of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), with a Kd of 26 nM. It has high water solubility (greater than 30 mg/mL) and high oral bioavailability (over 80% across different species). DG051 (free acid) can be used in research related to myocardial infarction and stroke .
R406 free base is an orally available and competitive Syk/FLT3 inhibitor for ATP binding with a Ki of 30 nM, potently inhibits Syk kinase activity in vitro with an IC50 of 41 nM, measured at an ATP concentration corresponding to its Km value. R406 free base reduces immune complex-mediated inflammation . R406 free base also inhibits Lyn (IC50=63 nM) and Lck (IC50=37 nM) .
ML-9 (Free Base) is a selective and potent inhibitor of Akt kinase, inhibits myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) activity . ML-9 (Free Base) inhibits inhibits MLCK, PKA and PKC activity with Ki values of 4, 32 and 54 μM, respectively . ML-9 (Free Base) induces autophagy by stimulating autophagosome formation and inhibiting their degradation .
MK-2206 free base is an orally active, highly potent and selective allosteric Akt inhibitor, with IC50s of 8, 12, and 65 nM for Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3, respectively. Many breast cancer cell lines, and PIK3CA-mutant and cell lines with PTEN loss are sensitive to MK-2206 free base. MK-2206 free base has anticancer activities .
YM218 free base is an orally active non-peptide vasopressin (AVP) receptor antagonist. YM218 free base has a high affinity for rat liver V1A receptors with a Ki value of 0.50 nM; it has a lower affinity for rat pituitary V1B, kidney V2, and uterine oxytocin receptors with Ki values of 1510 nM, 72.2 nM, and 150 nM, respectively. YM218 free base can be used in the study of diabetes and kidney disease .
Pactimibe (CS-505 free base) is a dual ACAT1/2 inhibitor with IC50s of 4.9 μM and 3.0 μM, respectively. Pactimibe (CS-505 free base) inhibits ACAT with IC50s of 2.0 μM, 2.7 μM, 4.7 μM in the liver, macrophages and THP-1 cells, respectively . Pactimibe (CS-505 free base) noncompetitively inhibits oleoyl-CoA with a Ki value of 5.6 μM. Moreover, Pactimibe (CS-505 free base) obviously inhibits cholesteryl ester formation with an IC50 of 6.7 μM. Pactimibe (CS-505 free base) possesses anti-atherosclerotic potential with lowering plasma cholesterol activity .
KW-2450 Free base is a potent multikinase inhibitor targeting Aurora A and B kinases, demonstrating significant antitumor activity against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). KW-2450 Free base effectively reduces cell viability, promotes apoptosis, and inhibits colony formation and mammosphere formation in TNBC cells. KW-2450 Free base significantly suppresses the growth of TNBC xenografts, leading to tetraploid accumulation followed by apoptosis or the survival of octaploid cells. KW-2450 Free base enhances the efficacy of combination therapy with the MEK inhibitor selumetinib, resulting in a synergistic antitumor effect in TNBC models. KW-2450 Free base also acts as an orally bioavailable inhibitor of IGF-1R and IR tyrosine kinases, contributing to its potential antineoplastic activity by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis.
GW768505A free base is a potent dual inhibitor of VEGFR2 (KDR) and Tie-2, with a pIC50 of 7.81 for VEGFR2. GW768505A free base has anti-angiogenic activity 。
Urocortin III (mouse) (free acid) is a selective CRF2 receptor agonist (with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor). Urocortin III (mouse) (free acid) significantly inhibits gastric emptying without modifying colonic transit .
MDL 72527 free base is a potent polyamine oxidase (PAO) inhibitor. MDL 72527 free base shows a lysosomotropic effect. MDL 72527 shows neuroprotective effects .
SNT207858 free base is a selective, blood brain barrier penetrating, potent and orally active melanocortin-4 (MC-4) receptor antagonist. SNT207858 free base has an IC50 of 22 nM (binding) and 11 nM (function) on the MC-4 receptor .
SSR504734 free base is an orally active, selective and reversible inhibitor of human, rat, and mouse GlyT1 (IC50=18, 15, and 38?nM, respectively). SSR504734 free base shows anti-schizophrenia, anti-anxiety and anti-depression activities .
DS-1205b free base is a potent and selective inhibitor of AXL kinase, with an IC50 of 1.3 nM. DS-1205b free base also inhibits MER, MET, and TRKA, with IC50s of 63, 104, and 407 nM, respectively. DS-1205b free base can inhibit cell migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo .
AMN082 free base, a selective, orally active, and brain penetrant mGluR7 agonist, directly activates receptor signaling via an allosteric site in the transmembrane domain. AMN082 free base potently inhibits cAMP accumulation and stimulates GTPγS binding (EC50 values, 64-290 nM) at transfected mammalian cells expressing mGluR7. AMN082 free base shows selectivity over other mGluR subtypes and selected ionotropic glutamate receptors. Antidepressant effects .
KF26777 (free base) is a potent and selective adenosine A3 receptor antagonist with an Ki value of 0.2 nM and possesses 9000-, 2350- and 3100-fold selectivity against adenosine A1, A2A and A2B receptors, respectively. KF26777 (free base) potently inhibits the [125I]AB-MECA binding to adenosine A3 receptors. KF26777 (free base) is promising for research of brain ischemia and inflammatory disease including asthma .
JTH-601 Free base is a novel alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist that exhibits potent activity in inhibiting phenylephrine-induced contractions in lower urinary tract tissues. JTH-601 Free base competitively antagonizes alpha1-adrenoceptor-mediated contractile responses, demonstrating greater potency than prazosin or tamsulosin. JTH-601 Free base is anticipated to be effective in treating urinary outlet obstruction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Erythrosine B free acid is a visibly red dye with colorimetric and fluorescent properties that serves as an important dye for many Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Erythrosine B free acid can be used for live/dead determination in both colorimetric and fluorescence-based assays for low, medium and high-throughput experimentation .
AMG-076 free base is an orally bioavailable and selective MCHR1 antagonist. AMG-076 free base results in significant reduction in body weight gain in nonobese mice fed a high-fat diet and in high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice .
Andolast (CR 2039) (free base) is an anti-allergic agent. Andolast can inhibit cAMP-phosphodiesterase with an IC50 value of 50 μM. Andolast can be used for the research of asthma .
ERK-IN-2 free base is a ERK2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.8 nM. ERK-IN-2 free base might lead to off-target toxicity and/or off-target activity at dose >10 μM .
CL316243 free acid is a highly potent selective β3-adrenoceptor agonist with a EC50 of 3 nM, but is an extremely poor to β1/2- receptors. CL316243 free acid is a effective stimulant of adipocyte lipolysis and increases brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and metabolic rate. CL316243 free acid has the potential for the treatment obesity, diabetes and urge urinary incontinence .
SIB-1553A free base is an orally bioavailable nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) agonist, with selectivity for β4 subunit-containing nAChRs. SIB-1553A free base is also a selective neuronal nAChR ligand. SIB-1553A free base is a cognitive enhancer, and has therapeutic potential for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive disorders .
Hu7691 free base is an orally active, selective Akt inhibitor with IC50s of 4.0 nM, 97.5 nM, 28 nM for Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3, respectively. Hu7691 free base inhibits tumor growth and enables decrease of cutaneous toxicity in mice .
PF-03049423 (Compound PF-5) free base is a potent and highly selective phosphodiesterase-5A inhibitor with an IC50 of about 0.2 nM for rat and human platelet enzyme. PF-03049423 free base can be used for the research of acute ischaemic stroke .
RNase A, Bovine Pancreas (Ribonuclease A) (DNase & Protease Free) is a ribonuclease, a widely used endonuclease that acts by specifically hydrolyzing cytosine or uracil residues in RNA. RNase A, Bovine Pancreas (DNase & Protease Free) is commonly used in cell cycle assays .
PZ-1922 free base is a BBB-penetrable 5-HT6R/5-HT3R antagonist (Ki: 17 nM, 0.45 nM for 5-HT6R/5-HT3R respectively). PZ-1922 free base reversibly inhibits MAO-B (pIC50: 8.93). PZ-1922 free base reverses Scopolamine (SCOP) (HY-N0296) induced memory deficits in the novel object recognition (NOR) test in rats. PZ-1922 free base prevents Aβ-induced memory decline in the T-maze test .
LY393615 (NCC1048) free base is a novel neuronal Ca 2+ (calcium channel) and Na + channel (sodium channel) blocker with IC50s of 1.9 μΜ and 5.2 μΜ for α1A and α1B calcium channel subunits. LY393615 free base has good brain penetration and neuroprotective effects in models of in cerebral ischemia that can be used for neurological disease research .
ATC0175 (free base) is a potent and selective antagonist of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCH-R1) with an IC50 value of 3.4 nM, as well as good selectivity over the Y5 and the α2A receptors. ATC0175 (free base) is promising for research of obesity .
AMI-1 free acid is a potent, cell-permeable and reversible inhibitor of protein arginine N-methyltransferases (PRMTs), with IC50s of 8.8 μM and 3.0 μM for human PRMT1 and yeast-Hmt1p, respectively. AMI-1 free acid exerts PRMTs inhibitory effects by blocking peptide-substrate binding .
PACAP (1-38) free acid TFA is an endogenous neuropeptide. PACAP (1-38) free acid TFA potently stimulates antral motility and somatostatin secretion, inhibits the secretion of gastrin and stimulates the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin releasing peptide and substance P. PACAP (1-38) free acid TFA also enhances N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor through RACK1 .
ODIPY FL EDA free base is an amine-based, green fluorescent probe. The R-NH2 of ODIPY FL EDA free base can be coupled with aldehydes or ketones to form reversible Schiff base products. Convert to stable amine derivatives using reducing agents such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride. ODIPY FL EDA free base can be used to detect modified or normal deoxynucleotides and demonstrate DNA damage and genomic DNA methylation.
Ono 3307 Free base is a novel synthetic protease inhibitor that exhibits protective effects against acute pancreatitis by preventing hyperamylasemia and pancreatic edema. Ono 3307 Free base also inhibits the redistribution of lysosomal enzymes in acinar cells and mitigates lactic dehydrogenase discharge. Ono 3307 Free base effectively reduces cathepsin B leakage from lysosomes in a dose-dependent manner.
AS2863619 free base enables conversion of antigen-specific effector/memory T cells into Foxp3 + regulatory T (Treg) cells for the treatment of various immunological diseases. AS2863619 free base is a potent, orally active cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) and CDK19 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.61 nM and 4.28 nM, respectively. STAT5 activation enhanced by AS2863619 free base inhibition of CDK8/19, which consequently activates the Foxp3 gene .
TT-OAD2 free base is a non-peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist with an EC50 of 5 nM. TT-OAD2 free base has the potential for diabetes treatment .
BMS-P5 free base is a specific and orally active peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitor. BMS-P5 free base blocks MM-induced NET formation and delays progression of MM in a syngeneic mouse model .
AHR antagonist 5 free base is a selective and orally active aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) inhibitor. AHR antagonist 5 free base effectively blocks AHR from translocating from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. AHR antagonist 5 free base is highly selective for AHR over other receptors, transporters, and kinases .
BAN ORL 24 free base is a nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide receptor (NOP) antagonist. BAN ORL 24 free base has antagonistic effect for nociceptin (NOP) receptor with KI value of 0.24 nM in CHO cell. BAN ORL 24 free base can be used for the research of cancer and analgesic .
T-448 free base is a specific, orally active and irreversible inhibitor of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1, an H3K4 demethylase), with an IC50 of 22 nM. T-448 free base enhances H3K4 methylation in primary cultured rat neurons .
SB-743921 free base is a potent selective inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin KSP (Eg5), with a Ki of 0.1 nM. SB-743921 free base can induce mitotic arrest, block cell cycle progression, induce apoptosis, and can be used in the research of myeloma, leukemia and other diseases .
AP-521 (free base) is a benzothienopyridine derivative that exhibits potent anxiolytic effects by acting as a postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor agonist and by enhancing serotonergic neural transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). AP-521 (free base) is promising for research of anxiety disorders .
AKT-IN-14 (Example 2) free baseis a potent AKTinhibitor with the IC50 values of <0.01 nM, 1.06 nM and 0.66 nM for AKT1, AKT2, AKT3, respectively. AKT-IN-14 free basecan be used in cancer research .
SR-717 free acid is a non-nucleotide STING agonist with EC50s of 2.1 μM and 2.2 μM in ISG-THP1 (WT) and ISG-THP1 cGAS KO (cGAS KO) cell lines, respectively. SR-717 free acid is a stable cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) mimetic. Antitumor activity .
CS-722 Free base is a synthesized centrally acting muscle relaxant, and has a muscle relaxant activity and depressant effectson the spinal reflex . CS-722 Free base inhibits spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents and excitatory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal cultures probably by an inhibition of both sodium and calcium currents .
Imanixil (HOE-402 free base) is an inducer of the LDL receptor (LDLR). Imanixil (HOE-402 free base) is also a potent cholesterol-lowering compound, which inhibits very low density-lipoprotein (VLDL) production, and consequently attenuates atherosclerosis development .
ITI-214 free base is a potent, CNS-active, orally bioavailable PDE1 inhibitor (Ki of 58 pM) with excellent selectivity against other PDE family members and against a panel of enzymes, receptors, transporters and ion channels. ITI-214 free base inhibits recombinant full-length human PDE1A, PDE1B and PDE1C with Kis of 33 pM, 380 pM and 35 pM, respectively. ITI-214 free base shows efficacy in various animal models of motor and cognitive functions .
Avibactam (NXL-104) free acid is a covalent and reversible non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor which inhibits β-lactamase TEM-1 and CTX-M-15 with IC50s of 8 nM and 5 nM, respectively .
ICI 169369 (free base) is an orally active, selective and non-competitive antagonist against 5HT receptor. ICI 169369 (free base) blunts the vasopressin (AVP), but not the ACTH, prolactin or growth hormone reponses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. ICI 169369 (free base) blocks centrally mediated 5-HT responses and lowers portal pressure in portal hypertensive rats .
MK-0941 free base is an orally active glucokinase activator, with EC50s of 240 and 65 nM for recombinant human glucokinase in the presence of 2.5 and 10 mM glucose, respectively. MK-0941 free base exhibits strong glucose-lowering activity and is a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of type 2 diabetes .
WS-383 free base is a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of DCN1-UBC12 interaction, with an IC50 of 11 nM. WS-383 free base inhibits Cul3/1 neddylation, induces accumulation of p21, p27 and NRF2 .
Ganfeborole (GSK656 free base) is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of M. tuberculosisleucyl-tRNA synthetase, with an IC50 of 0.20 μM. Ganfeborole can be used for the research of tuberculosis .
SUN-1334H free base is an orally active inhibitor for histamine H1 receptor, with an IC50 of 20.3 nM and Ki of 9.7 nM. SUN-1334H free base inhibits histamine-induced contractions of isolated guinea-pig ileum with an IC50 of 0.198 μM. SUN-1334H free base inhibits histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs, histamine-induced skin wheals in beagle dogs, and ovalbumin-induced rhinitis in guinea pigs .
FOY 251 free base, an anti-proteolytic active metabolite of Camostate (HY-13512), acts as a proteinase inhibitor . FOY 25 free base inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells assay .
Ensaculin free base (KA-672) is a NMDA antagonist and have high affinities to serotonergic 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors, adrenergic α1, and dopaminergic D2 and D3 receptors. Ensaculin free base is a memory-enhancing agent. Ensaculin free base has the potential as an antidementia agent acting on various transmitter systems .
JTE-607 free base, a highly selective inflammatory cytokine synthesis inhibitor, protects from endotoxin shock in mice. JTE-607 free base inhibits inflammatory cytokine production, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, from LPS-stimulated human PBMCs, with IC50s of 11, 5.9, 8.8, 7.3 and 9.1 nM, respectively . Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor 3 (CPSF3) is the target of JTE-607 free base .
ZW4864 (free base) is an orally active and selective β catenin/B-Cell lymphoma 9 protein−protein interaction (β catenin/BCL9 PPI) inhibitor. ZW4864 (free base) inhibits β catenin/BCL9 PPI with a Ki value of 0.76 μM and an IC50 value of 0.87 μM .
DDO-02005 (free base) is a potent Kv1.5 potassium channel inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.72 μM. DDO-02005 (free base) has good anti-atrial fibrillation (AF) effect in CaCl2-ACh AF rats model and effective anti-arrhythmic activity caused by aconitine .
M1069 (free base) is a selective and orall active, dual A2A/A2B adenosine receptor antagonist with a selectivity of >100 fold against the A1 and A3 receptors. M1069 (free base) counteracts immune-suppressive mechanisms of adenosine, and exhibits anti-tumor activity .
LY127210 (free base) is a potent vasodilator with antihypertensive effects that reduces pressure in chloralose-anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats primarily by direct arteriolar dilation and to a lesser extent by decreasing cardiac output. LY127210 (free base) reduces blood pressure, heart rate and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in hypertensive rats by reducing vascular resistance .
LHRH (1-5) (free acid) is a polypeptide generated by the cleavage of LHRH at the Tyr 55-Gly 66 site. LHRH (1-5) (free acid) is converted into LHRH (1-3) and LHRH (4-5) fragments under the catalysis of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (HY-P2983) .
(S)-Ro 32-0432 free base is a potent, selective, ATP-competitive and orally active PKC inhibitor. The IC50 values of (S)-Ro 32-0432 free base for PKCα, PKCβI, PKCβII, PKCγ and PKCε are 9.3 nM, 28 nM, 30 nM, 36.5 nM and 108.3 nM, respectively. (S)-Ro 32-0432 free base is also a selective G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) inhibitor. (S)-Ro 32-0432 free base prevents T-cell activation and has the potential for chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases research .
Nacubactam (OP0595 free acid) is a potent non-β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor with activity against class A and class C β-lactamases. Nacubactam (OP0595 free acid) acts as a penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2-active antibacterial, and gives β-lactamase-independent potentiation of β-lactams targeting other PBPs .
CS-003 Free base (CS-003), a triple tachykinin receptor antagonist, shows high affinities for human (Neurokinin) NK1, NK2 and NK3 receptors with Ki values of 2.3 nM, 0.54 nM and 0.74 nM, respectively. CS-003 Free base (CS-003) has therapeutic efficacy on respiratory diseases associated with neurokinins.
KB-5492 free base is a potent and selective inhibitor of sigma receptor, inhibits specific [ 3H]1,3-di(2-tolyl)guanidine (DTG) binding to the sigma receptor with an IC50 of 3.15 μM. KB-5492 free base is an anti-ulcer agent .
PARP7-IN-16 free base is the free base form of PARP7-IN-16 (HY-156419). PARP7-IN-16 free base is a selective and orally active inhibitor of PARP-1/2/7, with IC50s of 0.94, 0.87 and 0.21 nM, respectively. PARP7-IN-16 can be used for the research of breast cancer and prostate cancer .
NAS181 free base is a potent and selective antagonist of rat 5-HT1B receptor, with a Ki of 47 nM. NAS181 free base shows 13-fold selectivity for r5-HT1B over bovine 5-HT1B receptor (Ki=630 nM). NAS181 free base increases the 5-HT turnover and the synaptic concentration of 5-HT by inhibiting terminal r5-HT1B autoreceptors .
AFP-07 free acid is a derivative of 7, 7-difluoroprostacyclic and is a highly potent and selective prostacyclin receptor IP receptor agonist with a Ki value of 0.561 nM .
AC-263093 free base (AC-093) functionally activates NPFFR2 and blocks activation of NPFFR1 with pKis of 6.9 and 7.0, respectively. AC-263093 free base has the potential for reversing opiate tolerance research . .
IQ-1S free acid is a prospective inhibitor of NF-κB/activating protein 1 (AP-1) activity with an IC50 of 2.3±0.41 μM. IQ-1S free acid has binding affinity (Kd values) in the nanomolar range for all three JNKs with Kds of 100 nM, 240 nM, and 360 nM for JNK3, JNK1, and JNK2, respectively.
AJS1669 free acid is a potent and orally available glycogen synthase (GS) activator. AJS1669 improves glucose metabolism and reduces body fat mass in mice[1].
S 8849-1 (free base) (Tianeptine metabolite MC5) is a Tianeptine (HY-90003) metabolite that is found in plasma. The mean elimination half-lives of S 8849-1 (free base) is 7.53 h in rats. S 8849-1 (free base) is promising for research of antidepressants .
FNDR-20123 free base is a safe, first-in-class, and orally active anti-malarial HDAC inhibitor with IC50s of 31 nM and 3 nM for Plasmodium and human HDAC, respectively. FNDR-20123 free base exerts anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum asexual stage (IC50=41 nM) and sexual blood stage (IC50=190 nM for male gametocytes). FNDR-20123 free base inhibits HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, and HDAC8 (IC50=25, 29, 2, 11, and 282 nM, respectively) and inhibits Class III HDAC isoforms at nanomolar concentrations .
Dianemycin (Nanchangmycin free acid), a polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nanchangensis NS3226, inhibits gram-positive bacteria . Nanchangmycin is a broad spectrum antiviral active against Zika virus .
Aβ42-IN-1 free base (compound 1v) is an orally active, high brain exposure γ-secretase modulator. Aβ42-IN-1 free base potently reduces Aβ42 levels with an IC50 value of 0.091 µM, and significantly reduces brain Aβ42 levels in mice. Aβ42-IN-1 free base is a promising compound for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease .
Parogrelil (NT-702 free base) is a compound with intermittent claudication inhibitory activity that inhibits PDE3, inhibits platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, and improves walking distance and plantar surface temperature in a rat experimental model.
SC 51089 free base is a selective antagonist of prostaglandin E2 EP1 receptor, with Kis of 1.3, 11.2, 17.5, and 61.1 μM for EP1, TP, EP3, and FP receptors, respectively. SC 51089 free base exhibits neuroprotective activity .
Lenapenem (BO-2727 free acid), a carbapenem antibiotic, has potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa .
IGUANA-1 free base (STL5-T-0057) is an selective ALDH1 B1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 30 nM. IGUANA-1 free base inhibits cell growth of SW480 cells in adherent and spheroid conditions with IC50 values of 2.46 and 0.39 μM, respectively. IGUANA-1 free base can be used for the research of cancer .
DMP-728 free base (XL-118) is a highly potent and selective GPIIb/IIIa antagonist with antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities. DMP-728 free base can inhibit ADP-induced human platelet aggregation in vitro, with an IC50 of 46 nmol/L, and can significantly reduce the interaction between fibrinogen and human platelets or Binding of purified human GPIIb/IIIa receptors. DMP-728 free base exhibits dose-dependent antiplatelet effects in anesthetized mongrel dogs, effectively inhibiting ADP-induced platelet aggregation and prolonging template bleeding time .
SB-334867 free base (SB334867A free base) is an excellent, selective and blood–brain barrier permeable orexin-1 (OX1) receptor antagonist, shows selectivity over OX2 (pKb=7.4), 100-fold over 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C with pKi values of 5.4 and 5.3, respectively . SB-334867 reduces ethanol consumption and inhibits the acquisition of morphine-induced sensitization to locomotor activity in vivo .
SR-31747 free base is a sigma ligand with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. SR-31747 blocks cell proliferation by inhibiting sterol isomerase .
Endoproteinase Lys-C (Tag-free) is a protease that cleaves proteins on the C-terminal side of lysine residues and is commonly used for protein sequencing .
SSR126768A free base is an orally active antagonist for oxytocin receptor, with Ki of 0.44 nM. SSR126768A free base is a tocolytic agent, that antagonizes the Oxytocin (HY-17571)-induced intracellular Ca 2+ increase and prostaglandin release in human uterine smooth muscle cells, inhibits thus the Oxytocin (HY-17571)-induced uterine contraction and delays parturition in pregnant rats in labor .
FR 167653 free base, an orally active and selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, is a potent suppressor of TNF-α and IL-1β production via specific inhibition of p38 MAPK activity. FR 167653 free base is effective in treating inflammation, relieving trauma and ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo .
OPC-14523 free base is an orally active sigma and 5-HT1A receptor agonist, with high affinity for sigma receptors (σ1/2 IC50=47/56 nM), the 5-HT1A receptor (IC50=2.3 nM), and the 5-HT transporter (IC50=80 nM). OPC-14523 free base shows antidepressant-like activity .
Recombinant DNase I (RNase-free) is a recombinant deoxyribonuclease that degrades DNA. Recombinant DNase I is essential for limiting inflammatory responses and maintaining homeostasis .
Zatebradine (UL-FS-49 (free base); UL-FS-49CL (free base)) is a potent inhibitor of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels with an IC50 value of 1.96 µM. Zatebradine blocks the slow inward current through human HCN1, HCN2, HCN3 and HCN4 channels, with IC50 values of 1.83 µM, 2.21 µM, 1.90 µM and 1.88 µM, respectively .
BMS-960 free base is a potent and selective S1P1 receptor agonist containing isoxazole, which can be used in the research of immune diseases and vascular diseases .
Ceftaroline fosamil (inner) (TAK-599 free acid), a cephalosporin derivative, is an N-phosphono proagent of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) T-91825. Ceftaroline fosamil (inner) can be used for the research of MRSA infection .
GalNAc-L96 free base is a triantennary GalNAc ligand that can be used for the synthesis of GalNAc-siRNA . GalNAc is a ligand of ASGPR (asialoglycoprotein receptor).
Dersalazine (UR-12746 free base) is an inhibitor of platelet-activating factor, exhibiting intestinal anti-inflammatory activity and potential efficacy in treating ulcerative colitis.
Tamsulosin ((R)-(-)-YM12617 free base) is an inhibitor of α1-adrenergic receptor. Tamsulosin is used for the research of prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm growth in animal models .
LEI-101 free base is a selective and orally bioavailable CB2 receptor agonist with the potential to inhibit diseases associated with inflammation and/or oxidative stress. LEI-101 free base has a binding potency to CB2 receptors that is approximately 100 times higher than that to CB1 receptors. Its pEC50 value on CB2 receptors is 8, while its pKi value on hERG is less than 4. LEI-101 may have an inhibitory effect on conditions such as kidney disease .
Dutogliptin (PHX-1149 free base) is an orally available, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
BRL 22321 free base is a stabilizer with similar mast cell stabilizing activity to Cromolyn sodium (HY-B0320A) and also has some smooth muscle relaxant activity. BRL 22321 free base is more potent than Cromolyn sodium (HY-B0320A) in inhibiting rat passive cutaneous and peritoneal anaphylaxis and antigen-induced histamine release from passively sensitized rat peritoneal cells .
FR183998 free base is a potent Na +/H +-exchange inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.3 nM, 3.1 nM and 6.5 nM by measurement of pHi change in rat lymphocytes, rat and human platelets, respectively.
SRA880 (free base) is a compound with antidepressant-modulating effects. It is a somatostatin-1 autoreceptor antagonist that can synergize with imipramine to produce antidepressant-like effects and affect BDNF mRNA expression and phosphorylation of related proteins.
3D-Monophosphoryl Lipid (12,16) (3D-MPL (12,16)) free acid is a TLR agonist that can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines .
Matriptase-IN-2 free base is a matriptase inhibitor with a Ki of 5 nM. Matriptase-IN-2 has the potential for musculoskeletal system disorder research (WO2011023958A1; compound 432) .
Azasetron ((Rac)-SENS-401 free base) is an antiemetic drug with 5-HT3 receptor antagonist activity. Azasetron is often used as a preventive measure for postoperative nausea and vomiting or chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Azasetron does not impair neutrophil chemotaxis or phagocytosis and does not scavenge O(-)(2) or H(2)O(2) generated by cell-free systems .
Bovine Serum Albumin (Low Endotoxin,Fatty acid free) (BSA) is a 583-residue protein consisting of three homologous all-α domains, organized in a heart-shaped structure. BSA is a globular protein that is used in numerous biochemical applications.
Mizagliflozin (DSP-3235 free base) is a potent, orally active and selective SGLT1 inhibitor, with a Ki of 27 nM for human SGLT1. Mizagliflozin displays 303-fold selectivity over SGLT2. Mizagliflozin is used as an antidiabetic agent that can modify postprandial blood glucose excursion. Mizagliflozin also exhibits potential in the amelioration of chronic constipation .
Ropanicant (SUVN-911 free base) is a novel, potent, selective, and orally active neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine α4β2 receptor antagonist for the research of depression .
Diquafosol (INS365 free base) is a potent P2Y2 agonist. Diquafosol nhibits apoptosis and decreases ROS generation. Diquafosol has the potential for the research of dry eye .
Fosinopril (SQ28555 free acid) is the ester proagent of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.18 μM. Fosinopril demonstrates a non-competitive inhibition effect on ACE activity with an Ki value of 1.675 μM .
Fexapotide (NX-1207 free acid) induces apoptosis selectively, reducing prostate volume at a cellular level. Fexapotide can be used in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) research .
Aptiganel (CNS 1102 (free base)), peptide, is a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist with cerebroprotective effects. Aptiganel can be used for the research of stroke .
(S)-Setastine ((S)-EGIS-2062 free acid) is a non-sedating, highly potent antagonist of H1 receptor-mediated responses. (S)-Setastine has a long-lasting antihistamine effect and good oral efficacy. (S)-Setastine can be used in the research of allergic diseases .
Thioquinapiperifil (KF31327 free base), a potent, selective and non-competitive phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5, IC50 of 0.074 nM) inhibitor, is used for sexual enhancement study .
Dazostinag (TAK-676 free base) is an agonist of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein with antineoplastic activity. Dazostinag can serve as a playload to synthesis antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) .
Quinelorane (LY163502 free base) is a dopamine D2 receptor agonist. Quinelorane promotes semen ejaculation but inhibits penile erection in rats. Quinelorane can be used in the study of sexual dysfunction .
MD 780236 free base is a substrate and selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), competitive with phenylethylamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) .
Pramiracetam (CI-879 free base) is a PREP (prolyl endopeptidase) inhibitor. Pramiracetam improves cognitive impairment caused by traumatic brain injury. Pramiracetam can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases .
Fingolimod (FTY720 free base) is a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) antagonist with an IC50 of 0.033 nM in K562 and NK cells. Fingolimod also is a pak1 activator, a immunosuppressant .
Nicardipine (YC-93 free base) is a calcium channel blocker with an IC50 of 1 μM for blocking cardiac calcium channels. Nicardipine acts as an agent for chronic stable angina and for controlling blood pressure .
Trazodone (AF-1161 free base) is a serotonin receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor. Trazodone can be used for the research of major depressive disorder. Trazodone also has potential for sleep disorder research .
Nortopixantrone (BBR 3438 free base) is a 9-aza-anthrapyrazole-based antineoplastic antibiotic. Nortopixantrone plays an important role in cacner research .
Bendamustine (SDX-105 free base), a purine analogue, is a DNA cross-linking agent. Bendamustine activates DNA-damage stress response and apoptosis. Bendamustine has potent alkylating, anticancer and antimetabolite properties .
Firazorexton (TAK-994 free base) is an orally active, brain-permeable orexin type 2 receptor (OX2R) agonist. Firazorexton has the potential to improve narcolepsy like symptoms .
Indinavir (MK-639 free base) is an orally active and selective HIV-1 protease inhibitor with a Ki of 0.54 nM for PR. Indinavir exhibits anticancer activity by inhibiting the activation of MMPs-2 hydrolysis, anti-angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis. Indinavir is also a SARS-CoV 3CL pro inhibitor .
Ladarixin (DF 2156A free base) is an orally active, allosteric non-competitive and dual CXCR1 and CXCR2 antagonist. Ladarixin can be used for the research of COPD and asthma .
Cefcanel daloxate (KY-109 (free base)) is an orally active cephalosporin prodrug against Gram-positive bacteria and Haemophilus influenzae. Cefcanel daloxate is promising for research of uremia .
M62812 (free base) is a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal transduction inhibitor. M62812 can suppress endothelial cell and leukocyte activation and prevents lethal septic shock in mice. M62812 can be used for the research of sepsis .
JNJ-18038683 free base is a 5-Hydroxytryptamine Type 7 (5-HT7) receptor antagonist, with pKis of 8.19, 8.20 for rat and human 5-HT7 in HEK293 cells, respectively.
Azumolene (EU4093 free base), a Dantrolene analog, is a muscle relaxant. Azumolene is a ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator and inhibits the calcium-release through ryanodine receptor. Azumolene can be used for malignant hyperthermia research .
Belotecan (CKD-602 free base) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor. Belotecan induces cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. Belotecan is a camptothecin analogue with anti-tumor effects, it can be used for the research of cancer .
MT-7716 free base (W-212393) is a selective non-peptide nociceptin receptor (NOP) agonist and promising potential treatment drug for alcohol abuse and relapse prevention .
Ibutilide (U70226E free base), an action potential-prolonging antiarrhythmic, is a potent blocker of the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K + current (IKr) in AT-1 cells .
Ebiratide (HOE-427 free base) is an ACTH 4-9 derivative, which acts directly on the central nervous system and exhibits memory-enhancing efficacy. Ebiratide enhances acetycholine (ACh) metabolism in rat brain .
RNase A (10mg/mL, DNase free) is a ribonuclease used to catalyze RNA degradation without containing DNase. RNase A is often employed in cell cycle assay .
16-DOXYL-stearic Acid Free Radical (2-(14-Carboxytetradecyl)-2-ethyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxy Free Radical; 16-DSA) is a form of stearic acid containing a 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxy (DOXYL) group that forms a hydrophobic spin label. It is often used to study molecular aspects of membranes and hydrophobic proteins.
Ramosetron (YM060 free base) is an orally active 5-HT3 antagonist that improves dysphoria, interference with activity and food avoidance. Ramosetron is promising for research of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea .
YM471 free base is a non-peptide antagonist of vasopressin V1A and V2 receptors with potent and persistent antagonistic activity. YM471 exhibits high affinity for rat V1A and V2 receptors with K values of 0.16 and 0.77 nM, respectively .
Halofantrine (SKF-102886 free base) is a highly lipophilic antimalarial active against Chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum . Halofantrine blocks HERG potassium channels .
CHF 4227 free base is an orally active and selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with high affinity to the human estrogen receptor-α and -β (Ki values of 0.017 nM and 0.099 nM, respectively) .
15(R)-17-Phenyl trinor Prostaglandin F2α (15-epi Bimatoprost free acid) is a prostaglandin F (FP) analog that acts as an ocular hypotensive agent. The free acid 17-Phenyl trinor Prostaglandin F2α is a potent FP receptor agonist. 15(R)-17-Phenyl trinor Prostaglandin F2α is the 15-epi or "unnatural" isomer of this active free acid metabolite and has reduced FP receptor agonist activity.
Fasitibant chloride (MEN16132 free base) is a potent and selective nonpeptide bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) antagonist. Fasitibant chloride reduces joint pain and diminishes joint oedema in Carrageenan-induced arthritis rat model .
β-Aminoarteether (SM934 free base) is an Artemisinin derivative with orally active. β-Aminoarteether can be used for inflammation and autoimmune disease research, such as lupus diseases .
tracurium (BW-33A free acid) is a potent, competitive and non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent.Atracurium also is an AChR receptor antagonist. Atracurium induces bronchoconstriction and neuromuscular blockade. Atracurium promotes astroglial differentiation .
Vari Fluor 647A Carboxylic acid (VF 647A Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
ADRA1D receptor antagonist 1 (free base) (compound (R)-9s) is an orally active, potent and selective human α1D-adrenoceptor (α1D-AR) antagonist (Ki=1.6 nM). ADRA1D receptor antagonist 1 (free base) dose-dependently inhibits bladder contraction with an IC30 value of 15 nM. ADRA1D receptor antagonist 1 (free base) can be used in studies of overactive bladder disorders such as urinary urgency, frequency and incontinence.
E/Z-SIS3 free base exhibits an inhibitory efficacy against smad3, exhibits an anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effect through a TGF-β/smad3 signaling pathway .
OT-551 (free base) is a lipophilic, disubstituted hydroxylamine with antioxidant properties. OT-551 can be used as an eye drop and can be converted by intraocular esterases to its active metabolite, Tempol-H (TP-H). OT-551 can be utilized in geographic atrophy and macular degeneration research .
Furegrelate (U-63557A free acid) is a potent, orally available, and selective thromboxane synthase inhibitor. Furegrelate inhibits human platelet microsomal thromboxane A2 (TxA2) synthase with an IC50 of 15 nM. Furegrelate is being developed as an antiplatelet agent .
Fluvastatin (XU 62-320 free acid) is a first fully synthetic, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM. Fluvastatin protects vascular smooth muscle cells against oxidative stress through the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway .
Oxprenolol (Ba 39089 free base) is an orally bioavailable β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonist with a Ki of 7.10 nM in a radioligand binding assay using rat heart muscle .
Clamikalant (HMR 1098 free base) is a compound used to suppress cardiac arrhythmias. It prevents the reduction of the refractory period during ventricular fibrillation in dogs and also shows antiarrhythmic effects in a rabbit heart model.
Sepimostat (FUT-187 free base) exhibits neuroprotective activity via NR2B N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism at the Ifenprodil-binding site of the NR2B subunit. Sepimostat inhibits the Ifenprodil binding with a Ki value of 27.7 µM .
Fomivirsen (ISIS-2922 free base) is an antisense 21 mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide. Fomivirsen is an antiviral agent that is used CMV research, incluiding in AIDs. Fomivirsen binds to and degrades the mRNAs encoding CMV immediate-early 2 protein, thus inhibiting virus proliferation .
XL-784 free base is a selective matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibitor, with IC50s of ~1900, 0.81, 120, 10.8, 18, 0.56 nM for MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-13, respectively .
NW-1172 (free base) (compound 22b) is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with performance-enhancing activity in a delayed matching task in monkeys, with the (R) isomer producing more systematic improvements than the (S) isomer, a difference paralleled by the higher affinity of the (R) enantiomer for the 5-HT3 receptor.
Neuropeptide Y (human) free acid upregulates the adhesiveness of human endothelial cells for leukocytes. Neuropeptide Y belongs to the pancreatic polypeptide family, plays an important role in circadian rhythms, neurogenesis, and neuroprotection, nociception, feeding behavior, energy regulation, neuronal excitability, emotion, cognition, and stress response .
Pexiganan (MSI 78 free base) is a synthetic analog of magainin 2. Pexiganan is a potent and orally active broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide. Pexiganan can be used in the research of infections, such as diabetic foot ulcer infections .
(Rac)-Enadoline ((Rac)-CI-977 free base) is a selective K-opioid receptor agonist that stereoselectively antagonizes clonic seizures induced by slow intravenous injection of N-methyl-DL-aspartate in mice .
Nolatrexed (AG 337 free base) is a compound with antifolate activity, high oral bioavailability, and major toxicity at inhibitory doses is gastrointestinal reactions. It can be safely taken orally at specific doses for inhibition, with effects on platelets and neutrophils.
DOV-216,303 (Free Base) is a potent triple serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, with IC50 values of 14 nM, 20 nM and 78 nM for hSERT, hNET and hDAT, respectively . Has antidepressant-like effects and increases monoamine release in the prefrontal cortex of olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) rats .
Valategrast (R-411 free base) is a potent and orally active integrin α4β1 (VLA-4) and α4β7 dual antagonist. Valategrast has the potential for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma treatment .
Elgodipine (IQB-875 free base) is an orally active dihydropyridine calcium antagonist and an antianginal compound. Elgodipine inhibits both T- and L-type calcium channels (IC50: 32 and 2.3 nM). Elgodipine lowers systemic vascular resistance and improves systolic cardiac function .
SR 57227A Free base is a highly selective compound for both peripheral and central 5-HT3 receptors and acts as an inhibitor of NMDA receptor-mediated responses in rat cortical pyramidal cells, demonstrating antidepressant-like effects in rats while reducing isolation-induced aggressive behavior.
5-HT2 agonist-1 (Compound 24) free base is a 5-HT2A & 5-HT2B & 5-HT2C agonist, with IC50s of 10 nM, 8.3, and 1.6 nM respectively. 5-HT2 agonist-1 free base can be used for research of depression, alcoholism, tobacco and cocaine addiction, inflammation, cluster headache, PTSD, seizure disorders and other CNS disorders .
Vari Fluor 750 Carboxylic acid (VF 750 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 555 Carboxylic acid (VF 555 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 640 Carboxylic acid (VF 640 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 488 Carboxylic acid (VF 488 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 532 Carboxylic acid (VF 532 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 594 Carboxylic acid (VF 594 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 660 Carboxylic acid (VF 660 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 568 Carboxylic acid (VF 568 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 680 Carboxylic acid (VF 680 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
AZ1729 is a potent free fatty acid 2 receptor (FFA2) activator, acting as a direct allosteric agonist and as a positive allosteric modulator. AZ1729 increases the activity of the endogenously produced short chain fatty acid propionate in Gi-mediated pathways, but not at those transduced by Gq/G11. AZ1729 induces inhibition of isoproterenol-induced lipolysis in mouse adipocytes. AZ1729 also can Induce migration of human neutrophils. AZ1729 can be used for researching the signaling pathways of the physiological roles of FFA2 .
GSK189254A (GSK189254 free base) is a novel, potent and selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist with pKi values of 9.59-9.90 and 8.51-9.17 for human and rat H3, respectively.
Tulobuterol (C-78 free base) is a long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist, which reduces the frequency of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma. Tulobuterol is also a sympathomimetic agent used as a transdermal patch, and increases normal diaphragm muscle strength .
Apraclonidine (ALO 2145 (free base)), a selective α2 and weak α1 receptor agonist activity, effectively low intraocular pressure (IOP) in human eyes. Apraclonidine hydrochloride is a topical ophthalmic solution .
Mipomersen (ISIS 301012 free base) is an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of apolipoprotein B (apoB). Mipomersen has anti-HCV effect and reduces the infectivity of the HCV. Mipomersen can be used for the research of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) .
Alogliptin (SYR-322 free base) is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of DPP-4 with an IC50 of <10 nM, and exhibits greater than 10,000-fold selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9. Alogliptin can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes .
Itopride (HSR803 free base) is a potent and orally active dopamine-2 antagonist and an acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor. Itopride enhances gastric motility through both antidopaminergic and anti-acetylcholinesterasic actions, can be used as a gastrointestinal prokinetic agent. Itopride can be used for researching gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) .
Zaldaride (CGS-9343B free base) is a potent, orally active and selective inhibitor of calmodulin. Zaldaride inhibits CaM (calmodulin)-stimulated cAMP phosphodiesterase activity, with an IC50 of 3.3 nM . Zaldaride prevents estrogen-induced transcription activation by ER, reversibly blocks voltage-activated Na +, Ca 2+ and K + currents in PC12 cells and inhibits nAChR .
Detajmium (Tachmalcor free base) is a Na?-channel blocker with activity to inhibit ventricular conduction and refractoriness. Detajmium (0.3μM) prolongs intraventricular conduction time comparable to propafenone (0.3μM) during sinus rhythm, but the time constant for reaching steady state during rapid ventricular pacing is significantly longer for Detajmium, indicating a unique temporal profile for its heart rate-dependent effects.
YM-44781 free acid is a non-peptide neuropeptide receptor antagonist with efficient NK(2) and NK(1) receptor antagonist activity. YM-44781 exhibits significant binding affinity on the NK(2) receptor (pKi = 9.94) and also on the NK(1) receptor Higher binding affinity (pKi = 9.09). In addition, YM-44781 also showed significant inhibitory effects on bladder contraction induced by selective NK(1) receptor agonists .
Vari Fluor 647 Carboxylic acid free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivative is an inactive labeled fluorescent dye, which can be used to label proteins, antibodies, polysaccharides. The use of Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives requires carboxylic acid activation.
Donepezil (Standard) is the analytical standard of Donepezil. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Donepezil (E2020 free base) is a specific and potent AChE inhibitor with IC50s of 8.12 nM and 11.6 nM for bovine AChE and human AChE, respectively .
Indeloxazine ((rac)-AS1069562 free base) is a brain active compound with anti-amnesic activity. Indeloxazine significantly prolonged the step latency in senescence accelerated mice (SAM-P/8/Ta), indicating that it has a promoting effect on brain function. Indeloxazine has a broader pharmacology than piracetam and exhibits stronger anti-amnesic activity. Indeloxazine has also been used as an anticonvulsant compound, further supporting its potential use in neuroprotection and behavioral improvement .
Arimoclomol (BRX-220 free base) is an orally active co-inducer of heat shock proteins (HSP) . Arimoclomol protects motor neurons by enhancing Hsp expression, thus directly affecting protein aggregation and clearance of misfolded assemblies via the proteasome-ubiquitin system .Arimoclomol can be used for the study of Niemann–Pick disease type C.
Valnivudine (FV-100 free base), a proagent of CF-1743, is an orally active anti-herpes zoster (HZ) nucleoside analogue. CF-1743, a bicyclic nucleoside analog (BCNA), has highly specific antiviral activity against varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Valnivudine is rapidly and extensively converted to CF-1743 in vivo .
Imidapril (TA-6366 free base) is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and MMP-9 inhibitor. Imidapril suppresses the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and thereby reduces total peripheral resistance and systemic blood pressure. Imidapril can be used for hypertension, type 1 diabetic, nephropathy and chronic heart failure research .
Eprosartan (SKF-108566J free base) is a selective, competitive, nonpeptid and orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist, used as an antihypertensive. Eprosartan binds angiotensin II receptor with IC50s of 9.2 nM and 3.9 nM in rat and human adrenal cortical membranes, respectively .
(S)-Nicardipine ((S)-YC-93 free base) is the less active S enantiomer of Nicardipine. Nicardipine is a calcium channel blocker with an IC50 of 1 μM for blocking cardiac calcium channels. Nicardipine acts as an agent for chronic stable angina and for controlling blood pressure .
(-)-Halofantrine ((-)-SKF-102886 free base; (-)-WR-171669) is an inhibitor of the malignant malaria parasite (P. falciparum) and targets multidrug-resistant P. falciparum. The pharmacokinetic parameters of (-)-Halofantrine in rats vary depending on the route of administration, distinguishing it from other isomers .
(R)-Butaprost (free acid). Butaprost is a structural analog of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with good selectivity for the EP2 receptor subtype. Butaprost is frequently used pharmacologically to define the expression profile of EP receptors in various human and animal tissues and cells. Gardiner caused serious confusion about the structure of butaprost in 1986 when he reported that the epimer of butaprost showing this selective activity was the C-16 (R)-epimer ( See reference 2 and notes). To increase the binding affinity of (R)-butaprost to prostaglandin receptors, we removed the methyl ester of (R)-butaprost and recreated the native C-1 carboxylic acid. Prostaglandin freeacids typically bind their cognate receptors with 10 to 100-fold higher affinity than the corresponding ester derivatives. The pharmacology of (R)-butaprost has not been carefully studied, but it is generally considered to be the less active C-16 epimer. (Note: In the 1986 Gardiner paper in the British Journal of Pharmacology, butaprost appears on page 46 under the designation TR 4979. The structure drawn is incorrect because the authors use and refer to the more active C - The 16 epimer, which is actually 16(S). The structure on page 46 shows the structure as 16(R). It was not until the late 1990s that careful studies in the United States and Japan correctly determined the actual structure of C-16 The type is 16(S) in a compound called butaprost.)
Pibrozelesin (KW 2189 free base) is the derivative of antibiotic Duocarmycin B2. Pibrozelesin exhibits antitumor activity, inhibits proliferation of cell H69 with an IC50 of 1.9 μM. Pibrozelesin induces the DNA strand breaks upon activation via carboxyl esterase .
Berubicin (RTA 744 free base; WP 744) is a 4'-O-benzyldoxorubicin that inhibits P-gp and MRP1-mediated efflux and has anticancer activity. Berubicin inhibits glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and exhibits cytotoxicity. Berubicin has poor bioavailability in mice .
Sertaconazole (FI7056 free base) is a broad-spectrum topical antifungal agent, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity via activation of a p38-COX-2-PGE2 pathway. Sertaconazole is also a microtubule inhibitor, shows antiproliferative effect, induces apoptosis and autophagy, and can also inhibit the migration of cells .
Eritoran （E5564 free base） is a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist. Eritoran protects mice against lethal influenza virus infection, such as Ebola virus (EBOV), Marburg virus (MARV). Eritoran decreases the level of granulocytosis, may alleviate the severity of the "cytokine storm". Eritoran inhibits pathogenesis of filovirus infection. Eritoran has anti-inflammatory activity .
Timelotem (KC-7507 free base) is a representative of a class of 1, 2-cyclo1, 4-benzodiazepines. Timelotem shows significant antipsychotic properties. Timelotem produces sedative, anti-anxiety and anti-convulsant effects by enhancing the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Timelotem can be used in studies of schizophrenia and other mental disorders .
Domatinostat (4SC-202 free base) is a selective class I HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 1.20 μM, 1.12 μM, and 0.57 μM for HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, respectively. It also displays inhibitory activity against Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1).
BRD7-IN-1 free base, a modified derivative of BI7273 (BRD7/9 inhibitor), binds to a VHL ligand via a linker to form a PROTAC VZ185 (VZ185 against BRD7/9 with DC50s of 4.5 and 1.8 nM, respectively) .
Abetimus (LJP 394 free base) is an immunosuppressant consisting of four double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) oligonucleotides. Abetimus is capable of crosslinking anti-dsDNA antibodies on the surface of B cells, and decreases anti-dsDNA antibodies levels. Abetimus has the potential for research of systemic lupus erythematosus .
Elomotecan (BN 80927 free base) is a potent inhibitor of topoisomerases I and II. Elomotecan is a camptothecin analog belonging to the homocamptothecin family (hCPT). Elomotecan reduces the proliferation of different tumor cells with higher potency than other anticancer agents of reference targeting topoisomerases I and II .
(R)-Nicardipine ((R)-YC-93 free base) is the less active R enantiomer of Nicardipine. Nicardipine (YC-93) is a calcium channel blocker with an IC50 of 1 μM for blocking cardiac calcium channels. Nicardipine acts as an agent for chronic stable angina and for controlling blood pressure .
Amelparib (JPI-289 free base) is a potent, orally active, and water-soluble inhibitor of PARP-1. Amelparib inhibits PARP-1 activity (IC50=18.5 nM) and cellular PAR formation (IC50=10.7 nM) in the nanomolar range. Amelparib is a potential neuroprotective agent. Amelparib has the potential for the research of acute ischaemic stroke .
Imagabalin (PD-0332334 free base) is an active compound with activity for studying neurological diseases. The synthesis of imagabalin involves the reaction of 3-methylvaleric acid and Meldrum acid. During the synthesis of imagabalin, an acyl chloride intermediate species, 3-methylvaleryl chloride, was revealed for the first time. The synthesis of imagabalin also provided new information about the reaction mechanism, indicating that 3-methylvaleric anhydride is an important intermediate .
Cyclosporin A-Derivative 1 (Free base) is a crystalline intermediate derived from the opening of cyclosporin A extracted from patent WO 2013167703 A1. Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressive agent which can bind to the cyclophilin and inhibit calcineurin.
Velnacrine (HP 029 free base) is an inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with an IC50 of 3.27 μM. Velnacrine reverses the Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced amnesia in rat models, and exhibits acute toxicity with LD50 of 65 mg/kg .
(Z)-Leukadherin-1 (ADH-503 free base) is an orally active and allosteric CD11b agonist. (Z)-Leukadherin-1 leads to the repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages, reduction in the number of tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive myeloid cells, and enhances dendritic cell responses .
Articaine (Hoe-045 free base) is an amide agent that can suppress or relieve pain. containing an ester group, reversibly binding to the α-subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channels within the inner cavity of the nerve, can provide effective pain relief. Articaine ameliorates LPS-induced acute kidney injury via inhibition of NF-κB activation and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway .
Astodrimer (SPL7013 free base) is a large (3-4 nm, ~ 16.5 kDa), negatively charged, highly-branched dendrimer, is a potent virucidal agent. Astodrimer shows antiviral and virucidal activity against a broad spectrum of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2, HPV. Astodrimer also has antibacterial properties .
Pruvanserin (EMD 281014 free acid) is a selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist. Pruvanserin alleviates tactile allodynia in diabetic rats. Pruvanserin can also be used for research of insomnia .
Nepaprazole (rel-TY-11345 free base) is a proton pump inhibitor. Nepaprazole inhibits H +/K +-ATPase activity in isolated rabbit gastric mucosal microsomes with the IC50 values of 5.8 μM and 9.9 μM at pH 6.0 and pH 7.4, respectively. Nepaprazole can be used for study of peptic ulcer diseases .
(Rac)-Moxifloxacin ((Rac)-BAY 12-8039 free base) is the isoform of Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride (HY-66011), which is an oral 8-methoxyquinolone antimicrobial for use in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia .
Perospirone (SM-9018 free base) is an orally active antagonist of 5-HT2A receptor (Ki=0.6 nM) and dopamine D2 receptor (Ki=1.4 nM), and also a partial agonist of 5-HT1A receptor (Ki=2.9 nM). Perospirone is an atypical antipsychotic agent and has the potential for schizophrenic disease research .
Nebentan (YM598 free base) is a potent, selective and orally active non-peptide endothelin ETA receptor antagonist through the modification of Bosentan (HY-A0013). Nebentan inhibits [ 125I] endothelin-1 binding to cloned human endothelin ETA and ETB receptor, with Ki of 0.697 nM and 569 nM, respectively . YM598 can ameliorate the progression of cor pulmonale and myocardial infarction in vivo .
RX 801077 (2 BFI free base) is a selective imidazoline I2 receptor (I2R) agonist with a Ki value of 70.1 nM. RX 801077 shows anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. RX 801077 has the potential for the research of traumatic brain injury (TBI) .
Zabofloxacin (DW-224a Free base) is a potent and seletive inhibitor of the bacterial type II and IV topoisomerases. Zabofloxacin has excellent activity against gram-positive pathogens including Steptococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and S.pneumonia. Zabofloxacin is a novel fluoronaphthyridone quinolone that is considered as an alternative antibiotic for treatment of quinolone-susceptible (QSSP) and quinolone-resistant gonorrhea (QRSP) .
Vonoprazan (TAK-438 free base), a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is a potent and orally active potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), with antisecretory activity. Vonoprazan inhibits H +,K +-ATPase activity in porcine gastric microsomes with an IC50 of 19 nM at pH 6.5. Vonoprazan is developed for the research of acid-related diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease. Vonoprazan can be used for eradication of Helicobacter pylori .
Montelukast (MK0476 free base) is a potent, selective and orally active antagonist of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1). Montelukast can be used for the reseach of asthma and liver injury. Montelukast also has an antioxidant effect in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and could reduce cardiac damage. Montelukast decreases eosinophil infiltration into the asthmatic airways. Montelukast can also be used for COVID-19 research .
CGP 54626A (free base) is a GABAB receptor modulator, which is essential in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is used as a tool to identify and characterize GABAB receptor agonists and antagonists, which will aid in the development of drugs targeting diseases related to these systems. This discovery involves purified GABAB receptors, receptor proteins and their encoding nucleic acids, facilitating the study of new members of the GABAB receptor family through DNA cloning technology and sequence-derived probes .
Leteprinim (AIT-082 free acid), a purine analog, is a neuroprotective agent and cognitive enhancer. Leteprinim is a hypoxanthine derivative neurotrophic agent. Leteprinim can induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA production following spinal cord lesions, and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA production in basal forebrain. Leteprinim reduces glutamate toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Leteprinim increases heme-oxygenase 1 and 2 mRNA levels that play role in cellular defense against reactive oxygen species .
FMS586 free base is a selective neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor antagonist with oral activity. FMS586 can completely block the significant increase in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol caused by the Y(5) selective agonist hPP. FMS586 also reversed the significant upregulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone (CRF) and antidiuretic hormone (AVP) mRNA expression induced by central injection of hPP. FMS586 provides the first evidence that selective stimulation of Y(5) receptors triggers activation of the HPA axis .
SNAP5089 Free base is a selective α1A-adrenoceptor antagonist with over 1700-fold selectivity for the α1A subtype, which may have implications for the treatment of hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy. SNAP5089 demonstrates significant receptor affinity compared to other clinical drugs, emphasizing its potential therapeutic advantages. SNAP5089's high affinity aligns with its suitability for conditions where precise α1A modulation is desirable.
Rivastigmine (ENA 713 free base) is an orally active and potent cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor and inhibits butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesteras (AChE) with IC50s of 0.037 μM , 4.15 μM, respectively. Rivastigmine can pass the blood brain barrier (BBB). Rivastigmine is a parasympathomimetic or cholinergic agent used for the research of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type and dementia due to Parkinson's disease .
Desmethyl Erlotinib (OSI-420 free base) is an active metabolite of Erlotinib. Erlotinib is a potent EGFR tyrosin kinase inhibitor . Desmethyl Erlotinib is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Pirenzepine (LS 519 free base) is a selective M1 mAChR (muscarinic acetylcholine receptor) antagonist. Pirenzepine reduces gastric acid secretion and reduces muscle spasm, can be used in peptic ulcers research. Pirenzepine shows anti-proliferative activity to cancer cells .
Riviciclib (P276-00 free base) is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, which inhibits CDK9-cyclinT1, CDK4-cyclin D1, and CDK1-cyclinB with IC50s of 20 nM, 63 nM, and 79 nM, respectively .
Riviciclib shows antitumor activity on cisplatin-resistant cells .
OB-24 free base is a compound that potently and selectively inhibits heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and has the potential to inhibit advanced prostate cancer. OB-24 significantly reduces protein carbonylation and the formation of reactive oxygen species by selectively inhibiting HO-1 activity in prostate cancer cells. OB-24 significantly inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and inhibited tumor growth and lymph node and lung metastasis in vivo. OB-24 exhibits powerful synergy when used in combination with Taxol .
Ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904 free acid) is a broad spectrum β-lactam third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which has good antibacterial activity against a variety of gram-negative and positive bacteria. Ceftriaxone is a covalent inhibitor of GSK3β with IC50 value of 0.78 μM. Ceftriaxone is an inhibitor of Aurora B. Ceftriaxone has anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antioxidant activities. Ceftriaxone can be used in the study of bacterial infections and meningitis .
Tropisetron (SDZ-ICS-930 free base) is an orally active anti-inflammatory and antiemetic agent. Tropisetron is 5-HT3R antagonists with a Ki of 5.3 nM. Tropisetron is also a partial agonist of α7 nicotinic receptor (α7 nAChR) with an EC50 of 1.3 μM. In addition, Tropisetron has antitumor and neuroprotective effects .
GS-9667 (CVT 3619), a novel N 6-5'-substituted adenosine analog, is a selective, partial agonist of the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AdoR). GS-9667 binds to adipocyte membranes with high (KH=14 nM) and low (KL=5.4 μM) affinities. GS-9667 reduces cyclic AMP content and release of nonesterified fatty acids from epididymal adipocytes with IC50 values of 6 nM and 44 nM, respectively. GS-9667 inhibits lipolysis and has the potential for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and dyslipidemia via lowering of free fatty acids (FFA) .
Ezatiostat (TER199 free base; TLK199) is a tripeptide analog of glutathione and is a selective and orally active glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1) inhibitor. Ezatiostat leads to JNK activation by inhibiting GSTP1. Ezatiostat stimulates both lymphocyte production and bone marrow progenitor proliferation. Ezatiostat has the potential for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) treatment .
Repinotan (BAY x 3702 free base) is a potent, selective, brain-penetrant and orally active 5-HT1A receptor agonist, with Ki values of 0.19 nM (calf hippocampus), 0.25 nM (rat and human cortex), and 0.59 nM (rat hippocampus). Repinotan has a weak affinity for other related receptors. Repinotan has pronounced neuroprotective effects .
Capeserod (SL65.0155 free base) is an agonist for serotonin receptor (5-HT receptor), with a Ki of 0.6 nM for 5-HT4 receptor. Capeserod enhances expression of phopshorilated cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB), vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) proteins in hippocampus, and exhibits antidepressant-like efficacy in Wistar rats models .
Migalastat (GR181413A free base) is an orally active α-galactosidase A molecular chaperone, with an IC50 value of 0.04 μM for human α-Gal A. Migalastat binds to the active site of certain unstable mutant forms of α-galactosidase A, facilitating their transport to the lysosome. After dissociation in the acidic environment, Migalastat enables the mutant α-galactosidase A to exhibit biological activity .
RO 16-6491 Free base is a selective, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B), exhibiting high affinity and specificity for binding sites in human frontal cortex mitochondria and platelet membranes. RO 16-6491 demonstrates a fast dissociation of bound radioactivity at 20 degrees C, indicating its dynamic binding properties. RO 16-6491 also acts as a substrate for MAO-B, suggesting that its oxidation may produce a stable intermediate responsible for its potent inhibitory effects. RO 16-6491 serves as an excellent radioligand probe for investigating the regional tissue distribution of MAO-B in various physiological and pathological states.
Rivastigmine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rivastigmine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rivastigmine (ENA 713 free base) is an orally active and potent cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor and inhibits butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesteras (AChE) with IC50s of 0.037 μM , 4.15 μM, respectively. Rivastigmine can pass the blood brain barrier (BBB). Rivastigmine is a parasympathomimetic or cholinergic agent used for the research of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type and dementia due to Parkinson's disease .
SSR182289 (SSR182289A free base) is a selective and potent orally active thrombin inhibitor. SSR182289 competitively and selectivity inhibits human thrombin (Ki=0.031 μM). SSR182289 demonstrates anticoagulant activity in vitro (thrombin time EC100=96 nM) and inhibits tissue factor-induced thrombin generation (IC50=0.15 μM) in human plasma. SSR182289 inhibits thrombin-induced aggregation of human platelets (IC50=32 nM), but has no effect on aggregation induced by other platelet agonists .
(2R,3R)-Firazorexton ((2R,3R)-TAK-994 free base) is an isomer of Firazorexton (HY-137440). Firazorexton is an orally active, brain-penetrating orexin type 2 receptor (OX2R) agonist that may improve narcolepsy-like symptoms ..
Puquitinib (XC-302 free base) is a multi-target inhibitor with the activity of inducing autophagy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Puquitinib was able to inhibit the proliferation of CNE-2 cells, showing a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect. Puquitinib induced the formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in CNE-2 cells, which were observed by fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. Puquitinib promoted the formation of LC3-II and increased the expression of beclin 1, while reducing the level of p62. Puquitinib inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by reducing the expression of p-AKT and p-mTOR. Puquitinib also induced apoptosis in CNE-2 cells, and when autophagy was inhibited, the apoptosis rate was reduced, which means that autophagy may interact with apoptosis to induce cell death .
(3R,5S)-Fluvastatin is the 3R,5S-isomer Fluvastatin. Fluvastatin (XU 62-320 free acid) is a first fully synthetic, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM. Fluvastatin protects vascular smooth muscle cells against oxidative stress through the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway .
Chrysoidine G (free base) (Solvent Orange 3; Chrysoidine Y base) is a multifunctional dye. Dyes are important tools in biological experiments. They can help researchers observe and analyze cell structures, track biomolecules, evaluate cell functions, distinguish cell types, detect biomolecules, study tissue pathology and monitor microorganisms. Their applications range from basic scientific research to clinical A wide range of diagnostics. Dyes are also widely used in traditional fields such as textile dyeing, as well as in emerging fields such as functional textile processing, food pigments and dye-sensitized solar cells.
3-Chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid is a potent, orally active and selective lactate receptor GPR81 agonist, with an EC50 of 16 μM for human GPR81. 3-Chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid exhibits favorable in vivo effects on lipolysis in a mouse model of obesity .
Pyridoxatin is a free radical scavenger of microbial origin. Pyridoxatin is isolated from a fungus culture identified as Acremonium sp. BX86. Pyridoxatin inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by free radicals in rat liver microsomes free from vitamin E .
Temafloxacin (TMFX) is an orally active quinolone broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. Temafloxacin is well tolerated in lower respiratory and genitourinary tract infections .
Lixumistat (IM156) is a novel biguanide mitochondrial protein complex 1 inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) with anti-tumor activity. Lixumistat regulates OXPHOS to attenuate mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and inhibit lung fibrosis. Lixumistat also suppresses B-cell activation to alleviate systemic lupus erythematosus .
Talaporfin sodium, can be used in intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a 664-nm semiconductor laser, was evaluated for efficacy and safety in treating primary malignant parenchymal brain tumors .
2'-Acetylacteoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Brandisia hancei, inhibits free radical-induced hemolysis of red blood cells and exhibits free radical scavenging activity .
Mitiglinide (KAD-1229), an insulinotropic agent, is an ATP-sensitive K + (KATP) channel antagonist. Mitiglinide is highly specific to the Kir6.2/SUR1 complex (the pancreatic beta-cell KATP channel). Mitiglinide can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes .
Acotiamide is an orally active, selective and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1.79 μM. Acotiamide can enhance gastric contractility and accelerate delayed gastric emptying. Acotiamide has the potential for the research of functional dyspepsia involving gastric motility dysfunction and intestinal inflammatory .
Ibutamoren (MK-677) is an orally active growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) agonist and a nonpeptide growth hormone secretagogue. Ibutamoren can be used for metabolic research .
Methylergometrine (Methylergonovine) is an orally active 5-HT2B ligand agonist. The distribution half-life of Methylergometrine is only 1-2 min. Methylergometrine can be used as an oxytocin to treat uterine atony .
Stobadine is a potent antioxidant and prevents free radical induced alterations in ER membrane fluidity. Stobadine can be used for effective cardio- and neuroprotectants development based on antioxidant or free radical scavenging mechanisms of action .
Spermine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Spermine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Spermine (NSC 268508) functions directly as a free radical scabenger to protect DNA from free radical attack. Spermine has antiviral effects.
Flavoxate is a potent and competitive phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Flavoxate is an antispasmodic agent and muscarinic mAChR antagonist. Flavoxate shows moderate calcium antagonistic activity and local anesthetic effect. Flavoxate can be used for the research of overactive bladder (OAB) and lower urinary tract infections .
(S)-PNU-282987 hydrochloride is an isoform of PNU-282987 (HY-12560). PNU-282987 (free base) is a potent α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist with an EC50 of 154 nM. PNU-282987 (free base) is also a functional antagonist of the 5-HT3 receptor with an IC50 of 4541 nM. PNU-282987 (free base) can be used for the research of central and peripheral nervous systems .
Nelonemdaz (Salfaprodil) potassium is an NR2B-selective and uncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Nelonemdaz potassium is also a free radical scavenger. Nelonemdaz potassium has excellent neuroprotection against NMDA- and free radical-induced cell death .
Ethyl Tricosanoate is a long-chain saturated fatty acid ethyl ester, which exists in small amounts in C. conicum and C. conicum. Free acid reduces the hemolytic activity of Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin on human erythrocytes. Both ethyl ester and free acid can be used as standards for the analysis of lipid mixtures.
SCO-PEG2-NH2 is a cleavable ADC Linker containing 2 PEG units. SCO-PEG2-NH2 can be used as a copper-free click chemical reagent for catalyst-free click reactions.
SCO-PEG3-NH2 is a cleavable ADC Linker containing 3 PEG units. SCO-PEG3-NH2 can be used as a copper-free click chemical reagent for catalyst-free click reactions.
RGB-286638 is a CDK inhibitor that inhibits the kinase activity of cyclin T1-CDK9, cyclin B1-CDK1, cyclin E-CDK2, cyclin D1-CDK4, cyclin E-CDK3, and p35-CDK5 with IC50s of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 5 nM, respectively; also inhibits GSK-3β, TAK1, Jak2 and MEK1, with IC50s of 3, 5, 50, and 54 nM.
Evatanepag (CP-533536) is a non-prostanoid, potent and selective EP2 receptor agonist. Evatanepag can induce local bone formation in vivo. Evatanepag can be used in the research of fractures, bone defects, asthma .
AS-99 is a first-in-class, potent and selective ASH1L histone methyltransferase inhibitor (IC50= 0.79 µM, Kd= 0.89 µM) with anti-leukemic activity. AS-99 blocks cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and differentiation, downregulates MLL fusion target genes, and reduces the leukemia burden in vivo .
Recoflavone is a synthetic derivative of eupatilin that has a protective effect on gastric mucosa. Recoflavone has the potential to be used to research peptic ulcer disease.
Sugammadex is a synthetic γ-cyclodextrin derivative, and acts as a reversal agent for neuromuscular block. Sugammadex shows nephroprotective effect in ischemia-reperfusion injury .
Sarpogrelate (MCI-9042) is a new, specific orally active 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, Sarpogrelate increases platelet aggregation and has hemostasis effect, and can be used for the research of Buerger’s disease .
JBSNF-000028 is an orally active nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) inhibitor with IC50s of 0.033 µM, 0.19 µM and 0.21 µM against human NNMT (hNNMT), monkey NNMT (mkNNMT), and mouse NNMT (mNNMT), respectively. JBSNF-000028 can be used for the research of metabolic disorders .
Femoxetine is a serotonin (5-HT) inhibitor with antidepressant properties. Femoxetine increases serotonin levels in the brain by preventing serotonin from being reabsorbed by nerve cells, resulting in increased concentrations of the neurotransmitter in the synaptic gap, which enhances serotonin signaling. Femoxetine can be used to study the role of serotonin in depression and other emotional disorders, and how 5-HT reuptake inhibitors affect mood and behavior .
Heparin pentasaccharide (Fondaparinux) is a chemically synthesized selective factor Xa inhibitor with anticoagulant activity. Heparin pentasaccharide can be utilized in researches related to venous thromboembolic events .
GprA is a new synthetic agonist of G-protein-coupled receptor 120/free fatty acid receptor 4 (GPR120/FFAR4), with an AC50 of 203 nM on human GPR120 full isoform. GprA can be used in the research for NAFLD .
SCO-PEG2-NH2 formate is a cleavable ADC Linker containing 2 PEG units. SCO-PEG2-NH2 formate can be used as a copper-free click chemical reagent for catalyst-free click reactions.
2'-Acetylacteoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2'-Acetylacteoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2'-Acetylacteoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Brandisia hancei, inhibits free radical-induced hemolysis of red blood cells and exhibits free radical scavenging activity .
SCO-PEG3-NH2 formate is a cleavable ADC Linker containing 3 PEG units. SCO-PEG3-NH2 formate can be used as a copper-free click chemical reagent for catalyst-free click reactions .
AM211 is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) receptor type 2 (DP2) antagonist, with IC50s of 4.9 nM, 7.8 nM, 4.9 nM, 10.4 nM for human, mouse, guinea pig, and rat DP2, respectively.
Fabesetron (FK1052) is an orally active 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with 5-HT4 receptor antagonistic activity. Fabesetron (FK1052) can be used in the study for both acute and delayed emesis induced by cancer chemotherapy .
Pizuglanstat (compound 3) is a prostaglandin D synthase inhibitor with an IC50 of 76 nM for human hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthases (H-PGDS). Pizuglanstat can be used for myodegenerative disease research, such as muscular dystrophy .
Ipidacrine is orally active and brain-penetrant AChE and BuChE inhibitors with IC50 values of 1 μM and 1.9 μM, respectively, which is also a partial agonist of M2-cholinergic receptors and a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. Ipidacrine has a stimulating effect on neuromuscular transmission and excitation along the nerve fibres with a moderately anti-pain effect. Ipidacrine is an aminopyridines and is structurally similar to Tacrine (HY-111338). Ipidacrine is effective in various amnesia models, improves erectile function and inhibits K + and Na +-channels in the neuronal membrane in diabetic rats. Ipidacrine is promising for research of Alzheimer’s disease, ischaemic stroke, idiopathic neuropathy of the facial nerve, diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction and other deficits in central or peripheral cholinergic deseases .
Benidipine is a potent and orally active calcium channel antagonist . Benidipine shows anti-apoptosis effects in ischaemic/reperfused myocardial cells . Benidipine increases the activity of endothelial cell-type nitric oxide synthase and improves coronary circulation in hypertensive rats .
Bifemelane is a nootropic compound. Bifemelan causes the first peak by stimulating release from intracellular Ca 2+ stores and the second by capacitive entry through store–operated Ca 2+ channels. Bifemelane will be provided as a pharmacological tool for basic studies on astrocytes .
Benzoctamine is an orally active and potent psychoactive agent which possesses tranquillizing properties. Benzoctamine increases the turnover rate of catecholamines. Benzoctamine enhances the [3H]noradrenaline uptake in the rat heart. Benzoctamine also accelerated the disappearance of intracisternally injected [3H]noradrenaline .
Cemadotin (LU103793) is a water-soluble synthetic analogue of Dolastatin 15 (HY-P1126) that inhibits cell proliferation in vitro and the growth of tumor xenografts in mice. Cemadotin blocks cells at mitosis, and exhibits Ki value of 1 μM for inhibiting tubulin. Cemadotin can be used to research anticancer .
Fotagliptin is a Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor (IC50=2.27 nM). Fotagliptin displays great security in rat and dog. Fotagliptin can be used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus research .
Mocravimod is an oral activity amphematoshenol-1-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) regulator, which can block the required signal from lymph organs to prevent the migration of effect cells from migrating to non-lymph hematopoietic tissue. Mocravimod can be used for cancer research .
Arbemnifosbuvir is a nidovirus DdRp-associated nucleotidyltransferase (NiRAN) domain of non-structural protein 12 (nsp12)-interfering drugs. Arbemnifosbuvir can be used for SARS-CoVs infection research .
Meso-tetraphenylchlorin (TPCS2a) is a photosensitizer with poor water solubility, which limits its use in the blood circulation. However, TPCS2a@NPs nanoparticles can be prepared based on polylactic-co-polyethylene glycol acid (PLGA) polymer core loaded with TPCS2. Such nanoparticles can be coated with mesenchymal stem cell-derived plasma membranes (mMSCs) to form mMSC-TPCS2a@NPs, which prolongs blood circulation time and improves tumor targeting ability. Compared with uncoated TPCS2a@NPs, mMSC-TPCS2a@NPs can reduce macrophage uptake by 54% to 70% under different conditions. Both nanoparticle forms are effectively accumulated in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, while uptake in normal breast epithelial cells MCF10A is significantly lower .
Nifekalant (MS-551), a class III antiarrhythmic agent, is a IKr potassium channel blocker with an IC50 of 10 μM. Nifekalant can be used for refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias research .
Cefmatilen (S-1090) is an orally-active cephalosporin antibiotic that shows high activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Streptococcus pyogenes and Neisseria gonorrhoeae .
Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .
Facinicline (RG3487) is an orally active nicotinic α7 receptor partial agonist, with a Ki of 6 nM for α7 human nAChR. Facinicline improves cognition and sensorimotor gating in rodents. Facinicline hydrochloride shows high affinity (antagonist) to 5-HT3Rs with a Ki value of 1.2 nM .
Z-Gly-Pro-Arg-4MβNA is the cleavage of the substrate of thrombin to release free 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine (4MβNA). Free 4MβNA can be captured by 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde to produce an insoluble yellow fluorescent and marks the site of thrombin activity .
SCO-PEG3-Maleimide is a cleavable ADC Linker containing 3 PEG units. SCO-PEG3-Maleimide can be used as a copper-free click chemical reagent for catalyst-free click reactions. Its maleimide group (-Maleimide) degrades in aqueous media and has been used in drug delivery studies.
SCO-PEG7-Maleimide is a cleavable ADC Linker containing 3 PEG units. SCO-PEG7-Maleimide can be used as a copper-free click chemical reagent for catalyst-free click reactions. Its maleimide group (-Maleimide) degrades in aqueous media and has been used in drug delivery studies.
SCO-PEG2-Maleimide is an ADC Linker containing 3 PEG units. SCO-PEG2-Maleimide can be used as a copper-free click chemical reagent for catalyst-free click reactions. Its maleimide group (-Maleimide) degrades in aqueous media and has been used in drug delivery studies.
Epicaptopril (SQ 14534) is the derivative of Captopril (HY-B0368). Epicaptopril is an inhibitor for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Epicaptopril enhances vasodilation in an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)-dependent manner. Epicaptopril is a free radical scavenger, and can be used in research about oxidative stress and free radical damage caused cardiovascular disorders .
Toremifene (Z-Toremifene) is a second-generation selective estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM) in development for the prevention of osteoporosis. Toremifene also potent inhibits infectious EBOV Zaire and Marburg (MARV) with IC50 of 0.07 µM and 2.6 µM, respectively .
Radafaxine ((S,S)-Hydroxybupropion) is an antidepressant. Radafaxine blocks dopamine transporters (DAT). Radafaxine is an active metabolite of Bupropion .
Ophiocordylongiiside A is a compound found in Polyphilus sieberi. Ophiocordylongiiside A shows activity against the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans .
Griseofulvic acid is a metabolite of the antifungal Griseofulvin (HY-17583). It induces protein aggregation and tubulin polymerization in cell-free assays.
Octadecanedioic acid, an endogenous metabolite, is a long-chain dicarboxylic acid that has been found in serum free fatty acid profile in Reye syndrome .
Deoxygerfelin is a phenolic antioxidant that has been found in A. versicolor. It scavenges free radicals in a Trolox equivalent activity concentration (TEAC) assay.
GPR40 agonist 5 (compound I-14) is an orally active and potent GPR40 (G protein coupled receptor 40) agonist, with an EC50 of 47 nM. GPR40 agonist 5 decreases the levels of blood glucose and improves the glucose tolerance. GPR40 agonist 5 has sufficient effectiveness for the control of hyperglycemia state in type 2 diabetic mice . GPR40 agonist 5 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
(S)-Zavondemstat is the S-enantiomer of Zavondemstat (HY-148807). Zavondemstat is an inhibitor of histone lysine demethylase 4D (KDM4D) with antineoplastic activity [1] .
Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro), isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas alcaligenes cell-free culture supernatants is an antifungal cyclic dipeptide . Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) inhibits IFN-β production by interfering with retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) activation . Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) exhibits free-radical scavenging activity with the IC50 of 24 µM in the DPPH assay .
AVN-101 free base is a multi-target drug candidate with the potential to inhibit central nervous system (CNS) diseases. AVN-101 free base exhibits high inhibitory activity on 5-HT7 receptors and also has certain activity on 5-HT6, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. Due to its anxiolytic and antidepressant activities, AVN-101 free base is also expected to be used in diseases such as general anxiety disorder, depression, schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis .
MK-447 is a free radical scavenger, also a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, and enhances the formation of the endoperoxide, PGH2, and other prostaglandins.
Todralazine hydrochloride (Ecarazine hydrochloride) is an anti-hypertensive agent, acts as a β2AR blocker, with antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity .
Quinclorac, an herbicide widely applied in agriculture, induces oxidative stress due to free radical generation and changes in the antioxidant defense system .
Pixantrone (BBR 2778 (free base)) hydrochloride, a mitoxantrone analog, is a topoisomerase II inhibitor and DNA intercalator, with anti-tumor activity .
Oxyresveratrol (trans-Oxyresveratrol) is a potent naturally occurring antioxidant and free radical scavenger (IC50 of 28.9 μM against DPPH free radicals). Oxyresveratrol is potent and noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.2 μM for mushroom tyrosinase. Oxyresveratrol is effective against HSV-1, HSV-2 and varicella-zoster virus, and has neuroprotective effects .
Dactylocycline A is a tetracycline derivative with activity against some tetracycline-resistant microorganisms. Dactylocycline A is produced by fermentation of Dactylosporangium sp. and was found to be the most abundant glycoside in the initial fermentation. Dactylocycline A is acid-sensitive and readily hydrolyzes to the common sugar-free core substance dactylocyclinone. Although the sugar-free core has cross-resistance with tetracycline, Dactylocycline A exhibits activity against some tetracycline-resistant microorganisms .
Diheptanoyl Thio-PC is a substrate for all phospholipase A2s (PLA2s) with the exception of cPLA2 and PAF-acetyl hydrolase (PAF-AH).1 Interaction of this compound with a PLA2 results in cleavage of the sn-2 fatty acid generating a free thiol on the lysophospholipid. This free thiol can be detected using chromogenic substrates such as DTNB (Ellman’s reagent) and DTP.
Moxifloxacin is an orally active 8-methoxyquinolone antimicrobial for use in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia .
Phytic acid (Inositol hexaphosphate) is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid is known as a food inhibitor, which has a strong ability to chelate multivalent metal ions, specially zinc, calcium, iron and as with protein residue. Phytic acid inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase (XO), and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory effects .
Tirilazad is a nonglucocorticoid, 21-aminosteroid that inhibits lipid peroxidation. Tirilazad can attenuate brain or spinal cord injury caused by trauma, stroke, ischemia and reperfusion injury. Tirilazad has antiviral activities against nCoV. Tirilazad is neuroprotective for ischaemic stroke, can be used for subarachnoid hemorrhage research .
Oxiconazole (Ro 13-8996) is a broad spectrum anti-fungal agent which can inhibit the growth of Candida, Aspergillus and Trichophyton. Oxiconazole is also a highly efficacious activator of CYP3A4 transactivation, which could be antagonized by Rifampicin (HY-B0272) in a competitive manner. Oxiconazole exhibits inhibitory effect against colorectal cancer (CRC) via peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2)-mediated autophagy arrest .
Pirmenol is an orally active antiarrhythmic agent. Pirmenol inhibits IK.ACh (IC50: 0.1 μM) by blocking mAchR. Pirmenol can be used in the research of cardiovascular disease, such as atrial fibrillation .
DIDS is a dual inhibitor of ABCA1 and VDAC1. DIDS also inhibits RAD51, inhibiting RAD51-mediated homologous pairing and strand exchange reactions. DIDS inhibits anion exchange and binding to red blood cell membranes, inhibits the activation of caspase-3 and -9, and can be used in cancer research .
Tiospirone is a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist with affinity for D2, 5-HT1a, and 5-HT7, and sigma receptors. Tiospirone decreases consumption of ethanol while increasing food intake of rats. Tiospirone can also reduce the reinforcing properties of Cocaine exhibited in the conditioned place preference paradigm .
Vatanidipine (Watanidipine) is an orally active dihydropyridine (DHP)-type calcium channel blocker and a useful antihypertensive agent. Vatanidipine shows vasodilatory effects and also suppresses noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerve endings .
Moxilubant (CGS-25019C;LTB-019) is an orally active BLT1 antagonist which inhibits LTB4 signaling with a potency of 2–4 nM. Moxilubant can be used for cancer research .
MTSEA hydrobromide is a sulfhydryl-reactive compound that modifies free cysteine residues to produce a positively charged side chain approximately the size of lysine .
NSAH is a reversible and competitive nonnucleoside ribonucleotide reductase (RR) inhibitor, with cell-freeIC50 of 32 μM and cell-based IC50 of ~250 nM, respectively .
Amflutizole (LY-141894) is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Amflutizole abolishes free radical formation and release in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion mice .
Fmoc-L-Dap(NBSD)-OH is a benzodiazole amino acid that can be used as a building block for constructing background-free peptide probes for fluorescence imaging .
1,2-Didecanoyl PC (1,2-Didecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a phosphocholine that can be introduced into single-chain mean field theory as a coarse-grained model of saturated phospholipids. The 1,2-Didecanoyl PC model can be used to estimate the free energy of compressive or tensile bilayers in stacks or multilayers and gives a reasonable estimate of the free energy .
Alilusem potassium is a diuretic. In anesthetized dogs undergoing water diuresis, Alilusem potassium effectively decreased free water clearance and increased Na+ and Cl- levels in excreted urine. When combined with Furosemide (HY-B0135) or Hydrochlorothiazid, Alilusem potassium further inhibited free water clearance. Alilusem potassium inhibited the lumen-positive transepithelial voltage and lumen-to-cistern Cl- flux in isolated rabbit cortical thick ascending limbs of Henle .
Pyrogallol is a polyphenol compound, which has anti-fungal and anti-psoriatic properties. Pyrogallol is a reductant that is able to generate free radicals, in particular superoxide anions.
Bacopaside I, a saponin isolated from Bacopa monnieri, exbibits antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capacity and exerts antidepressant-like effect .
Erigeroside is as a derivatives of -glucose extracted from Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. Erigeroside has good ability of anti-oxidation and scavenging oxidation free radical .
Senecionine acetate (O-Acetylsenecionine) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Senecionine acetate inhibits the sequestration of Ca 2+ in extramitochondrial and mitochondrial compartments possibly by inactivating free sulfhydryl groups .
Pildralazine (Propyldazine) is a hydralazinelike antihypertensive vasodilator containing a free hydrazine group. Pildralazine is orally active, has no significant carcinogenicity in mice model .
Urolignoside is an antioxidant with free radical scavenging activity. Urolignoside potently scavenges DPPH radical, and exhibits antioxidant to β-carotene-lineoleate model .
Piperitenone is a terpenoid, and exhibits antioxidant activity. Piperitenone scavenges DPPH free radicals with an IC50 of 22.7 μg/mL, and inhibits the peroxidation of linoleic acid .
cis-13,16,19-Docosatrienoic acid methyl ester is an ester form of docosatrienoic acid, a rare omega-3 fatty acid not found in the normal phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acid pool Easily detectable, it inhibits the binding of [3H]-LTB4 to porcine neutrophils at a concentration of 5 μM. Methyl docosatrienoate is more fat-soluble than the free acid and may be more desirable than the free acid in some formulations.
Phenazoviridin is a free radical scavenger. Phenazoviridin shows strong inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate and exhibits antihypoxic activity in mice .
Degarelix acetate (FE 200486) is a decapeptide that shows high affinity/selectivity to human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor (IC50 = 3 nM). Degarelix acetate Degarelix acetate (FE 200486) is used for the research of prostate cancer .
Barnidipine (Mepirodipine) is an L-type calcium antagonist (CaA) with high affinity for [ 3H] initrendipine binding sites (Ki = 0.21 nmol/L), has selective action against CaA receptors. Barnidipine is an orally effective antihypertensive agent that can reduce the level of platelet-derived growth factor B-chain mRNA and peripheral vascular resistance .
Folitixorin (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate) is a cofactor and an analog of leucovorin. Folitixorin is a promising agent for modulation of 5-FU cytotoxicity in adjuvant cancer research .
Besipirdine is a non-receptor-dependent cholinomimetic agent with noradrenergic activity. Besipirdine inhibits voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels.
Beloranib is a fumagillin-class methionine aminopetidase-2 (MetAP2) inhibitor. Beloranib decreases food intake, body weight, fat mass, and the size of adipocytes .
Sumatriptan (GR 43175) is an orally active 5-HT1 receptor agonist with IC50s of 7.3 nm, 9.3nm and 17.8 nm for 5-HT1D, 5-HT1B and 5-HT1F receptors, respectively. Sumatriptan can be used for migraine headache research .
Ferrichrome is a hydroxamate siderophore produced by various fungi, including U. sphaerogena, that facilitates iron chelation and uptake by these organisms. It can be used as a heterosiderophore by bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Ferrichrome (0.8 μM) inhibits concanavalin A-induced proliferation of mouse spleen monocytes and reduces the number of concanavalin A-stimulated CD4+ T cells expressing IL-2 receptor. It also inhibits the heme-catalyzed oxidation of LDL by hydrogen peroxide in a concentration-dependent manner.
Semapimod, an inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine production, can inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Semapimod inhibits TLR4 signaling (IC50≈0.3 μM). Semapimod inhibits p38 MAPK and nitric oxide production in macrophages. Semapimod has potential in a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders .
Crobenetine (BIII-890), a benzomorphan derivative, is a potent, selective, and highly use-dependent Na + channel blocker. Crobenetine displaces [3H]BTX from site 2 of the Na + channel (IC50=49 nM) in rat brain synaptosomes, yet exhibits only low binding affinity for other receptors and ion channels. Crobenetine protects brain tissue from the deleterious effects of focal cerebral ischemia in rodents .
Aminoguanidine (Pimagedine hydrochloride) is an inhibitor of diamine oxidase and nitric oxide synthase. Aminoguanidine has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on apoptosis induced by Doxorubicin (HY-15142). Aminoguanidine has antioxidant properties. Aminoguanidine can be used in diabetic nephropathy research .
Imazodan is a selective inhibitor for phosphodiesterase III (PDE III), which increases myocardial contractility by blocking the cAMP degradation, and improves the contractile function of heart. Imazodan serves also as a peripheral vasodilator .
Otamixaban(FXV673) is a potent (Ki = 0.5 nM), selective, rapid acting, competitive and reversible fXa inhibitor that effectively inhibits both free and prothrombinase-bound fXa.
Polyporusterone A is a triterpene carboxylic acid isolated from Polyporus umbellatus Fries. Polyporusterone A has inhibitory effect on free radical-induced lysis of red blood cells (hemolysis) .
CalFluor 580 azide is a fluorogenic azide probe that is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 580 azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes .
CalFluor 647 azide is a fluorogenic azide probe that is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 647 azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes .
Sudan orange G is an azo dye. Sudan orange G, after enzymatic oxidation, generates oligomers and even polymers through free radical coupling reactions .
Hypoxanthine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hypoxanthine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hypoxanthine, a purine derivative, is a potential free radical generator and could be used as an indicator of hypoxia.
LAP (Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate) is a free radical initiator. The free radicals produced by LAP under bioprinting conditions are potentially cytotoxic and mutagenic. In addition, the concentration of LAP affects the mechanical strength of 3D printed scaffolds. Generally, the concentration range of LAP used for curing is 0.05%-1%. The elastic modulus produced at a concentration of 0.1% is the highest, with enhanced mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility .
Oxyresveratrol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oxyresveratrol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oxyresveratrol (trans-Oxyresveratrol) is a potent naturally occurring antioxidant and free radical scavenger (IC50 of 28.9 μM against DPPH free radicals). Oxyresveratrol is potent and noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.2 μM for mushroom tyrosinase. Oxyresveratrol is effective against HSV-1, HSV-2 and varicella-zoster virus, and has neuroprotective effects .
Choline Fenofibrate (ABT-335), a choline salt of Fenofibric acid (HY-B0760), releases free Fenofibric acid in the gastrointestinal tract. Fenofibric acid is a PPAR activator with antihyperlipidemic effect .
Pentifylline is a vasodilator. Pentifylline inhibits platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 synthesis, decrease the release of free radicals. Pentifylline has the potential for the research of acute ischaemic stroke .
D-Isofloridoside, one of the polysaccharide precursors, has the activity of scavenging free radicals, inhibiting ROS expression, and inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 .
4-Hydroxyestrone- 13C6 is a 13C-labeled Hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine, a purine derivative, is a potential free radical generator and could be used as an indicator of hypoxia.
Cyanine3 DBCO (Cy3-DBCO) hexafluorophosphate is a azide reactive probe, for imaging azide-labeled biomolecules via a copper-free "click-through" reaction.
Tripeptidyl aminopeptidase (Cerliponase alfa) removes tripeptides from the free NH, terminus of longer peptides. Tripeptidyl aminopeptidase has the potential for the research of CLN2 disease .
Cleomiscosin C (Aquillochin) can be isolated from Aquilaria agallocha. Cleomiscosin C has antioxidant activity. Cleomiscosin C inhibits LDL oxidation and free radicals generation .
CGP 71683 Free base serves as a powerful and highly selective non-peptide antagonist targeting the NPY Y(5) receptor, making it a valuable tool in obesity research.
Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively .
Grifolic acid is a phenolic compound that is first extracted from the mushroom Albatrellus confluens. Grifolic acid acts as an agonist of the free fatty acid receptor (FFAR4/GPR120) .
Polyporusterone B is a triterpene carboxylic acid isolated from Polyporus umbellatus Fries. Polyporusterone B has inhibitory effect on free radical-induced lysis of red blood cells (hemolysis) .
1,3-Oxazolidine-2-thione, a free oxazolidinethione, increases thyroid size and severely depresses hepatic trimethylamine oxidase activity in the brown-egg layers .
Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS .
Boc-L-Ala-OH-3- 13C is a 13C-labeled Hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine, a purine derivative, is a potential free radical generator and could be used as an indicator of hypoxia.
Norbornene-methyl-NHS is a click chemistry reagent containing a TCO group. Dienophile for conjugation via Diels-Alder-reaction, i.e. copper-free click reaction with tetrazines .
Hypoxanthine- 15N4 is the 15N labeled Hypoxanthine[1]. Hypoxanthine, a purine derivative, is a potential free radical generator and could be used as an indicator of hypoxia[2].
Pongamol (Lanceolatin C) is potent α-glucosidase inhibitor (IC50=103.5 μM) and has free-radical (DPPH) scavenging,antihyperglycemic, and antihyperglycemic activities .
Otamixaban (FXV673) is a potent, selective, rapid-acting, competitive, and reversible fXa inhibitor (Ki=0.5 nM) that effectively inhibits both free and prothrombinase-bound fXa .
AZ760 is a CCR8 antagonist. AZ760 shows excellent potency, good lipophilicity and high free fraction in blood. AZ760 exhibits unacceptable hERG inhibition .
Alkaline phosphatase, Escherichia coli is a cytoplasm glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters at alkaline pH. Alkaline phosphatase, Escherichia coli can be used in molecular biology and enzyme-free analysis .
α-Glucosylrutin is a potent antioxidant with free radical scavenging activity. Due to its high epidermal bioavailability, α-Glucosylrutin can be used in the study of skin aging .
Bisaramil is an orally active antiarrhythmic agent. Bisaramil exerts concentration dependent inhibitory effect on PMA-stimulated free radical generation and prolonged the time lag concentration dependently .
VS-15, a IDO1 inhibitor, selectively binds the heme-free form of IDO1. VS-15 is described as an iNOS inhibitor based on the reduction of NO production .
Latanoprost ethyl amide (Lat-NEt) is a latanoprost analog in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been modified to an N-ethyl amide. Prostaglandin esters have been shown to have ocular hypotensive activity.1 Prostaglandin N-ethyl amides were recently introduced as alternative prostaglandin ocular hypotensive prodrugs. Although it has been claimed that prostaglandin ethyl amides are not converted to the freeacids in vivo, studies in our laboratories have shown that bovine and human corneal tissue converts the N-ethyl amides of various prostaglandins to the freeacids with a conversion rate of about 2.5 μg/g corneal tissue/hr. Lat-NEt would be expected to show the typical intraocular effects of Latanoprost free acid, but with the much slower hydrolysis pharmacokinetics of the prostaglandin N-amides.
Recombinant Trypsin Solution is an animal-free trypsin solution used to digest cells or tissues. Recombinant Trypsin Solution has high stability at room temperature and gentle digestion, and can be used to digest weakly adherent cells or stem cells under low serum or serum-free culture conditions. Compared with traditional trypsin digestion solution, Recombinant Trypsin Solution does not contain any animal-derived ingredients, is gentle and effective, and can replace the application of animal-derived trypsin in cell digestion .
GS 283 is a compound with calcium antagonist and weak histamine and muscarinic receptor blocking activity, with activity in modulating contraction of guinea pig and rat tracheal smooth muscle. GS 283 inhibits contractions induced by carbachol, histamine (guinea pig only), and high K? in guinea pig and rat tracheal smooth muscle, inhibits Ca2?-induced contractions in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, and at high concentrations completely abolishes contractions induced by carbachol in Ca2?-free medium.
Nicomol is an orally active hypolipidemic agent that can increase the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level. Nicomol inhibits the rapid rise of plasma free fatty acids .
D(+)-Galactosamine- 13C (hydrochloride) is the 13C labeled D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride. D(+)-Galactosamine (D-Galactosamine) hydrochloride, which is an established experimental toxin, primarily causes liver injury by the generation of free radicals and
Bz-(Me)Tz-NHS is a click chemistry reagent containing an methyltetrazine group. Bz-(Me)Tz-NHS is 3rd generation Click-Linker for Cu-free click conjugation .
Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Endo S2) is a key enzyme involved in the processing of free oligosaccharides in the cytosol. Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase catalyzes hydrolysis of N-linked oligosaccharides .
WR99210 is an orally active and low-toxicity dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor (IC50<0.075 nM). WR99210 shows good antiparasitic activity and is effective against P. falciparum and P. falciparum strains (including Pyrimethamine (HY-18062)-resistant P. falciparum strains) as well as T. gondii .
Cephaeline ((-)-Cephaeline), a desmethyl analog of Emetine, is a phenolic alkaloid in Indian Ipecac roots isolated from the Cephaelis ipecacuanha. Cephaeline exhibits potent inhibition of both Zika virus (ZIKV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) infections. Cephaeline is an inductor of histone H3 acetylation and an inhibitor of mucoepidermoid carcinoma cancer stem cells (MEC), which promotes ferroptosis by inhibiting NRF2 to exert anti-lung cancer efficacy .
Raloxifene (Keoxifene) is a benzothiophene-derived selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Raloxifene has estrogen-agonistic effects on bone and lipids and estrogen-antagonistic effects on the breast and uterus. Raloxifene is used for breast cancer and osteoporosis research .
Ipsapirone (TVX Q 7821) is an anxiolytic compound and a 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist. Ipsapirone (TVX Q 7821) also exhibits 5-HT1A receptor antagonistic effect, and only at high doses it can also produce an inhibitory effect on 5-HT2 and the α1-adrenergic function .
Labetalol (AH5158) is an orally active selective α1- and non-selective β-adrenergic receptors competitive antagonist. Labetalol, an anti-hypertensive agent, can be used for the research of cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension in pregnancy .
Indecainide (Ricainide) is an orally active antiarrhythmic agent. Indecainide can be used in the research of ventricular dysfunction. Indecainide has Na +-channel-blocking activity .
Napitane (A 75200) is a groundbreaking catecholamine uptake inhibitor that exhibits inhibitory effects on α-adrenergic receptors and shows promise for antidepressant activity in depression research.
Catalase, Aspergillus niger is a key enzyme in the metabolism of H2O2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and its expression and localization is markedly altered in tumors . Free oxygen radical scavenger.
L-Ornithine- 15N2 (hydrochloride) is the 15N-labeled L-Ornithine hydrochloride. L-Ornithine hydrochloride is a free amino acid that plays a central role in the urea cycle and is also important for the disposal of excess nitrogen.
Pyracrenic acid is an elastase inhibitor (IC50 = 2.42 µM), can be obtained from the bark of Pyracantha crenulata. Pyracrenic acid has DPPH free radical scavenging activity and anti-inflammatory activity .
800CW maleimide is an infrared dye that can be used for labeling molecules that contain free sulfhydryl (–SH) groups (Ex: 778 nm; Em: 796 nm). 800CW maleimide binds to plasma proteins .
3-(2-Iodoacetamido)-proxyl serves as a free radical spin probe employed in spin labeling techniques, which facilitate the exploration of the dynamic interactions among molecules, proteins, lipids, and cell membranes.
Cefamandole (Cephamandole) lithium is a second-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Cefamandole lithium breaks down in the body and then releases free NMTT, which can lead to low prothrombinemia .
Barasertib-HQPA (AZD2811) is a highly selective Aurora B inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.37 nM in a cell-free assay. Barasertib-HQPA (AZD2811) induces growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells .
8-hydroxybergapten is O-methylated by cell-free extracts of Ruta cells to isopimpinellin, in reactions mediated by discrete O-methyltransferases. 8-hydroxybergapten has excellent anti-wrinkle effect .
dl-Aloesol is a natural product that can be isolated from fungus Aspergillus sp. Aspergillus sp metabolites has cytotoxic, antibacterial, free radical scavenging, anti-parasitic, antiviral and antiproliferative activities, etc .
(E/Z)-NSAH is an isoform of NSAH (HY-114503), which is reversible and competitive nonnucleoside ribonucleotide reductase (RR) inhibitor, with cell-freeIC50 of 32 μM and cell-based IC50 of ~250 nM, respectively .
ML-323 is a reversible, potent USP1-UAF1 inhibitor with IC50 of 76 nM in a Ub-Rho assay. The measured inhibition constants of ML-323 for the free enzyme (Ki) is 68 nM.
Acipimox (K-9321), a nicotinic acid analogue, is an antilipolytic compound. Acipimox stimulates leptin releas, inhibits lipolysis and suppresses systemic levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and improves insulin sensitivity .
TPT-260(TPU260) is a thiophene thiourea derivative with molecule weight 260.00 in free base form; There is no formal name yet, we temporally call this molecule as TPT-260.
H-L-Lys(Norbornene-methoxycarbonyl)-OH, a norbornene-derivatized lysine, can be click-functionalized. H-L-Lys(Norbornene-methoxycarbonyl)-OH can be used for the mild and selective modification of proteins in a copper-free click reaction .
H-L-Lys(Norbornene-methoxycarbonyl)-OH hydrochloride, a norbornene-derivatized lysine, can be click-functionalized. H-L-Lys(Norbornene-methoxycarbonyl)-OH hydrochloride can be used for the mild and selective modification of proteins in a copper-free click reaction .
Antioxidant agent-7 (SD-7) is a benzodiazepine derivative with antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 470 nM to scavenge DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical .
Cholesteryl heptadecanoate is a cholesteryl ester internal standard that accurately determines the concentration of free cholesterol in cells without hydrolyzing triglycerides. Cholesteryl heptadecanoate can be used for the quantitative determination of cholesteryl esters by GC or LC mass spectrometry .
16:0 Coenzyme A triammonium is palmitoyl-CoA, which can serve as a reaction substrate to transfer the palmitoyl group to the free thiol group of the target protein through palmitoylation catalyzed by protein acyl transferases (PATs) .
Lodoxamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lodoxamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lodoxamide (U-42585E free acid) is an antiallergic compound acting as a mast-cell stabilizer for the treatment of asthma and allergic conjunctivitis.
Quinclorac (Standard) is the analytical standard of Quinclorac. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Quinclorac, an herbicide widely applied in agriculture, induces oxidative stress due to free radical generation and changes in the antioxidant defense system .
Aspochalasin D is a co-metabolite originally isolated from A. microcysticus with aspochalasins A, B, and C, that is initially thought to be inactive. It has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at a concentration of 1 mg/ml.2 Aspochalasin D is more cytotoxic, via apoptosis, to Ba/F3-V12 cells in an IL-3-free medium than in an IL-3-containing medium (IC50s=0.49 and 1.9 μg/mL, respectively).
The glutamic acid-alanine-glycine mixture is an orally active activator of testosterone 5α-reductase (5α-reductase). It promotes prostate function by enhancing the activity of 5α-reductase and increasing the levels of free amino acids. However, when combined with testosterone and estradiol (HY-B0141R), the glutamic acid-alanine-glycine mixture inhibits 5α-reductase activity and decreases the levels of free amino acids. The glutamic acid-alanine-glycine mixture can be used in research related to prostate function and endocrine disorders .
Prostaglandin I2 is an unstable prostanoid which, through the ‘I prostanoid’ (IP) receptor, inhibits platelet aggregation and promotes vasodilatation in pulmonary vascular beds. AFP 07 is a 7,7-difluoroprostacyclin derivative that acts as a selective and highly potent agonist for the IP receptor (Ki=0.561 nM).1 AFP 07 shows weaker affinity for EP receptors, with Ki values > 100 nM for EP1-3 and > 10 nM for EP4. 16(R)-AFP 07 is an epimer of AFP 07. Its biological properties, particularly through the IP and EP receptors, remain to be evaluated.
Barasertib (AZD1152), a pro-drug of Barasertib-hQPA, is a highly selective Aurora B inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.37 nM in a cell-free assay. Barasertib (AZD1152) induces growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells .
5-IAF (5-Iodoacetamidofluorescein) is an idoacetamide derivate of fluoresceine. 5-IAF can be used as fluorescent probe that labels proteins and other molecules having free thiols (cysteine side chains) .
HBV-IN-4, a phthalazinone derivative, is a potent and orally active HBV DNA replication inhibitor with an IC50 of 14 nM. HBV-IN-4 induces the formation of genome-free capsids and has potent anti-HBV potencies .
L-Ornithine-1,2- 13C2 (hydrochloride) is the 13C-labeled L-Ornithine hydrochloride. L-Ornithine hydrochloride is a free amino acid that plays a central role in the urea cycle and is also important for the disposal of excess nitrogen.
2"-O-Galloylquercitrin (Compound 6) is
isolated from the natural Acer ginnala. 2"-O-Galloylquercitrin
has health benefits. 2"-O-Galloylquercitrin has the activity of free
radical scavenger .
5-Br-PAPS is a highly specific Zn 2+ metallochromic indicator. 5-Br-PAPS is used in assays for measuring free Zn 2+ by forming a deeply colored red Zn 2+ complex .
AF 568 DBCO is a fluorescent dye that reacts with azide-labeled molecules or biomolecules via copper-free click chemistry. AF 568 exhibits maximum absorption wavelength of 579 nm and the maximum emission wavelength of 603 nm .
Barasertib (AZD1152 dihydrochloride), a pro-drug of Barasertib-hQPA, is a highly selective Aurora B inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.37 nM in a cell-free assay. Barasertib (AZD1152 dihydrochloride) induces growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells .
(1R,2R)-2-PCCA hydrochloride is a diastereomer of 2-PCCA, and acts as a potent GPR88 receptor agonist, with an EC50 of 3 nM in cell-free assay, and 603 nM in cell assay.
Sesamol is a constituent of sesame oil. Sesamol shows a free radical scavenging activity. Sesamol shows an IC50=5.95±0.56 μg/mL in the DPPH assay. Anti-oxidant activities . Anticancer activities .
Lauric acid- 13C is the 13C labeled Lauric acid. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.
Biotin-4-aminophenol is a biotin-phenol analog. Biotin-4-aminophenol generates free radicals and conjugates to tyrosine residues in proteins more efficiently and selectively than the previously reported BP1 .
Rehmannic acid (lantadene A) is a compound isolated from Lantana camara. Rehmannic acid shows considerable in vitro antioxidant, free radical scavenging capacity activities in a dose dependant manner. Rehmannic acid is a promising candidate for use as an antioxidant and hepatoprotective agent .
L-Glutathione reduced- 13C2, 15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Glutathione reduced. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH- 13C9, 15N is a 15N-labeled and 13C-labled Hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine, a purine derivative, is a potential free radical generator and could be used as an indicator of hypoxia.
Thapsigargicin (Thapsigargicine) is a activator of mast cells and leukocytes. Thapsigargicin induces histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells and human basophil leukocytes. Thapsigargicin increases the cytoplasmic free calcium level in intact human blood platelets .
Linocinnamarin is a nature product that could be isolated from Fragaria ananassa Duch. Linocinnamarin has anti-inflammatory activity. Linocinnamarin inhibits antigen-stimulated elevation of intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) .
Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase D (Endo F3) cleaves free or Asparagine-linked triantennary oligosaccharides or α1-6 fucosylated biantennary oligosaccharides, as well as triamnnosyl chitobiose core structures .
Sulfo-Cy7 tetrazine is a near-infrared water-soluble fluorophore. Sulfo-Cy7 tetrazine contains the methyltetrazine group for rapid, efficient, and metal-free conjugation to cycloolefin in a reaction called TCO linkage .
SC 28538 is a compound with antimicrobial activity. SC 28538 exerts its antimicrobial effect by reducing its nitro moiety in an anaerobic environment to form cytotoxic free radicals that can damage DNA and other key biomolecules of microorganisms .
Edaravone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Edaravone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Edaravone is a strong novel free radical scavenger, and inhibits MMP-9-related brain hemorrhage in rats treated with tissue plasminogen activator.
Pyrogallol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pyrogallol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pyrogallol is a polyphenol compound, which has anti-fungal and anti-psoriatic properties. Pyrogallol is a reductant that is able to generate free radicals, in particular superoxide anions.
MOMBA is a selective FFA2(Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2) orthosteric agonist that activates receptor signaling pathways by binding to the orthosteric site of FFA2 with high specificity. MOMBA holds potential for research on metabolic and inflammatory diseases .
Ramosetron (YM060 free base) Hydrochloride is an orally active 5-HT3 antagonist that improves dysphoria, interference with activity and food avoidance. Ramosetron Hydrochloride is promising for research of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea .
Ximelagatran (H 376/95) is an orally active thrombin inhibitor that selectively and competitively inhibits both free and clot-bound thrombin. Ximelagatran is an anticoagulant agent with a rapid onset of anticoagulant effect, predictable, dose-dependent pharmcokinetics and pharmacodynamics .
Ferroheme is a complex of ferrous ions and porphyrins, which exists in tissues in free form and as a prosthetic group of many heme proteins. In addition, ferroheme is also an isosteric inhibitor of fatty acid binding to rat liver fatty acid binding protein .
Fmoc-L-Dap(Poc)-OH is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Amino acid building block suitable for side chain Click conjugation with standard protocols and together with tetrazine linkers in copper-free Click conjugation (Diels-Alder) .
(-)-Dihydroguaiaretic acid is a Lipoxygenase inhibitor that has antioxidant activity. (-)-Dihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and removes free radicals. (-)-Dihydroguaiaretic acid also has anticancer activity with an IC50 value of 7.49 μM (A549 cells) .
CMP-sialic acid synthetase (NmCSS) is an essential enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates containing sialic acids. CMP-sialic acid synthetase (NmCSS) activates free Sia, converting it to CMP-Sia, which is the only donor substrate for all sialyltransferases .
Momordin II, an oleanane-type triterpene glycoside, is a ribosome inactivating protein. Momordin II inhibits cell-free protein synthesis, releases adenine from rat liver ribosomes and from DNA, and has no RNase activity .
PerCP Maleimide is a fluorescent dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. PerCP is a red fluorescence albuminous dye for immunostaining and Maleimide can be leveraged for the preparation of fluorogenic probe, which is mainly used for the specific detection of thiol analytes .
Cholesterol esterase, Schizophyllum commune is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cholesterol esters into free cholesterol and fatty acids, facilitating the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine.
Cholesterol esterase, Schizophyllum commune can be used in combination with cholesterol oxidase to measure cholesterol content .
Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes .
L-Ornithine-1,2,3,4,5- 13C5 (hydrochloride) is the 13C-labeled L-Ornithine hydrochloride. L-Ornithine hydrochloride is a free amino acid that plays a central role in the urea cycle and is also important for the disposal of excess nitrogen.
(S)-GLPG0974 is the isomer of GLPG0974 (HY-12940), and can be used as an experimental control. GLPG0974 is a free fatty acid receptor-2 (FFA2/GPR43) antagonist with an IC50 of 9 nM.
Cy5.5(Me)-C3-DBCO is a click chemistry reagent containing an cycloalkynes group. DBCO group enables copper free biocompatible click chemistry with fast reaction kinetics and good stability .
Prostaglandin E2-1-glyceryl ester, a Prostaglandin Glycerol Ester, is an endocannabinoid ligand for the CB1 receptor. Prostaglandin E2-1-glyceryl ester induces rapid, transient elevation of intracellular free Ca 2+ .
16-phenoxy tetranor PGE2 is the free acid form of sulprostone formed by the hydrolysis of the methylsulfonamide bond.1 16-phenoxy tetranor PGE2 is a minor metabolite of sulprostone found in human plasma after parenteral administration of the drug.
Bacopaside I (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bacopaside I. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bacopaside I, a saponin isolated from Bacopa monnieri, exbibits antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capacity and exerts antidepressant-like effect .
L-Glutathione reduced (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutathione reduced. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
4,4'-(m-Tolylazanediyl)bis(butane-1-sulfonic acid) is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
Ro 31-8830 is an orally active, potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C with anti-inflammatory activity. Ro 31-8830 is promising for research of inflammatory disorders .
TUG-499 is a selective free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1 or GPR40) (Free Fatty Acid Receptor) agonist with a pEC50 of 7.39. TUG-499 exhibits >100-fold selectivity over the related receptors FFA2, FFA3, and the nuclear receptor PPARγ and other diverse receptors, ion channels, and transporters. TUG-499 can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes . TUG-499 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals .
GSK2795039 is a NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) inhibitor with a mean pIC50 of 6 in different cell-free assays. GSK2795039 inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NADPH consumption .
GSK2795039 reduces apoptosis .
Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) . Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities .
Phenazine methylsulfate is a free radical generator that can act as an electron transfer reactant in cell viability assays. It also has insecticidal properties. Furthermore, Phenazine methylsulfate induces oxidative DNA damage and cell apoptosis, showing antitumor activity .
Ombuoside is a glycoside ombuoside isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum.Ombuoside has antimicrobial activity against several strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans . Ombuoside has antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals and ROS .
Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) . Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities .
(-)-Isopulegol is prepared directly from the treatment of essential oil of citronella under solid supported acid catalysis and solvent-free microwave assisted ene-cyclisation. (-)-Isopulegol shows high activity in reacting with carbonyl compounds. (-)-Isopulegol can be used for antiviral activity research .
3-Nitro-L-tyrosine- 13C6 is the 13C labeled 3-Nitro-L-tyrosine[1]. 3-Nitro-L-tyrosine is a biomarker of nitrogen free radical species modified proteins in systemic autoimmunogenic conditions[2].
Z-LRGG-AMC (Z-Leu-Arg-Gly-Gly-AMC) is a fluorescent substrate that hydrolyzes and releases free fluorescent 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC). Detection wavelength of AMC: Ex/Em=360/460 nm .
Cochliodinol (compound 1) is a metabolite derived from the Apis mellifera ligustica. Cochliodinol has strong free radical scavenging activity of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrohydrazine (DPPH) (IC50=3.06 μg/mL) .
6-(N-Phthalimidoylmethylthio)hexanoic acid (MFH) is a hapten with a carboxyl group at the end of its spacer arm, suitable for reacting with free amine groups of proteins. 6-(N-Phthalimidoylmethylthio)hexanoic acid can be combined with carrier proteins and used in antigen design .
2-(N-Phthalimidoylmethylthio)acetic acid (MFA) is a hapten with a carboxyl group at the end of its spacer arm, suitable for reacting with free amine groups of proteins. 2-(N-Phthalimidoylmethylthio)acetic acid can be combined with carrier proteins and used in antigen design .
Lauric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lauric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.
2-AHA-cAMP is an analogue of natural signal molecule cAMP and an activator of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. 2-AHA-cAMP has a free terminal primary amino group, which can be used for coupling to gels or fluorescent dyes .
Taxifolin ((+)-Dihydroquercetin) exhibits important anti-tyrosinase activity. Taxifolin exhibits significant inhibitory activity against collagenase with an IC50 value of 193.3 μM . Taxifolin is an important natural compound with antifibrotic activity. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity .
Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity .
Cu (II) Protoporphyrin IX is used as a negative control for Zn (II) Protoporphyrin (an inihibitor of heme oxygenase). Heme oxygenase has been implicated in tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy, reduction of free radical formation and inflammation, and associated with vascular repair .
Lauric acid- 13C-1 is the deuterium labeled Lauric acid. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively[1].
Acridone-4-carboxylic acid (ACA) (Compound 2c) is a heme-interacting acridone derivatives that prevents free heme-mediated protein oxidation and degradation. Acridone-4-carboxylic acid inhibits protein carbonyl formation with an IC50 of 43 μM .
Calcium Orange AM is an intracellular calcium reporter. Specific fluorescence can be detected when free calcium binds to Calcium Orange AM (Ex/Em=549/576 nm). Calcium Orange AM does not enter the vacuoles and does not compartmentalize into acidic vesicles .
ZQ-16 is a potent and selective GPR84 agonist with an EC50 value of 0.213 μM. ZQ-16 has no activity on the other free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), including GPR40, GPR41, GPR119 and GPR120 .
Sieboldin is a dihydrochalcone, which inhibits the production of advanced glycation end products (AGE) produced by bovine serum albumins (BSA), has free radical scavenging activity and cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines, and is also used to capture of methylglyoxal (MGO) from Malus baccata .
Swertianine is a hydroxyexanthone that can be isolated from Swertia decussata. Swertianine has antioxidant activity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, scavenging DPPH and superoxide free radicals. Swertianine also inhibits γ-ray induced DNA damage of pBR322 with protective effect .
6-N-Phthalimidoy hexanoic acid (compound FH) is a hapten with a carboxyl group at the end of its spacer arm, suitable for reacting with free amine groups of proteins. 6-N-Phthalimidoy hexanoic acid can be combined with carrier proteins and used in antigen design .
4-(N-Phthalimidoyl)butanoic acid (compound FB) is a hapten with a carboxyl group at the end of its spacer arm, suitable for reacting with free amine groups of proteins. 4-(N-Phthalimidoyl)butanoic acid can be combined with carrier proteins and used in antigen design .
Disulfo-ICG-DBCO disodium is a double sulfonic acid-modified indocyanine green. Disulfo-ICG-DBCO disodium can react with d-AzAla modified bacteria to detect the bacteria by copper-free click chemistry-mediated photothermal lysis and measurement of ATP bioluminescence .
Naftoxate is an ester compound containing aminomethylsulfate, and its ammonium salt analog can inhibit free thiols to chemically weaken the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive anaerobic bacterium Trichomonas vaginalis and inhibit common pathogens causing vaginal infections: Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus .
Leukotriene A4 (LTA4) is synthesized in mast cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils from arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), which exhibits both lipoxygenase and LTA4 synthase activities. LTA4 is rapidly metabolized by LTA4 hydrolase or LTC4 synthase to LTB4 or LTC4, respectively.2 LTA4, from leukocytes, is known to undergo transcellular metabolism in platelets, erythrocytes, and endothelial cells.3 Further metabolism of LTA4 by 15-LO leads to lipoxin biosynthesis.2 LTA4 as a free acid is highly unstable. The methyl ester is stable and can be readily hydrolyzed to the free acid as needed.
HUHS2002 is a free fatty acid derivative with the ability to enhance α7 cholinergic receptor activity. HUHS2002 enhances whole-cell membrane currents of α7 ACh receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects of HUHS2002 were blocked in the presence of the Ca2?/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor KN-93. HUHS2002 activated CaMKII in cultured rodent hippocampal neurons, and this activation was abolished by KN-93. HUHS2002 also partially inhibited the activity of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in a cell-free PP1 activity assay .
Aloenin (Aloenin A) is a kind of natural product, has effective clearing and free radical activity, and has moderate inhibitory activity on β-secretion (BACE) (IC50=14.95 μg/mL). Aloenin suppresses peritoneal hypertrophy in large rats and suppresses its release.
Iprodione is an orally active diformimide fungicide. Iprodione can specifically cause oxidative damage by producing free radicals (ROS). Iprodione is also an antiandrogen agent that delays adolescent development in rats and reduces sexual behavior and reproductive ability in rats .
Alkaline phosphatase, Bovine intestine (Apase) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters at alkaline pH. Alkaline phosphatase can be used in molecular biology and enzyme-free analysis. Inhibition of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase can block intracellular lipid accumulation .
Epicoccone B, firstly reported from C. globosum, exhibits the DPPH free radical scavenging ability with IC50 value of 10.8 μM, and has potent α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 value of 27.3 μM. Anti-HIV activity .
Dual photoCORM 1 (compound 5) is metal-free, photochemically active dual CORM. Dual photoCORM 1 exhibits good cellular uptake and real-time monitoring ability of CO uncaging by a color change approach in cancerous B16F10 cells .
Lanadelumab (SHP643) is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against plasma kallikrein (pKal) with an Ki value of 0.12 nM. Lanadelumab inhibits both free and HMWK (high molecular weight kininogen)-bound pKal. Lanadelumab has the potential for the research of hereditary angioedema .
Coenzyme Q6 (Ubiquinone 30) is an isoprenylated benzoquinone lipid. Coenzyme Q6 exhibits functions in respiratory electron transport and as a lipid antioxidant. Coenzyme Q6 also has antioxidant effects, which can prevent the production of free radicals and oxidative damage .
Dechloro Rivaroxaban is a highly selective, orally active inhibitor of Factor Xa. Dechloro Rivaroxaban inhibits human free FXa with a Ki of 0.4 nM. Dechloro Rivaroxaban inhibits prothrombinase activity and fibrin-associated FXa activity with IC50s of 2.1 nM and 92 nM, respectively .
Carazostatin (DC118), an antioxidant, can be isolated from Streptomycs chromofuscus. Carazostatin (DC118) exhibits strong inhibitory activity against free radical-induced lipid peroxidation and shows stronger antioxidant activity in liposomal membranes than α-tocopherol (VE) .
Preactivated PE-Cy5 Maleimide is a sulfhydryl reactive dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. Preactivated APC-Cy5.5 Maleimide binds easily to proteins or antibodies, and does not change the spectral characteristics of APC-Cy/YF after activation.
Crisdesalazine (AAD-2004) is an anti-inflammatory agent that simultaneously blocks inflammation mediated by free radicals and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Crisdesalazine (AAD-2004) can be used to study neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases .
Choline Fenofibrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Choline Fenofibrate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Choline Fenofibrate (ABT-335), a choline salt of Fenofibric acid (HY-B0760), releases free Fenofibric acid in the gastrointestinal tract. Fenofibric acid is a PPAR activator with antihyperlipidemic effect .
Solifenacin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Solifenacin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Solifenacin (YM905 free base) is a novel muscarinic receptor antagonist with pKis of 7.6, 6.9 and 8.0 for M1, M2 and M3 receptors, respectively.
Cholesterol esterase, Porcine pancreas is an enzyme that hydrolyzes cholesterol ester to cholesterol and free fatty acid in the intestinal lumen. Cholesterol synthesized in the acinar cells and is stored in zymogen granules. Cholesterol esterase is also known as bile salt-stimulated lipase and carboxy ester lipasea, acts function for acceleration of cholesterol absorption.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), widely distributed in aerobic organisms, catalyzes dismutation of the superoxide free radical, O2-, to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide and apparently protects against oxygen toxicity. In human erythrocytes, O2- arises from autoxidation of oxyhemoglobin and SOD activity is copper-dependent.
Quercetin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-D-galactoside) is an antioxidant derived from Apocynum venetum that exhibits strong scavenging activity against DPPH (HY-112053) free radicals, with an EC50 value of 11.4 μM .
Timolol is a β-blocker available for both topical and systemic administration. Topical Timolol is primarily used to reduce intraocular pressure with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Timolol can also be used for the research of infantile hemangiomas, hypertension, myocardial infarction, migraine prophylaxis, and atrial fibrillation.Timolol also has cardioprotective effect .
Vicriviroc (SCH 417690) is an orally active CCR5 antagonist with the IC50 of 10 nM, and also inhibts MIP-1α and intracellular calcium release induced by the ligand RANTES (10 nM) with the IC50 values of 0.91 nM and 16 nM,,respectively. Vicriviroc can inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, and can also used for study of cancer .
PYZD-4409 is a specific inhibitor of the ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBA1 with an IC50 of 20 μM (cell-free enzymatic assay). PYZD-4409 induces cell death in malignant cells and preferentially inhibits the clonogenic growth of primary acute myeloid leukemia cells .
TP-021 (BCL6-IN-8c) is a potent and orally active B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6)-corepressor interaction inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.10 µM in cell-free enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay .
(±)-Taxifolin ((±)-Dihydroquercetin) is the racemate of Taxifolin. Taxifolin exhibits important anti-tyrosinase activity. Taxifolin exhibits significant inhibitory activity against collagenase with an IC50 value of 193.3 μM . Taxifolin is an important natural compound with antifibrotic activity. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity .
Edoxaban impurity 4 is an impurity of Edoxaban. Edoxaban (DU-176) is a selective, potent and orally active factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor with Kis of 0.561 nM and 2.98 nM for free FXa and prothrombinase, respectively. Edoxaban is an anticoagulant agent and can be used for stroke prevention .
Eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside (Eriodictyol 7-O-β-D-glucoside), a flavonoid, is a potent free radical scavenger. Eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside is also an Nrf2 activator, confers protection against Cisplatin-induced toxicity .
Mito-Tracker Green is a green fluorescent dye that selectively accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix. MitoTracker Green FM covalently binds mitochondrial proteins by reacting with free mercaptan of cysteine residues, allowing staining of mitochondrial membrane potential independent of membrane potential. Excitation/emission wavelength 490/523 nm.
FWM-1 is a potent SARS-COV-2 NSP13 helicase enzyme inhibitor with binding free energy equals -328.6 kcal/mol. FWM-1 effectively disrupts the binding of ATP to the SARS-COV2 helicase enzyme .
2-(Aminomethyl)phenol (2-Hydroxybenzylamine), a selective dicarbonyl scavenger, is an antioxidant and scavanger of free radicals and isolevuglandins (IsoLGs). 2-(Aminomethyl)phenol can be used in the research of inflammation and cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, early recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and arrhythmias .
Cholesterol esterase, Pseudomonas is an enzyme that hydrolyzes cholesterol ester to cholesterol and free fatty acid in the intestinal lumen. Cholesterol synthesized in the acinar cells and is stored in zymogen granules. Cholesterol esterase is also known as bile salt-stimulated lipase and carboxy ester lipasea, acts function for acceleration of cholesterol absorption .
Catechin-7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside is an antioxidant compound with strong DPPH free radical scavenging ability. Catechin-7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside can be extracted from birch inner bark and nepeta stem bark .
Propionyl-L-carnitine is a carnitine derivative and has a high affinity for muscular carnitine transferase. Propionyl-L-carnitine increases cellular carnitine content, thereby allowing free fatty acid transport into the mitochondria. Propionyl-L-carnitine alleviates the symptoms of PAD through a metabolic pathway, thereby improving exercise performance .
Preactivated APC-Cy5.5 Maleimide is a sulfhydryl reactive dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. Preactivated APC-Cy5.5 Maleimide binds easily to proteins or antibodies, and does not change the spectral characteristics of APC-Cy/YF after activation.
DSPE-PEG-DBCO ammonium is the ammonium salt form of DSPE-PEG-DBCO. DSPE-PEG-DBCO ammonium is utilized in copper-free click chemistry through SPAAC conjugation with an azido-functionalized peptide ligand. DSPE-PEG-DBCO ammonium is applied in drug-delivery and nanoparticle research .
3-Nitrobenzoic acid (m-Carboxynitrobenzene; m-Nitrobenzenecarboxylic acid; m-Nitrobenzoic acid) is a strong antioxidant and antimicrobial agent that can inhibit the generation of free radicals and kill bacteria and fungi. 3-Nitrobenzoic acid is a kind of biological materials or organic compounds that are widely used in life science research .
Sudan orange G (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sudan orange G. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sudan orange G is an azo dye. Sudan orange G, after enzymatic oxidation, generates oligomers and even polymers through free radical coupling reactions .
Edoxaban impurity 6 is an impurity of Edoxaban. Edoxaban (DU-176) is a selective, potent and orally active factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor with Kis of 0.561 nM and 2.98 nM for free FXa and prothrombinase, respectively. Edoxaban is an anticoagulant agent and can be used for stroke prevention .
HTHQ (1-O-hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone) is a potent lipophilic phenolic antioxidant. HTHQ has considerable anti-oxidative activity by directly reacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and scavenging ROS to form more stable free radicals .
TUG-1375 is an agonist of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2/GPR43), with a pKi of 6.69. TUG-1375 is inactive on FFA3, FFA4, PPARα, PPARγ, PPARδ, LXRα or LXRβ .
BDP FL DBCO is a photostable boron dipyrromethene used in the FAM (fluorescein) channel, with compatible property for fluorescein filters. BDP FL DBCO contains DBCO (azadibenzocyclooctyne) groups that enable copper-free catalyzed click chemistry reactions with azides. λex/λem= 503 nm/512 nm .
BM635 mesylate is a MmpL3 inhibitor with outstanding anti-mycobacterial activity. BM635 mesylate has a MIC50 of 0.6 μM against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. BM635 mesylate significantly improves the bioavailability compared to free-base BM635 .
(-)-Taxifolin is the less active enantiomer of Taxifolin. Taxifolin exhibits important anti-tyrosinase activity. Taxifolin exhibits significant inhibitory activity against collagenase with an IC50 value of 193.3 μM . Taxifolin is an important natural compound with antifibrotic activity. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity .
Cy5.5 DBCO is a click chemistry reagent containing an cycloalkynes group. Cy5.5 DBCO is a linker of Cyanine5.5 fluorophore. DBCO group enables copper free biocompatible click chemistry with fast reaction kinetics and good stability .
Antitumor agent-102 (compound 10) is a conjugate of Topoisomerase I inhibitor SN38 and glucose transporter inhibitor, targeting to colorectal cancer. Antitumor agent-102 induces higher concentrations of free SN38 in tumor tissues than Irinotecan (HY-16562) .
Trazodone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Trazodone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Trazodone (AF-1161 free base) is a serotonin receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor. Trazodone can be used for the research of major depressive disorder. Trazodone also has potential for sleep disorder research .
Pramiracetam (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pramiracetam. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pramiracetam (CI-879 free base) is a PREP (prolyl endopeptidase) inhibitor. Pramiracetam improves cognitive impairment caused by traumatic brain injury. Pramiracetam can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases .
Fingolimod (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fingolimod. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fingolimod (FTY720 free base) is a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) antagonist with an IC50 of 0.033 nM in K562 and NK cells. Fingolimod also is a pak1 activator, a immunosuppressant .
17-phenyl trinor PGF2α N-ethyl amide is an F-series prostaglandin analog which has been approved for use as an ocular hypotensive drug, sold under the Allergan trade name Bimatoprost.1 The N-ethyl amide prostaglandin prodrugs are converted to the active free acid more slowly than the analogous prostaglandin ester prodrugs such as latanoprost.2 This product is the isopropyl ester of the free acid prostaglandin which corresponds to Bimatoprost. The free acid, 17-phenyl trinor PGF2α, is a potent FP receptor agonist.3 In human and animal models of glaucoma, FP receptor agonist activity corresponds very closely with intraocular hypotensive activity. The 17-phenyl trinor PGF2α isopropyl ester derivative is examined for IOP-lowering activity during the development of latanoprost.4 At the dose of 3 μg/eye in the monkey, 17-phenyl trinor PGF2α isopropyl ester is the most potent analog tested in reducing IOP, lowering the IOP 1.3 mm Hg below the level achieved by latanoprost. However, this derivative is also significantly more irritating to the eye than latanoprost.
AZD-5438 is a potent CDK1, CDK2, and CDK9 inhibitor, with IC50s of 16 nM, 6 nM, and 20 nM in cell-free assays, respectively. AZD-5438 shows less inhibition activity against GSK3β, CDK5 and CDK6
.
Sodium 2-oxopropanoate- 13C3 is the 13C-labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS[1][2].
Gardenoside is a natural compound found in Gardenia fruits, with hepatoprotective properties. Gardenoside suppresses the pain of chronic constriction injury by regulating the P2X3 and P2X7 receptors. Gardenoside has an inhibitory effect on free fatty acids (FFA)-induced cellular steatosis .
BM635 hydrochloride is a MmpL3 inhibitor with outstanding anti-mycobacterial activity. BM635 hydrochloride has an MIC50 of 0.08 μM against M.tuberculosis H37Rv. BM635 hydrochloride doubles the in vivo exposure with respect to the free base BM635 .
Calcium Green-5N AM is a novel Ca 2+-sensitive fluorescent probe. Calcium Green-5N AM shows enhancement in fluorescence intensity on binding Ca 2+, and can monitor free Ca 2+ in neurons .
Sodium 2-oxopropanoate- 13C is the 13C labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate[1]. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS[2][3].
H-Met-Val-OH is a dipeptide containing free N-terminal methionine. H-Met-Val-OH exhibits activity against cDNA expressing Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) 1 and FMO3. H-Met-Val-OH has potential applications in the growth of neuritis .
Yhhu6669 is an anti-HBV agent. Yhhu6669 inhibits HBV DNA. Yhhu6669 inhibits HBV replication by inducing the formation of DNA-free capsids. Yhhu6669 decreases HBV DNA and HBcAg in AAV/HBV-infected mice. Yhhu6669 has favorable PK properties .
(2S,3R)-DEPMPO-Biotin is a spin trapping agent consists of DEPMPO (HY-120976) and Biotin (HY-B0511). (2S,3R)-DEPMPO-Biotin captures macromolecule free radicals in lesions .
16-Phenoxy tetranor Prostaglandin F2α methyl ester is a metabolically stable form of Prostaglandin F2α that can binds to FP receptor. 16-Phenoxy tetranor Prostaglandin F2α methyl ester serves as prodrug that can be hydrolyzed to generate bioactive free acid .
Acipimox (Standard) is the analytical standard of Acipimox. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Acipimox (K-9321), a nicotinic acid analogue, is an antilipolytic compound. Acipimox stimulates leptin releas, inhibits lipolysis and suppresses systemic levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and improves insulin sensitivity .
Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sodium 2-oxopropanoate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS .
Apilimod (STA 5326) is a potent IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor, and strongly inhibits IL-12 with IC50s of 1 nM and 2 nM, in IFN-γ/SAC-stimulated human PBMCs and SAC-treated monkey PBMCs, respectively . Apilimod is a potent and highly selective PIKfyve inhibitor.
(Rac)-Beraprost ((Rac)-ML 1229) is an orally active prostacyclin analog that inhibits the release of Ca 2+ from intracellular storage sites by binding to prostacyclin membrane receptors (Prostaglandin Receptor), leading to relaxation of smooth muscle cells and vasodilation. Beraprost has vasodilatory, antiplatelet, and cytoprotective effects, making it promising for research in the field of cardiovascular diseases, such as thromboangiitis obliterans and atherosclerosis .
Apilimod (STA 5326) hydrochloride is a PIKFYVE kinase inhibitor that promotes NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle activation and IL-1β secretion. Apilimod hydrochloride has been shown to inhibit host cell proteases, which may prevent viral invasion but also block antiviral immune responses, potentially exacerbating immunosuppression in COVID-19.
5-CFDA is a common aliphatic luciferin-line organism. CFDA conducts free diffusion into cells, and then it is hydrolyzed into carboxyl fluorescein (CF) by intracellular non-specific lipase. CF containing portion contains an additional negative charge so that it is better retained in cells, compared to fluorescein dyes .
Cystamine is the disulfide form of the free thiol, cysteamine. Cystamine is an orally active transglutaminase (Tgase) inhibitor. Cystamine also has inhibition activity for caspase-3 with an IC50 value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used for the research of severals diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) .
Tetrahydrofolic acid (L-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic acid) is the biologically active vitamin B9 folate derivative. Tetrahydrofolic acid is a donor of one-carbon groups for amino acids, nucleic acids, and lipids. Tetrahydrofolic acid serves as an acceptor of free formaldehyde, producing 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-Tetrahydrofolic acid .
5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein, a lipophilic fluorescent probe, is a free-fatty-acid conjugate of fluorescein. 5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein has been used in membrane fluidity studies and the determination of critical micelle concentration of detergents. 5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein can be also used to synthesize hydrophobic nanospheres for drug delivery .
Emapalumab (NI-0501) is a human monoclonal IgG1 antibody that noncompetitively inhibits IFN-γ. Emapalumab binds with high affinity (Kd= 1.4 pM) to both free IFN-γ as well as IFN-γ bound to its receptor. Emapalumab can be used in research of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) .
Cystamine (dihydrochloride) is the disulfide form of the free thiol, cysteamine. Cystamine is an orally active transglutaminase (Tgase) inhibitor. Cystamine also has inhibition activity for caspase-3 with an IC50 value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used for the research of severals diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) .
Superoxide dismutase, Porcine erythrocytes (SOD) is the only antioxidant enzyme that scavenges the superoxide anion by converting this free radical to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, thus preventing peroxynitrite production and further damage. Superoxide dismutase, Porcine erythrocytes is extensively researched and used in anti-inflammatory, antitumor, radiation protection, and antisenility applications .
Isoarjunolic acid (2α,3α,23-Trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid) is a triterpenoid, can be isolated from the stems of Cornus kousa. Isoarjunolic acid could have free radical scavenging activity and elastase inhibition activity .
Yeast extract is a concentrate of the soluble part of yeast, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The main nutritional components of yeast extract include partly hydrolyzed protein with 35-40% of free amino acid, and it also contain B vitamins and some trace elements. Yeast extract can be used as nutrients for bacterial culture media .
Thymolphthalexon (tetrasodium) is an organic compound commonly used as a reagent in biochemical assays. It belongs to the family of thioxanthone derivatives and has strong antioxidant properties. Thymolphthalexon has several applications in the study of free radical response, oxidative stress, and aging. In addition, it can be used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy for the improvement of cancer and other diseases.
2-Oxopropanoate- 13C5 (sodium) is the 13C labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate[1]. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS[2][3].
SCH-900271 is an orally active, potent nicotinic acid receptor (NAR) agonist with an EC50 of 2 nM in the hu-GPR109a assay. SCH-900271 exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of plasma free fatty acid (FFA). SCH-900271 has an improved therapeutic window to flushing .
Tetrahydrofolic acid (L-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic acid) trihydrochloride is the biologically active vitamin B9 folate derivative. Tetrahydrofolic acid trihydrochloride is a donor of one-carbon groups for amino acids, nucleic acids, and lipids. Tetrahydrofolic acid trihydrochloride serves as an acceptor of free formaldehyde, producing 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-Tetrahydrofolic acid .
Multinoside A (compound 6) is an antioxidant with DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50=54.3 μg/mL). Multinoside A can also downregulate COX-2 expression (IC50=9.6 μg/mL) and inhibit NO production (IC50=43.9 μg/mL) .
6-CFDA is a common aliphatic luciferin-line organism. CFDA conducts free diffusion into cells, and then it is hydrolyzed into carboxyl fluorescein (CF) by intracellular non-specific lipase. CF containing portion contains an additional negative charge so that it is better retained in cells, compared to fluorescein dyes .
5(6)-CFDA is a common aliphatic luciferin-line organism. CFDA conducts free diffusion into cells, and then it is hydrolyzed into carboxyl fluorescein (CF) by intracellular non-specific lipase. CF containing portion contains an additional negative charge so that it is better retained in cells, compared to fluorescein dyes .
Atherosperminine（Atherospermine）is a nature occurring alkaloid, has antiplasmodial activities in vitro, with an IC50 of 5.80 μM. Atherosperminine is a good reductant with the ability to chelate metals. Atherosperminine has scavenging activity towards the free radical DPPH, with an IC50 of 29.56 µg/mL. Atherosperminine exerts a non-specific relaxant effect on the trachealis .
Cyanine3.5 carboxylic acid chloride is an anthocyanin dye. Cyanine3.5 carboxylic acid chloride is Cyanine3.5 free unactivated monofunctional carboxylic acid and can be used as a reference or control for non-reactive dye. Cyanine3.5 also is an analog of Cy3.5 fluorophore .
Koaburaside is a cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory natural compound. Koaburaside shows antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 9.0 μM for DPPH-free radical scavenging assay. Koaburaside inhibits histamine release and expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α in human mast cells. Koaburaside also effectively inhibits influenza A neuraminidase .
4-Ketobenztriazine-CH2COOH (compound BA) is a hapten with a carboxyl group at the end of its spacer arm, suitable for reacting with free amine groups of proteins. 4-Ketobenztriazine-CH2COOH can be combined with carrier proteins and used in antigen design .
I2959 is widely used as a photoinitiator for photochemical cross-linking of hydrogels, and the combination of I2959 and CMA hydrogel has been used as a bio-ink for biological 3D printing applications. In addition, I2959 has a high free radical generation efficiency and is cytotoxic to rapidly dividing cell lines .
1-1(Z)-Octadecenyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC is a plasmalogen that contains 1(Z)-octadecenoic acid and arachidonic acid (HY-109590) at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively. It scavenges singlet oxygen in a cell-free assay.
Sesamol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sesamol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sesamol is a constituent of sesame oil. Sesamol shows a free radical scavenging activity. Sesamol shows an IC50=5.95±0.56 μg/mL in the DPPH assay. Anti-oxidant activities . Anticancer activities .
AB-182 is an aziridine derivative and antitumor agent.AB-182 shows synergistic antitumor effects in conjunction with x-irradiation. Intermediate hydrolysis products of AB-182 may block the repair of x-irradiation-induced breaks in the DNA strands by phosphorylating their free 3'-OH end groups.
CID 2011756 is an ATP competitive PKD inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3.2 μM for PKD1 in cell free assay, and also shows cellular pan-PKD inhibitory activity against PKD2 and PKD3 (IC50, 0.6 and 0.7 μM, respectively). CID 2011756 also has antitumor activity.
HS014 TFA is a potent and selective melanocortin-4 (MC4) receptor antagonist, with Kis of 3.16, 108, 54.4 and 694 nM for human MC4, MC1, MC3 and MC5 receptors respectively. HS014 TFA increases food intake in free-feeding rats .
Taurine- 13C2 is the 13C-labeled Taurine. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes[1][2][3].
7,3',4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone, a major metabolite of Daidzein, is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Cot (Tpl2/MAP3K8) and MKK4. 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone has anticancer, anti-angiogenic, chemoprotective, and free radical scavenging activities .
Methacrylic anhydride is a typical polymerizable 1,6-diolefin. Methacrylic anhydride can form a soluble csyclopolymer by free-radical initiation. Methacrylic anhydride can spontaneously polymerize through the vinyl group and justifies the use of 2-6-di-tert-butyl4-methylphenol as an inhibitor .
Niclosamide- 13C6 is the 13C6 labeled Niclosamide. Niclosamide (BAY2353) is an orally bioavailable chlorinated salicylanilide, with anthelmintic and potential antineoplastic activity. Niclosamide (BAY2353) inhibits STAT3 with IC50 of 0.25 μM in HeLa cells and inhibits DNA replication in a cell-free assay.
Cy5 DBCO chloride is an azide reaction probe and the addition of DBCO molecules allows the imaging of azide-labelled biomolecules by a copper-free “Click Chemistry” reaction . Cy5 DBCO (chloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a DBCO group that can undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing Azide groups.
H-Ser-Tyr-OH is a dipeptide consisting of glutamic acid, glycine and histidine. H-Ser-Tyr-OH can form a copper(II) complex with copper ions to form a strong free radical scavenging activity. H-Ser-Tyr-OH also increases the intracellular uptake of the delta opioid receptor ligand deltorphin .
α Amylase-IN-1 (Compound 11) is an α-Amylase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.5509 μM. α Amylase-IN-1 has antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 53.49 μM for scavenging DPPHfree radicals. IC50 can be used in the study of diabetes and oxidative stress-related diseases.
ADT-007 is a potent and orally active pan-RAS inhibitor with strong anticancer effects. ADT-007 binds RAS in a nucleotide-free conformation to block GTP activation. ADT-007 potently and selectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells with mutated or hyper-activated wild-type RAS isozymes .
Mito-DK is a small-molecule fluorescent dye with the capability of crosstalk-free response to polarity and mtDNA as well as mitochondrial morphology. Mito-DK has high photostability, low cytotoxicity, and good mitochondria-targeting properties. Mito-DK can be used for real-time tracking and multidimensional assessing of mitochondria-related pyroptosis in cancer cells .
Proquazone (RU 43-715) is a chemically distinctive non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID). unlike most other NSAIDs, Proquazone does not have a free acid group in its structure. Proquazone may inhibit or arrest progression of bone erosions. Proquazone is an orally active anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic agent .
Tamsulosin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tamsulosin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tamsulosin ((R)-(-)-YM12617 free base) is an inhibitor of α1-adrenergic receptor. Tamsulosin is used for the research of prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm growth in animal models .
3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol dipalmitate (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol dipalmitate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol dipalmitate is a free fatty acid consisting mainly of diesters .
Taurine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taurine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes .
(S)-Dexfadrostat ((S)-Fadrozole) is an aromatase inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.6 nM in human placental microsomes in vitro. (S)-Dexfadrostat can be used in the study of estrogen-dependent breast cancer, gynecomastia, and systemic lupus erythematosus .
L-Carnosine is a dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and histidine. L-Carnosine is an endogenous metabolite found in human brain, muscle and gastrointestinal tissues and is present in all vertebrates. L-Carnosine is a non-enzymatic free radical scavenger and natural antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties that can inhibit biochemical changes associated with aging .
Pterostilbene is a stilbenoid isolated from blueberries and Pterocarpus marsupium . Shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties . Pterostilbene blocks ROS production , also exhibits inhibitory activity against various free radicals such as DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide .
8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
HWL-088 is a highly potent and orally active free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) agonist (EC50 of 18.9 nM) with moderate PPARδ activity (EC50 of 570.9 nM) . HWL-088 improves glucose and lipid metabolism, and has anti-diabetic effects .
PI3Kα/mTOR-IN-1 is a potent PI3Kα/mTOR dual inhibitor, with an IC50 of 7 nM for PI3Kα in a cell assay, and Kis of 10.6 nM and 12.5 nM for mTOR and PI3Kα in a cell free assay , respectively.
13Z,16Z-Docosadienoic acid, a ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, possesses anti-borreliae effect. 13Z,16Z-Docosadienoic acid, as a long-chain fatty acid (LCFA), is a free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4 or GPR120, a LCFA receptor) agonist .
NNMT-IN-3 (compound 14) is a potent and selective nicotinamide N-methyltransferase NNMT inhibitor with IC50 values of 1.1 nM and 0.4 μM in cell-free and cell-based assays, respectively. NNMT-IN-3 can be used to research obesity, type 2 diabetes, alcohol-related liver disease, cancer, sarcopenia and so on .
BDP 581/591 carboxylic acid is a fluorescent dye (Ex=585 nm, Em=594 nm). BDP 581/591 carboxylic acid has a free carboxylic acid group, which can be catalyzed by a catalyst (such as EDC or HATU) to react with primary amines to form stable amide bonds. BDP 581/591 carboxylic acid is highly photostable and can be used for ROS detection.
Carboxypeptidase B, Porcine pancreas (EC 3.4.2.2) is a peptide exonuclease that can specifically degrade peptide chains. Carboxypeptidase B is progressively degraded from the C-terminal to release free amino acids. Carboxypeptidase B hydrolyzes only peptide bonds with basic amino acids (such as arginine and lysine) as C-terminal residues .
Taurodeoxycholic acid, a bile acid, stabilizes the mitochondrial membrane, decreases free radical formation. Taurodeoxycholic acid inhibits apoptosis by blocking a calcium-mediated apoptotic pathway as well as caspase-12 activation. Taurodeoxycholic acid exhibits neuroprotective effect in 3-nitropropionic acid induced mouse model or genetic mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD) .
MitoTracker Deep Red FM fluorescent dye that selectively accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix. MitoTracker Deep Red FM covalently binds mitochondrial proteins by reacting with free mercaptan of cysteine residues, allowing staining of mitochondrial membrane potential independent of membrane potential. Excitation/emission wavelength 644/665 nm . Storage: Keep away from light.
Glycyrrhizin-6′′-methylester (compound 22) is a glycyrrhizin that can be isolated from licorice root. Glycyrrhizin-6′′-methylester can participate as an aglycone in the formation of methyl glucuronate, producing a sweet and licorice taste, but no bitterness. This reveals the importance of the free carboxyl group on the glycoside cone-bound glucuronic acid for natural sweetness and licorice taste .
Carboxypeptidase B (MS grade) is a peptide exonuclease that can specifically degrade peptide chains. Carboxypeptidase B (MS grade) is progressively degraded from the C-terminal to release free amino acids. Carboxypeptidase B (MS grade) hydrolyzes only peptide bonds with basic amino acids (such as arginine and lysine) as C-terminal residues .
Mannosamine-desthiobiotin adduct (compound MDTBA) is a carrier immunogenicity-reducing hapten that reduces the immunogenicity of protein carriers upon conjugation to available free amines on the carrier protein surface. Conjugation of Mannosamine-desthiobiotin adduct to hsIgG significantly (>1-fold) reduced the immunogenicity of hsIgG. Mannosamine-desthiobiotin adduct can be used in antigen design research .
Uracil DNA Glycosylase (UDG/UNG), heat-sensitive (Heat-sensitive UDG) can catalyze the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond between the uracil base and the sugar phosphate backbone in the DNA chain containing uracil, releasing free uracil. Uracil DNA Glycosylase (UDG/UNG), heat-sensitive eliminates the carryover contamination dUTP-incorporated amplification products .
8(Z)-Eicosenoic acid is a cis-unsaturated free fatty acid with a 20-carbon chain. It potentiates acetylcholine (ACh) receptor channel currents without depression and enhances PCKε phosphorylation of a substrate peptide in Xenopus oocytes. 8(Z)-Eicosenoic acid constitutes 6% of the fatty acid pool in seed oil isolated from B. collina.
Taxifolin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taxifolin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taxifolin ((+)-Dihydroquercetin) exhibits important anti-tyrosinase activity. Taxifolin exhibits significant inhibitory activity against collagenase with an IC50 value of 193.3 μM . Taxifolin is an important natural compound with antifibrotic activity. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity .
Loganic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Loganic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity .
Gallic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gallic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) . Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities .
Monoglyceride lipase, Bacillus sp., is a key enzyme involved in lipid metabolism. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of monoglycerides (particularly 2-AG, or 2-arachidonoylglycerol) into glycerol and free fatty acids. By regulating the levels of 2-AG, Monoglyceride lipase, Bacillus sp., can influence neural signaling, pain perception, inflammatory responses, and metabolic processes .
(-)-Isopulegol (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-)-Isopulegol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Isopulegol is prepared directly from the treatment of essential oil of citronella under solid supported acid catalysis and solvent-free microwave assisted ene-cyclisation. (-)-Isopulegol shows high activity in reacting with carbonyl compounds. (-)-Isopulegol can be used for antiviral activity research .
Gallic acid (hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gallic acid (hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) . Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities .
Torin 2 is an mTOR inhibitor with EC50 of 0.25 nM for inhibiting cellular mTOR activity, and exhibits 800-fold selectivity over PI3K (EC50: 200 nM). Torin 2 also inhibits DNA-PK with an IC50 of 0.5 nM in the cell free assay. Torin 2 can suppress both mTORC1 and mTORC2.
Ruxolitinib (INCB18424) is an orally active and selective JAK1/2 inhibitor with IC50s of 3.3 nM and 2.8 nM in cell-free assays, and has 130-fold selectivity for JAK1/2 over JAK3 . Ruxolitinib induces autophagy and kills tumor cells through toxic mitophagy .
Penicillamine (D-(-)-Penicillamine) is a penicillin metabolic degradation product, can be used as a heavy metal chelator. Penicillamine reduces free copper and reduces oxidative stress. Penicillamine has effect of seizures through nitric oxide/NMDA pathways. Penicillamine is a potential immune modulator. Penicillamine can be used for the research of Wilson disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cystinuria .
N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) derives from maleic acid, it can alkylates free sulfhydryl. N-Ethylmaleimide is an irreversible cysteine protease inhibitor. N-ethylmaleimide specific inhibits phosphate transport in mitochondria. N-Ethylmaleimide inhibits prolyl endopeptidase with an IC50 value of 6.3 μM. N-Ethylmaleimide can be used to modify cysteine residues in proteins and peptides .
DBCO-NHS ester 2 is a cleavable linker that is used for making antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). DBCO-NHS ester 2 is a derivative of Dibenzylcyclooctyne (DBCO) used in copper-free click chemistry . DBCO-NHS ester 2 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a DBCO group that can undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing Azide groups.
β-D-Glucopyranosyl abscisate (ABA-GE) is a hydrolyzable abscisic acid (ABA) conjugate that accumulates in the vacuole and presumably also in the endoplasmic reticulum. The deconjugation of β-D-Glucopyranosyl abscisate allows the rapid formation of free ABA in response to abiotic stress conditions such as dehydration and salt stress. β-D-Glucopyranosyl abscisate contributes to the maintenance of ABA homeostasis .
12,14-Dichlorodehydroabietic acid, a chlorinated resin acid, is a potent Ca 2+-activated K + (BK) channel opener. 12,14-Dichlorodehydroabietic acid blocks GABA-dependent chloride entry in mammalian brain and operates as a non-competitive GABAA antagonist. 12,14-Dichlorodehydroabietic acid increases cytosolic free Ca 2+ and stimulates transmitter release .
Taurine- 13C2, 15N is the 13C- and 15N- labeled Taurine. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes[1][2][3].
Purple-β-D-Gal is a chromogenic β-galactosidase substrate. Intracellular enzymatic hydrolysis of Purple-β-D-Gal generates free indoxyl molecules, which undergo in situ oxidation and subsequent dimerization to produce chromogenic, water-insoluble, indigo precipitates. Purple-β-D-Gal can be used for the detection of β-galactosidase activity .
Dithiodipropionic acid can interact with CPUL1 (HY-151802, a TrxR inhibitor) to form nanoaggregates (CPUL1-DA NAs). CPUL1-DA NAs generates more abundant ROS to induce cell apoptosis than that of free CPUL1, and improves antitumor efficacy against HUH7 cancer cells .
Vari Fluor 680 SE (VF 680 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=680 nm/700 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 488 SE (VF 488 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=488 nm/513 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 640 SE (VF 640 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=648 nm/664 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 425 SE (VF 425 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=430 nm/475 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 565 SE (VF 565 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=563 nm/594 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 660 SE (VF 660 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=660 nm/679 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 350 SE (VF 350 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=350 nm/448 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 568 SE (VF 568 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=573 nm/595 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 750 SE (VF 750 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=747 nm/770 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 555 SE (VF 555 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=550 nm/561 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 405 SE (VF 405 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=399 nm/421 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 532 SE (VF 532 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=532 nm/545 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 594 SE (VF 594 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=585 nm/609 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
α-Lactose (hydrate) (α-D-Lactose (hydrate)) is the principal carbohydrate in the milk of most mammals. α-Lactose (hydrate) consists of glucose and galactose and exists in the form of two anomers, α and β. α-Lactose (hydrate) has many uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries, such as a free-flowing or agglomerating agent, a diluent for pigments, flavors, or enzymes .
Iodocholine iodide is a non-toxic, metabolizable "green" catalyst that can catalyze the free radical polymerization of functional polymers. Iodocholine iodide is also the non-radioactive iodide of Carbon-11 choline. C-11 Choline can be used in PET imaging and non-informative bone scintigraphy, CT or MRI to monitor various types of cancer .
PBD-BODIPY is a probe for the spectrophotometric measurement of autoxidation reactions. Co-autoxidation of the PBD-BODIPY signal carrier and a hydrocarbon co-substrate can be quantified by monitoring loss of absorbance at 591 nm. PBD-BODIPY has been used to measure the activity of radical-trapping antioxidants in cell-free assays. It has also been used as a fluorescent probe for the detection of epoxidation activity.
NPE-caged-HPTS sodium is a caged fluorophore that fluoresces upon uncaged fluorophore release, releasing the free highly polar fluorophore HPTS (Exc=470/40 nm, Em=525/50 nm). HPTS releases the fluorophore rapidly and uniformly, allowing for measurement of diffusion within tissues, with a diffusion coefficient of μm 2s ?1, similar to that of synaptic L-glutamate .
EGFR-IN-118 (Compound 4a) is an inhibitor for the tyrosine kinase EGFR. EGFR-IN-118 demonstrates anti-cancer property, inhibiting the proliferation of MCF-7 and PC3 with IC50 of 2.53 and 3.25 µg/ml. EGFR-IN-118 exhibits antioxidant efficacy, inhibiting the DPPH free radicals with IC50 of 10.04 µg/ml .
Iprodione (Standard) is the analytical standard of Iprodione. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Iprodione is an orally active diformimide fungicide. Iprodione can specifically cause oxidative damage by producing free radicals (ROS). Iprodione is also an antiandrogen agent that delays adolescent development in rats and reduces sexual behavior and reproductive ability in rats .
2-Azaadamantane-N-oxyl (AZADO) is a compound with antioxidant activity that can effectively scavenge free radicals. 2-Azaadamantane-N-oxyl has been widely studied in compound development and has shown potential inhibitory effects on a variety of diseases. The structure of 2-Azaadamantane-N-oxyl gives it excellent biocompatibility and is suitable for screening innovative compounds.
N-Stearoyltyrosine (N-(1-Oxooctadecyl)-L-tyrosine) is an analog of Anandamide (HY-10863). N-Stearoyltyrosine exhibits neuroprotective efficacy in gerbils ischemia-reperfusion model through protection in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. N-Stearoyltyrosine inhibits the free radicals production and improves antioxidant capacity. N-Stearoyltyrosine inhibits the IR-induced apoptosis .
D-luciferin is the natural substrate of the enzyme luciferase (Luc) that catalyzes the production of the typical yellowgreen light of fireflies. The 560 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction peaks within seconds, with light output that is proportional to luciferase concentration when the substrate luciferin is present in excess. The luciferase (luc) gene is a popular reporter gene for research and agent screening. Chemiluminescent techniques are virtually background-free, making the luc reporter gene ideal for detecting low-level gene expression. As little as 0.02 pg of luciferase can be reliably measured in a standard scintillation counter. In addition to its role as a reporter of gene expression, luciferase is commonly used in an extremely sensitive assay for ATP . We of er the firefly luciferase (HY-P1004), luciferin free acid (HY-12591A), as well as its water-soluble sodium salts (HY-12591) and potassium salts (HY-12591B) .
D-luciferin is the natural substrate of the enzyme luciferase (Luc) that catalyzes the production of the typical yellowgreen light of fireflies. The 560 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction peaks within seconds, with light output that is proportional to luciferase concentration when the substrate luciferin is present in excess. The luciferase (luc) gene is a popular reporter gene for research and agent screening. Chemiluminescent techniques are virtually background-free, making the luc reporter gene ideal for detecting low-level gene expression. As little as 0.02 pg of luciferase can be reliably measured in a standard scintillation counter. In addition to its role as a reporter of gene expression, luciferase is commonly used in an extremely sensitive assay for ATP . We of er the firefly luciferase (HY-P1004), luciferin free acid (HY-12591A), as well as its water-soluble sodium salts (HY-12591) and potassium salts (HY-12591B) .
D-luciferin is the natural substrate of the enzyme luciferase (Luc) that catalyzes the production of the typical yellowgreen light of fireflies. The 560 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction peaks within seconds, with light output that is proportional to luciferase concentration when the substrate luciferin is present in excess. The luciferase (luc) gene is a popular reporter gene for research and agent screening. Chemiluminescent techniques are virtually background-free, making the luc reporter gene ideal for detecting low-level gene expression. As little as 0.02 pg of luciferase can be reliably measured in a standard scintillation counter. In addition to its role as a reporter of gene expression, luciferase is commonly used in an extremely sensitive assay for ATP . We offer the firefly luciferase (HY-P1004), luciferin free acid (HY-12591A), as well as its water-soluble sodium salts (HY-12591) and potassium salts (HY-12591B) .
Tubastatin A Hydrochloride (Tubastatin A HCl) is a potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 of 15 nM in a cell-free assay, and is selective (1000-fold more) against all other isozymes except HDAC8 (57-fold more). Tubastatin A Hydrochloride also inhibits HDAC10 and metallo-β-lactamase domain-containing protein 2 (MBLAC2).
Edoxaban (DU-176b) is an orally active, highly potent, selective, and direct Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor with Ki values of 0.561 and 2.98 nM for free human FXa and prothrombinase. Edoxaban exhibits more than 10,000-fold selectivity over other coagulation proteases. Edoxaban can be used in preventing thromboembolic disease research .
Edoxaban (DU-176b) monohydrate is an orally active, highly potent, selective, and direct Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor with Kis of 0.561 and 2.98 nM for free human FXa and prothrombinase. Edoxaban monohydrate exhibits more than 10,000-fold selectivity over other coagulation proteases. Edoxaban monohydrate can be used for preventing thromboembolic disease research .
Tubastatin A is a potent and selective?HDAC6?inhibitor with?an IC50?of 15 nM in a cell-free assay, and is selective (1000-fold more) against all other isozymes except HDAC8 (57-fold more). Tubastatin A also inhibits HDAC10 and metallo-β-lactamase domain-containing protein?2 (MBLAC2).
Calcium dobesilate is a vascular protector with oral activity that can clear hydroxyl free radicals, with an IC50 of 1.1 pM. Calcium dobesilate has antioxidant activity and helps to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the retinas of diabetic mice. Calcium dobesilate can be used to study chronic venous diseases, diabetic retinopathy, and the occurrence of hemorrhoids, among other conditions .
Copper tripeptide (GHK-Cu) is a tripeptide. During wound healing, copper tripeptide may be freed from existing extracellular proteins via proteolysis and serves as a chemoattractant for inflammatory and endothelial cells. Copper tripeptide has been shown to increase messenger RNA production for collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans in fibroblasts. Copper tripeptide is a natural modulator of multiple cllular pathways in skin regeneration .
ML67-33 is a selective activator of temperature- and mechano-sensitive K2P channels. ML67-33 rapidly and reversibly affects K2P2.1 (TREK-1) with EC50s of 36.3 μM and 9.7 μM in cell-free and HEK293 cells, respectively .
Uridine triacetate (Tri-O-acetyl uridine) is an orally active proagent of Uridine (HY-B1449). Uridine triacetate is quickly absorbed in the gut, and is rapidly deacetylated in the circulation to yield free uridine. Uridine triacetate is used for the research of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine toxicity, or early-onset cardiac or central nervous system (CNS) .
HS014 is a potent and selective melanocortin-4 (MC4) receptor antagonist, with Kis of 3.16, 108, 54.4 and 694 nM for human MC4, MC1, MC3 and MC5 receptors, respectively. HS014 modulates the behavioral effects of morphine in mice. HS014 increases food intake in free-feeding rats .
Edoxaban (DU-176b) tosylate is an orally active, highly potent, selective, and direct Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor with Kis of 0.561 and 2.98 nM for free human FXa and prothrombinase. Edoxaban tosylate exhibits more than 10,000-fold selectivity over other coagulation proteases. Edoxaban tosylate can be used for preventing thromboembolic disease research .
BuChE-IN-5 (compound 25b) is a potent BuChE inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.94 μM. BuChE-IN-5 efficiently inhibits aggregation Aβ and tau protein in Escherichia coli. BuChE-IN-5 also has free radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity. BuChE-IN-5 can be used for researching Alzheimer’s disease .
N-Acetyl-DL-serine is a hydrophobic amino acid that is synthesized in the body and can be found as a free form or as a salt with malonate, phosphate, or acetate. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has also been used for the immobilization of DNA fragments on solid surfaces and can be used for protein synthesis and optical detection of DNA strands .
Edoxaban (DU-176b) hydrochloride is an orally active, highly potent, selective, and direct Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor with Ki values of 0.561 and 2.98 nM for free human FXa and prothrombinase. Edoxaban hydrochloride exhibits more than 10,000-fold selectivity over other coagulation proteases. Edoxaban hydrochloride can be used for preventing thromboembolic disease research .
Broussochalcone A is an antioxidant and an inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase (IC50=2.21 μM), with free radical scavenging activity. Broussochalcone A inhibits iron-induced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -activated macrophages. Broussochalcone A also induces Apoptosis of human renal carcinoma cells by increasing ROS levels and activating FOXO3 signaling pathways .
3-(((1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)methyl)thio)propanoic acid (MFP) is a hapten with a carboxyl group at the end of its spacer arm, suitable for reacting with free amine groups of proteins. 3-(((1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)methyl)thio)propanoic acid can be combined with carrier proteins and used in antigen design .
8-iso PGF3α is an isoprostane produced from the free-radical peroxidation of EPA. Little is known about the biological activity of 8-iso PGF3α. There is one report that it is inactive in a TP receptor mediated assay of human platelet shape change, where 8-iso PGF2α has an ED50 value of 1 μM.
IgdE protease is a cysteine protease, which is initially isolated from Streptococcus agalactiae. IgdE protease digests monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of the IgG1 type specifically at their upper hinge region, produces Fc/2, hinge peptide dimers, and Fab fragment. IgdE protease can be used in disulfide bonds and free thiol analysis, as it requires no reducing agents for cleavage .
DOTA-ADIBO TFA is a DOTA-derived bifunctional chelator (BFC) that allows drug conjugation via an uncatalyzed, copper-free cycloaddition reaction. DOTA-ADIBO TFA enables the construction of fusion chelator systems that can be further used to synthesize radiotracers after Cu[64] modification. Positron emission tomography imaging of tumors expressing integrin αvβ6 .
Cholesterol esterase, Candida cylindracea is an enzyme located in the intestines that hydrolyzes cholesterol esters into cholesterol and free fatty acids. Also known as bile salt-stimulated lipase or carboxylester lipase, this enzyme facilitates cholesterol metabolism and absorption in the body. It can also be used as a biochemical reagent, and is employed in conjunction with cholesterol oxidase (HY-P2848) to measure cholesterol levels .
Amino acid arylamidase, hog kidney is a metalloprotease that can hydrolyze proteins or peptides containing free α-amino or α-imino groups, playing a crucial role in amino acid metabolism and protein digestion. Its hydrolytic activity can be blocked by acetylation of the N-terminus. Amino acid arylamidase, hog kidney can be used in research on hepatic diseases, biliary diseases, and heart failure .
Silicon naphthalocyanine dichloride is a photosensitizer with potential anti-tumor activity. Silicon naphthalocyanine dichloride is used as a cancer-inhibiting compound in photodynamic therapy. Silicon naphthalocyanine dichloride can effectively absorb light energy of a specific wavelength, thereby generating oxygen free radicals that help destroy cancer cells. The biocompatibility of Silicon naphthalocyanine dichloride makes it show good prospects in medical applications.
α-Glucosidase-IN-76 (Compound 4r) is an inhibitor for α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 5.44 μM. α-Glucosidase-IN-76 scavenges ABTS+ free radicals with a TEAC value of 0.49. α-Glucosidase-IN-76 inhibits the proliferation of T24 bladder cancer cell with IC50 of 1.74 μM .
Migalastat (GR181413A free base) hydrochloride is an orally active α-galactosidase A molecular chaperone, with an IC50 value of 0.04 μM for human α-Gal A. Migalastat binds to the active site of certain unstable mutant forms of α-galactosidase A, facilitating their transport to the lysosome. After dissociation in the acidic environment, Migalastat enables the mutant α-galactosidase A to exhibit biological activity .
(R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((R,R)-SDG) is the minor isomer of Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in flaxseed. (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((R,R)-SDG) possesses antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities and DNA-radioprotective properties. (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((R,R)-SDG) inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity by suppressing both the peroxidase and chlorination cyclesin inflammatory cells .
DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) is a stable free radical that can be used to measure the radical scavenging activity of antioxidants. The odd electron of nitrogen atom in DPPH is reduced by receiving a hydrogen atom from antioxidants to the corresponding hydrazine. DPPH method may be utilized in aqueous and nonpolar organic solvents and can be used to examine both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants .
D(+)-Galactosamine (D-Galactosamine) hydrochloride, which is an established experimental toxin, primarily causes liver injury by the generation of free radicals and depletion of UTP nucleotides. D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride intoxication also induces renal dysfunction thus, renal failure is often associated with the end-stage of the liver damage. Lipopolysaccharide/D(+)-Galactosamine-induced acute liver injury is a known animal model of fulminant hepatic failure .
(Me)Tz-butanoic acid is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide. (Me)Tz-butanoic acid is tetrazine linker for conjugation via Diels-Alder-reaction, i.e. copper-free Click reaction with dienophiles . (Me)Tz-butanoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Tubastatin A (TSA) TFA is a potent and selective?HDAC6?inhibitor with?IC50?of 15 nM in a cell-free assay, and is selective (1000-fold more) against all other isozymes except HDAC8 (57-fold more). Tubastatin A TFA also inhibits HDAC10 and metallo-β-lactamase domain-containing protein?2 (MBLAC2).
Coumarin-C2-exoBCN is a dye derivative of Coumarin (HY-N0709). Coumarin-C2-exoBCN contains the lyophilic bidentate macrocyclic ligand exo-BCN, which can further synthesize macrocyclic complexes. In click chemistry, exo-BCN can react with molecules containing azide groups to generate stable triazoles under catalyst-free conditions.
Apo-Bovine Transferrin refers to iron free Transferrin (HY-P3267), serves as Transferrin receptor ligand and mediates iron release from endothelial cells. Apo-Transferrin indicates an iron deficient environment, can directly bind to hephaestin, which can convert Fe 2+ to Fe 3+. Apo-Transferrin mediates iron efflux most likely in cooperation with ferroportin 1 .
2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) is an active product that can be extracted from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. TSG has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-apoptotic, and free radical scavenging activities, TSG is also indicated to facilitate long-term potentiation and learning and memory in both normal and pathological conditions .
Eprosartan (Standard) is the analytical standard of Eprosartan. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Eprosartan (SKF-108566J free base) is a selective, competitive, nonpeptid and orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist, used as an antihypertensive. Eprosartan binds angiotensin II receptor with IC50s of 9.2 nM and 3.9 nM in rat and human adrenal cortical membranes, respectively .
Rhod-2 (potassium salt) is a water-soluble, red fluorescent calcium indicator. It exhibits a significant shift in fluorescence intensity upon calcium binding (ex max=549 nm; calcium-free v. ex/em max=552/581 nm; calcium-bound). Unlike the UV-excitable indicators fura-2 and indo-1 (HY-D0121), there is no accompanying spectral shift.
Aloenin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aloenin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aloenin (Aloenin A) is a kind of natural product, has effective clearing and free radical activity, and has moderate inhibitory activity on β-secretion (BACE) (IC50=14.95 μg/mL). Aloenin suppresses peritoneal hypertrophy in large rats and suppresses its release .
Ascorbate oxidase, acremonium sp is a member of the multicopper blue oxidase family and primarily exists in plants as a free enzyme in the cytoplasm or bound to the cell wall. Ascorbate oxidase, acremonium sp has a high activity in catalyzing the oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid, regulating various cellular processes related to plant growth, protection, and development. Ascorbate oxidase, acremonium sp can be used to detect hydrogen peroxide .
Tulobuterol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tulobuterol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tulobuterol (C-78 free base) is a long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist, which reduces the frequency of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma. Tulobuterol is also a sympathomimetic agent used as a transdermal patch, and increases normal diaphragm muscle strength .
PLX-4720 is a potent and selective inhibitor of B-Raf V600E with IC50 of 13 nM in a cell-free assay, equally potent to c-Raf-1(Y340D and Y341D mutations), and 10-fold selectivity for B-Raf V600E than wild-type B-Raf.
Vinpocetine (Ethyl apovincaminate) is a derivative of the alkaloid Vincamine that blocks voltage-gated Na + channels. The IC50 value of Vinpocetine on direct IKK inhibition in the cell-free system is 17.17 μM. Vinpocetine is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IκB kinase complex (IKK), and has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders .
Trimetazidine dihydrochloride is a selective long chain 3-ketoyl coenzyme A thiolase inhibitor with an IC50 of 75 nM, which can inhibit β-oxidation of free fatty acid (FFA). Trimetazidine dihydrochloride is an effective antianginal agent and a cytoprotective agent, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and gastroprotective properties. Trimetazidine dihydrochloride triggers autophagy. Trimetazidine dihydrochloride is also a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADHA) inhibitor .
Deferiprone is a potent, orally active, brain-penetrant, cell-penetrant, skin-permeable, free iron chelating agent. Deferiprone inhibits the proliferation and migration, and stimulates apoptosis in tumor cell. Deferiprone has antianemic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidotal activity. Deferiprone can be used in cancer, cardiovascular disease, infection, inflammation, and neurological disease study .
β-Amyloid 22-35 (Amyloid β-Protein 22-35), the residues 22-35 fragment ofβ-amyloid protein, has a cytotoxic effect on cultured neurons from the rat hippocampus in serum-free medium. β-Amyloid 22-35 forms aggregates and typical amyloid fibrils resembling those of the β-amyloid protein in neutral buffer solution) .
L-Quebrachitol is a methoxy analog of inositol isolated from plants, which has free-radical scavenging, gastroprotection, anti-platelet aggregation and anti-diabetic activity. L-Quebrachitol promotes osteoblastogenesis by uppregulation of BMP-2, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), MAPK (ERK, JNK, p38α), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway .
BYK204165 is a potent and selective PARP1 inhibitor. BYK204165 inhibits cell-free recombinant human PARP-1 (hPARP-1) with a pIC50 of 7.35 (pKi=7.05), and murine PARP-2 (mPARP-2) with a pIC50 of 5.38, respectively. BYK204165 displays 100-fold selectivity for PARP-1 .
N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone is a nitrone-based free radical scavenger that forms nitroxide spin adducts. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone inhibits COX2 catalytic activity. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone has potent ROS scavenging, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging and anti-diabetic activities, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier .
Trimetazidine is a selective long chain 3-ketoyl coenzyme A thiolase inhibitor with an IC50 of 75 nM, which can inhibit β-oxidation of free fatty acid (FFA). Trimetazidine is an effective antianginal agent and a cytoprotective agent, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and gastroprotective properties. Trimetazidine triggers autophagy. Trimetazidine is also a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADHA) inhibitor .
5,5'-Difluoro BAPTA is a difluoro-derivative of BAPTA (HY-100168). 5,5'-Difluoro BAPTA is the most widely used probe for studying cytosolic freeCa 2+ by 19F NMR. 5,5'-Difluoro BAPTA has high selectivity for Ca 2+. 5,5'-Difluoro BAPTA can inhibit the growth of pollen tube .
TUG-469 is a selective free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) agonist with an EC50 value of 19 nM. TUG-469 is >200-fold selective for FFA1 over FFA4. TUG-469 significantly improves glucose tolerance in pre-diabetic mice. TUG-469 can be used for the research of diabetes .
Milatuzumab (hLL1; MEDI-115) is a humanized anti-CD74 monoclonal antibody. CD74, a integral membrane protein, is associated with the promotion of B-cell growth and survival. Milatuzumab causes free radical oxygen generation, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Milatuzumaba also decreases CD20/CD74 aggregates and cell adhesion, to lead to cell death .
Sclerotiorin is a reversible and uncompetitive inhibitor against soybean lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) (IC50: 4.2 μM). Sclerotiorin also shows antioxidant activity by scavenging free radical (ED50: 0.12 μM), and nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. Sclerotiorin has antifungal activity, and also inhibits platelet aggregation. Sclerotiorin can be purified from the fermented broth of Penicillium frequentans .
Alogliptin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Alogliptin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Alogliptin (SYR-322 free base) is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of DPP-4 with an IC50 of <10 nM, and exhibits greater than 10,000-fold selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9. Alogliptin can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes .
Biotin-PEGn-NHS ester is a biotin-labeled PROTAC linker, which belongs to the PEG class and can be used to synthesize PROTAC molecules. Biotin-PEGn-NHS ester can interact with free neutral avidin in solution and successfully target malignant glioma cells. Biotin-PEGn-NHS ester can also be grafted onto the amino group of GelMA to prepare biotin-modified functionalized hydrogel, gelatin methacryloyl (Bio-GelMA) .
DSPE-PEG-DBCO, MW 2000 is a cyclooctyne containing phospholipid PEG polymer. The polymer can self-assemble spontaneously in water to form micelles/lipid bilayer. It can be used to prepare nanoparticles or liposomes as drug carrier in targeted drug delivery system. The DBCO can react with azide molecule via copper free click chemistry to form a stable triazole bond. Reagent grade, for research use only.
DSPE-PEG-DBCO, MW 2000 is a cyclooctyne containing phospholipid PEG polymer. The polymer can self-assemble spontaneously in water to form micelles/lipid bilayer. It can be used to prepare nanoparticles or liposomes as drug carrier in targeted drug delivery system. The DBCO can react with azide molecule via copper free click chemistry to form a stable triazole bond. Reagent grade, for research use only.
Ethyl (E)-ferulate is an AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway activator that can reduce lipopolysaccharide (HY-D1056)-induced acute lung injury. Additionally, Ethyl (E)-ferulate exhibits free radical scavenging properties, providing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and sunscreen effects. Ethyl (E)-ferulate holds promise for research in the fields of inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases .
Fluazuron is an insect growth regulator with activity against larvae of Amblyomma sculptum. Fluazuron exhibits 100% efficacy by interfering with the molting process. Fluazuron has shown rapid absorption and slow metabolism in experiments. The use of Fluazuron offers a potential preventive measure for the control of Brazilian spotted fever. The results of Fluazuron offer good prospects for the development of feed products containing FLU to control ticks in free-living capybaras .
N-Methylfulleropyrrolidine serves as an electron acceptor molecule characterized by its fullerene core and a nitrogen-free lone pair associated with the pyrrolidine ring. This compound can act as an intermediate in the synthesis of various functionalized fullerenes and plays a significant role in the development of opto-electronic devices. Comprehensive studies have been conducted on the photoinduced energy and electron transfer processes between oligothienylenevinylenes and N-Methylfulleropyrrolidine (MP-C60).
Zatebradine (UL-FS-49 (free base)) is a potent inhibitor of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels with an IC50 values 1.96 μM. Zatebradine blocks the slow inward current through human HCN1, HCN2, HCN3 and HCN4 channels, with IC50 values of 1.83 μM, 2.21 μM, 1.90 μM and 1.88 μM, respectively .
Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl ferulate) is a derivative of ferulic acid, isolated from Stemona tuberosa, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties . Ferulic acid methyl ester is a cell membrane and brain permeable compound, shows free radical scavenging ability, used in the research of neurodegenerative disorders . Ferulic acid methyl ester inhibits COX-2 expression, blocks p-p38 and p-JNK in primary bone marrow derived-macrophages .
β-Amyloid 22-35 (Amyloid β-Protein 22-35) TFA, the residues 22-35 fragment ofβ-amyloid protein, has a cytotoxic effect on cultured neurons from the rat hippocampus in serum-free medium. β-Amyloid 22-35 TFA forms aggregates and typical amyloid fibrils resembling those of the β-amyloid protein in neutral buffer solution) .
3-Hydroxy-2-(palmitoyloxy)propyl stearat is a non-volatile compound. 3-Hydroxy-2-(palmitoyloxy)propyl stearat can be isolated from less polar fractions of the brown macroalga Fucus virsoides J. Agardh. This part of the substance has a good ability to scavenge free radicals and has a protective effect on the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in zebrafish embryos .
m-PEG-OH (MW 20000) can be used as a macroinitiator to participate in the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers. Nanoscale micelles can be prepared by using amphiphilic block copolymers to deliver active drugs. Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), a hydrophobic anticancer agent encapsulated in micelles, has stronger activity in killing cancer cells than free Paclitaxel. And it preferentially accumulates in tumor tissue with only limited distribution in healthy organs.
m-PEG-OH (MW 10000) can be used as a macroinitiator to participate in the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers. Amphiphilic block copolymers can be used to prepare nanoscale micelles to deliver active drugs. Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), a hydrophobic anticancer agent encapsulated in micelles, has stronger activity in killing cancer cells than free Paclitaxel. And it preferentially accumulates in tumor tissue with only limited distribution in healthy organs.
m-PEG-OH (MW 1000) can be used as a macroinitiator to participate in the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers. Amphiphilic block copolymers can be used to prepare nanoscale micelles to deliver active drugs. Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), a hydrophobic anticancer agent encapsulated in micelles, has stronger cancer-killing activity than free Paclitaxel. And it accumulates preferentially in tumor tissues and has only limited distribution in healthy organs.
Ruxolitinib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ruxolitinib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ruxolitinib (INCB18424) is a potent and selective JAK1/2 inhibitor with IC50s of 3.3 nM and 2.8 nM in cell-free assays, and has 130-fold selectivity for JAK1/2 over JAK3 . Ruxolitinib induces autophagy and kills tumor cells through toxic mitophagy .
15(S)-Latanoprost is an analog of latanoprost in which the hydroxyl at carbon 15 is inverted relative to latanoprost. The IC50 values for the free acid forms of latanoprost and 15(S)-latanoprost were determined to be 3.6 nM and 24 nM, respectively, in a FP receptor binding assay using the cat iris sphincter muscle. A 3 μg dose of 15(S)-latanoprost caused a 1 mmHg reduction of IOP in normotensive cynomolgus monkeys.
U-89843A is a precursor of U-97924 and forms U-97924 as the major metabolite. Although U-97924 showed mutagenic potential in rat hepatocytes in a serum-free in vitro assay, no genotoxicity of U-97924 was observed in rats at high oral doses. Rat serum also inhibited the in vitro metabolism of U-89843 and the formation of the corresponding hydroxylated metabolite, U-97924 .
Pterostilbene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pterostilbene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pterostilbene is a stilbenoid isolated from blueberries and Pterocarpus marsupium . Shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties . Pterostilbene blocks ROS production , also exhibits inhibitory activity against various free radicals such as DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide .
Luteolin 7-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 3) is a flavonoid with antioxidant activity, which can be isolated from Margaritopsis carrascoana. Luteolin 7-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside has good DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50=0.188 mg/mL) .
GPX4-IN-14 (compound 2c) is an inhibitor of GPX4, with free radical scavenging activity (maximum scavenging rate is 72.52%) and anti-tumor proliferation activity in vitro. GPX4-IN-14 inhibits GPX4 protein, increases lipid peroxide levels and intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, thereby inducing ferroptosis and exerting anti-tumor proliferation effects .
Porfimer sodium (Photofrin II) is a photosensitizing compound used primarily for photodynamic inhibition. Porfimer sodium is selectively taken up by tumor cells and can generate oxygen free radicals upon activation. Porfimer sodium causes changes in Ca(2+) concentrations within cells, exhibiting acute electrophysiological responses and changes in cell morphology. The application of porfimer sodium can lead to the formation of micropores on the cell membrane surface, resulting in necrotic cell death .
Lucifer Yellow CH dilithium salt is a high-intensity fluorescent probe containing free hydrazyl groups. Lucifer Yellow CH can react with fatty aldehydes at room temperature. Lucifer Yellow CH serves as a biological tracer to monitor neuronal branching, regeneration, gap junction detection and characterization, and selective ablation of cells after aldehyde fixation. Lucifer yellow CH displays the maximum excitation/emission of 430 nm/540 nm, respectively .
Rhodionin, isolated from the root of Rhodiola crenulata, is a specific non-competitive cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.761 μM and a Ki of 0.769 μM . Rhodionin exhibits potent, dose-dependent inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 ranged from 57.50 to 2.43 μg/mL . Rhodionin exhibits potent DPPH free radical scavenging activities, with an IC50 of 19.49 μM .
Chlorobutanol is an orally active and potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and release and a pharmaceutical preservative with antibacterial activity. Chlorobutanol inhibits thromboxane B2 formation, ATP release, and elevation of cytosolic free calcium caused by collagen, ADP, epinephrine, arachidonic acid and thrombin. Chlorobutanol is active against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and several mold spores and fungi. Chlorobutanol is widely used in food and cosmetic industry .
Ninerafaxstat (IMB-1018972) is a novel orally active cardiac mitochondrial drug that restores myocardial energy homeostasis. Ninerafaxstat competitively inhibits 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (3-KAT) to partially suppress fatty acid oxidation, and shifts cardiac energy metabolism from free fatty acid oxidation to glucose oxidation, regulating myocardial substrate utilization and thereby improving cardiac efficiency. Ninerafaxstat can be used for research on cardiovascular diseases .
ARN1468 (compound 5) is an orally active and potent serpins inhibitor. ARN1468 can inhibit serpins activity would set the protease free to further reduce prion accumulation. ARN1468 shows anti-prion effect in ScGT1 RML, ScGT1 22L, ScN2a RML, and ScN2a 22L cell lines, with EC50 values of 8.64, 19.3, 11.2, and 6.27 μM .
Lucifer Yellow CH dipotassium is a high-intensity fluorescent probe containing free hydrazyl groups. Lucifer Yellow CH can react with fatty aldehydes at room temperature. Lucifer Yellow CH serves as a biological tracer to monitor neuronal branching, regeneration, gap junction detection and characterization, and selective ablation of cells after aldehyde fixation. Lucifer yellow CH displays the maximum excitation/emission of 430 nm/540 nm, respectively .
Polydeoxyadenylic-thymidylic acid (Poly(dA:dT)) sodium is a synthetic DNA polymer. Poly(dA:dT) sodium can be used to determine the activity of bound and free ribonucleic acid polymerase. Poly(dA:dT) sodium is recognized by multiple PRRs (cytosolic DNA sensors (CDS), including cGAS, AIM2, DAI, DDX41, IFI16, and LRRFIP1), and triggers the production of type I interferons. Poly(dA:dT) sodium can be used for the research of cancer and virus infection .
DBCO-PEG2-DBCO is a click chemistry reagent containing a DBCO group. DBCO-PEG2-DBCO is a PEG linker containing two terminal DBCO groups. The DBCO groups is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions due to its strain promoted high energy. The hydrophilic PEG chain allows for increased water solubility. T Reagent grade, for research use only .
2-[(4-Oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-yl)oxy]acetic acid (HBA) is a hapten with a carboxyl group at the end of its spacer arm, suitable for reacting with free amine groups of proteins. 2-[(4-Oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-yl)oxy]acetic acid can be combined with carrier proteins and used in antigen design .
6-[(4-Oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-yl)methylthio]hexanoic acid (MBH) is a hapten with a carboxyl group at the end of its spacer arm, suitable for reacting with free amine groups of proteins. 6-[(4-Oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-yl)methylthio]hexanoic acid can be combined with carrier proteins and used in antigen design .
3-[(4-Oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-yl)methylthio]propanoic acid (MBP) is a hapten with a carboxyl group at the end of its spacer arm, suitable for reacting with free amine groups of proteins. 3-[(4-Oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-yl)methylthio]propanoic acid can be combined with carrier proteins and used in antigen design .
(±)-Taxifolin-13C3 ((±)-Dihydroquercetin-13C3) is a derivative of (±)-Taxifolin, labeled with 13C3. (±)-Taxifolin is the racemate of Taxifolin. Taxifolin exhibits important anti-tyrosinase activity. Taxifolin exhibits significant inhibitory activity against collagenase with an IC50 value of 193.3 μM . Taxifolin is an important natural compound with antifibrotic activity. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity .
Penicillamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Penicillamine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Penicillamine (D-(-)-Penicillamine) is a penicillin metabolic degradation product, can be used as a heavy metal chelator. Penicillamine reduces free copper and reduces oxidative stress. Penicillamine has effect of seizures through nitric oxide/NMDA pathways. Penicillamine is a potential immune modulator. Penicillamine can be used for the research of Wilson disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cystinuria .
5-LOX/MAOs-IN-1 (compound 3) is a 5-LOX/MAOs inhibitor and a potent free radical scavenger with antioxidant properties. 5-LOX/MAOs-IN-1 also showed neuroprotective activity in oxidative stress-damaged cell models and can activate the neurogenesis microenvironment of adult mouse neural stem cells. 5-LOX/MAOs-IN-1 can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases .
2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (Photoinitiator-651) is a photoinitiator that, by absorbing UV light, generates free radicals to initiate cross-linking reactions, thereby curing coating materials and forming adhesive coatings. 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone can be used in research on the preparation of conductive adhesives, 3D printing materials, medical coatings, and biocompatible glues for biomedical devices .
Acetylcysteine (N-Acetylcysteine) extracted from plants is derived from plants and is an antioxidant and mucolytic agent that enhances the reserve of free radical scavengers in cells. It has been reported to prevent neuronal apoptosis while inducing apoptosis in smooth muscle cells. In addition, it inhibits HIV replication and serves as a substrate for microsomal glutathione transferase. This endogenous aminothiol is found in human plasma and urine and is commonly used as a mucolytic agent in clinical settings, usually administered by inhalation.
Amifostine (WR2721) is a broad-spectrum cytoprotective agent and a radioprotector. Amifostine selectively protects normal tissues from damage caused by radiation and chemotherapy. Amifostine is potent hypoxia-inducible factor-α1 (HIF-α1) and p53 inducer. Amifostine protects cells from damage by scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals. Amifostine reduces renal toxicity and has antiangiogenic action .
TOOS (TOOS sodium salt) is a highly water-soluble aniline derivative widely used in diagnostics and biological experiments. TOOS can be combined with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH) to form a chromogenic system to measure oxidase activity. In the MBTH-TOOS chromogenic system, MBTH is catalytically oxidized to produce (-NH) free radicals, which react with TOOS to form colorless compounds. Furthermore, the colorless compound undergoes a disproportionation reaction to produce a blue-violet quinoid compound .
Heptaminol (RP-2831) hydrochloride is a vasoconstrictor used in the study of hypotension, especially orthostatic hypotension. Heptaminol is also a skin cancer proliferation inhibitor that inhibits immune inflammation induced by the tumor promoting factor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in an NO-dependent manner. Heptaminol also acts as a sympathomimetic amine, exerting indirect sympathetic effects. Heptaminol is also an antagonist of catecholamine release and uptake and can increase intracellular free calcium levels .
Foxy-5, a WNT5A agonist, is a mimicking peptide of WNT5A which is a non-canonical member of the Wnt family. Foxy-5 triggers cytosolic free calcium signaling without affecting β-catenin activation and it impairs the migration and invasion of epithelial cancer cells. Foxy-5 effectively reduces the metastatic spread of WNT5A-low prostate cancer cells in an orthotopic mouse model .
SPR inhibitor 3 (SPRi3) is a potent sepiapterin reductase (SPR) inhibitor. SPR inhibitor 3 (SPRi3) displays high binding affinity to human SPR in a cell-free assay (IC50=74 nM) and efficiently reduces biopterin levels in a cell-based assay (IC50=5.2 μM). SPR inhibitor 3 (SPRi3) reduces neuropathic and inflammatory pain through a reduction of BH4 levels .
N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL) is a N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone can inhibit primary root growth in Arabidopsis. N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone triggers a transient and immediate increase in the concentrations of cytosolic free Ca 2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS), increases the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6), and induces nitric oxide (NO) production in Arabidopsis roots .
CalFluor 488 Azide is a water-soluble fluorogenic azide probe. CalFluor 488 Azide is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 488 Azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes . It contains an azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing alkyne groups. It can also undergo ring strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Hydroxy-PEG3-DBCO is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Hydroxy-PEG3-DBCO is a PEG linker containing a DBCO moiety and a terminal primary hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl can react with a variety of functional groups and the hydrophilic PEG spacer arm can provide better solubility to labeled molecules. DBCO is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions. Reagent grade, for research use only .
5β,6β-epoxycholestanol is an oxidative metabolite of cholesterol formed by free-radical and non-radical oxidation of cholesterol at the 5,6 double bond. Induces lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis in macrophage-differentiated U937 cells. Cholesterol 5beta,6beta-epoxide has been found in human fatty streaks and advanced atherosclerotic lesions, but not in normal aortic tissue .
Arachidonoyl Thio-PC is a substrate of many phospholipase A2 (PLA2), including sPLA2, cPLA2 and iPLA2. Cleavage of sn-2 fatty acids by PLA2 results in the production of free thiols, which react with chromogenic reagents such as DTNB (Ellman's reagent) and DTP, allowing quantification of PLA2 activity. Isozyme-specific cPLA2 activity can be measured by depleting or inhibiting sPLA2 and iPLA2 activity in the assay.
Lipase, Porcine Pancreas (PPL) is a porcine pancreas lipase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of mustard oil. The catalytic activity of Lipase, Porcine Pancreas may also be affected by surfactants such as Span, Tween and Triton. For example, 0.02 M sorbose monooleate (Span 80), 0.01 M Tween 80, and 0.01 M Triton X-100 inhibited Lipase and Porcine Pancreas free lipase catalytic rates to 75%, 84%, and 93% respectively .
Edoxaban (Standard) is the analytical standard of Edoxaban. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Edoxaban (DU-176b) is an orally active, highly potent, selective, and direct Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor with Ki values of 0.561 and 2.98 nM for free human FXa and prothrombinase. Edoxaban exhibits more than 10,000-fold selectivity over other coagulation proteases. Edoxaban can be used in preventing thromboembolic disease research .
Pantinin-2 is a cysteine-free toxic peptide found in the emperor scorpion (paninus imperator). Pantinin-2 has high activity against Gram-positive bacteria but weak activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Pantinin-2 also exhibits activity against Candida tropicalis and has relatively mild hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. Pantinin-2 can be used in the development of antimicrobial drugs for drug-resistant pathogens .
Frequentin, a secondary metabolite produced by Penicillium janthinellum, is influenced by environmental conditions such as cadmium nitrate and sodium chloride concentrations. In cadmium nitrate-free medium, P. janthinellum produces cyclopenin, carlosic acid, erythroskyrin, kojic acid, and patulin. At 100 ppm cadmium nitrate, it produces cyclopenin, carlosic acid, frequentin, and islandicin. In the presence of sodium chloride, frequentin is produced at 2% and 3% concentrations. These findings indicate that frequentin production is sensitive to specific environmental stressors, highlighting its potential variability under different growth conditions .
DPPH (Standard) is the analytical standard of DPPH. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) is a stable free radical that can be used to measure the radical scavenging activity of antioxidants. The odd electron of nitrogen atom in DPPH is reduced by receiving a hydrogen atom from antioxidants to the corresponding hydrazine. DPPH method may be utilized in aqueous and nonpolar organic solvents and can be used to examine both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants .
AAF-CMK TFA (Ala-ala-phe-chloromethylketone tfa; N-Ala-Ala-Phe-CMK) is a subtilisin-type serine peptidase that removes tripeptides from the free NH2 termini of oligopeptides. AAF-CMK TFA is an irreversible inhibitor of TPPII and is typically used at concentrations of 10-100 μM. It does not significantly interfere with the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome. AAF-CMK also inhibits bleomycin hydrolase and puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase when used at a concentration of 50 μM.
α-Lactose (hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of α-Lactose (hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. α-Lactose (hydrate) (α-D-Lactose (hydrate)) is the principal carbohydrate in the milk of most mammals. α-Lactose (hydrate) consists of glucose and galactose and exists in the form of two anomers, α and β. α-Lactose (hydrate) has many uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries, such as a free-flowing or agglomerating agent, a diluent for pigments, flavors, or enzymes .
Mitotane (2,4′-DDD), an isomer of DDD and derivative of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), is an antineoplastic agent, can be used to research adrenocortical carcinoma. Mitotane exert its adrenocorticolytic effect at least in part through lipotoxicity induced by intracellular free cholesterol (FC) accumulation. Mitotane can have direct pituitary effects on corticotroph cells. Mitotane can induce CYP3A4 gene expression via steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) activation, and has agent-agent interactions .
Foxy-5 TFA, a WNT5A agonist, is a mimicking peptide of WNT5A which is a non-canonical member of the Wnt family. Foxy-5 TFA triggers cytosolic free calcium signaling without affecting β-catenin activation and it impairs the migration and invasion of epithelial cancer cells. Foxy-5 TFA effectively reduces the metastatic spread of WNT5A-low prostate cancer cells in an orthotopic mouse model .
Amifostine trihydrate (WR2721 trihydrate) is a broad-spectrum cytoprotective agent and a radioprotector. Amifostine trihydrate selectively protects normal tissues from damage caused by radiation and chemotherapy. Amifostine trihydrate is potent hypoxia-inducible factor-α1 (HIF-α1) and p53 inducer. Amifostine trihydrate protects cells from damage by scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals. Amifostine trihydrate reduces renal toxicity and has antiangiogenic action .
Fluzoparib (SHR3162) is a potent and orally active PARP1 inhibitor (IC50=1.46±0.72 nM, a cell-free enzymatic assay) with superior antitumor activity. Fluzoparib selectively inhibits the proliferation of homologous recombination repair (HR)-deficient cells, and sensitizes both HR-deficient and HR-proficient cells to cytotoxic agents. Fluzoparib exhibits good pharmacokinetic properties in vivo and can be used for BRCA1/2-mutant relapsed ovarian cancer research .
Fluorescent brightener 28 is a fluorescent whitening agent commonly used in the padding process of the textile industry. Fluorescent brightener 28 is capable of staining polysaccharides such as cellulose, and when the plasma membrane ruptures, it also weakly stains the cytoplasm and strongly stains the cell nucleus. Additionally, Fluorescent brightener 28 can be utilized to detect intracellular chitin in living cells. Fluorescent Brightener 28 also is a visible light emitting diode (LED)-light sensitive photoinitiator for free radical photopolymerizations .
6,9,12,15-octadecatetraenoic acid (Glycerol α-monoelaidate) is a rare omega-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acid. In normal people, it accounts for less than 0.25% of serum phospholipid fatty acids. It is found in certain natural oils, such as echium and blackcurrant, and to the extent that these oils are incorporated into nutraceuticals, stearidonic acid can be an important polyunsaturated species in the human diet. Ethyl stearidonic acid, an ester of the free acid, is less water soluble but more suitable for formulating stearidonic acid-containing diets and dietary supplements.
Dilauryl thiodipropionate (DLTDP), which is a sulfur-containing antioxidant commonly used to stabilize polymers and plastics against degradation caused by heat, oxygen, and UV light, acts to scavenge free radicals and others that may cause polymer chain scission and cross-linked active substances, in addition, DLTDP has been used as an additive to lubricants, oils and other industrial fluids to improve their oxidation stability, the long hydrocarbon chain in DLTDP makes it low volatility and compatible with many materials and Good compatibility with substrates.
Urolignoside is an antioxidant with free radical scavenging activity. Urolignoside potently scavenges DPPH radical, and exhibits antioxidant to β-carotene-lineoleate model . 3'-Azido-3'-deoxyguanosine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (Pd(PPhs)) series of cross-coupling catalysts can be used to construct an organic heterojunction solar cell model. Adding different amounts of Pd(PPhs) significantly affected free carrier generation, non-twin trap and surface trap-assisted recombination as well as bimolecular recombination and charge extraction, but the impact on the non-duplex recombination process was limited because the catalyst could not promote efficient Trap-assisted reorganization. The studied system is highly robust with the addition of a small amount of Pd(PPha) .
Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride (IMB-1018972 trihydrochloride) is the trihydrochloride salt form of Ninerafaxstat (HY-139577). Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride is a novel orally active cardiac mitochondrial drug that restores myocardial energy homeostasis. Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride competitively inhibits 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (3-KAT) to partially suppress fatty acid oxidation, and shifts cardiac energy metabolism from free fatty acid oxidation to glucose oxidation, regulating myocardial substrate utilization and thereby improving cardiac efficiency. Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride can be used for research on cardiovascular diseases .
(3R,5S)-Fluvastatin ((3R,5S)-XU 62-320) sodium is the 3R,5S-isomer Fluvastatin. Fluvastatin (XU 62-320 free acid) is a first fully synthetic, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM. Fluvastatin protects vascular smooth muscle cells against oxidative stress through the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway .
Quercetin-3'-O-glucoside is a flavonol, which can be isolated from the flowers of Quercetin. Quercetin-3'-O-glucoside modulates Alloxan (HY-W017227)-induced hyperglycemia and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rats, exerting anti-diabetic and anti-peroxidation effects. Quercetin-3'-O-glucoside improves diabetes and tissue lipid peroxidation by virtue of its insulin-stimulating and/or free radical-scavenging properties .
Trimetazidine (dihydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Trimetazidine (dihydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Trimetazidine dihydrochloride is a selective long chain 3-ketoyl coenzyme A thiolase inhibitor with an IC50 of 75 nM, which can inhibit β-oxidation of free fatty acid (FFA). Trimetazidine dihydrochloride is an effective antianginal agent and a cytoprotective agent, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and gastroprotective properties. Trimetazidine dihydrochloride triggers autophagy. Trimetazidine dihydrochloride is also a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADHA) inhibitor .
PPARδ agonist 10 (compound 7) is an orally active, selective, and partial agonist of PPARδ, with EC50 values of 0.053 μM and 0.30 µM for hPPARδ(LBD)-GAL4 and mPPARδ, respectively. PPARδ agonist 10 is a partial PPARδ agonist in transactivation assay but a full agonist on free fatty acids (FFA) oxidation in muscle cells both in vitro and in vivo. PPARδ agonist 10 can be used for dyslipidemia research .
8-Isoprostaglandin F2α- 13C5 is 13C labeled 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α (HY-113209). 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
Thiazole orange dimer YOYO 1 is a green fluorescent dye used for DNA staining. It belongs to the monomethine cyanine dye family and is a tetracationic homodimer of oxazole yellow (abbreviated as YO, hence the name YOYO), usually provided as a tetraiodide salt. In aqueous buffer, the free YOYO-1 dye (λmax 458 nm; λmax 564 nm) has a very low fluorescence quantum yield, but after binding to double-stranded DNA through diintercalation, the fluorescence intensity is increased by 3200 times (λmax 489 nm; λmax 509 nm).
5-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (Compound 3n) is an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent, that inhibits Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with MIC of 8 and 4 μg/mL. 5-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol exhibits antioxidant activity with IC50 of 17.47 μM using DPPH free radical-scavenging method .
Vinpocetine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vinpocetine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vinpocetine (Ethyl apovincaminate) is a derivative of the alkaloid Vincamine that blocks voltage-gated Na + channels. The IC50 value of Vinpocetine on direct IKK inhibition in the cell-free system is 17.17 μM. Vinpocetine is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IκB kinase complex (IKK), and has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders .
Trimetazidine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Trimetazidine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Trimetazidine is a selective long chain 3-ketoyl coenzyme A thiolase inhibitor with an IC50 of 75 nM, which can inhibit β-oxidation of free fatty acid (FFA). Trimetazidine is an effective antianginal agent and a cytoprotective agent, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and gastroprotective properties. Trimetazidine triggers autophagy. Trimetazidine is also a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADHA) inhibitor .
Fluorescent brightener 28 (Technical Grade) is a fluorescent whitening agent commonly used in the padding process of the textile industry. Fluorescent brightener 28 is capable of staining polysaccharides such as cellulose, and when the plasma membrane ruptures, it also weakly stains the cytoplasm and strongly stains the cell nucleus. Additionally, Fluorescent brightener 28 can be utilized to detect intracellular chitin in living cells. Fluorescent Brightener 28 also is a visible light emitting diode (LED)-light sensitive photoinitiator for free radical photopolymerizations .
Deferiprone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Deferiprone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Deferiprone is a potent, orally active, brain-penetrant, cell-penetrant, skin-permeable, free iron chelating agent. Deferiprone inhibits the proliferation and migration, and stimulates apoptosis in tumor cell. Deferiprone has antianemic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidotal activity. Deferiprone can be used in cancer, cardiovascular disease, infection, inflammation, and neurological disease study .
D(+)-Galactosamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of D(+)-Galactosamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D(+)-Galactosamine (D-Galactosamine) hydrochloride, which is an established experimental toxin, primarily causes liver injury by the generation of free radicals and depletion of UTP nucleotides. D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride intoxication also induces renal dysfunction thus, renal failure is often associated with the end-stage of the liver damage. Lipopolysaccharide/D(+)-Galactosamine-induced acute liver injury is a known animal model of fulminant hepatic failure .
STAT3/HDAC-IN-2 (compound 18) is a dual inhibitor of STAT3 and HDAC, inducing autophagy and apoptosis. STAT3/HDAC-IN-2 is an amphiphilic hydroxamic acid hybrid based on the natural product isopropanol lactone (IAL) and is a nanoscale anticancer agent. STAT3/HDAC-IN-2 can self-assemble in water to form nanoparticles, which have higher tumor tissue accumulation, cellular uptake and anticancer properties compared to the free state .
Q11 peptide is a β-sheet-forming peptide that plays an important role in self-assembly and targeted applications. As a scaffold peptide, Q11 peptide can display immunogenic epitopes and is widely used in peptide-based immune vaccine research. Additionally, Q11 peptide can be conjugated with MUC1 glycopeptides for the study of self-assembling, adjuvant-free MUC1 glycopeptide vaccines. Q11 peptide holds great potential for research in the field of cancer immunology .
8-Isoprostaglandin F2α (Standard) is the analytical standard of 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
Articaine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Articaine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Articaine (Hoe-045 free base) is an amide agent that can suppress or relieve pain. containing an ester group, reversibly binding to the α-subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channels within the inner cavity of the nerve, can provide effective pain relief. Articaine ameliorates LPS-induced acute kidney injury via inhibition of NF-κB activation and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway .
A-70874 is a tyrosine-free tetrapeptide analog of cholecystokinin (30-33) (CCK-4). A-70874 is an agonist that stimulates pancreatic amylase release and a partial agonist that stimulates pancreatic phosphoinositide decomposition. A-70874 has an IC50 of 4.9 nM for the guinea pig pancreatic CCK receptor. Cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors are divided into CCK-A (digestive tract) and CCK-B (brain). A-70874 has an affinity of 1.6 μM for the CCK-B/gastrin receptor .
Flavonol is a cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 120 μM and a Ki value of 74 μM. Flavonol has antioxidant, free radical-scavenging, antibacterial properties, and immune modulation functions. Flavonol inhibits the PriA helicase of Staphylococcus aureus. Flavonol can suppress the production of NO in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the expression of the iNOS enzyme. Flavonol shows protective and analgesic effects in mice through various neuronal pathways. Flavonol can be used in research related to tumors and atherosclerosis diseases .
TUG-424 is a potent and selective free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) agonist with an EC50 of 32 nM. TUG-424 significantly increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion at 100 nM. TUG-424 may serve to explore the role of FFA1 in metabolic diseases such as diabetes or obesity . TUG-424 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
DBCO-PEG4-Biotin is an azadibenzocyclooctyne-biotin derivative containing a biotin group and 4 PEGs. DBCO-PEG4-Biotin is a versatile biotinylation reagent used for the introduction of a biotin moiety to azide-labeled biomolecules via copper-free strain-promoted alkyne-azide click chemistry (SPAAC) reaction . DBCO-PEG4-Biotin is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a DBCO group that can undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Cyprodinil is an anilinopyrimidine broad-spectrum fungicide that inhibits the biosynthesis of methionine in phytopathogenic fungi. Cyprodinil inhibits mycelial cell growth of B. cinerea, P. herpotrichoides, and H. oryzae on amino acid-free media (IC50s=0.44, 4.8, and 0.03 µM, respectively). Cyprodinil acts as an androgen receptor (AR) agonist (EC50=1.91 µM) in the absence of the AR agonist DHT and inhibits the androgenic effect of DHT (IC50=15.1 µM).
DIMBOA, an antibiotic, has antibacterial properties and inhibits bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and the mycotoxin-producing fungus Fusarium graminearum (which causes scab). DIMBOA exhibits strong free radical scavenging activity and weak iron(III) ion reducing activity, and has antioxidant activity. DIMBOA inhibits the biosynthesis and accumulation of toxic trichothecenes by affecting the expression of Tri6 and Tri5. DIMBOA reduces plant susceptibility to scab. DIMBOA also exhibits cytotoxicity to plant cells, causing plasmolysis, cell collapse, and cell rupture .
Xevinapant (AT-406) hydrochloride is a potent and orally bioavailable Smac mimetic and an antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Xevinapant hydrochloride binds to XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 proteins with Kis of 66.4, 1.9, and 5.1 nM, respectively. Xevinapant hydrochloride effectively antagonizes XIAP BIR3 protein in a cell-free functional assay, induces rapid degradation of cellular cIAP1 protein, and inhibits cancer cell growth in various human cancer cell lines. Xevinapant hydrochloride is highly effective in induction of apoptosis in xenograft tumors .
Fmoc-L-Dap(Pentynoyl)-OH is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Fmoc-L-Dap(Pentynoyl)-OH serves as an amino acid building block for introducing alkyne functions into peptide sequences by standard Fmoc/tBu protocols. The alkyne residue can be engaged for copper catalyzed click reaction with organic azides or with tetrazines for copper-free conjugations . Fmoc-L-Dap(Pentynoyl)-OH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
DBCO-PEG24-acid is a click chemistry reagent. DBCO-PEG24-acid is an analog of DBCO-Acid with PEG linker and a DBCO group. The DBCO groups is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions due to its strain promoted high energy. The hydrophilic PEG chain allows for increased water solubility. The terminal carboxylic acid can react with primary amine groups in the presence of activators (e.g. EDC, or HATU) to form a stable amide bond. Reagent grade, for research use only .
PARPYnD is a PARP enzyme photoaffinity probe (AfBP) based on the triple PARP1/2/6 inhibitor AZ9482 (HY-119653), which induces breast cancer Formation of multipolar spindles (MPS) in cells. PARPYnD inhibits PAPR wih IC50 of 38 nM (PARP1), 6 nM (PARP2), 230 nM (PARP6), respectively. PARPYnD enriches recombinant PARP6 incorporated into cell lysates and inhibits PARP6 in cell-free assays, but it does not label PARP6 in intact cells .
Vonoprazan (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vonoprazan. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vonoprazan (TAK-438 free base), a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is a potent and orally active potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), with antisecretory activity. Vonoprazan inhibits H +,K +-ATPase activity in porcine gastric microsomes with an IC50 of 19 nM at pH 6.5. Vonoprazan is developed for the research of acid-related diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease. Vonoprazan can be used for eradication of Helicobacter pylori .
Montelukast (Standard) is the analytical standard of Montelukast. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Montelukast (MK0476 free base) is a potent, selective and orally active antagonist of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1). Montelukast can be used for the reseach of asthma and liver injury. Montelukast also has an antioxidant effect in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and could reduce cardiac damage. Montelukast decreases eosinophil infiltration into the asthmatic airways. Montelukast can also be used for COVID-19 research .
(R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((R,R)-SDG) is the minor isomer of Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in flaxseed. (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((R,R)-SDG) possesses antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities and DNA-radioprotective properties. (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((R,R)-SDG) inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity by suppressing both the peroxidase and chlorination cyclesin inflammatory cells .
Moveltipril calcium (MC-838 calcium) is an orally active angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. Moveltipril calcium binds via a stable thioester bond and exhibits relative resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis in rat liver homogenate. Moveltipril calcium effectively inhibits ACE extracted from rabbit lung in a concentration-dependent manner. Moveltipril calcium is able to highly specifically inhibit the contractile response to angiotensin-I (AI) in free rat aortic rings and guinea pig ileum preparations, while enhancing the contractile response to calcitonin .
FtsZ-IN-10 is a bacterial division inhibitor that interferes with the normal assembly of FtsZ. FtsZ-IN-10 specifically binds to Bacillus subtilis FtsZ monomers, thereby affecting their polymerization behavior. FtsZ-IN-10 may also activate nucleotide-free archaeal FtsZ to form ordered polymers. FtsZ-IN-10 can hinder the localization of FtsZ in the Z ring and inhibit bacterial cell division. Chlorinated analogs of FtsZ-IN-10 show the ability to inhibit the growth of antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococci .
AChE/BChE-IN-25 (Compound 6e) is the orally active inhibitor for hAChE and eqBChE with IC50 of 7.9 nM and 0.79 nM. AChE/BChE-IN-25 exhibits antioxidant activity, that scavenges free radical with IC50 of 22.91 μM. AChE/BChE-IN-25 exhibits neuroprotective effects by reducing mitochondrial and cellular oxidative stress in the Drosophila Alzheimer's disease model. AChE/BChE-IN-25 ameliorates Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced spatial and cognitive memory impairment in mouse model .
GSK137647A (GSK 137647) is a potent, selective free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4) agonist with pEC50 values of 6.3, 6.2, and 6.1 for human, mouse and rat FFA4, and pEC50 values < 4.5 for all three species for FFA1, FFA2, and FFA3, respectively. GSK137647A has anti-inflammatory activity. GSK137647A induces insulin secretion and inhibits epithelial ion transport, GSK137647A is related to regulation of glucose homeostasis and anti-inflammatory response .
CFDA-SE is a fluorescent dye that can penetrate the cell membrane. It can react with the free amine group in the cytoskeleton protein inside the cell, and finally form a protein complex with fluorescence. After entering the cell, CFDA-SE locates in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, and the fluorescence staining is strongest in the nucleus .
CFDA-SE dye can be uniformly inherited by the cells with cell division and proliferation, and its attenuation is proportional to the number of cell divisions. This phenomenon can be detected and analyzed by flow cytometry under the excitation light of 488 nm, and can be used to detect the proliferation of cells .
AR420626 is a selective agonist of free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3) (IC50=117 nM). AR420626 has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidiabetic activities. AR420626 improves neurogenic diarrhea by inhibiting nAChR mediated neural pathways. AR420626 inhibits the growth of HepG2 xenografts and inhibits the proliferation of hepatoma cells by inducing apoptosis. AR420626 also suppresses allergic asthma and eczema and has the ability to activate GPR41 to increase Ca 2+ signal-mediated glucose uptake and improve diabetes .
Cyanine5 DBCO (DBCO-Cy5) is a low-toxicity azide reactive probe (NIR fluorescent dye), for imaging azide-labeled biomolecules via a copper-free "click-through" reaction. Cyanine5 DBCO has no apparent cytotoxicity or animal toxicity and shows no damage to the physiological functions of cells other than the target cells (azide-labeled cells). Cyanine5 DBCO can be used to label and track cells in vitro and in vivo (Ex=635 nm, Em=650-700 nm) .
Sulfo DBCO-PEG3-acid is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Sulfo DBCO-PEG3-acid is an analog of DBCO-Acid with PEG linker and a DBCO group. The DBCO groups is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions due to its strain promoted high energy. The hydrophilic PEG chain and sulfo group increase water solubility. The terminal carboxylic acid can react with primary amine groups in the presence of activators (e.g. EDC, or HATU) to form a stable amide bond. Reagent grade, for research use only .
5-HT2 agonist-1 (Compound 24) is a 5-HT2A & 5-HT2B & 5-HT2C agonist, with IC50s of 10 nM, 8.3, and 1.6 nM respectively. 5-HT2 agonist-1 free base can be used for research of depression, alcoholism, tobacco and cocaine addiction, inflammation, cluster headache, PTSD, seizure disorders and other CNS disorders .
YN14 is a KRASG12C proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC). YN14 is highly potent and selective KRASG12C degrader and induces a stable KRASG12C: YN14: VHL ternary complex with low binding free energy (ΔG). YN14 has antiproliferative effects and significantly inhibits KRASG12C-mutant cancer cell growth. YN14 leads to tumor regression with tumor growth inhibition (TGI%) rates more than 100 % in the MIA PaCa-2 xenograft model.
1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (14:0 Lyso PE) is a lysophospholipid with a phosphoethanolamine head and a myristoyl tail. The free amine group can conjugate with NHS active ester or coupled with carboxylic acid in the presence of a coupling agent. It also induces transient increases in intracellular calcium in PC12 cells . Serum levels of 1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine are elevated in patients with malignant breast cancer compared to healthy controls .
BuChE-IN-11 (Compound 3b-1) is an selective BuChE inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.44 μM for hBuChE. BuChE-IN-11 has high blood-brain barrier permeability and exhibits strong antioxidant activity due to its free radical scavenging properties. BuChE-IN-11 interacts with the choline binding site, acetyl binding site, and peripheral anionic site, exhibiting submicromolar BuChE inhibitory activity and preventing β-amyloid (Aβ) self-aggregation. BuChE-IN-11 holds promise for research in the field of Alzheimer's disease .
Heptaminol (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Heptaminol (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Heptaminol (RP-2831) hydrochloride is a vasoconstrictor used in the study of hypotension, especially orthostatic hypotension. Heptaminol is also a skin cancer proliferation inhibitor that inhibits immune inflammation induced by the tumor promoting factor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in an NO-dependent manner. Heptaminol also acts as a sympathomimetic amine, exerting indirect sympathetic effects. Heptaminol is also an antagonist of catecholamine release and uptake and can increase intracellular free calcium levels .
IMM-H004, a coumarin derivative, possesses neuroprotective and potent free radical scavenging abilities. IMM-H004 significantly inhibits amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, offering potential value for research into neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, IMM-H004 is also capable of effectively blocking the calcium mobilization and chemotaxis induced by CKLF1-C27 (HY-P3418), thereby alleviating asthmatic pathological changes in the lung tissue of CKLF1 transgenic mice .
15(S)-Latanoprost (Standard) is the analytical standard of 15(S)-Latanoprost. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 15(S)-Latanoprost is an analog of latanoprost in which the hydroxyl at carbon 15 is inverted relative to latanoprost. The IC50 values for the free acid forms of latanoprost and 15(S)-latanoprost were determined to be 3.6 nM and 24 nM, respectively, in a FP receptor binding assay using the cat iris sphincter muscle. A 3 μg dose of 15(S)-latanoprost caused a 1 mmHg reduction of IOP in normotensive cynomolgus monkeys.
Bisaramil hydrochloride is an antiarrhythmic compound with activity in inhibiting free radical generation. Bisaramil hydrochloride directly blocks sodium currents and exhibits enhanced sodium channel blocking ability. Bisaramil hydrochloride inhibits isoproterenol-induced slow calcium action potentials in cardiomyocytes. Bisaramil hydrochloride reduces heart rate and prolongs the PR, QRS, and QT intervals in the electrocardiogram, showing blocking effects on sodium and potassium channels. Bisaramil hydrochloride reduces cardiac conduction velocity, increases the threshold current for capture and atrial fibrillation, and prolongs the effective refractory period. Bisaramil hydrochloride reduces ventricular arrhythmias and eliminates mortality caused by ventricular fibrillation in ischemic rat hearts .
Cyprodinil- 13C6 is the 13C6 labeled Cyprodinil. Cyprodinil is an anilinopyrimidine broad-spectrum fungicide that inhibits the biosynthesis of methionine in phytopathogenic fungi. Cyprodinil inhibits mycelial cell growth of B. cinerea, P. herpotrichoides, and H. oryzae on amino acid-free media (IC50s=0.44, 4.8, and 0.03 µM, respectively). Cyprodinil acts as an androgen receptor (AR) agonist (EC50=1.91 µM) in the absence of the AR agonist DHT and inhibits the androgenic effect of DHT (IC50=15.1 µM).
NecroX-7 is a potent free radical scavenger and a HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) inhibitor. NecroX-7 can be used as an antidote to acetaminophen toxicity. NecroX-7 exerts a protective effect by preventing the release of HMGB1 in ischemia/reperfusion injury. NecroX-7 inhibits the HMGB1-induced release of TNF and IL-6, as well as the expression of TLR-4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products. NecroX-7 can be used graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) research .
DBCO-PEG24-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent. DBCO-PEG24-NHS ester is a click chemistry PEG reagent containing NHS ester that is able to react specifically and efficiently with primary amines (e.g. the side chain of lysine residues or aminosilane-coated surfaces) at neutral or slightly basic condition to form a covalent bond. The hydrophilic PEG spacer arm improves water solubility and provides a long and flexible connection that minimizes steric hindrance involved with ligation. DBCO is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions. Reagent grade, for research use only .
Sulfo DBCO-PEG3-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Sulfo DBCO-PEG3-NHS ester is an analog of DBCO-Acid with PEG linker and a DBCO group. The DBCO group is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions due to its strain promoted high energy. The hydrophilic PEG chain and sulfo group increase water solubility. The terminal carboxylic acid can react with primary amine groups in the presence of activators (e.g. EDC, or HATU) to form a stable amide bond. Reagent grade, for research use only .
Mitotane- 13C6 is the 13C labeled Mitotane[1]. Mitotane (2,4′-DDD), an isomer of DDD and derivative of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), is an antineoplastic agent, can be used to research adrenocortical carcinoma. Mitotane exert its adrenocorticolytic effect at least in part through lipotoxicity induced by intracellular free cholesterol (FC) accumulation. Mitotane can have direct pituitary effects on corticotroph cells. Mitotane can induce CYP3A4 gene expression via steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) activation, and has agent-agent interactions[2][3][4][5].
3,5-Dimethoxy-2,7-phenanthrenediol (compound 2) is a phenanthrene compound isolated from the roots of Combretum laxum. 3,5-Dimethoxy-2,7-phenanthrenediol is cytotoxic to human cancer cell lines 786-0, MCF-7 and NCI/ADR-RES, with IC50s of 73.26 μM, 118.40 μM and 83.99 μM respectively. 3,5-Dimethoxy-2,7-phenanthrenediol also has free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 20.4 μM .
Cyprodinil (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cyprodinil. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cyprodinil is an anilinopyrimidine broad-spectrum fungicide that inhibits the biosynthesis of methionine in phytopathogenic fungi. Cyprodinil inhibits mycelial cell growth of B. cinerea, P. herpotrichoides, and H. oryzae on amino acid-free media (IC50s=0.44, 4.8, and 0.03 µM, respectively). Cyprodinil acts as an androgen receptor (AR) agonist (EC50=1.91 µM) in the absence of the AR agonist DHT and inhibits the androgenic effect of DHT (IC50=15.1 µM).
Mitotane (Standard) is the analytical standard of Mitotane. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Mitotane (2,4′-DDD), an isomer of DDD and derivative of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), is an antineoplastic agent, can be used to research adrenocortical carcinoma. Mitotane exert its adrenocorticolytic effect at least in part through lipotoxicity induced by intracellular free cholesterol (FC) accumulation. Mitotane can have direct pituitary effects on corticotroph cells. Mitotane can induce CYP3A4 gene expression via steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) activation, and has agent-agent interactions .
Dihydrostreptomycin (DHSM) is an antibiotic that exhibits resistance to penicillin in strains of Pseudomonas lachrymans. Studies have shown that these strains can inactivate DHSM using a cell-free system in the presence of disodium adenosine triphosphate. The inactivated DHSM can be regenerated by alkaline phosphatase but not by phosphodiesterase. The structure of the inactivated DHSM has been determined by methods such as proton magnetic resonance imaging, and it was found that the hydroxyl group at the C-3 position of DHSM in its chemical structure is phosphorylated by the enzyme. Therefore, the study suggests that ATP:aminoglycoside 3"-phosphotransferase plays a role in DHSM resistance in Pseudomonas lachrymans N-7641 .
Dilauryl thiodipropionate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dilauryl thiodipropionate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dilauryl thiodipropionate (DLTDP), which is a sulfur-containing antioxidant commonly used to stabilize polymers and plastics against degradation caused by heat, oxygen, and UV light, acts to scavenge free radicals and others that may cause polymer chain scission and cross-linked active substances, in addition, DLTDP has been used as an additive to lubricants, oils and other industrial fluids to improve their oxidation stability, the long hydrocarbon chain in DLTDP makes it low volatility and compatible with many materials and Good compatibility with substrates.
Feprazone (DA2370; Prenazone), an analogue of Phenylbutazone (HY-B0230), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic activities. Feprazone acts by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Feprazone ameliorates free fatty acid (FFA)-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Feprazone can decrease the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Besides, Feprazone can suppress adipogenesis and increase lipolysis in differentiating 3 T3-L1 cells. Feprazone also can be used to research atherosclerosis and obesity .
DBCO-PEG2-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. DBCO-PEG2-NHS ester is a click chemistry PEG reagent containing NHS ester that is able to react specifically and efficiently with primary amines (e.g. the side chain of lysine residues or aminosilane-coated surfaces) at neutral or slightly basic condition to form a covalent bond. The hydrophilic PEG spacer arm improves water solubility and provides a long and flexible connection that minimizes steric hindrance involved with ligation. DBCO is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions. Reagent grade, for research use only .
L-Carnosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Carnosine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Carnosine is a dipeptide of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine and has the potential to suppress many of the biochemical changes that accompany aging.
In Vitro: L-Carnosine is a dipeptide of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine and has the potential to suppress many of the biochemical changes that accompany aging . L-Carnosine also exhibits some antioxidant effects. The antioxidant mechanism of L-Carnosine is attributed to its chelating effect against metal ions, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and ROS and free radicals scavenging ability .
Darexaban maleate (YM150 maleate) is a direct factor Xa inhibitor with activity in preventing venous thromboembolism. The major metabolite of Darexaban maleate in humans is Darexaban glucitol, which acts pharmacologically. The glucitolation reaction of Darexaban maleate is mainly catalyzed by UGT1A9 and UGT1A10 in the human liver and intestine. The K(m) value of Darexaban maleate glucitolation in the liver is greater than 250 μM, while in the intestine it exhibits substrate inhibition kinetics with a K(m) value of 27.3 μM. The unbound K(m) value of Darexaban maleate is significantly reduced by the influence of fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin in both HLM and UGT1A9 .
VTP50469 mesylate is a potent, and selective Menin-MLL1 inhibitor that effectively targets MLL-rearranged and NPM1c+ leukemia. VTP50469 mesylate selectively kills cell lines with MLL rearrangements and NPM1c+ mutations. VTP50469 mesylate displaces Menin from protein complexes and inhibits MLL's chromatin occupancy at specific genes, leading to significant changes in gene expression, differentiation, and apoptosis. VTP50469 demonstrates dramatic reductions in leukemia burden in patient-derived xenograft models of MLL-r acute myeloid leukemia and MLL-r acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with some mice remaining disease-free for over a year post-treatment.
Kartogenin (KGN) is an inducer of chondrogenic tissue formation (EC50: 100 nM). Kartogenin induces chondrogenesis by binding to fibrin A, disrupting its interaction with the transcription factor core binding factor beta subunit (CBFβ), and by modulating the CBFβ-RUNX1 transcriptional program. Kartogenin also promotes tendon-bone junction (TBJ) wound healing by stimulating collagen synthesis. Kartogenin is widely used in cell-free therapy in the field of regeneration for cartilage regeneration and protection, tendon-bone healing, wound healing and limb development. Kartogenin promotes cartilage repair, coordinates limb development, and is also used in osteoarthritis (OA) research .
omega-3 Arachidonic acid ethyl ester, in ethanol, 98% is a rare polyunsaturated fatty acid found in very small amounts in dietary sources. Omega-3 fatty acids are known to be essential for the growth and development of infants, and they protect against heart disease, blood clots, high blood pressure, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In human platelet membranes, omega-3 arachidonic acid inhibits arachidonyl-CoA synthetase with a Ki of 14 μM. It also inhibits arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase in calf brain extract with an IC50 of approximately 5 μM. Omega-3 ethyl arachidonate is the more lipophilic form of the free acid.
Kartogenin (KGN) sodium is an inducer of chondrogenic tissue formation (EC50: 100 nM). Kartogenin sodium induces chondrogenesis by binding to fibrin A, disrupting its interaction with the transcription factor core binding factor beta subunit (CBFβ), and by modulating the CBFβ-RUNX1 transcriptional program. Kartogenin sodium also promotes tendon-bone junction (TBJ) wound healing by stimulating collagen synthesis. Kartogenin sodium is widely used in cell-free therapy in the field of regeneration for cartilage regeneration and protection, tendon-bone healing, wound healing and limb development. Kartogenin sodium promotes cartilage repair, coordinates limb development, and is also used in osteoarthritis (OA) research .
Apoptosis inducer 26 (compound [AgCl(dap2SH)(PPh3)2]) is an autophagy inducer based on mononuclear Ag(I) ligands, with antibacterial and anticancer activities against a variety of bacterial strains and cancer cell lines. Apoptosis inducer 26 can effectively inhibit the growth of both Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria by causing the accumulation of Ag(I) ions in the bacterial periplasm. Apoptosis inducer 26 can intercalate between base pairs of CT DNA and induce apoptosis in A549 cells. Apoptosis inducer 26 also has the ability to scavenge free radicals, which can protect against oxidative stress .
Mitotane- 13C12 (2,4′-DDD- 13C12) is 13C labeled Mitotane. Mitotane (2,4′-DDD), an isomer of DDD and derivative of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), is an antineoplastic agent, can be used to research adrenocortical carcinoma. Mitotane exert its adrenocorticolytic effect at least in part through lipotoxicity induced by intracellular free cholesterol (FC) accumulation. Mitotane can have direct pituitary effects on corticotroph cells. Mitotane can induce CYP3A4 gene expression via steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) activation, and has agent-agent interactions .
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an aprotic solvent that dissolves polar and non-polar compounds, including water-insoluble therapeutic and toxic agents. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has a strong affinity for water and can rapidly penetrate or enhance the penetration of other substances into biological membranes. Dimethyl sulfoxide also has potential free radical scavenging and anticholinesterase effects and may affect coagulation activity. Dimethyl sulfoxide also induces histamine release from mast cells but is thought to have low systemic toxicity. Dimethyl sulfoxide also exhibits antifreeze and antibacterial properties . MCE provides Dimethyl sulfoxide that complies with the inspection standards (Ch.P) of Part 4 of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition).
Feprazone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Feprazone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Feprazone (DA2370; Prenazone), an analogue of Phenylbutazone (HY-B0230), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic activities. Feprazone acts by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Feprazone ameliorates free fatty acid (FFA)-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Feprazone can decrease the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Besides, Feprazone can suppress adipogenesis and increase lipolysis in differentiating 3 T3-L1 cells. Feprazone also can be used to research atherosclerosis and obesity .
A number of 17-phenyl trinor prostaglandin F2α (17-phenyl trinor PGF2α) derivatives have been approved for glaucoma. Of these, the unsubstituted or meta-substituted aromatic derivatives are the most potent FP receptor agonists.4 17-trifluoromethylphenyl trinor PGF2α bears an aromatic ring which is reminiscent of the trifluoromethyl-phenoxy ring of travoprost ((+)-fluprostenol isopropyl ester). As an ocular hypotensive agent, it would be expected that 17-trifluoromethylphenyl trinor PGF2α would act very much like the free acid of travoprost. 17-phenyl trinor PGF2α is a potent luteolytic, with a potency equal to or greater than fluprostenol and cloprostenol.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play an important role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a natural ligand for PPARα. N-Octadecyl-N'-propyl-sulfamide is an analog of OEA and a potent activator of PPARα, with selective binding affinity for PPARα (EC50=100 nM, compared to 120 nM for OEA). N-Octadecyl-N'-propyl-sulfamide (10 mg/kg; ip) inhibits food intake and reduces body weight gain in rats. At a dose of 1 mg/kg, N-Octadecyl-N'-propyl-sulfamide induces satiety, thereby reducing food intake, body weight, and plasma triglyceride concentrations in free-feeding Wistar rats and obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats.
Isopropyl palmitate is an fatty acid ester. Isopropyl palmitate can be used for design and characterization of bioactive bilayer films. The bilayer membrane not only has the ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation, but also can inhibit the growth of known foodborne pathogens. Isopropyl palmitate can be used as an excipient, such as lubricant, oily carrier, solvent, controlled-release transdermal film. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs .
Lobaric acid is a depsipeptide metabolite isolated from Stereocaulon lichen with antioxidant, antiproliferative, antiviral and enzyme inhibitory activities. Lobaric acid scavenges superoxide free radicals (IC50=97.9 μM) and inhibits cancer cell proliferation (EC50 of 15.2-63.9 μg/mL against leukemia, colorectal, gastric, breast, ovarian, prostate, pancreatic and lung cancer cell lines). Lobaric acid inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B; IC50=0.87 μM for human recombinant enzyme) and 12(S)-HETE produced by 12(S)-lipoxygenase (IC50=28.5 μM). Lobaric acid (250 μM) also reduced pathological changes in tobacco leaves infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
Dieugenol is a neolignan that has been found in N. leucantha and has antioxidative and antiprotozoal activities. It inhibits the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and scavenges superoxide anions, but not hydroxyl radicals, in cell-free assays. It has anti-trypanosomal activity against T. cruzi amastigotes and trypomastigotes (IC50s=15.1 and 11.5 μM, respectively) but is cytotoxic to NCTC L-929 fibroblasts with a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) value of 58.2 μM.2 Dieugenol (15 μM) disrupts the integrity of the T. cruzi trypomastigote plasma membrane but does not induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in trypomastigotes or LPS-stimulated and unstimulated isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages.
Pinolenic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in the seed oils of red pine (Pinus orientalis) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster). Both oils were found to have lipid-lowering properties. A diet containing marine pine nut oil (MPSO) reduces HDL and ApoA1 levels in transgenic mice expressing human ApoA1. MPSO was found to reduce cholesterol efflux in vitro. Korean pine nut oil supplements may help obesity by reducing appetite. People who take this oil experience an increase in the satiety hormones CCK and GLP-1 and a decrease in appetite. The activity of the oil is attributed to pinolenic acid. Pinolenic acid is not metabolized to arachidonic acid and can reduce the level of arachidonic acid in the phosphatidylinositol fraction of HepG2 cells from 15.9% to 7.0%. Pinolenic acid ethyl ester is a neutral, more lipophilic form of the free acid.
HKSOX-1 and its derivatives (HKSOX-1r and HKSOX-1m) are novel fluorescent probes designed for highly sensitive and selective detection of the superoxide anion radical (O2•−) in cellular environments. These probes utilize an aryl trifluoromethanesulfonate group that undergoes O2•−-mediated cleavage, releasing a free phenol and emitting fluorescence. They demonstrate excellent specificity and sensitivity across various pH ranges, withstand interference from strong oxidants and reductants typical in cellular contexts. HKSOX-1r, optimized for cellular retention, has been effectively employed in diverse assays including confocal imaging, flow cytometry, and zebrafish embryo studies, highlighting its utility in investigating O2•− roles in inflammation, mitochondrial stress, and other physiological processes .
Isopropyl palmitate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isopropyl palmitate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isopropyl palmitate is an fatty acid ester. Isopropyl palmitate can be used for design and characterization of bioactive bilayer films. The bilayer membrane not only has the ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation, but also can inhibit the growth of known foodborne pathogens. Isopropyl palmitate can be used as an excipient, such as lubricant, oily carrier, solvent, controlled-release transdermal film. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs .
Boc-L-Phe(4-NH-Poc)-OH is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Used as an orthogonally protected building block in peptide synthesis. Propargyloxycarbonyl, commonly abbreviated as Poc or Pryoc, can either be used as alkyne component for standard Click conjugation or in combination with tetrazine linkers in copper-free Diels-Alder type Click reactions. It also has applications as unusual protecting group for amines, hydroxy functions and as esters. All 3 are stable to neat TFA, but can be cleaved at ambient temperature with Co2(CO)8 in TFA:DCM. Deprotection with other transition metals like palladium have also been reported . Boc-L-Phe(4-NH-Poc)-OH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
H-L-Phe(4-NH-Poc)-OH (hydrochloride) is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Used as a modified Phe or Tyr analogue in protein and peptide biosynthesis. Propargyloxycarbonyl, commonly abbreviated as Poc or Pryoc, can either be used as alkyne component for standard Click conjugation or in combination with tetrazine linkers in copper-free Diels-Alder type Click reactions. It also has applications as unusual protecting group for amines, hydroxy functions and as esters. All 3 are stable to neat TFA, but can be cleaved at ambient temperature with Co2(CO)8 in TFA:DCM. Deprotection with other transition metals like palladium have also been reported . H-L-Phe(4-NH-Poc)-OH (hydrochloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
(S,R,S)-AHPC-PEG3-NH2 is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the (S,R,S)-AHPC based VHL ligand and 3-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology.
(S,R,S)-AHPC-PEG2-NH2 (VH032-PEG2-NH2) is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the (S,R,S)-AHPC based VHL ligand and 2-unit PEG linker used in the synthesis of PROTACs .
(S,R,S)-AHPC-PEG4-NH2 is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the (S,R,S)-AHPC based VHL ligand and 4-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology.
ZD 7155 is an AT1R selective antagonist with renal function modulating activity. The effects of ZD 7155 on glomeruli and tubules were measured in 1- (N = 9) and 6-week-old (N = 13) lambs. Pretreatment with ZD 7155 after L-NAME infusion did not alter glomerular function in 1- or 6-week-old lambs. During postnatal development, Ang II modulates the effects of NO on electrolyte handling via AT1R and AT2R. In 6-week-old lambs, selective inhibition of AT1R and AT2R increased the excretion of Na+, K+, and Cl-. In 6-week-old lambs, pretreatment with ZD 7155 and PD 123319 followed by the addition of L-NAME increased urine flow rate by 200%, free water clearance by 50%, and decreased urine osmolality by 40%. The same trends of changes in these variables were also observed when L-NAME was added to ZD 7155 or PD 123319, although to a lesser extent.
15(R)-17-phenyl trinor Prostaglandin F2α isopropyl ester (15(R)-17-phenyl trinor PGF2α isopropyl ester) is the latanoprost-related isomer containing both a double bond at 13,14 and an inverted (β) hydroxyl group at C-15. Similar to 15(S)-latanoprost, 15(R)-17-phenyl trinor PGF2α isopropyl ester is a potential impurity in most commercial preparations of the latanoprost bulk drug product. The IC50 values for the free acid forms of 15(S)-17-phenyl trinor PGF2α and 15(R)-17-phenyl trinor PGF2α were determined to be 0.71 nM and 30 nM, respectively, in a FP receptor binding assay using the cat iris sphincter muscle.1 A 3 μg dose of 15(R)-17-phenyl trinor PGF2α caused a 1.9 mmHg reduction of IOP in normotensive cynomolgus monkeys.
FCH Group Screening Library Collection contains about 2,244,487 lead-like compounds for biological screening. This brand new collection comprises polar molecules with pharmacologically important groups such as free carboxylic and amino groups.
The basic requirements for the compounds that are supposed to penetrate the blood-brain barrier are somewhat different from those for the majority of drug discovery projects. Alongside the known problem with delivery of the large and non-polar compounds and their penetrability through the cell membrane, the other issue arises as well: small and polar compounds are not able to pass the Blood-Brain Barrier. Chemspace CNS-focused library comprises quite small, non-polar compounds that are also free from PAINS/toxic fragments and aggregators.
MCE adhesive aluminium foil plate seals are of strong adhesive that can reduce chance of well-to-well contamination and sample evaporation when applied to microplates. This aluminium foil seal is suitable for long-term storage of samples at -80°C. The high integrity sealing materials give the best protection against evaporation and contamination. The aluminium foil seal features excellent chemical resistance to DMSO and DNase- & RNase- free. MCE adhesive foil seal is pierceable, peelable and easy-to-use.
Oxidative stress is an imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants in the body, which can lead to cell and tissue damage. Oxidative stress can be responsible for the induction of several diseases, both chronic and degenerative, as well as speeding up body aging process and cause acute pathologies. Antioxidants are a class of compounds able to counteract oxidative stress and mitigate its effects on individuals’ health, gained enormous attention from the biomedical research community. Antioxidants have long been substantial and amenable therapeutic arsenals for multifarious diseases such as AD and cancer.
MCE Antioxidant Compound Library contains 1,703 compounds that act as antioxidants for high throughput screening (HTS) and high content screening (HCS). This library is a useful tool for discovery new antioxidants and oxidative stress research.
Normal mitochondrial function is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis because mitochondria produce ATP and are the major intracellular source of free radicals. Cellular dysfunctions induced by intracellular or extracellular insults converge on mitochondria and induce a sudden increase in permeability on the inner mitochondrial membrane, the so-called mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT). MMPT is caused by the opening of pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane, matrix swelling, and outer membrane rupture. The MMPT is an endpoint to initiate cell death because the pore opening together with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c activates the apoptotic pathway of caspases.
The normal operation of mitochondrial function is important for maintaining normal cell death and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. MCE offers a unique collection of 674 compounds with identified and potential mitochondrial protective activity. MCE Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library is critical for drug discovery and development.
Radiation sickness is a general term for various types and degrees of damage (or disease) occurring in the human body after exposure to ionizing radiation. Although small amounts of ionizing radiation can also cause the body to produce free radicals and ROS, causing oxidative stress, resulting in DNA damage and chromosomal aberration. Radioprotector are compounds with radiation protection that can be used to prevent/protect non-tumor cells from the harmful effects of radiation. Radioprotective compounds can prevent the damage of radioactive substances to the human body and reduce the clinical symptoms of various radioactive diseases. In addition, radioprotectors can protect normal cells from damage during radiation therapy. The ideal anti-radiation drug should not affect the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiation therapy while protecting normal cells.
MCE designs a unique collection of 2,042 radioprotectors. Radioprotector Library is an effective tool for acute Radiation Syndrome, drug combination research with radiation drugs.
Vari Fluor 647A Carboxylic acid (VF 647A Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 555 Carboxylic acid (VF 555 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Amaranth free acid (Acid Red 27 free acid; Azorubin S free acid; FD & C Red Dye No. 2 free acid) is a multifunctional dye. Dyes are important tools in biological experiments. They can help researchers observe and analyze cell structures, track biomolecules, evaluate cell functions, distinguish cell types, detect biomolecules, study tissue pathology and monitor microorganisms. Their applications range from basic scientific research to clinical A wide range of diagnostics. Dyes are also widely used in traditional fields such as textile dyeing, as well as in emerging fields such as functional textile processing, food pigments and dye-sensitized solar cells.
Erythrosine B free acid is a visibly red dye with colorimetric and fluorescent properties that serves as an important dye for many Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Erythrosine B free acid can be used for live/dead determination in both colorimetric and fluorescence-based assays for low, medium and high-throughput experimentation .
ODIPY FL EDA free base is an amine-based, green fluorescent probe. The R-NH2 of ODIPY FL EDA free base can be coupled with aldehydes or ketones to form reversible Schiff base products. Convert to stable amine derivatives using reducing agents such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride. ODIPY FL EDA free base can be used to detect modified or normal deoxynucleotides and demonstrate DNA damage and genomic DNA methylation.
Vari Fluor 750 Carboxylic acid (VF 750 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 640 Carboxylic acid (VF 640 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 488 Carboxylic acid (VF 488 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 532 Carboxylic acid (VF 532 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 594 Carboxylic acid (VF 594 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 660 Carboxylic acid (VF 660 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 568 Carboxylic acid (VF 568 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 680 Carboxylic acid (VF 680 Carboxylic acid) free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives are unactivated labeled fluorescent dyes for protein, antibody, and polysaccharide labeling that require carboxylic acid activation for use .
Vari Fluor 647 Carboxylic acid free acid is a carboxylic acid derivative of Vari Fluor. Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivative is an inactive labeled fluorescent dye, which can be used to label proteins, antibodies, polysaccharides. The use of Vari Fluor carboxylic acid derivatives requires carboxylic acid activation.
Chrysoidine G (free base) (Solvent Orange 3; Chrysoidine Y base) is a multifunctional dye. Dyes are important tools in biological experiments. They can help researchers observe and analyze cell structures, track biomolecules, evaluate cell functions, distinguish cell types, detect biomolecules, study tissue pathology and monitor microorganisms. Their applications range from basic scientific research to clinical A wide range of diagnostics. Dyes are also widely used in traditional fields such as textile dyeing, as well as in emerging fields such as functional textile processing, food pigments and dye-sensitized solar cells.
Diheptanoyl Thio-PC is a substrate for all phospholipase A2s (PLA2s) with the exception of cPLA2 and PAF-acetyl hydrolase (PAF-AH).1 Interaction of this compound with a PLA2 results in cleavage of the sn-2 fatty acid generating a free thiol on the lysophospholipid. This free thiol can be detected using chromogenic substrates such as DTNB (Ellman’s reagent) and DTP.
CalFluor 580 azide is a fluorogenic azide probe that is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 580 azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes .
CalFluor 647 azide is a fluorogenic azide probe that is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 647 azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes .
Sudan orange G is an azo dye. Sudan orange G, after enzymatic oxidation, generates oligomers and even polymers through free radical coupling reactions .
Cyanine3 DBCO (Cy3-DBCO) hexafluorophosphate is a azide reactive probe, for imaging azide-labeled biomolecules via a copper-free "click-through" reaction.
800CW maleimide is an infrared dye that can be used for labeling molecules that contain free sulfhydryl (–SH) groups (Ex: 778 nm; Em: 796 nm). 800CW maleimide binds to plasma proteins .
5-IAF (5-Iodoacetamidofluorescein) is an idoacetamide derivate of fluoresceine. 5-IAF can be used as fluorescent probe that labels proteins and other molecules having free thiols (cysteine side chains) .
5-Br-PAPS is a highly specific Zn 2+ metallochromic indicator. 5-Br-PAPS is used in assays for measuring free Zn 2+ by forming a deeply colored red Zn 2+ complex .
AF 568 DBCO is a fluorescent dye that reacts with azide-labeled molecules or biomolecules via copper-free click chemistry. AF 568 exhibits maximum absorption wavelength of 579 nm and the maximum emission wavelength of 603 nm .
Sulfo-Cy7 tetrazine is a near-infrared water-soluble fluorophore. Sulfo-Cy7 tetrazine contains the methyltetrazine group for rapid, efficient, and metal-free conjugation to cycloolefin in a reaction called TCO linkage .
PerCP Maleimide is a fluorescent dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. PerCP is a red fluorescence albuminous dye for immunostaining and Maleimide can be leveraged for the preparation of fluorogenic probe, which is mainly used for the specific detection of thiol analytes .
Cy5.5(Me)-C3-DBCO is a click chemistry reagent containing an cycloalkynes group. DBCO group enables copper free biocompatible click chemistry with fast reaction kinetics and good stability .
Calcium Orange AM is an intracellular calcium reporter. Specific fluorescence can be detected when free calcium binds to Calcium Orange AM (Ex/Em=549/576 nm). Calcium Orange AM does not enter the vacuoles and does not compartmentalize into acidic vesicles .
Disulfo-ICG-DBCO disodium is a double sulfonic acid-modified indocyanine green. Disulfo-ICG-DBCO disodium can react with d-AzAla modified bacteria to detect the bacteria by copper-free click chemistry-mediated photothermal lysis and measurement of ATP bioluminescence .
Preactivated PE-Cy5 Maleimide is a sulfhydryl reactive dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. Preactivated APC-Cy5.5 Maleimide binds easily to proteins or antibodies, and does not change the spectral characteristics of APC-Cy/YF after activation.
Mito-Tracker Green is a green fluorescent dye that selectively accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix. MitoTracker Green FM covalently binds mitochondrial proteins by reacting with free mercaptan of cysteine residues, allowing staining of mitochondrial membrane potential independent of membrane potential. Excitation/emission wavelength 490/523 nm.
Preactivated APC-Cy5.5 Maleimide is a sulfhydryl reactive dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. Preactivated APC-Cy5.5 Maleimide binds easily to proteins or antibodies, and does not change the spectral characteristics of APC-Cy/YF after activation.
Sudan orange G (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sudan orange G. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sudan orange G is an azo dye. Sudan orange G, after enzymatic oxidation, generates oligomers and even polymers through free radical coupling reactions .
Calcium Green-5N AM is a novel Ca 2+-sensitive fluorescent probe. Calcium Green-5N AM shows enhancement in fluorescence intensity on binding Ca 2+, and can monitor free Ca 2+ in neurons .
5-CFDA is a common aliphatic luciferin-line organism. CFDA conducts free diffusion into cells, and then it is hydrolyzed into carboxyl fluorescein (CF) by intracellular non-specific lipase. CF containing portion contains an additional negative charge so that it is better retained in cells, compared to fluorescein dyes .
5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein, a lipophilic fluorescent probe, is a free-fatty-acid conjugate of fluorescein. 5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein has been used in membrane fluidity studies and the determination of critical micelle concentration of detergents. 5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein can be also used to synthesize hydrophobic nanospheres for drug delivery .
Thymolphthalexon (tetrasodium) is an organic compound commonly used as a reagent in biochemical assays. It belongs to the family of thioxanthone derivatives and has strong antioxidant properties. Thymolphthalexon has several applications in the study of free radical response, oxidative stress, and aging. In addition, it can be used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy for the improvement of cancer and other diseases.
6-CFDA is a common aliphatic luciferin-line organism. CFDA conducts free diffusion into cells, and then it is hydrolyzed into carboxyl fluorescein (CF) by intracellular non-specific lipase. CF containing portion contains an additional negative charge so that it is better retained in cells, compared to fluorescein dyes .
5(6)-CFDA is a common aliphatic luciferin-line organism. CFDA conducts free diffusion into cells, and then it is hydrolyzed into carboxyl fluorescein (CF) by intracellular non-specific lipase. CF containing portion contains an additional negative charge so that it is better retained in cells, compared to fluorescein dyes .
Cy5 DBCO chloride is an azide reaction probe and the addition of DBCO molecules allows the imaging of azide-labelled biomolecules by a copper-free “Click Chemistry” reaction . Cy5 DBCO (chloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a DBCO group that can undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing Azide groups.
BDP 581/591 carboxylic acid is a fluorescent dye (Ex=585 nm, Em=594 nm). BDP 581/591 carboxylic acid has a free carboxylic acid group, which can be catalyzed by a catalyst (such as EDC or HATU) to react with primary amines to form stable amide bonds. BDP 581/591 carboxylic acid is highly photostable and can be used for ROS detection.
Purple-β-D-Gal is a chromogenic β-galactosidase substrate. Intracellular enzymatic hydrolysis of Purple-β-D-Gal generates free indoxyl molecules, which undergo in situ oxidation and subsequent dimerization to produce chromogenic, water-insoluble, indigo precipitates. Purple-β-D-Gal can be used for the detection of β-galactosidase activity .
Vari Fluor 680 SE (VF 680 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=680 nm/700 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 488 SE (VF 488 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=488 nm/513 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 640 SE (VF 640 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=648 nm/664 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 425 SE (VF 425 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=430 nm/475 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 565 SE (VF 565 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=563 nm/594 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 660 SE (VF 660 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=660 nm/679 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 350 SE (VF 350 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=350 nm/448 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 568 SE (VF 568 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=573 nm/595 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 750 SE (VF 750 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=747 nm/770 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 555 SE (VF 555 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=550 nm/561 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 405 SE (VF 405 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=399 nm/421 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 532 SE (VF 532 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=532 nm/545 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
Vari Fluor 594 SE (VF 594 SE) is a dye marker of the Vari Fluor SE series (Ex/Em=585 nm/609 nm). The Vari Fluor SE series of dyes are a class of fluorescent dyes containing NHS ester groups used to label free amines (-NHX) on antibodies, proteins, peptides, amine-modified oligonucleotides and other biomolecules.
D-luciferin is the natural substrate of the enzyme luciferase (Luc) that catalyzes the production of the typical yellowgreen light of fireflies. The 560 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction peaks within seconds, with light output that is proportional to luciferase concentration when the substrate luciferin is present in excess. The luciferase (luc) gene is a popular reporter gene for research and agent screening. Chemiluminescent techniques are virtually background-free, making the luc reporter gene ideal for detecting low-level gene expression. As little as 0.02 pg of luciferase can be reliably measured in a standard scintillation counter. In addition to its role as a reporter of gene expression, luciferase is commonly used in an extremely sensitive assay for ATP . We of er the firefly luciferase (HY-P1004), luciferin free acid (HY-12591A), as well as its water-soluble sodium salts (HY-12591) and potassium salts (HY-12591B) .
D-luciferin is the natural substrate of the enzyme luciferase (Luc) that catalyzes the production of the typical yellowgreen light of fireflies. The 560 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction peaks within seconds, with light output that is proportional to luciferase concentration when the substrate luciferin is present in excess. The luciferase (luc) gene is a popular reporter gene for research and agent screening. Chemiluminescent techniques are virtually background-free, making the luc reporter gene ideal for detecting low-level gene expression. As little as 0.02 pg of luciferase can be reliably measured in a standard scintillation counter. In addition to its role as a reporter of gene expression, luciferase is commonly used in an extremely sensitive assay for ATP . We of er the firefly luciferase (HY-P1004), luciferin free acid (HY-12591A), as well as its water-soluble sodium salts (HY-12591) and potassium salts (HY-12591B) .
D-luciferin is the natural substrate of the enzyme luciferase (Luc) that catalyzes the production of the typical yellowgreen light of fireflies. The 560 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction peaks within seconds, with light output that is proportional to luciferase concentration when the substrate luciferin is present in excess. The luciferase (luc) gene is a popular reporter gene for research and agent screening. Chemiluminescent techniques are virtually background-free, making the luc reporter gene ideal for detecting low-level gene expression. As little as 0.02 pg of luciferase can be reliably measured in a standard scintillation counter. In addition to its role as a reporter of gene expression, luciferase is commonly used in an extremely sensitive assay for ATP . We offer the firefly luciferase (HY-P1004), luciferin free acid (HY-12591A), as well as its water-soluble sodium salts (HY-12591) and potassium salts (HY-12591B) .
Coumarin-C2-exoBCN is a dye derivative of Coumarin (HY-N0709). Coumarin-C2-exoBCN contains the lyophilic bidentate macrocyclic ligand exo-BCN, which can further synthesize macrocyclic complexes. In click chemistry, exo-BCN can react with molecules containing azide groups to generate stable triazoles under catalyst-free conditions.
Rhod-2 (potassium salt) is a water-soluble, red fluorescent calcium indicator. It exhibits a significant shift in fluorescence intensity upon calcium binding (ex max=549 nm; calcium-free v. ex/em max=552/581 nm; calcium-bound). Unlike the UV-excitable indicators fura-2 and indo-1 (HY-D0121), there is no accompanying spectral shift.
Lucifer Yellow CH dilithium salt is a high-intensity fluorescent probe containing free hydrazyl groups. Lucifer Yellow CH can react with fatty aldehydes at room temperature. Lucifer Yellow CH serves as a biological tracer to monitor neuronal branching, regeneration, gap junction detection and characterization, and selective ablation of cells after aldehyde fixation. Lucifer yellow CH displays the maximum excitation/emission of 430 nm/540 nm, respectively .
Lucifer Yellow CH dipotassium is a high-intensity fluorescent probe containing free hydrazyl groups. Lucifer Yellow CH can react with fatty aldehydes at room temperature. Lucifer Yellow CH serves as a biological tracer to monitor neuronal branching, regeneration, gap junction detection and characterization, and selective ablation of cells after aldehyde fixation. Lucifer yellow CH displays the maximum excitation/emission of 430 nm/540 nm, respectively .
CalFluor 488 Azide is a water-soluble fluorogenic azide probe. CalFluor 488 Azide is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 488 Azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes . It contains an azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing alkyne groups. It can also undergo ring strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Fluorescent brightener 28 is a fluorescent whitening agent commonly used in the padding process of the textile industry. Fluorescent brightener 28 is capable of staining polysaccharides such as cellulose, and when the plasma membrane ruptures, it also weakly stains the cytoplasm and strongly stains the cell nucleus. Additionally, Fluorescent brightener 28 can be utilized to detect intracellular chitin in living cells. Fluorescent Brightener 28 also is a visible light emitting diode (LED)-light sensitive photoinitiator for free radical photopolymerizations .
Thiazole orange dimer YOYO 1 is a green fluorescent dye used for DNA staining. It belongs to the monomethine cyanine dye family and is a tetracationic homodimer of oxazole yellow (abbreviated as YO, hence the name YOYO), usually provided as a tetraiodide salt. In aqueous buffer, the free YOYO-1 dye (λmax 458 nm; λmax 564 nm) has a very low fluorescence quantum yield, but after binding to double-stranded DNA through diintercalation, the fluorescence intensity is increased by 3200 times (λmax 489 nm; λmax 509 nm).
CFDA-SE is a fluorescent dye that can penetrate the cell membrane. It can react with the free amine group in the cytoskeleton protein inside the cell, and finally form a protein complex with fluorescence. After entering the cell, CFDA-SE locates in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, and the fluorescence staining is strongest in the nucleus .
CFDA-SE dye can be uniformly inherited by the cells with cell division and proliferation, and its attenuation is proportional to the number of cell divisions. This phenomenon can be detected and analyzed by flow cytometry under the excitation light of 488 nm, and can be used to detect the proliferation of cells .
Cyanine5 DBCO (DBCO-Cy5) is a low-toxicity azide reactive probe (NIR fluorescent dye), for imaging azide-labeled biomolecules via a copper-free "click-through" reaction. Cyanine5 DBCO has no apparent cytotoxicity or animal toxicity and shows no damage to the physiological functions of cells other than the target cells (azide-labeled cells). Cyanine5 DBCO can be used to label and track cells in vitro and in vivo (Ex=635 nm, Em=650-700 nm) .
Bovine Serum Albumin (Low Endotoxin,Fatty acid free) (BSA) is a 583-residue protein consisting of three homologous all-α domains, organized in a heart-shaped structure. BSA is a globular protein that is used in numerous biochemical applications.
LAP (Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate) is a free radical initiator. The free radicals produced by LAP under bioprinting conditions are potentially cytotoxic and mutagenic. In addition, the concentration of LAP affects the mechanical strength of 3D printed scaffolds. Generally, the concentration range of LAP used for curing is 0.05%-1%. The elastic modulus produced at a concentration of 0.1% is the highest, with enhanced mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility .
(R)-Butaprost (free acid). Butaprost is a structural analog of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with good selectivity for the EP2 receptor subtype. Butaprost is frequently used pharmacologically to define the expression profile of EP receptors in various human and animal tissues and cells. Gardiner caused serious confusion about the structure of butaprost in 1986 when he reported that the epimer of butaprost showing this selective activity was the C-16 (R)-epimer ( See reference 2 and notes). To increase the binding affinity of (R)-butaprost to prostaglandin receptors, we removed the methyl ester of (R)-butaprost and recreated the native C-1 carboxylic acid. Prostaglandin freeacids typically bind their cognate receptors with 10 to 100-fold higher affinity than the corresponding ester derivatives. The pharmacology of (R)-butaprost has not been carefully studied, but it is generally considered to be the less active C-16 epimer. (Note: In the 1986 Gardiner paper in the British Journal of Pharmacology, butaprost appears on page 46 under the designation TR 4979. The structure drawn is incorrect because the authors use and refer to the more active C - The 16 epimer, which is actually 16(S). The structure on page 46 shows the structure as 16(R). It was not until the late 1990s that careful studies in the United States and Japan correctly determined the actual structure of C-16 The type is 16(S) in a compound called butaprost.)
Ethyl Tricosanoate is a long-chain saturated fatty acid ethyl ester, which exists in small amounts in C. conicum and C. conicum. Free acid reduces the hemolytic activity of Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin on human erythrocytes. Both ethyl ester and free acid can be used as standards for the analysis of lipid mixtures.
Heparin pentasaccharide (Fondaparinux) is a chemically synthesized selective factor Xa inhibitor with anticoagulant activity. Heparin pentasaccharide can be utilized in researches related to venous thromboembolic events .
cis-13,16,19-Docosatrienoic acid methyl ester is an ester form of docosatrienoic acid, a rare omega-3 fatty acid not found in the normal phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acid pool Easily detectable, it inhibits the binding of [3H]-LTB4 to porcine neutrophils at a concentration of 5 μM. Methyl docosatrienoate is more fat-soluble than the free acid and may be more desirable than the free acid in some formulations.
Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS .
3-(2-Iodoacetamido)-proxyl serves as a free radical spin probe employed in spin labeling techniques, which facilitate the exploration of the dynamic interactions among molecules, proteins, lipids, and cell membranes.
L-Glutathione reduced (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutathione reduced. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
4,4'-(m-Tolylazanediyl)bis(butane-1-sulfonic acid) is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
3-Nitrobenzoic acid (m-Carboxynitrobenzene; m-Nitrobenzenecarboxylic acid; m-Nitrobenzoic acid) is a strong antioxidant and antimicrobial agent that can inhibit the generation of free radicals and kill bacteria and fungi. 3-Nitrobenzoic acid is a kind of biological materials or organic compounds that are widely used in life science research .
Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sodium 2-oxopropanoate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS .
Yeast extract is a concentrate of the soluble part of yeast, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The main nutritional components of yeast extract include partly hydrolyzed protein with 35-40% of free amino acid, and it also contain B vitamins and some trace elements. Yeast extract can be used as nutrients for bacterial culture media .
I2959 is widely used as a photoinitiator for photochemical cross-linking of hydrogels, and the combination of I2959 and CMA hydrogel has been used as a bio-ink for biological 3D printing applications. In addition, I2959 has a high free radical generation efficiency and is cytotoxic to rapidly dividing cell lines .
Iodocholine iodide is a non-toxic, metabolizable "green" catalyst that can catalyze the free radical polymerization of functional polymers. Iodocholine iodide is also the non-radioactive iodide of Carbon-11 choline. C-11 Choline can be used in PET imaging and non-informative bone scintigraphy, CT or MRI to monitor various types of cancer .
DOTA-ADIBO TFA is a DOTA-derived bifunctional chelator (BFC) that allows drug conjugation via an uncatalyzed, copper-free cycloaddition reaction. DOTA-ADIBO TFA enables the construction of fusion chelator systems that can be further used to synthesize radiotracers after Cu[64] modification. Positron emission tomography imaging of tumors expressing integrin αvβ6 .
Apo-Bovine Transferrin refers to iron free Transferrin (HY-P3267), serves as Transferrin receptor ligand and mediates iron release from endothelial cells. Apo-Transferrin indicates an iron deficient environment, can directly bind to hephaestin, which can convert Fe 2+ to Fe 3+. Apo-Transferrin mediates iron efflux most likely in cooperation with ferroportin 1 .
DSPE-PEG-DBCO, MW 2000 is a cyclooctyne containing phospholipid PEG polymer. The polymer can self-assemble spontaneously in water to form micelles/lipid bilayer. It can be used to prepare nanoparticles or liposomes as drug carrier in targeted drug delivery system. The DBCO can react with azide molecule via copper free click chemistry to form a stable triazole bond. Reagent grade, for research use only.
DSPE-PEG-DBCO, MW 2000 is a cyclooctyne containing phospholipid PEG polymer. The polymer can self-assemble spontaneously in water to form micelles/lipid bilayer. It can be used to prepare nanoparticles or liposomes as drug carrier in targeted drug delivery system. The DBCO can react with azide molecule via copper free click chemistry to form a stable triazole bond. Reagent grade, for research use only.
m-PEG-OH (MW 20000) can be used as a macroinitiator to participate in the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers. Nanoscale micelles can be prepared by using amphiphilic block copolymers to deliver active drugs. Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), a hydrophobic anticancer agent encapsulated in micelles, has stronger activity in killing cancer cells than free Paclitaxel. And it preferentially accumulates in tumor tissue with only limited distribution in healthy organs.
m-PEG-OH (MW 10000) can be used as a macroinitiator to participate in the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers. Amphiphilic block copolymers can be used to prepare nanoscale micelles to deliver active drugs. Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), a hydrophobic anticancer agent encapsulated in micelles, has stronger activity in killing cancer cells than free Paclitaxel. And it preferentially accumulates in tumor tissue with only limited distribution in healthy organs.
m-PEG-OH (MW 1000) can be used as a macroinitiator to participate in the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers. Amphiphilic block copolymers can be used to prepare nanoscale micelles to deliver active drugs. Paclitaxel (HY-B0015), a hydrophobic anticancer agent encapsulated in micelles, has stronger cancer-killing activity than free Paclitaxel. And it accumulates preferentially in tumor tissues and has only limited distribution in healthy organs.
TOOS (TOOS sodium salt) is a highly water-soluble aniline derivative widely used in diagnostics and biological experiments. TOOS can be combined with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH) to form a chromogenic system to measure oxidase activity. In the MBTH-TOOS chromogenic system, MBTH is catalytically oxidized to produce (-NH) free radicals, which react with TOOS to form colorless compounds. Furthermore, the colorless compound undergoes a disproportionation reaction to produce a blue-violet quinoid compound .
5β,6β-epoxycholestanol is an oxidative metabolite of cholesterol formed by free-radical and non-radical oxidation of cholesterol at the 5,6 double bond. Induces lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis in macrophage-differentiated U937 cells. Cholesterol 5beta,6beta-epoxide has been found in human fatty streaks and advanced atherosclerotic lesions, but not in normal aortic tissue .
Arachidonoyl Thio-PC is a substrate of many phospholipase A2 (PLA2), including sPLA2, cPLA2 and iPLA2. Cleavage of sn-2 fatty acids by PLA2 results in the production of free thiols, which react with chromogenic reagents such as DTNB (Ellman's reagent) and DTP, allowing quantification of PLA2 activity. Isozyme-specific cPLA2 activity can be measured by depleting or inhibiting sPLA2 and iPLA2 activity in the assay.
6,9,12,15-octadecatetraenoic acid (Glycerol α-monoelaidate) is a rare omega-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acid. In normal people, it accounts for less than 0.25% of serum phospholipid fatty acids. It is found in certain natural oils, such as echium and blackcurrant, and to the extent that these oils are incorporated into nutraceuticals, stearidonic acid can be an important polyunsaturated species in the human diet. Ethyl stearidonic acid, an ester of the free acid, is less water soluble but more suitable for formulating stearidonic acid-containing diets and dietary supplements.
Dilauryl thiodipropionate (DLTDP), which is a sulfur-containing antioxidant commonly used to stabilize polymers and plastics against degradation caused by heat, oxygen, and UV light, acts to scavenge free radicals and others that may cause polymer chain scission and cross-linked active substances, in addition, DLTDP has been used as an additive to lubricants, oils and other industrial fluids to improve their oxidation stability, the long hydrocarbon chain in DLTDP makes it low volatility and compatible with many materials and Good compatibility with substrates.
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (Pd(PPhs)) series of cross-coupling catalysts can be used to construct an organic heterojunction solar cell model. Adding different amounts of Pd(PPhs) significantly affected free carrier generation, non-twin trap and surface trap-assisted recombination as well as bimolecular recombination and charge extraction, but the impact on the non-duplex recombination process was limited because the catalyst could not promote efficient Trap-assisted reorganization. The studied system is highly robust with the addition of a small amount of Pd(PPha) .
Dilauryl thiodipropionate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dilauryl thiodipropionate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dilauryl thiodipropionate (DLTDP), which is a sulfur-containing antioxidant commonly used to stabilize polymers and plastics against degradation caused by heat, oxygen, and UV light, acts to scavenge free radicals and others that may cause polymer chain scission and cross-linked active substances, in addition, DLTDP has been used as an additive to lubricants, oils and other industrial fluids to improve their oxidation stability, the long hydrocarbon chain in DLTDP makes it low volatility and compatible with many materials and Good compatibility with substrates.
omega-3 Arachidonic acid ethyl ester, in ethanol, 98% is a rare polyunsaturated fatty acid found in very small amounts in dietary sources. Omega-3 fatty acids are known to be essential for the growth and development of infants, and they protect against heart disease, blood clots, high blood pressure, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In human platelet membranes, omega-3 arachidonic acid inhibits arachidonyl-CoA synthetase with a Ki of 14 μM. It also inhibits arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase in calf brain extract with an IC50 of approximately 5 μM. Omega-3 ethyl arachidonate is the more lipophilic form of the free acid.
Isopropyl palmitate is an fatty acid ester. Isopropyl palmitate can be used for design and characterization of bioactive bilayer films. The bilayer membrane not only has the ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation, but also can inhibit the growth of known foodborne pathogens. Isopropyl palmitate can be used as an excipient, such as lubricant, oily carrier, solvent, controlled-release transdermal film. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs .
Pinolenic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in the seed oils of red pine (Pinus orientalis) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster). Both oils were found to have lipid-lowering properties. A diet containing marine pine nut oil (MPSO) reduces HDL and ApoA1 levels in transgenic mice expressing human ApoA1. MPSO was found to reduce cholesterol efflux in vitro. Korean pine nut oil supplements may help obesity by reducing appetite. People who take this oil experience an increase in the satiety hormones CCK and GLP-1 and a decrease in appetite. The activity of the oil is attributed to pinolenic acid. Pinolenic acid is not metabolized to arachidonic acid and can reduce the level of arachidonic acid in the phosphatidylinositol fraction of HepG2 cells from 15.9% to 7.0%. Pinolenic acid ethyl ester is a neutral, more lipophilic form of the free acid.
Isopropyl palmitate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isopropyl palmitate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isopropyl palmitate is an fatty acid ester. Isopropyl palmitate can be used for design and characterization of bioactive bilayer films. The bilayer membrane not only has the ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation, but also can inhibit the growth of known foodborne pathogens. Isopropyl palmitate can be used as an excipient, such as lubricant, oily carrier, solvent, controlled-release transdermal film. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs .
Cholecystokinin-33 free acid is an analogue of Cholecystokinin (HY-P2932). C-terminal amidation is important for binding of Cholecystokinin to its receptors, and removing the amide group would decrease Cholecystokinin activity. Cholecystokinin-33 free acid can be used to study C-terminal amidation of Cholecystokinin-33 .
PACAP (1-38) free acid is an endogenous neuropeptide. PACAP (1-38) free acid potently stimulates antral motility and somatostatin secretion, inhibits the secretion of gastrin and stimulates the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin releasing peptide and substance P. PACAP (1-38) free acid also enhances N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor through RACK1 .
LHRH (free acid), the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, is a neuropeptide hypothalamic. LHRH regulates reproduction. LHRH can be used for the research of cancer .
Crustacean cardioactive peptide，free acid is a highly conserved, amidated cyclic nonapeptide, first isolated from the pericardial organs of the shore crab Carcinus maenas, where it has a role in regulating heartbeat; Crustacean cardioactive peptide，free acid also modulates the neuronal activity in other arthropods.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) free acid is a neuropeptide. Calcitonin gene-related peptide can be used for the research of nociception, ingestive behaviour and modulation of the endocrine systems .
α-MSH free acid (α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone free acid) is an MC3R and MC4R agonist with EC50s of 0.16 nM and 5.6 nM, respectively. α-MSH free acid activates cAMP generation at MC3R and MC4R .
Melittin free acid is a basic 26-amino-acid polypeptide, the major active ingredient of honeybee venom. Melittin free acid is an activator of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Melittin free acid has broad-spectrum antifungal activity with MIC values of 0.4-60 μM. Melittin free acid hinders fungal growth by inducing cell apoptosis, repressing (1,3)-β-D-glucan synthase and participating in other pathways .
Urocortin III (mouse) (free acid) is a selective CRF2 receptor agonist (with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor). Urocortin III (mouse) (free acid) significantly inhibits gastric emptying without modifying colonic transit .
PACAP (1-38) free acid TFA is an endogenous neuropeptide. PACAP (1-38) free acid TFA potently stimulates antral motility and somatostatin secretion, inhibits the secretion of gastrin and stimulates the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin releasing peptide and substance P. PACAP (1-38) free acid TFA also enhances N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor through RACK1 .
LHRH (1-5) (free acid) is a polypeptide generated by the cleavage of LHRH at the Tyr 55-Gly 66 site. LHRH (1-5) (free acid) is converted into LHRH (1-3) and LHRH (4-5) fragments under the catalysis of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (HY-P2983) .
Cecropin B (free acid) is a polypeptide that can be found by peptide screening. Peptide screening is a research tool that pools active peptides primarily by immunoassay. Peptide screening can be used for protein interaction, functional analysis, epitope screening, especially in the field of agent research and development .
Fexapotide (NX-1207 free acid) induces apoptosis selectively, reducing prostate volume at a cellular level. Fexapotide can be used in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) research .
Oxytocin free acid (9-Deamidooxytocin) is an analog of oxytocin in which the glycinamide residue at position 9 in oxytocin has been replaced by a glycine residue. Oxytocin is a pleiotropic, peptide hormone with broad implications for general health, adaptation, development, reproduction, and social behavior .
Ebiratide (HOE-427 free base) is an ACTH 4-9 derivative, which acts directly on the central nervous system and exhibits memory-enhancing efficacy. Ebiratide enhances acetycholine (ACh) metabolism in rat brain .
PA22-2 (free acid) (Cys-Laminin A chain 2091-2108) is a peptide that supports neurite outgrowth and stimulates neuronal-like process formation. PA22-2 (free acid) can be used to culture human adenoid cystic carcinoma cells, and in the preparation of peptide-functionalized supported phospholipid bilayers .
Neuropeptide Y (human) free acid upregulates the adhesiveness of human endothelial cells for leukocytes. Neuropeptide Y belongs to the pancreatic polypeptide family, plays an important role in circadian rhythms, neurogenesis, and neuroprotection, nociception, feeding behavior, energy regulation, neuronal excitability, emotion, cognition, and stress response .
Pexiganan (MSI 78 free base) is a synthetic analog of magainin 2. Pexiganan is a potent and orally active broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide. Pexiganan can be used in the research of infections, such as diabetic foot ulcer infections .
Oxytocin free acid (9-Deamidooxytocin) TFA is an analog of oxytocin in which the glycinamide residue at position 9 in oxytocin has been replaced by a glycine residue. Oxytocin is a pleiotropic, peptide hormone with broad implications for general health, adaptation, development, reproduction, and social behavior .
Orexin A (1-15) (free acid) is a polypeptide that can be found by peptide screening. Peptide screening is a research tool that pools active peptides primarily by immunoassay. Peptide screening can be used for protein interaction, functional analysis, epitope screening, especially in the field of agent research and development .
(D-His(Bzl)6)-LHRH (1-7) free acid is a synthetic peptide compound that is a derivative of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). (D-His(Bzl)6)-LHRH (1-7) free acid enhances its stability and biological activity by introducing unnatural amino acid residues at specific positions of the LHRH molecule. This modification can improve the drug's performance in the body half-life, reducing the rate at which it is rapidly metabolized and cleared, thereby enhancing its efficacy in inhibiting cell proliferation .
Cyclosporin A-Derivative 1 (Free base) is a crystalline intermediate derived from the opening of cyclosporin A extracted from patent WO 2013167703 A1. Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressive agent which can bind to the cyclophilin and inhibit calcineurin.
Neuropeptide Y-Lys(biotinyl) (free acid) (human, rat) is a polypeptide that can be found by peptide screening. Peptide screening is a research tool that pools active peptides primarily by immunoassay. Peptide screening can be used for protein interaction, functional analysis, epitope screening, especially in the field of agent research and development .
Astodrimer (SPL7013 free base) is a large (3-4 nm, ~ 16.5 kDa), negatively charged, highly-branched dendrimer, is a potent virucidal agent. Astodrimer shows antiviral and virucidal activity against a broad spectrum of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2, HPV. Astodrimer also has antibacterial properties .
Ezatiostat (TER199 free base; TLK199) is a tripeptide analog of glutathione and is a selective and orally active glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1) inhibitor. Ezatiostat leads to JNK activation by inhibiting GSTP1. Ezatiostat stimulates both lymphocyte production and bone marrow progenitor proliferation. Ezatiostat has the potential for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) treatment .
Cemadotin (LU103793) is a water-soluble synthetic analogue of Dolastatin 15 (HY-P1126) that inhibits cell proliferation in vitro and the growth of tumor xenografts in mice. Cemadotin blocks cells at mitosis, and exhibits Ki value of 1 μM for inhibiting tubulin. Cemadotin can be used to research anticancer .
Z-Gly-Pro-Arg-4MβNA is the cleavage of the substrate of thrombin to release free 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine (4MβNA). Free 4MβNA can be captured by 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde to produce an insoluble yellow fluorescent and marks the site of thrombin activity .
Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro), isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas alcaligenes cell-free culture supernatants is an antifungal cyclic dipeptide . Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) inhibits IFN-β production by interfering with retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) activation . Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) exhibits free-radical scavenging activity with the IC50 of 24 µM in the DPPH assay .
Degarelix acetate (FE 200486) is a decapeptide that shows high affinity/selectivity to human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor (IC50 = 3 nM). Degarelix acetate Degarelix acetate (FE 200486) is used for the research of prostate cancer .
Ferrichrome is a hydroxamate siderophore produced by various fungi, including U. sphaerogena, that facilitates iron chelation and uptake by these organisms. It can be used as a heterosiderophore by bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Ferrichrome (0.8 μM) inhibits concanavalin A-induced proliferation of mouse spleen monocytes and reduces the number of concanavalin A-stimulated CD4+ T cells expressing IL-2 receptor. It also inhibits the heme-catalyzed oxidation of LDL by hydrogen peroxide in a concentration-dependent manner.
L-Glutathione reduced (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutathione reduced. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
Z-LRGG-AMC (Z-Leu-Arg-Gly-Gly-AMC) is a fluorescent substrate that hydrolyzes and releases free fluorescent 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC). Detection wavelength of AMC: Ex/Em=360/460 nm .
Propionyl-L-carnitine is a carnitine derivative and has a high affinity for muscular carnitine transferase. Propionyl-L-carnitine increases cellular carnitine content, thereby allowing free fatty acid transport into the mitochondria. Propionyl-L-carnitine alleviates the symptoms of PAD through a metabolic pathway, thereby improving exercise performance .
Anaritide is a synthetic form of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) composed of 25 amino acids. Anaritide increases glomerular filtration rate by dilating into and contracting out the bulbar arterioles. Anaritide can be used to study the effects on patients with acute tubular necrosis, particularly in improving dialysis free survival .
H-Met-Val-OH is a dipeptide containing free N-terminal methionine. H-Met-Val-OH exhibits activity against cDNA expressing Flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) 1 and FMO3. H-Met-Val-OH has potential applications in the growth of neuritis .
HS014 TFA is a potent and selective melanocortin-4 (MC4) receptor antagonist, with Kis of 3.16, 108, 54.4 and 694 nM for human MC4, MC1, MC3 and MC5 receptors respectively. HS014 TFA increases food intake in free-feeding rats .
H-Ser-Tyr-OH is a dipeptide consisting of glutamic acid, glycine and histidine. H-Ser-Tyr-OH can form a copper(II) complex with copper ions to form a strong free radical scavenging activity. H-Ser-Tyr-OH also increases the intracellular uptake of the delta opioid receptor ligand deltorphin .
Nanodisc scaffold peptide (NSPr) is an amphipathic double-helical peptide that stabilizes membrane proteins by mimicking their natural environment, allowing them to remain stable and active in detergent-free aqueous solutions. Nanodisc scaffold peptide can be used to construct a universal tool for high-throughput stabilization of membrane proteins, facilitating modern biological research .
L-Carnosine is a dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and histidine. L-Carnosine is an endogenous metabolite found in human brain, muscle and gastrointestinal tissues and is present in all vertebrates. L-Carnosine is a non-enzymatic free radical scavenger and natural antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties that can inhibit biochemical changes associated with aging .
Copper tripeptide (GHK-Cu) is a tripeptide. During wound healing, copper tripeptide may be freed from existing extracellular proteins via proteolysis and serves as a chemoattractant for inflammatory and endothelial cells. Copper tripeptide has been shown to increase messenger RNA production for collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans in fibroblasts. Copper tripeptide is a natural modulator of multiple cllular pathways in skin regeneration .
HS014 is a potent and selective melanocortin-4 (MC4) receptor antagonist, with Kis of 3.16, 108, 54.4 and 694 nM for human MC4, MC1, MC3 and MC5 receptors, respectively. HS014 modulates the behavioral effects of morphine in mice. HS014 increases food intake in free-feeding rats .
Suc-AAPF-pNA (Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA) is a chromogenic p-nitroanilide (pNA) substrate with the Km of 1.7 mM. Cleavage of Suc-AAPF-pNA releases 4-nitroaniline, which is yellow in colour and can be measured spectrophotometrically. Suc-AAPF-pNA can be used for the measurement of free and membrane-bound cathepsin G in human neutrophils .
N-Acetyl-DL-serine is a hydrophobic amino acid that is synthesized in the body and can be found as a free form or as a salt with malonate, phosphate, or acetate. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. N-Acetyl-DL-serine has also been used for the immobilization of DNA fragments on solid surfaces and can be used for protein synthesis and optical detection of DNA strands .
β-Amyloid 22-35 (Amyloid β-Protein 22-35), the residues 22-35 fragment ofβ-amyloid protein, has a cytotoxic effect on cultured neurons from the rat hippocampus in serum-free medium. β-Amyloid 22-35 forms aggregates and typical amyloid fibrils resembling those of the β-amyloid protein in neutral buffer solution) .
β-Amyloid 22-35 (Amyloid β-Protein 22-35) TFA, the residues 22-35 fragment ofβ-amyloid protein, has a cytotoxic effect on cultured neurons from the rat hippocampus in serum-free medium. β-Amyloid 22-35 TFA forms aggregates and typical amyloid fibrils resembling those of the β-amyloid protein in neutral buffer solution) .
sPLA2-IIA Inhibitor is a cyclic pentapeptide analog of FLSYK (cyclic 2-Nal-Leu-Ser-2-Nal-Arg (c2)), that binds to hGIIA (human IIA phospholipase A2) and inhibits its hydrolytic ability. sPLA2 is a member of the esterase superfamily that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the ester bond at the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids, releasing free fatty acids such as arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids .
Foxy-5, a WNT5A agonist, is a mimicking peptide of WNT5A which is a non-canonical member of the Wnt family. Foxy-5 triggers cytosolic free calcium signaling without affecting β-catenin activation and it impairs the migration and invasion of epithelial cancer cells. Foxy-5 effectively reduces the metastatic spread of WNT5A-low prostate cancer cells in an orthotopic mouse model .
Pantinin-2 is a cysteine-free toxic peptide found in the emperor scorpion (paninus imperator). Pantinin-2 has high activity against Gram-positive bacteria but weak activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Pantinin-2 also exhibits activity against Candida tropicalis and has relatively mild hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. Pantinin-2 can be used in the development of antimicrobial drugs for drug-resistant pathogens .
Foxy-5 TFA, a WNT5A agonist, is a mimicking peptide of WNT5A which is a non-canonical member of the Wnt family. Foxy-5 TFA triggers cytosolic free calcium signaling without affecting β-catenin activation and it impairs the migration and invasion of epithelial cancer cells. Foxy-5 TFA effectively reduces the metastatic spread of WNT5A-low prostate cancer cells in an orthotopic mouse model .
Q11 peptide is a β-sheet-forming peptide that plays an important role in self-assembly and targeted applications. As a scaffold peptide, Q11 peptide can display immunogenic epitopes and is widely used in peptide-based immune vaccine research. Additionally, Q11 peptide can be conjugated with MUC1 glycopeptides for the study of self-assembling, adjuvant-free MUC1 glycopeptide vaccines. Q11 peptide holds great potential for research in the field of cancer immunology .
L-Carnosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Carnosine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Carnosine is a dipeptide of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine and has the potential to suppress many of the biochemical changes that accompany aging.
In Vitro: L-Carnosine is a dipeptide of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine and has the potential to suppress many of the biochemical changes that accompany aging . L-Carnosine also exhibits some antioxidant effects. The antioxidant mechanism of L-Carnosine is attributed to its chelating effect against metal ions, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and ROS and free radicals scavenging ability .
MCE Serum/Protein-Free Cell Freezing Medium is a complete ready-to-use cryopreservation medium. It is suitable for the cryopreservation of conventional mammalian cells and serum-free cultured cells.
MCE N-2 Serum-free Supplement (100×) can be used in conjunction with growth factors such as bFGF and EGF in serum-free neuronal cell culture mediums, DMEM and the DMEM/F12.
MCE Serum Replacement is a fibrinogen-depleted and heparin-free Human Platelet Lysate. As a xeno-free and easy-to-use cell culture supplement, it can replace FBS (fetal bovine serum) to support the efficient and safe in vitro culture and expansion of various primary cells and cell lines.
MCE 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA (1×), Phenol Red-Free, is prepared by dissolving trypsin powder (a mixture of proteases from porcine pancreas, irradiated and sterilized) and EDTA in a calcium- and magnesium-free balanced salt solution. It is filter-sterilized and can be directly used for the dissociation of cultured cells and tissues.
MCE Bi-27 Serum-free Supplement (50×), Vitamin A-Free can be used to support the low- or high-density growth and short- or long-term viability of embryonic.
MCE Protease Inhibitor Cocktail, Bacteria (EDTA-Free, 100× in DMSO) protects proteins from degradation by endogenous proteases released during protein extraction and purification.
MCE Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (EDTA-Free, 10× in ddH2O) protects protein from degradation by endogenous proteases released during protein extraction and purification.
Bsa I, ADCF is animal derived component free, and has good redundancy of enzyme activity, which can easily cope with excessive substrate or difficult template enzyme cutting.
Xba I, ADCF is animal derived component free, and has good redundancy of enzyme activity, which can easily cope with excessive substrate or difficult template enzyme cutting.
MCE Organoid Cryopreservation Medium (Serum Free) is a ready-to-use cryopreservation medium, widely applicable to organoids and cell lines derived from various mammals (such as human, mouse, pig, cow, etc.).
EcoR I, ADCF is animal derived component free, and has good redundancy of enzyme activity, which can easily cope with excessive substrate or difficult template enzyme cutting. Isoschizomers: Fun II.
The most cited neuronal cell culture supplement, B-27 Supplement is an optimized serum-free supplement used to support the low- or high-density growth and short- or long-term viability of embryonic.
MCE Lipid Concentrate (Chemically Defined) is a concentrated lipid solution with a clearly defined chemical composition, which can be added to cell culture media as an additive for serum-free or low-serum cell culture systems.
Bi-27 Additive (50×), Vitamin A-Free is a customized variant of the standard Bi-27 formulation with vitamin A removed as a supplement for neuronal cell culture to support the low- or high-density growth and short- or long-term viability of embryonic.
BsmB I, ADCF is animal derived component free, and has good redundancy of enzyme activity, which can easily cope with excessive substrate or difficult template enzyme cutting. Isoschizomers: Esp3 I, BstGZ53 I, Esp16 I, Esp23 I.
MCE 384-well storage plate can be used for the storage of compound, and the V-shaped bottom design can improve the sample recovery rate and reduce the dead volume. This plate is made of polypropylene material with high heat resistance and free of detectable DNase, RNase, human DNA. ANSI/SBS compliant and suitable for automated pipette workstations and high-throughput screening platforms.
Lanadelumab (SHP643) is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against plasma kallikrein (pKal) with an Ki value of 0.12 nM. Lanadelumab inhibits both free and HMWK (high molecular weight kininogen)-bound pKal. Lanadelumab has the potential for the research of hereditary angioedema .
Emapalumab (NI-0501) is a human monoclonal IgG1 antibody that noncompetitively inhibits IFN-γ. Emapalumab binds with high affinity (Kd= 1.4 pM) to both free IFN-γ as well as IFN-γ bound to its receptor. Emapalumab can be used in research of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) .
Milatuzumab (hLL1; MEDI-115) is a humanized anti-CD74 monoclonal antibody. CD74, a integral membrane protein, is associated with the promotion of B-cell growth and survival. Milatuzumab causes free radical oxygen generation, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Milatuzumaba also decreases CD20/CD74 aggregates and cell adhesion, to lead to cell death .
Tamtuvetmab (AT-005) is a caninised blontuvetmab against CD52. Tamtuvetmab increases progression-free survival (PFS), exhibits in vivo efficacy in dogs with naïve T-cell lymphoma (LSA). Tamtuvetmab has been approved by veterinary .
Crustacean cardioactive peptide，free acid is a highly conserved, amidated cyclic nonapeptide, first isolated from the pericardial organs of the shore crab Carcinus maenas, where it has a role in regulating heartbeat; Crustacean cardioactive peptide，free acid also modulates the neuronal activity in other arthropods.
Dianemycin (Nanchangmycin free acid), a polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nanchangensis NS3226, inhibits gram-positive bacteria . Nanchangmycin is a broad spectrum antiviral active against Zika virus .
Tamsulosin ((R)-(-)-YM12617 free base) is an inhibitor of α1-adrenergic receptor. Tamsulosin is used for the research of prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm growth in animal models .
Pexiganan (MSI 78 free base) is a synthetic analog of magainin 2. Pexiganan is a potent and orally active broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide. Pexiganan can be used in the research of infections, such as diabetic foot ulcer infections .
2'-Acetylacteoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Brandisia hancei, inhibits free radical-induced hemolysis of red blood cells and exhibits free radical scavenging activity .
YM-53601 free base, a squalene synthase inhibitor, reduces plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in vivo . YM-53601 free base inhibits squalene synthase derived from human hepatoma cells with an IC50 of 79 nM. Lipid-lowering agent . YM-53601 free base is also an inhibitor of farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1) enzyme activity and abrogates HCV propagation .
CS-722 Free base is a synthesized centrally acting muscle relaxant, and has a muscle relaxant activity and depressant effectson the spinal reflex . CS-722 Free base inhibits spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents and excitatory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal cultures probably by an inhibition of both sodium and calcium currents .
Pyridoxatin is a free radical scavenger of microbial origin. Pyridoxatin is isolated from a fungus culture identified as Acremonium sp. BX86. Pyridoxatin inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by free radicals in rat liver microsomes free from vitamin E .
Spermine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Spermine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Spermine (NSC 268508) functions directly as a free radical scabenger to protect DNA from free radical attack. Spermine has antiviral effects.
2'-Acetylacteoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2'-Acetylacteoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2'-Acetylacteoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Brandisia hancei, inhibits free radical-induced hemolysis of red blood cells and exhibits free radical scavenging activity .
Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dopamine plays several important roles in the brain and body . Dopamine acts through D2 dopamine receptors to induce endocytosis of VEGFR2, which is critical for promoting angiogenesis .
Ophiocordylongiiside A is a compound found in Polyphilus sieberi. Ophiocordylongiiside A shows activity against the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans .
Octadecanedioic acid, an endogenous metabolite, is a long-chain dicarboxylic acid that has been found in serum free fatty acid profile in Reye syndrome .
Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro), isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas alcaligenes cell-free culture supernatants is an antifungal cyclic dipeptide . Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) inhibits IFN-β production by interfering with retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) activation . Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) exhibits free-radical scavenging activity with the IC50 of 24 µM in the DPPH assay .
Oxyresveratrol (trans-Oxyresveratrol) is a potent naturally occurring antioxidant and free radical scavenger (IC50 of 28.9 μM against DPPH free radicals). Oxyresveratrol is potent and noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.2 μM for mushroom tyrosinase. Oxyresveratrol is effective against HSV-1, HSV-2 and varicella-zoster virus, and has neuroprotective effects .
Dactylocycline A is a tetracycline derivative with activity against some tetracycline-resistant microorganisms. Dactylocycline A is produced by fermentation of Dactylosporangium sp. and was found to be the most abundant glycoside in the initial fermentation. Dactylocycline A is acid-sensitive and readily hydrolyzes to the common sugar-free core substance dactylocyclinone. Although the sugar-free core has cross-resistance with tetracycline, Dactylocycline A exhibits activity against some tetracycline-resistant microorganisms .
Phytic acid (Inositol hexaphosphate) is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid is known as a food inhibitor, which has a strong ability to chelate multivalent metal ions, specially zinc, calcium, iron and as with protein residue. Phytic acid inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase (XO), and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory effects .
Pyrogallol is a polyphenol compound, which has anti-fungal and anti-psoriatic properties. Pyrogallol is a reductant that is able to generate free radicals, in particular superoxide anions.
Bacopaside I, a saponin isolated from Bacopa monnieri, exbibits antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capacity and exerts antidepressant-like effect .
Erigeroside is as a derivatives of -glucose extracted from Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. Erigeroside has good ability of anti-oxidation and scavenging oxidation free radical .
Senecionine acetate (O-Acetylsenecionine) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Senecionine acetate inhibits the sequestration of Ca 2+ in extramitochondrial and mitochondrial compartments possibly by inactivating free sulfhydryl groups .
Urolignoside is an antioxidant with free radical scavenging activity. Urolignoside potently scavenges DPPH radical, and exhibits antioxidant to β-carotene-lineoleate model .
Piperitenone is a terpenoid, and exhibits antioxidant activity. Piperitenone scavenges DPPH free radicals with an IC50 of 22.7 μg/mL, and inhibits the peroxidation of linoleic acid .
Phenazoviridin is a free radical scavenger. Phenazoviridin shows strong inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate and exhibits antihypoxic activity in mice .
Folitixorin (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate) is a cofactor and an analog of leucovorin. Folitixorin is a promising agent for modulation of 5-FU cytotoxicity in adjuvant cancer research .
Polyporusterone A is a triterpene carboxylic acid isolated from Polyporus umbellatus Fries. Polyporusterone A has inhibitory effect on free radical-induced lysis of red blood cells (hemolysis) .
Hypoxanthine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hypoxanthine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hypoxanthine, a purine derivative, is a potential free radical generator and could be used as an indicator of hypoxia.
Oxyresveratrol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oxyresveratrol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oxyresveratrol (trans-Oxyresveratrol) is a potent naturally occurring antioxidant and free radical scavenger (IC50 of 28.9 μM against DPPH free radicals). Oxyresveratrol is potent and noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.2 μM for mushroom tyrosinase. Oxyresveratrol is effective against HSV-1, HSV-2 and varicella-zoster virus, and has neuroprotective effects .
D-Isofloridoside, one of the polysaccharide precursors, has the activity of scavenging free radicals, inhibiting ROS expression, and inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9 .
Tripeptidyl aminopeptidase (Cerliponase alfa) removes tripeptides from the free NH, terminus of longer peptides. Tripeptidyl aminopeptidase has the potential for the research of CLN2 disease .
Cleomiscosin C (Aquillochin) can be isolated from Aquilaria agallocha. Cleomiscosin C has antioxidant activity. Cleomiscosin C inhibits LDL oxidation and free radicals generation .
Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively .
Grifolic acid is a phenolic compound that is first extracted from the mushroom Albatrellus confluens. Grifolic acid acts as an agonist of the free fatty acid receptor (FFAR4/GPR120) .
Polyporusterone B is a triterpene carboxylic acid isolated from Polyporus umbellatus Fries. Polyporusterone B has inhibitory effect on free radical-induced lysis of red blood cells (hemolysis) .
Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS .
Pongamol (Lanceolatin C) is potent α-glucosidase inhibitor (IC50=103.5 μM) and has free-radical (DPPH) scavenging,antihyperglycemic, and antihyperglycemic activities .
Cephaeline ((-)-Cephaeline), a desmethyl analog of Emetine, is a phenolic alkaloid in Indian Ipecac roots isolated from the Cephaelis ipecacuanha. Cephaeline exhibits potent inhibition of both Zika virus (ZIKV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) infections. Cephaeline is an inductor of histone H3 acetylation and an inhibitor of mucoepidermoid carcinoma cancer stem cells (MEC), which promotes ferroptosis by inhibiting NRF2 to exert anti-lung cancer efficacy .
Pyracrenic acid is an elastase inhibitor (IC50 = 2.42 µM), can be obtained from the bark of Pyracantha crenulata. Pyracrenic acid has DPPH free radical scavenging activity and anti-inflammatory activity .
8-hydroxybergapten is O-methylated by cell-free extracts of Ruta cells to isopimpinellin, in reactions mediated by discrete O-methyltransferases. 8-hydroxybergapten has excellent anti-wrinkle effect .
dl-Aloesol is a natural product that can be isolated from fungus Aspergillus sp. Aspergillus sp metabolites has cytotoxic, antibacterial, free radical scavenging, anti-parasitic, antiviral and antiproliferative activities, etc .
2"-O-Galloylquercitrin (Compound 6) is
isolated from the natural Acer ginnala. 2"-O-Galloylquercitrin
has health benefits. 2"-O-Galloylquercitrin has the activity of free
radical scavenger .
Sesamol is a constituent of sesame oil. Sesamol shows a free radical scavenging activity. Sesamol shows an IC50=5.95±0.56 μg/mL in the DPPH assay. Anti-oxidant activities . Anticancer activities .
Rehmannic acid (lantadene A) is a compound isolated from Lantana camara. Rehmannic acid shows considerable in vitro antioxidant, free radical scavenging capacity activities in a dose dependant manner. Rehmannic acid is a promising candidate for use as an antioxidant and hepatoprotective agent .
Thapsigargicin (Thapsigargicine) is a activator of mast cells and leukocytes. Thapsigargicin induces histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells and human basophil leukocytes. Thapsigargicin increases the cytoplasmic free calcium level in intact human blood platelets .
Linocinnamarin is a nature product that could be isolated from Fragaria ananassa Duch. Linocinnamarin has anti-inflammatory activity. Linocinnamarin inhibits antigen-stimulated elevation of intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) .
Pyrogallol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pyrogallol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pyrogallol is a polyphenol compound, which has anti-fungal and anti-psoriatic properties. Pyrogallol is a reductant that is able to generate free radicals, in particular superoxide anions.
Ferroheme is a complex of ferrous ions and porphyrins, which exists in tissues in free form and as a prosthetic group of many heme proteins. In addition, ferroheme is also an isosteric inhibitor of fatty acid binding to rat liver fatty acid binding protein .
(-)-Dihydroguaiaretic acid is a Lipoxygenase inhibitor that has antioxidant activity. (-)-Dihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and removes free radicals. (-)-Dihydroguaiaretic acid also has anticancer activity with an IC50 value of 7.49 μM (A549 cells) .
Momordin II, an oleanane-type triterpene glycoside, is a ribosome inactivating protein. Momordin II inhibits cell-free protein synthesis, releases adenine from rat liver ribosomes and from DNA, and has no RNase activity .
Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes .
Bacopaside I (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bacopaside I. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bacopaside I, a saponin isolated from Bacopa monnieri, exbibits antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging capacity and exerts antidepressant-like effect .
L-Glutathione reduced (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutathione reduced. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH; γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
Azelaic acid is a nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis through inhibition of microbial cellular prorein synthesis. Azelaic acid has hypopigmentation action resulting from its ability to scavenge free radicals .
Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) . Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities .
Ombuoside is a glycoside ombuoside isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum.Ombuoside has antimicrobial activity against several strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans . Ombuoside has antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals and ROS .
Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) . Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities .
Cochliodinol (compound 1) is a metabolite derived from the Apis mellifera ligustica. Cochliodinol has strong free radical scavenging activity of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrohydrazine (DPPH) (IC50=3.06 μg/mL) .
Lauric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lauric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.
Taxifolin ((+)-Dihydroquercetin) exhibits important anti-tyrosinase activity. Taxifolin exhibits significant inhibitory activity against collagenase with an IC50 value of 193.3 μM . Taxifolin is an important natural compound with antifibrotic activity. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity .
Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity .
Sieboldin is a dihydrochalcone, which inhibits the production of advanced glycation end products (AGE) produced by bovine serum albumins (BSA), has free radical scavenging activity and cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines, and is also used to capture of methylglyoxal (MGO) from Malus baccata .
Swertianine is a hydroxyexanthone that can be isolated from Swertia decussata. Swertianine has antioxidant activity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, scavenging DPPH and superoxide free radicals. Swertianine also inhibits γ-ray induced DNA damage of pBR322 with protective effect .
Aloenin (Aloenin A) is a kind of natural product, has effective clearing and free radical activity, and has moderate inhibitory activity on β-secretion (BACE) (IC50=14.95 μg/mL). Aloenin suppresses peritoneal hypertrophy in large rats and suppresses its release.
Alkaline phosphatase, Bovine intestine (Apase) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters at alkaline pH. Alkaline phosphatase can be used in molecular biology and enzyme-free analysis. Inhibition of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase can block intracellular lipid accumulation .
Epicoccone B, firstly reported from C. globosum, exhibits the DPPH free radical scavenging ability with IC50 value of 10.8 μM, and has potent α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 value of 27.3 μM. Anti-HIV activity .
Coenzyme Q6 (Ubiquinone 30) is an isoprenylated benzoquinone lipid. Coenzyme Q6 exhibits functions in respiratory electron transport and as a lipid antioxidant. Coenzyme Q6 also has antioxidant effects, which can prevent the production of free radicals and oxidative damage .
Quercetin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-D-galactoside) is an antioxidant derived from Apocynum venetum that exhibits strong scavenging activity against DPPH (HY-112053) free radicals, with an EC50 value of 11.4 μM .
(±)-Taxifolin ((±)-Dihydroquercetin) is the racemate of Taxifolin. Taxifolin exhibits important anti-tyrosinase activity. Taxifolin exhibits significant inhibitory activity against collagenase with an IC50 value of 193.3 μM . Taxifolin is an important natural compound with antifibrotic activity. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity .
Eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside (Eriodictyol 7-O-β-D-glucoside), a flavonoid, is a potent free radical scavenger. Eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside is also an Nrf2 activator, confers protection against Cisplatin-induced toxicity .
2-(Aminomethyl)phenol (2-Hydroxybenzylamine), a selective dicarbonyl scavenger, is an antioxidant and scavanger of free radicals and isolevuglandins (IsoLGs). 2-(Aminomethyl)phenol can be used in the research of inflammation and cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, early recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and arrhythmias .
Catechin-7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside is an antioxidant compound with strong DPPH free radical scavenging ability. Catechin-7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside can be extracted from birch inner bark and nepeta stem bark .
Propionyl-L-carnitine is a carnitine derivative and has a high affinity for muscular carnitine transferase. Propionyl-L-carnitine increases cellular carnitine content, thereby allowing free fatty acid transport into the mitochondria. Propionyl-L-carnitine alleviates the symptoms of PAD through a metabolic pathway, thereby improving exercise performance .
(-)-Taxifolin is the less active enantiomer of Taxifolin. Taxifolin exhibits important anti-tyrosinase activity. Taxifolin exhibits significant inhibitory activity against collagenase with an IC50 value of 193.3 μM . Taxifolin is an important natural compound with antifibrotic activity. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity .
Gardenoside is a natural compound found in Gardenia fruits, with hepatoprotective properties. Gardenoside suppresses the pain of chronic constriction injury by regulating the P2X3 and P2X7 receptors. Gardenoside has an inhibitory effect on free fatty acids (FFA)-induced cellular steatosis .
Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sodium 2-oxopropanoate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS .
Tetrahydrofolic acid (L-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic acid) is the biologically active vitamin B9 folate derivative. Tetrahydrofolic acid is a donor of one-carbon groups for amino acids, nucleic acids, and lipids. Tetrahydrofolic acid serves as an acceptor of free formaldehyde, producing 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-Tetrahydrofolic acid .
Isoarjunolic acid (2α,3α,23-Trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid) is a triterpenoid, can be isolated from the stems of Cornus kousa. Isoarjunolic acid could have free radical scavenging activity and elastase inhibition activity .
Multinoside A (compound 6) is an antioxidant with DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50=54.3 μg/mL). Multinoside A can also downregulate COX-2 expression (IC50=9.6 μg/mL) and inhibit NO production (IC50=43.9 μg/mL) .
Atherosperminine（Atherospermine）is a nature occurring alkaloid, has antiplasmodial activities in vitro, with an IC50 of 5.80 μM. Atherosperminine is a good reductant with the ability to chelate metals. Atherosperminine has scavenging activity towards the free radical DPPH, with an IC50 of 29.56 µg/mL. Atherosperminine exerts a non-specific relaxant effect on the trachealis .
Koaburaside is a cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory natural compound. Koaburaside shows antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 9.0 μM for DPPH-free radical scavenging assay. Koaburaside inhibits histamine release and expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α in human mast cells. Koaburaside also effectively inhibits influenza A neuraminidase .
Sesamol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sesamol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sesamol is a constituent of sesame oil. Sesamol shows a free radical scavenging activity. Sesamol shows an IC50=5.95±0.56 μg/mL in the DPPH assay. Anti-oxidant activities . Anticancer activities .
Tamsulosin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tamsulosin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tamsulosin ((R)-(-)-YM12617 free base) is an inhibitor of α1-adrenergic receptor. Tamsulosin is used for the research of prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm growth in animal models .
Taurine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taurine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes .
L-Carnosine is a dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and histidine. L-Carnosine is an endogenous metabolite found in human brain, muscle and gastrointestinal tissues and is present in all vertebrates. L-Carnosine is a non-enzymatic free radical scavenger and natural antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties that can inhibit biochemical changes associated with aging .
Pterostilbene is a stilbenoid isolated from blueberries and Pterocarpus marsupium . Shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties . Pterostilbene blocks ROS production , also exhibits inhibitory activity against various free radicals such as DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide .
8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
13Z,16Z-Docosadienoic acid, a ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, possesses anti-borreliae effect. 13Z,16Z-Docosadienoic acid, as a long-chain fatty acid (LCFA), is a free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4 or GPR120, a LCFA receptor) agonist .
Taurodeoxycholic acid, a bile acid, stabilizes the mitochondrial membrane, decreases free radical formation. Taurodeoxycholic acid inhibits apoptosis by blocking a calcium-mediated apoptotic pathway as well as caspase-12 activation. Taurodeoxycholic acid exhibits neuroprotective effect in 3-nitropropionic acid induced mouse model or genetic mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD) .
Glycyrrhizin-6′′-methylester (compound 22) is a glycyrrhizin that can be isolated from licorice root. Glycyrrhizin-6′′-methylester can participate as an aglycone in the formation of methyl glucuronate, producing a sweet and licorice taste, but no bitterness. This reveals the importance of the free carboxyl group on the glycoside cone-bound glucuronic acid for natural sweetness and licorice taste .
Taxifolin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taxifolin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taxifolin ((+)-Dihydroquercetin) exhibits important anti-tyrosinase activity. Taxifolin exhibits significant inhibitory activity against collagenase with an IC50 value of 193.3 μM . Taxifolin is an important natural compound with antifibrotic activity. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity .
Loganic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Loganic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Loganic acid is an iridoid isolated from cornelian cherry fruits. Loganic acid can modulate diet-induced atherosclerosis and redox status. Loganic acid has strong free radical scavenging activity and remarkable cyto-protective effect against heavy metal mediated toxicity .
Gallic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gallic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) . Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities .
Gallic acid (hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gallic acid (hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) . Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities .
Penicillamine (D-(-)-Penicillamine) is a penicillin metabolic degradation product, can be used as a heavy metal chelator. Penicillamine reduces free copper and reduces oxidative stress. Penicillamine has effect of seizures through nitric oxide/NMDA pathways. Penicillamine is a potential immune modulator. Penicillamine can be used for the research of Wilson disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cystinuria .
N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) derives from maleic acid, it can alkylates free sulfhydryl. N-Ethylmaleimide is an irreversible cysteine protease inhibitor. N-ethylmaleimide specific inhibits phosphate transport in mitochondria. N-Ethylmaleimide inhibits prolyl endopeptidase with an IC50 value of 6.3 μM. N-Ethylmaleimide can be used to modify cysteine residues in proteins and peptides .
β-D-Glucopyranosyl abscisate (ABA-GE) is a hydrolyzable abscisic acid (ABA) conjugate that accumulates in the vacuole and presumably also in the endoplasmic reticulum. The deconjugation of β-D-Glucopyranosyl abscisate allows the rapid formation of free ABA in response to abiotic stress conditions such as dehydration and salt stress. β-D-Glucopyranosyl abscisate contributes to the maintenance of ABA homeostasis .
α-Lactose (hydrate) (α-D-Lactose (hydrate)) is the principal carbohydrate in the milk of most mammals. α-Lactose (hydrate) consists of glucose and galactose and exists in the form of two anomers, α and β. α-Lactose (hydrate) has many uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries, such as a free-flowing or agglomerating agent, a diluent for pigments, flavors, or enzymes .
D-luciferin is the natural substrate of the enzyme luciferase (Luc) that catalyzes the production of the typical yellowgreen light of fireflies. The 560 nm chemiluminescence from this reaction peaks within seconds, with light output that is proportional to luciferase concentration when the substrate luciferin is present in excess. The luciferase (luc) gene is a popular reporter gene for research and agent screening. Chemiluminescent techniques are virtually background-free, making the luc reporter gene ideal for detecting low-level gene expression. As little as 0.02 pg of luciferase can be reliably measured in a standard scintillation counter. In addition to its role as a reporter of gene expression, luciferase is commonly used in an extremely sensitive assay for ATP . We of er the firefly luciferase (HY-P1004), luciferin free acid (HY-12591A), as well as its water-soluble sodium salts (HY-12591) and potassium salts (HY-12591B) .
Copper tripeptide (GHK-Cu) is a tripeptide. During wound healing, copper tripeptide may be freed from existing extracellular proteins via proteolysis and serves as a chemoattractant for inflammatory and endothelial cells. Copper tripeptide has been shown to increase messenger RNA production for collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans in fibroblasts. Copper tripeptide is a natural modulator of multiple cllular pathways in skin regeneration .
Broussochalcone A is an antioxidant and an inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase (IC50=2.21 μM), with free radical scavenging activity. Broussochalcone A inhibits iron-induced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -activated macrophages. Broussochalcone A also induces Apoptosis of human renal carcinoma cells by increasing ROS levels and activating FOXO3 signaling pathways .
(R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((R,R)-SDG) is the minor isomer of Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in flaxseed. (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((R,R)-SDG) possesses antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities and DNA-radioprotective properties. (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((R,R)-SDG) inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity by suppressing both the peroxidase and chlorination cyclesin inflammatory cells .
D(+)-Galactosamine (D-Galactosamine) hydrochloride, which is an established experimental toxin, primarily causes liver injury by the generation of free radicals and depletion of UTP nucleotides. D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride intoxication also induces renal dysfunction thus, renal failure is often associated with the end-stage of the liver damage. Lipopolysaccharide/D(+)-Galactosamine-induced acute liver injury is a known animal model of fulminant hepatic failure .
2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) is an active product that can be extracted from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. TSG has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-apoptotic, and free radical scavenging activities, TSG is also indicated to facilitate long-term potentiation and learning and memory in both normal and pathological conditions .
Aloenin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aloenin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aloenin (Aloenin A) is a kind of natural product, has effective clearing and free radical activity, and has moderate inhibitory activity on β-secretion (BACE) (IC50=14.95 μg/mL). Aloenin suppresses peritoneal hypertrophy in large rats and suppresses its release .
Vinpocetine (Ethyl apovincaminate) is a derivative of the alkaloid Vincamine that blocks voltage-gated Na + channels. The IC50 value of Vinpocetine on direct IKK inhibition in the cell-free system is 17.17 μM. Vinpocetine is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IκB kinase complex (IKK), and has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders .
L-Quebrachitol is a methoxy analog of inositol isolated from plants, which has free-radical scavenging, gastroprotection, anti-platelet aggregation and anti-diabetic activity. L-Quebrachitol promotes osteoblastogenesis by uppregulation of BMP-2, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), MAPK (ERK, JNK, p38α), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway .
Sclerotiorin is a reversible and uncompetitive inhibitor against soybean lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) (IC50: 4.2 μM). Sclerotiorin also shows antioxidant activity by scavenging free radical (ED50: 0.12 μM), and nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. Sclerotiorin has antifungal activity, and also inhibits platelet aggregation. Sclerotiorin can be purified from the fermented broth of Penicillium frequentans .
Ferulic acid methyl ester (Methyl ferulate) is a derivative of ferulic acid, isolated from Stemona tuberosa, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties . Ferulic acid methyl ester is a cell membrane and brain permeable compound, shows free radical scavenging ability, used in the research of neurodegenerative disorders . Ferulic acid methyl ester inhibits COX-2 expression, blocks p-p38 and p-JNK in primary bone marrow derived-macrophages .
Pterostilbene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pterostilbene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pterostilbene is a stilbenoid isolated from blueberries and Pterocarpus marsupium . Shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties . Pterostilbene blocks ROS production , also exhibits inhibitory activity against various free radicals such as DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide .
Luteolin 7-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 3) is a flavonoid with antioxidant activity, which can be isolated from Margaritopsis carrascoana. Luteolin 7-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside has good DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50=0.188 mg/mL) .
Rhodionin, isolated from the root of Rhodiola crenulata, is a specific non-competitive cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.761 μM and a Ki of 0.769 μM . Rhodionin exhibits potent, dose-dependent inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 ranged from 57.50 to 2.43 μg/mL . Rhodionin exhibits potent DPPH free radical scavenging activities, with an IC50 of 19.49 μM .
Penicillamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Penicillamine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Penicillamine (D-(-)-Penicillamine) is a penicillin metabolic degradation product, can be used as a heavy metal chelator. Penicillamine reduces free copper and reduces oxidative stress. Penicillamine has effect of seizures through nitric oxide/NMDA pathways. Penicillamine is a potential immune modulator. Penicillamine can be used for the research of Wilson disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cystinuria .
N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL) is a N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone can inhibit primary root growth in Arabidopsis. N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone triggers a transient and immediate increase in the concentrations of cytosolic free Ca 2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS), increases the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6), and induces nitric oxide (NO) production in Arabidopsis roots .
Frequentin, a secondary metabolite produced by Penicillium janthinellum, is influenced by environmental conditions such as cadmium nitrate and sodium chloride concentrations. In cadmium nitrate-free medium, P. janthinellum produces cyclopenin, carlosic acid, erythroskyrin, kojic acid, and patulin. At 100 ppm cadmium nitrate, it produces cyclopenin, carlosic acid, frequentin, and islandicin. In the presence of sodium chloride, frequentin is produced at 2% and 3% concentrations. These findings indicate that frequentin production is sensitive to specific environmental stressors, highlighting its potential variability under different growth conditions .
α-Lactose (hydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of α-Lactose (hydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. α-Lactose (hydrate) (α-D-Lactose (hydrate)) is the principal carbohydrate in the milk of most mammals. α-Lactose (hydrate) consists of glucose and galactose and exists in the form of two anomers, α and β. α-Lactose (hydrate) has many uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries, such as a free-flowing or agglomerating agent, a diluent for pigments, flavors, or enzymes .
Quercetin-3'-O-glucoside is a flavonol, which can be isolated from the flowers of Quercetin. Quercetin-3'-O-glucoside modulates Alloxan (HY-W017227)-induced hyperglycemia and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rats, exerting anti-diabetic and anti-peroxidation effects. Quercetin-3'-O-glucoside improves diabetes and tissue lipid peroxidation by virtue of its insulin-stimulating and/or free radical-scavenging properties .
Vinpocetine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Vinpocetine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Vinpocetine (Ethyl apovincaminate) is a derivative of the alkaloid Vincamine that blocks voltage-gated Na + channels. The IC50 value of Vinpocetine on direct IKK inhibition in the cell-free system is 17.17 μM. Vinpocetine is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor and inhibits NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by directly targeting IκB kinase complex (IKK), and has been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders .
D(+)-Galactosamine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of D(+)-Galactosamine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D(+)-Galactosamine (D-Galactosamine) hydrochloride, which is an established experimental toxin, primarily causes liver injury by the generation of free radicals and depletion of UTP nucleotides. D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride intoxication also induces renal dysfunction thus, renal failure is often associated with the end-stage of the liver damage. Lipopolysaccharide/D(+)-Galactosamine-induced acute liver injury is a known animal model of fulminant hepatic failure .
8-Isoprostaglandin F2α (Standard) is the analytical standard of 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
Flavonol is a cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 120 μM and a Ki value of 74 μM. Flavonol has antioxidant, free radical-scavenging, antibacterial properties, and immune modulation functions. Flavonol inhibits the PriA helicase of Staphylococcus aureus. Flavonol can suppress the production of NO in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the expression of the iNOS enzyme. Flavonol shows protective and analgesic effects in mice through various neuronal pathways. Flavonol can be used in research related to tumors and atherosclerosis diseases .
DIMBOA, an antibiotic, has antibacterial properties and inhibits bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and the mycotoxin-producing fungus Fusarium graminearum (which causes scab). DIMBOA exhibits strong free radical scavenging activity and weak iron(III) ion reducing activity, and has antioxidant activity. DIMBOA inhibits the biosynthesis and accumulation of toxic trichothecenes by affecting the expression of Tri6 and Tri5. DIMBOA reduces plant susceptibility to scab. DIMBOA also exhibits cytotoxicity to plant cells, causing plasmolysis, cell collapse, and cell rupture .
(R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((R,R)-SDG) is the minor isomer of Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in flaxseed. (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((R,R)-SDG) possesses antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities and DNA-radioprotective properties. (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ((R,R)-SDG) inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity by suppressing both the peroxidase and chlorination cyclesin inflammatory cells .
3,5-Dimethoxy-2,7-phenanthrenediol (compound 2) is a phenanthrene compound isolated from the roots of Combretum laxum. 3,5-Dimethoxy-2,7-phenanthrenediol is cytotoxic to human cancer cell lines 786-0, MCF-7 and NCI/ADR-RES, with IC50s of 73.26 μM, 118.40 μM and 83.99 μM respectively. 3,5-Dimethoxy-2,7-phenanthrenediol also has free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 20.4 μM .
L-Carnosine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Carnosine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Carnosine is a dipeptide of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine and has the potential to suppress many of the biochemical changes that accompany aging.
In Vitro: L-Carnosine is a dipeptide of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine and has the potential to suppress many of the biochemical changes that accompany aging . L-Carnosine also exhibits some antioxidant effects. The antioxidant mechanism of L-Carnosine is attributed to its chelating effect against metal ions, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and ROS and free radicals scavenging ability .
Nodal protein plays a key role in embryonic development and is indispensable for mesoderm formation and axial patterning. As a homodimer linked together by disulfide bonds, Nodal helps form the molecular framework that controls fundamental developmental pathways, ensuring the correct establishment of mesodermal tissue and axial structure during embryogenesis. Animal-Free Nodal Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeNodal protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Nodal Protein, Human (His) is 110 a.a., with molecular weight of ~13.75 kDa.
EGF protein does not possess the conserved residue(s) necessary for propagating feature annotation. Animal-Free EGF Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeEGF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free EGF Protein, Human (His) is 53 a.a., with molecular weight of ~7.16 kDa.
Neurturin protein, vital in neurobiology, is key to supporting sympathetic neuron survival and implicated in regulating the central nervous system (CNS). It influences neural growth, stability, and may modulate non-neuronal cell populations. Neurturin, a homodimer linked by disulfide bonds, maintains structural integrity for diverse cellular functions beyond neuronal survival. Animal-Free Neurturin Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeNeurturin protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Neurturin Protein, Human (His) is 102 a.a., with molecular weight of ~12.62 kDa.
Noggin protein is an important BMP inhibitor that plays an indispensable role in the neural tube, somite growth, cartilage morphogenesis, and joint formation. Its homodimeric structure promotes significant interactions with GDF5 and possibly GDF6, inhibiting chondrocyte differentiation. Animal-Free Noggin Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeNoggin protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Noggin Protein, Human (His) is 205 a.a., with molecular weight of ~24 kDa.
Neurturin, forming homodimers through disulfide links, promotes the survival of sympathetic neurons in culture.It potentially plays a role in regulating the development and maintenance of the central nervous system (CNS) and influencing the size of non-neuronal cell populations, such as haemopoietic cells.Animal-Free Neurturin Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeNeurturin protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His labeled tag.
IL-13 Protein is a cytokine which is secreted by T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, CD4 cells, natural killer T cell, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils and nuocytes. IL-13 affects the morphology, growth, and surface antigen expression and phenotype of monocytes and elicits B cell proliferation. Animal-Free IL-13 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-13 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-13 Protein, Human (His) is 112 a.a., with molecular weight of ~13.28 kDa.
Glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a neurotrophic factor belongs to the GDNF family ligands (GFLs)., promotes survival of dopamine neurons. GDNF demonstrates a variety of neuroprotective roles for mammalian neurons. Animal-Free GDNF Protein, Mouse (His), a recombinant animal-free protein, is produced in E.coil with a C-Terminal His-tag. It consists of 134 amino acids (S78-I211).
The GM-CSF protein acts as a potent cytokine that coordinates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells of different lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, and erythrocytes. Structurally, GM-CSF exists as a monomer and its signaling is mediated through a dodecamer complex. Animal-Free GM-CSF Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeGM-CSF protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free GM-CSF Protein, Pig (His) is 127 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.3 kDa.
Oleosins are essential for stabilizing liposomes during seed drying, preventing oil coalescence and underscoring their importance in seed physiology. It binds to lipid and phospholipid moieties, suggesting a multifunctional molecular interaction that contributes to liposome integrity. Oleosin Protein, Glycine max (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant Oleosin protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of Oleosin Protein, Glycine max (Cell-Free, His) is 147 a.a., with molecular weight of 17.3 kDa.
Galectin-16 is a soluble β-galactoside binding protein that regulates key biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and immune response. Galectin-16 alters expression associated with cancer, diabetes, and brain disease. Animal-Free Galectin-16 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGalectin-16 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
CNTF is a pluripotent neurotrophic factor, belonging to the IL-6 cytokine family. CNTF could protect retinal cone and rod photoreceptors. CNTF has neuroprotective effects on a variety of central and also peripheral nervous system neurons. Animal-Free CNTF Protein, Human (His) is produced by E. coli (M1-M200) with C-terminal His-tag.
CNTF is a pluripotent neurotrophic factor, belonging to the IL-6 cytokine family. CNTF could protect retinal cone and rod photoreceptors. CNTF has neuroprotective effects on a variety of central and also peripheral nervous system neurons. Animal-Free CNTF Protein, Mouse (His) is produced by E. coli (M1-M198)with C-terminal His-tag.
The CD9 protein is an integrin-linked integral membrane protein that regulates sperm-egg fusion, platelet activation, and cell adhesion. On oocytes, it promotes sperm-egg fusion by organizing multi-protein complexes. CD9 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived CD9 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of CD9 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is 226 a.a., with molecular weight of 28.1 kDa.
The Hemagglutinin glycoprotein initiates infection by binding the virus to cell receptors, inducing a conformational change for fusion triggered by the F protein. It may use CD46 and/or SLAMF1 receptors for entry, leading to down-regulation of CD46, enhancing susceptibility to complement lysis. H protein also interacts with NECTIN4, facilitating viral infection in the respiratory epithelium. Hemagglutinin glycoprotein Protein, Measles virus (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant Virus-derived Hemagglutinin glycoprotein protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of Hemagglutinin glycoprotein Protein, Measles virus (Cell-Free, His) is 617 a.a., with molecular weight of 75.4 kDa.
BMP-3 Protein, a TGF-beta superfamily member, crucially influences early skeletal formation and acts as a bone density negative regulator. It counteracts osteogenic BMPs, hindering osteoprogenitor differentiation. BMP-3 initiates signaling via ACVR2B, activating SMAD2-dependent and SMAD-independent pathways, including TAK1 and JNK. Structurally, it forms homodimers with disulfide bonds, interacting with ACVR2B to regulate functions. Animal-Free BMP-3 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeBMP-3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free BMP-3 Protein, Human (His) is 110 a.a., with molecular weight of ~13.34 kDa.
The IGF2 protein is an important member of the insulin-like growth factor family and plays an important role in mammalian growth, fetoplacental development, and adult glucose metabolism. Regulated by placental prolactin, affecting tissue differentiation. Animal-Free IGF2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIGF2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
IL-10 protein is a major immunoregulatory cytokine with profound anti-inflammatory functions that limits excessive tissue destruction caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptors IL10RA and IL10RB, leading to JAK1- and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3, which translocates to the nucleus and drives the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Animal-Free IL-10 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-10 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-10 Protein, Human (His) is 160 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.6 kDa.
IL-11 protein is a cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells, leading to increased platelet production. Animal-Free IL-11 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-11 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-11 Protein, Human (His) is 178 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.95 kDa.
DSC3 is a component of intercellular desmosome junctions and plays a key role in orchestrating complex interactions between plaque proteins and intermediate filaments, thereby promoting strong cell-to-cell adhesion. In addition to its adhesive function, DSC3 emerges as a potential contributor to epidermal cell localization, particularly in the context of cell stratification. DSC3/Desmocollin-3 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived DSC3/Desmocollin-3 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of DSC3/Desmocollin-3 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is 761 a.a., with molecular weight of 86.3 kDa.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) is a polymorphic ligand protein belonging to the TGF-β family, which is involved in the circulation of the vascular system and can activate receptors on vascular cells. BMP-4 binds to type I receptors (ALK-2/-3/-6) and type II receptors (BMPR2, ACVR2A) to increase plaque formation and promote oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and osteogenic differentiation through its pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic effects. Animal-Free BMP-4 Protein, Human (His) has a total length of 106 amino acids (K303-R408), is expressed in E. coli cells with a C-terminal His-tag.
BMP-7 protein is an important member of the TGF-β superfamily and is critical in embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, neurogenesis and bone morphogenesis. It activates canonical BMP signaling through ACVR1 and ACVR2A, phosphorylates and activates ACVR1, which in turn phosphorylates SMAD1/5/8 for target gene transcriptional regulation. Animal-Free BMP-7 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeBMP-7 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free BMP-7 Protein, Human (His) is 117 a.a., with molecular weight of ~14.00 kDa.
PDGF R beta protein is a receptor protein that binds to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). It is expressed in a variety of cells, including fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Animal-Free IFN-beta Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIFN-beta protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IFN-gamma Protein is a dimeric soluble cytokine. It exerts antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor effects through JAK-STAT, mTOR, MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Animal-Free IFN-gamma Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIFN-gamma protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IFN-gamma Protein, Human (His) is 143 a.a., with molecular weight of ~17.7 kDa.
EGF Protein, Rat is a potent epidermal growth factor, promotes epithelial proliferation and migration, and increases epithelial wound closure and shortens healing time.
Laminins are a major component of basement membranes. Laminin 521 is a heterotrimeric glycoprotein composed of one α5, one β2, and one γ1 chain, is a defined matrix for feeder-free culture of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). When used in combination with defined maintenance media, Laminin 521 reliably facilitates self-renewal of human ESCs and iPSCs without spontaneous differentiation.
Glycoprotein B (gB) is a key envelope glycoprotein that forms unique spikes on the surface of viral particles and plays a crucial role in the initial attachment of the heparan sulfate moiety of the host cell surface proteoglycan. This interaction is a fundamental step in the viral entry process. glycoprotein B/gB Protein, HHV-2 (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant Virus-derived glycoprotein B/gB protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of glycoprotein B/gB Protein, HHV-2 (Cell-Free, His) is 882 a.a., with molecular weight of 99.7 kDa.
Glycoprotein B (gB) is an important envelope glycoprotein that forms spikes on the viral envelope and facilitates initial attachment to the heparan sulfate moiety on the host cell surface. gB is essential for viral entry and is involved in mediating fusion between the viral and cell membranes. glycoprotein B/gB Protein, HHV-7 (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant Virus-derived glycoprotein B/gB protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of glycoprotein B/gB Protein, HHV-7 (Cell-Free, His) is 800 a.a., with molecular weight of 93.5 kDa.
Glycoprotein C (gC protein) is an important attachment protein that promotes virus binding to the cell surface by interacting with heparan sulfate or chondroitin sulfate. This critical role emphasizes its importance during the initial stages of viral infection. glycoprotein C/gC Protein, HHV-2 (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant Virus-derived glycoprotein C/gC protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of glycoprotein C/gC Protein, HHV-2 (Cell-Free, His) is 453 a.a., with molecular weight of 50.5 kDa.
Glycoprotein D/gD proteins bind to host cell receptors TNFRSF14/HVEM and NECTIN1, triggering fusion with the host membrane by recruiting gB and gH/gL. glycoprotein D/gD Protein, HHV-2 (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant Virus-derived glycoprotein D/gD protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of glycoprotein D/gD Protein, HHV-2 (Cell-Free, His) is 368 a.a., with molecular weight of 42.3 kDa.
MG281 Protein, Mycoplasma genitalium (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant MG281 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of MG281 Protein, Mycoplasma genitalium (Cell-Free, His) is 556 a.a., with molecular weight of 65.0 kDa.
IL-15 protein regulates immune cells, stimulates the proliferation of NK cells, T cells, and B cells, and promotes cytokine secretion. Animal-Free IL-15 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-15 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, N-His labeled tag.
FGF-18 Protein intricately regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, crucial in normal ossification and bone development for skeletal maturation. It stimulates hepatic and intestinal proliferation, showcasing versatile functions. Interactions with FGFR3 and FGFR4 underscore FGF-18 Protein's significance in modulating intricate signaling pathways for fundamental tissue development and homeostasis. Animal-Free FGF-18 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-18 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FGF-18 Protein, Human (His) is 173 a.a., with molecular weight of ~21.11 kDa.
LIF protein induces terminal differentiation in leukemic cells, promoting hematopoietic and neuronal cell differentiation, and stimulating acute-phase protein synthesis in hepatocytes. Its diverse activities highlight its role in influencing cellular differentiation across various cell types and physiological contexts. Animal-Free LIF Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeLIF protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free LIF Protein, Human (His) is 180 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20.52 kDa.
The TL1A protein (VEGI protein), belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family and is a receptor for TNFRSF25 and TNFRSF6B. TL1A is involved in the activation of NF-κB and C-Jun pathways, which can be used as a regulator of mucosal immunity and participate in the immune pathway of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. TL1A originates from endothelial cells and inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer, epithelial and myeloid tumor cells. The human TL1A protein has a transmembrane domain (36-56 a.a.) that can be cleaved into membrane-type and soluble peptide fragments. Animal-Free TL1A/TNFSF15 Protein, Human (His) is the extracullar part of TL1A protein (Q58-L251), produced in E.coli with C-terminal His-tag.
CDNF (cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor) emerges as a key trophic factor for dopamine neurons that counteracts 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced degeneration. Notably, it can restore dopaminergic function and prevent nigral neuronal degeneration after 6-OHDA injury. Animal-Free CDNF Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeCDNF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free CDNF Protein, Mouse (His) is 163 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.47 kDa.
The IL-15 protein is a cytokine that crucially shapes inflammatory and protective immune responses by regulating innate and adaptive immune cells. It stimulates the proliferation and activation of natural killer cells, T cells and B cells, and promotes the secretion of cytokines. Animal-Free IL-15 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-15 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-15 Protein, Mouse (His) is 114 a.a., with molecular weight of ~14.06 kDa.
IL-21 is a cytokine with immunomodulatory capabilities that orchestrates the transition from innate to adaptive immunity. It induces the production of IgG(1) and IgG(3) by B cells, thereby forming a humoral immune response. Animal-Free IL-21 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-21 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-21 Protein, Mouse (His) is 129 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.9 kDa.
IL-31 Protein activates STAT3, potentially STAT1 and STAT5, through the IL31 receptor. It enhances myeloid progenitor cell survival and induces RETNLA and serum amyloid A protein expression in macrophages. IL-31 Protein's diverse functions suggest its importance in biological processes and potential implications in immune regulation and cell survival. Animal-Free IL-31 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-31 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-31 Protein, Mouse (His) is 140 a.a., with molecular weight of ~16.56 kDa.
LIF (Leukemia Inhibitory Factor) prompts terminal differentiation in leukemic cells, inducing hematopoietic and neuronal cell differentiation.It also stimulates acute-phase protein synthesis in hepatocytes.LIF's multifaceted role underscores its significance in regulating hematopoiesis, neurogenesis, and hepatic responses.Animal-Free LIF Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeLIF protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His labeled tag.
The M-CSF protein is a key orchestrator in regulating the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, particularly mononuclear phagocytes, including macrophages and monocytes. It actively promotes the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines, thereby playing a key role in innate immunity and inflammatory processes. Animal-Free M-CSF Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeM-CSF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free M-CSF Protein, Mouse (His) is 155 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.02 kDa.
The IL-15 protein is a key cytokine that promotes inflammatory and protective immune responses against invaders by regulating immune cells in the innate and adaptive systems. It stimulates natural killer cells, T cells and B cells, and promotes the secretion of various cytokines. Animal-Free IL-15 Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeIL-15 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-15 Protein, Pig (His) is 114 a.a., with molecular weight of ~14.1 kDa.
IL-4 protein is actively involved in the activation process of B cells and various cell types, acting as a costimulator of DNA synthesis. It induces expression of MHC class II molecules by resting B cells and enhances IgE and IgG1 secretion and cell surface expression. Animal-Free IL-4 Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeIL-4 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-4 Protein, Pig (His) is 109 a.a., with molecular weight of ~13.5 kDa.
The tubulin cofactor A protein is a key tubulin folding protein that initiates the tubulin folding pathway within the supercomplex (cofactors A to E). Cofactors A and D capture tubulin and stabilize it in a quasi-native state. Tubulin cofactor A Protein, Human (Tag Free) is the recombinant human-derived Tubulin cofactor A protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of Tubulin cofactor A Protein, Human (Tag Free) is 108 a.a., with molecular weight of ~14 kDa.
M-CSF Protein, Human (CHO) is a hematopoietic growth factor with various glycosylation sites, affects survival and function of the tissue macrophages, and possesses antitumor activity.
Colicin-E1, a channel-forming colicin, serves as a transmembrane toxin inducing cytoplasmic membrane depolarization and cellular energy dissipation. It is part of a broader class of polypeptide toxins synthesized by and active against Escherichia coli and related bacterial strains. Colicin-E1 Protein, E.coli (Cell-Free, His, Myc) is the recombinant E. coli-derived Colicin-E1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His, C-Myc labeled tag. The total length of Colicin-E1 Protein, E.coli (Cell-Free, His, Myc) is 522 a.a., with molecular weight of 64.3 kDa.
DHCR7 Protein, alias 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, crucially participates in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway by reducing the C7-C8 double bond in intermediates—cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol (7-dehydrocholesterol/7-DHC) and cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol. DHCR7 Protein, Bovine (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant bovine-derived DHCR7 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free, with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of DHCR7 Protein, Bovine (Cell-Free, His) is 475 a.a., with molecular weight of 55.8 kDa.
FZD3 is a Wnt receptor that primarily activates the β-catenin canonical pathway, involving disheveled protein, GSK-3 kinase inhibition, nuclear β-catenin accumulation, and Wnt target gene induction. FZD3 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived FZD3 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of FZD3 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 644 a.a., with molecular weight of 75.3 kDa.
Hypothetical membrane spanning Protein, Coxiella burnetii (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant Hypothetical membrane spanning protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of Hypothetical membrane spanning Protein, Coxiella burnetii (Cell-Free, His) is 603 a.a., with molecular weight of 67.7 kDa.
Hypothetical membrane spanning Protein, Coxiella burnetii (Cell-Free, GST) is the recombinant Hypothetical membrane spanning protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-GST labeled tag.
MFN2, a mitochondrial outer membrane GTPase, regulates mitochondrial dynamics, balancing fusion and fission for dynamic organelle morphology. Its overexpression forms extensive mitochondrial networks, highlighting its organizational role. Beyond shaping structure, MFN2 influences mitochondrial metabolism, impacting obesity and apoptosis. In vascular smooth muscle cells, it regulates proliferation. Crucial in mitochondrial quality control, MFN2 facilitates mitophagy and modulates the unfolded protein response during ER stress, emphasizing its diverse roles in cellular homeostasis and stress responses. MFN2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived MFN2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free, with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of MFN2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 757 a.a., with molecular weight of 87.9 kDa.
TYR/Tyrosinase Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived TYR/Tyrosinase protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. , has molecular weight of 61.3 kDa.
UPK2 is a key component of the asymmetric unit membrane (AUM), a specialized biofilm made by terminally differentiated urothelial cells. Its presence suggests a potentially critical role in the complex regulation of AUM assembly. UPK2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His, SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived UPK2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-6*His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of UPK2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His, SUMO) is 100 a.a., with molecular weight of 23.6 kDa.
EGF Protein, a growth factor, is essential for cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. It binds to the EGF receptor, activating signaling pathways that regulate cell survival and tissue repair. EGF Protein has therapeutic potential in promoting wound healing, tissue regeneration, and cancer treatment. Its role in cellular processes makes it a subject of interest in biomedical research. Animal-Free EGF Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeEGF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free EGF Protein, Mouse (His) is 53 a.a., with molecular weight of ~6.98 kDa.
Activin B, a TGFβ superfamily cytokine, is a homodimer of activin βB subunits. Activin B binds to type II transmembrane serine-threonine kinase receptors (ACTRIIA or ACTRIIB) which, in turn, activate type I receptors (ACTRI) that phosphorylate and activate canonical SMAD signaling pathways. Animal-Free INHBB Protein, Human (His), a recombinant animal-free protein, is produced in E. coli with a C-Terminal His-tag.
Animal-Free FGF-8a Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-8a protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FGF-8a Protein, Human (His) is 182 a.a., with molecular weight of ~22.14 kDa.
Animal-Free IL-19 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-19 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-19 Protein, Human (His) is 154 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.69 kDa.
IL-20 protein is a proinflammatory cytokine secreted by monocytes and keratinocytes that is critical for immune responses, inflammation, hematopoiesis, and epidermal cell differentiation. It plays a key role in tissue remodeling, wound healing, and maintenance of epithelial homeostasis during infection. Animal-Free IL-20 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-20 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
AGER proteins are cell surface pattern recognition receptors that expertly sense endogenous stress signals utilizing an extensive library of ligands, including advanced glycation end products, S100 proteins, high mobility Group Box 1 proteins/HMGB1, starch Like protein β/APP oligomers, nucleic acids, phospholipids, and glycosaminoglycans. Animal-Free AGER Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeAGER protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free AGER Protein, Human (His) is 278 a.a., with molecular weight of ~30.94 kDa.
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that belongs to NGF-beta family. BDNF can bind to its high affinity receptor TrkB and activates signal transduction cascades (IRS1/2, PI3K, Akt). BDNF can also bind to the p75NTR, but the affinity for the p75NTR receptor is lower than for TrkB. BDNF is a neurotransmitter modulator, and is vital in maturation, survival and differentiation of neuronal populations during development. BDNF also participates in neuronal plasticity, which is essential for learning and memory. BDNF is widely expressed in the CNS. Animal-Free BDNF Protein, Human/Mouse (His) is an animal-free recombinant human/muose BDNF (H129-R247) with C-terminal His tag, which is produced in E.coli.
IFN-gamma is a type II interferon family cytokine that participates in antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor responses. Animal-Free IFN-gamma Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIFN-gamma protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IFN-gamma Protein, Mouse (His) is 133 a.a., with molecular weight of ~16.5 kDa.
The EGF protein acts as a potent stimulator of growth in a variety of epidermal and epithelial tissues in both in vivo and in vitro settings and exhibits growth-promoting effects on certain fibroblasts in cell culture. Animal-Free EGF Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeEGF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
The glycoprotein G/gG protein, functioning as a chemokine-binding protein, critically modulates immune responses by inhibiting neutrophil chemotaxis. It prevents the migration of neutrophils in response to chemokine signals, contributing to the fine-tuned control of immune cell recruitment and positioning within tissues. This highlights the protein's significance in orchestrating the immune system and maintaining immune homeostasis. glycoprotein G/gG Protein, HHV-1 (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant Virus-derived glycoprotein G/gG protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of glycoprotein G/gG Protein, HHV-1 (Cell-Free, His) is 214 a.a., with molecular weight of 28.8 kDa.
Glycoprotein E/gE proteins bind to gI and promote viral spread in epithelial cells by sorting viral particles to cell junctions. It is able to spread to neighboring cells through receptor interactions. glycoprotein E/gE Protein, HHV-2 (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant Virus-derived glycoprotein E/gE protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of glycoprotein E/gE Protein, HHV-2 (Cell-Free, His) is 525 a.a., with molecular weight of 60.1 kDa.
C-Reactive Protein, an acute-phase protein, is a marker of inflammation and is produced by the liver. It is used as a diagnostic tool to assess the presence and severity of inflammation in various diseases. C-Reactive Protein's role in inflammation detection and its clinical significance in disease management make it a subject of interest in medical research. C-Reactive Protein, Human (HEK293) is the recombinant human-derived C-Reactive protein, expressed by HEK293 , with tag free.
GRPR Protein, Human (Cell-free, Twin-Strep) is the recombinant human-derived GRPR, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with C-Twin-Strep labeled tag. The total length of GRPR Protein, Human (Cell-free, Twin-Strep) is 384 a.a.,
FGF-21 Proteinas, pivotal in promoting glucose uptake in adipocytes, induces SLC2A1/GLUT1 expression, not affecting SLC2A4/GLUT4, contingent on KLB.It significantly regulates systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, with direct KLB interaction via its C-terminus.Engagement with FGFR4 adds complexity to its molecular mechanisms, highlighting its role in orchestrating cellular responses beyond localized effects.Animal-Free FGF-21 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-21 protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
Nerve Growth Factor-β (Beta-NGF; NGF) is a neurotrophic factor that regulates neuronal survival and differentiation. NGF is also a seminal plasma protein involved in ovulation and luteinizing. NGF has potential functions in the female reproductive system to help overcome the current problem of early embryo loss. Animal-Free Beta-NGF Protein, Human (His) is produced by E.coli (S122-A241), with C-terminal His-tag.
BMP-10 is essential for embryonic cardiomyocyte proliferation, preventing premature activation of CDKN1C/p57KIP and ensuring optimal expression of MEF2C and NKX2-5.As a ligand for AVRL1/ALK1, BMPR1A/ALK3 and BMPR1B/ALK6, it activates SMAD1, SMAD5 and SMAD8, regulating key signaling pathways.Animal-Free BMP-10 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeBMP-10 protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
Bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11; GDF11), also known as growth/differentiation factor 11, is a polymorphic ligand protein belonging to the TGFβ family. The GDF-11/BMP-11 signal activates the signal through activator receptor types I and II, resulting in the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3. GDF-11/BMP-11 is an important regulator of central nervous system (CNS) formation and fate. Exogenous peripheral delivery of GDF-11/BMP-11 may enhance neurogenesis and angiogenesis and improve neuropathological outcomes in the elderly brain. The total length of human GDF-11/BMP-11 protein is 407 amino acids (M1-M407), with a glycosylation domain. Animal-Free GDF-11/BMP-11 Protein, Human (His) has a total length of 109 amino acids (N299-S407), is expressed in E. coli with C-terminal His-tag.
BMP-12/GDF-7 Protein, existing as a homodimer with disulfide linkages, is hypothesized to influence the motor area of the primate neocortex. Its distinct structural characteristics suggest a unique mode of action, possibly contributing to cellular events integral to motor area function. The precise details of BMP-12/GDF-7 Protein's role in this neural context and its implications in motor-related processes await further research. Animal-Free BMP-12/GDF-7 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeBMP-12/GDF-7 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free BMP-12/GDF-7 Protein, Human (His) is 129 a.a., with molecular weight of ~14.95 kDa.
BMP-5 protein is an important member of the TGF-β superfamily and is essential for cartilage and bone formation as well as neurogenesis. It activates canonical BMP signaling through BMPR1A and BMPR2 and phosphorylates SMAD1/5/8 for gene transcription regulation. Animal-Free BMP-5 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeBMP-5 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free BMP-5 Protein, Human (His) is 138 a.a., with molecular weight of ~16.57 kDa.
BMP-8 is a pleiotropic ligand protein act as a reproductive system regulator, enriched in the ovary. BMP-8 is encoded by a pair of genes BMP8A and BMP8B, belonging to TNF-β family. BMP-8A activates the SMAD1/5/8 and the SMAD2/3 pathways in granulosa cells, to inhibit gonadotropin-induced progesterone production and steroidogenesis-related gene expression. BMP-8A also involves in Nrf2 phosphorylation in cancer cells to promote survival and drug resistance. BMP-8a Protein, Human is 402 a.a. with 2 glycosylation domains. Animal-Free BMP-8a Protein, Human (His) is a animal free recombinant human protein produced in E. coli cells, with 139 a.a. (A264-H402) and C-terminal His-tag.
FGF-16 Protein orchestrates embryonic development, regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Its vital role in cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart development becomes evident through intricate interactions with FGFR1 and FGFR2. Forming essential molecular connections, FGF-16 contributes to signaling pathways crucial for embryonic development and cellular processes. Animal-Free FGF-16 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-16 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FGF-16 Protein, Human (His) is 207 a.a., with molecular weight of ~24.57 kDa.
FGF-20 protein, a homodimer, functions as a neurotrophic factor essential for regulating central nervous system development and function.It interacts with specific receptors, FGFR2 and FGFR4, with heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans enhancing the binding affinity between fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors, serving as coreceptors in this intricate signaling process.Animal-Free FGF-20 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-20 protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
FGF-23 protein is an important regulator of phosphate homeostasis and inhibits renal tubular phosphate transport by reducing SLC34A1 levels. It upregulates EGR1 expression through KL, directly reduces PTH secretion, and negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. Animal-Free FGF-23 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-23 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FGF-23 Protein, Human (His) is 227 a.a., with molecular weight of ~26.27 kDa.
The FGF-6 protein coordinates cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and myogenesis and is critical for normal muscle regeneration. It interacts with FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR4 to mediate signaling cascades that affect various cellular processes. Animal-Free FGF-6 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-6 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FGF-6 Protein, Human (His) is 168 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.66 kDa.
Galectin-13 Protein, with beta-galactoside and lactose binding capacity, acts as a potent inducer of T-cell apoptosis, as confirmed by research findings. It also exhibits hemagglutinating activity towards chicken erythrocytes, as reported in studies. Structurally, Galectin-13 Protein exists as a homodimer, maintained by disulfide linkages contributing to its dimeric form. Animal-Free Galectin-13 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGalectin-13 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Galectin-13 Protein, Human (His) is 138 a.a., with molecular weight of ~16.9 kDa.
IL-21 protein is an immunomodulatory cytokine that promotes the transition from innate immunity to adaptive immunity. It induces B cells to produce IgG(1) and IgG(3), harnessing an effective antibody response to fight viral infections. Animal-Free IL-21 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-21 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
The IL-19 protein functions as a multifaceted cytokine, acting as both an anti-inflammatory and a pro-angiogenic factor. It plays a key role in polarizing adaptive immunity toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype by inducing T helper 2 responses. Animal-Free IL-19 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-19 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-19 Protein, Mouse (His) is 152 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.54 kDa.
IL-34 protein is an important cytokine that promotes the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of monocytes and macrophages. It plays a key role in innate immune responses and inflammatory processes by promoting the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines. Animal-Free IL-34 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-34 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
The AQP4 protein forms water-specific channels that are critical for brain water homeostasis and lymphoid solute transport. It regulates water exchange at the blood-brain interface, promoting the influx of cerebrospinal fluid into the brain and the drainage of interstitial fluid. AQP4 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free) is the recombinant mouse-derived AQP4 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with tag free. The total length of AQP4 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free) is 323 a.a., with molecular weight of 34.8 kDa.
Fusion glycoprotein F0 directs the fusion of viral and plasma cell membranes, transitioning between prefusion, prehairpin, and postfusion states. Fusion glycoprotein F0 Protein, Measles virus (Cell-Free, His, Avi) is the recombinant Virus-derived Fusion glycoprotein F0 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His, C-Avi labeled tag. The total length of Fusion glycoprotein F0 Protein, Measles virus (Cell-Free, His, Avi) is 527 a.a., with molecular weight of 61.8 kDa.
GIPR protein, a receptor for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), operates through G proteins that activate adenylyl cyclase. Its capacity for homodimer and heterodimer formation with GLP1R implies potential interactions between receptors linked to incretin hormones. GIPR Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived GIPR protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of GIPR Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 445 a.a., with molecular weight of 52.4 kDa.
BMP-2 protein is an important member of the TGF-β superfamily and is critical in cardiogenesis, neurogenesis, and osteogenesis, inducing cartilage and bone formation. It initiates canonical BMP signaling by binding to BMPR1A and BMPR2, triggering BMPR2 phosphorylation and SMAD1/5/8 activation for gene transcription regulation. Animal-Free BMP-2 Protein, Human/Mouse/Rat (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-Free BMP-2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
FGF-2 is a member of the fibroblast family involved in bone healing, cartilage repair, bone repair, and nerve regeneration. FGF-2 is also a mitotic promoter that accelerates cell proliferation. FGF-2 regulates immune processes by specifically targeting tyrosine kinase receptors and activating the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway. For example, FGF-2 is involved in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to regulate cartilage metabolism and also activates ERK signaling to promote cartilage regeneration. FGF-2 combined with FGFR1/3 promoted degeneration and repair of articular cartilage, respectively. FGF-2 is also a known carcinogen in GBM, which contributes to glioma growth and vascularization.Animal-Free FGF-2 Protein, Mouse (His), consists of 144 amino acids, produced by E.coli with tag free.
IL-22 Protein is an secreted IL-10 family cytokine that take part in inflammation responses, reactive oxygen species metabolic process as well as the regeneration and spreading of epithelial cells. IL22 promotes cell survival and proliferation through STAT3, ERK1/2, MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Animal-Free IL-22 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-22 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-22 Protein, Mouse (His) is 146 a.a., with molecular weight of ~17.58 kDa.
G-CSF, a pivotal cytokine, regulates hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes and monocytes-macrophages. This monomeric protein specifically promotes granulocyte development, playing a crucial role in immune system regulation and blood cell formation. Animal-Free G-CSF Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeG-CSF protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free G-CSF Protein, Human (His) is 174 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.48 kDa.
Animal-derived-free IL-22 protein is a cytokine that regulates tissue responses during inflammation and contributes to epithelial cell regeneration to maintain barrier function and prevent tissue damage. Animal-Free IL-22 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-22 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-22 Protein, Human (His) is 146 a.a., with molecular weight of ~17.83 kDa.
In the TGF-beta-2 pathway, the TGF beta 2/TGFB2 protein serves as a precursor to latency-associated peptide (LAP) and transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2), regulating their formation. Crucially, TGF-β2/TGFB2 maintains TGF-β-2 in a latent state within the extracellular matrix, forming a non-covalent association with TGF-β-2. Animal-Free TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeTGF beta 2/TGFB2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free TGF beta 2/TGFB2 Protein, Human (His) is 112 a.a., with molecular weight of ~13.66 kDa.
The MCP-1/CCL2 protein, as a CCR2 ligand, induces potent chemotactic responses and intracellular calcium mobilization in monocytes and basophils, without affecting neutrophils or eosinophils.It is critical for neuropathic pain and enhances NMDA-mediated synaptic transmission in neurons containing dopamine D1 and D2 receptors, possibly involving MAPK/ERK-dependent GRIN2B/NMDAR2B phosphorylation.Animal-Free MCP-1/CCL2 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeMCP-1/CCL2 protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His labeled tag.
IFN-gamma (interferon-gamma) is a type II interferon produced by immune cells such as T cells and NK cells. It plays a key role in antibacterial, antiviral and anti-tumor responses by activating effector immune cells and enhancing antigen presentation. effect. Its main signaling pathway involves the JAK-STAT pathway that interacts with its receptor IFNGR1, affecting gene regulation. Animal-Free IFN-gamma Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeIFN-gamma protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IFN-gamma Protein, Pig (His) is 143 a.a., with molecular weight of ~17.7 kDa.
TGFB1 proprotein is the precursor of latency-associated peptide (LAP) and active transforming growth factor Beta-1 (TGF-β-1) chain, which maintains TGF-β-1 latency in the extracellular matrix. TGFB1 binds non-covalently to TGF-β-1 and regulates its activation through interactions with “environmental molecules” (LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP, LRRC33/NRROS). Animal-Free TGF beta 1/TGFB1 Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeTGF beta 1/TGFB1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free TGF beta 1/TGFB1 Protein, Pig (His) is 112 a.a., with molecular weight of ~13.7 kDa.
The AQP4 protein forms water-specific channels that are critical for brain water homeostasis and lymphoid solute transport. It regulates water exchange at the blood-brain interface, promoting the influx of cerebrospinal fluid into the brain and the drainage of interstitial fluid. AQP4 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived AQP4 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of AQP4 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is 323 a.a., with molecular weight of 40.5 kDa.
The MRGPRX2 protein functions as a mast cell-specific receptor that responds to basic secretagogues and peptides with a cyclic tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) structure. It recognizes ligands such as nonsteroidal neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBD) and various peptides and alkaloids, including cortistatin-14, proadrenomedullin N-telopeptide PAMP-12, and the antimicrobial protein LL-37. MRGPRX2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived MRGPRX2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of MRGPRX2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 330 a.a., with molecular weight of 43.1 kDa.
NAD2 Protein, Psoroptes ovis (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant NAD2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of NAD2 Protein, Psoroptes ovis (Cell-Free, His) is 269 a.a., with molecular weight of 32.7 kDa.
The NINJ1 protein is an important mediator of programmed cell death, inducing plasma membrane rupture in necroptosis and pyroptosis. NINJ1 is activated by Gasdermin or MLKL, oligomerizes, releases DAMPs and exacerbates inflammation. NINJ1 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived NINJ1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of NINJ1 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is 152 a.a., with molecular weight of 19&35&57&76&114 kDa.
Polyprotein orf1a Protein, SARS coronavirus MA15 (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant Virus-derived Polyprotein orf1a protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of Polyprotein orf1a Protein, SARS coronavirus MA15 (Cell-Free, His) is 500 a.a., with molecular weight of 58.8 kDa.
MME proteins exhibit thermolysin-like specificity and primarily degrade polypeptides of up to 30 amino acids. Crucially, it plays a key role in cleaving the Gly-Phe bond to degrade opioid peptides, including Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin. MME Protein, Human (HEK293) is the recombinant human-derived MME protein, expressed by HEK293 , with tag free. The total length of MME Protein, Human (HEK293) is 699 a.a., with molecular weight of 80-100 kDa.
FGF-19 protein plays a crucial role in regulating bile acid biosynthesis by inhibiting CYP7A1 expression through positive regulation of JNK and ERK1/2 cascades. It stimulates glucose uptake in adipocytes, dependent on KLB and FGFR4. Animal-Free FGF-19 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-19 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FGF-19 Protein, Human (His) is 194 a.a., with molecular weight of ~22.62 kDa.
IL-2 Protein is usually produces by antigen-activated CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells and NKT cells. IL-2 Protein is involved in signaling pathways including JAK/STAT, inosine phosphate 3-kinase /PI3K, and mitogen-activated protein kinase /MAPK. Animal-Free IL-2 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-2 Protein, Mouse (His) is 149 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.2 kDa.
AITRL, a type II transmembrane protein, is a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR). When AITRL binds to GITR, GITR can produce costimulatory signals that regulate T-cell proliferation and effector functions. GITR/AITRL interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of tumor, inflammation, as well as autoimmune diseases. Besides, AITRL plays a role in endothelial cells (EC)-activation and increases STAT-1 phosphorylation and the expression of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1). Animal-Free AITRL/TNFSF18 Protein, Human (His) is a recombinant human AITRL (Q49-I174) with C-terminal His tag, which is expressed in E.coli.
The BMP-9/GDF-2 protein is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis that selectively signals through AVRL1 in endothelial cells. Its signaling pathway requires the TGF-β coreceptor endoglin/ENG to effectively activate SMAD1. Animal-Free GDF-2/BMP-9 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeBMP-9/GDF-2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
The CXCL5 protein is critical in neutrophil activation and displays enhanced chemotactic activity on neutrophils, with increased potency of ENA-78(8-78) and ENA-78(9-78) isoforms three times. Structurally, CXCL5 exists as monomers and homodimers, emphasizing its multifunctional molecular configuration. Animal-Free ENA-78/CXCL5 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeENA-78/CXCL5 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free ENA-78/CXCL5 Protein, Human (His) is 70 a.a., with molecular weight of ~8.51 kDa.
FGF-1 protein complexly regulates cell survival, division, angiogenesis, differentiation, and migration. As a potent mitogen, it acts as a ligand for FGFR1 and integrins. Animal-Free FGF-1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
FGF-13 protein is a microtubule-binding protein that directly binds and stabilizes tubulin and affects microtubule polymerization. It exerts negative regulation on axonal and leading process branches, which are critical for neuronal polarization and migration in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Animal-Free FGF-13 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-13 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FGF-13 Protein, Human (His) is 245 a.a., with molecular weight of ~21.23 kDa.
FGF-14 Protein likely plays a crucial role in the development and functioning of the nervous system, contributing to intricate processes underlying neural structure and activity. Its interaction with SCN8A suggests potential involvement in modulating this sodium channel's activity, emphasizing its intricate role in neurophysiology. Animal-Free FGF-14 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-14 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
FGF-17 Protein plays a crucial role in embryonic development, serving as a signaling molecule for brain induction and patterning. Its presence is vital for normal brain development, emphasizing its significance in shaping embryogenesis intricacies. FGF-17 interacts with FGFR3 and FGFR4, underscoring its involvement in signaling cascades that precisely orchestrate developmental events in the embryonic brain. Animal-Free FGF-17 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-17 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FGF-17 Protein, Human (His) is 194 a.a., with molecular weight of ~23.32 kDa.
FGF-22 Protein, multifaceted in physiological processes, influences fasting response, glucose homeostasis, lipolysis, and lipogenesis.It stimulates in vitro cell proliferation and may contribute to hair development.Functionally, FGF-22 forms complexes with FGFR1 and FGFR2, integral to FGF signaling pathways.Interactions with FGFBP1 highlight its role in finely tuned regulatory networks governing cellular and metabolic activities.Animal-Free FGF-22 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-22 protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-SUMO, N-His labeled tag.
IFN-omega protein is a member of the alpha/beta interferon family. Animal-Free IFN-omega 1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIFN-omega protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-17D protein acts as a potent inducer, effectively triggering endothelial cells to express key inflammatory mediators such as IL6, CXCL8/IL8, and CSF2/GM-CSF. The ability of this cytokine to stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory signals emphasizes its importance in orchestrating immune responses, particularly in the context of endothelial cell activation. Animal-Free IL-17D Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-17D protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-17D Protein, Human (His) is 185 a.a., with molecular weight of ~21.00 kDa.
IL-17F protein is a key effector cytokine in innate and adaptive immunity that maintains tissue integrity and protects against microorganisms. It acts through the IL17RA-IL17RC receptor complex, activates the NF-kappa-B and MAPkinase pathways, and induces the transcription of immune-related genes. Animal-Free IL-17F Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-17F protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-17F Protein, Human (His) is 133 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.84 kDa.
IL-31 is a multifunctional cytokine that activates STAT3 through IL-31 heterodimeric receptors (IL31RA and OSMR) and may activate STAT1 and STAT5. IL-31 is known for its involvement in skin immunity, where it regulates immune responses. Animal-Free IL-31 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-31 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-31 Protein, Human (His) is 141 a.a., with molecular weight of ~16.78 kDa.
The G-CSF Protein, a monomeric cytokine in the granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor family, crucially regulates hematopoiesis by orchestrating the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes and monocytes-macrophages. Its production emphasizes its significance in maintaining immune system balance and functionality. Animal-Free G-CSF Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeG-CSF protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free G-CSF Protein, Mouse (His) is 178 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.76 kDa.
IL-6 protein is a multifunctional cytokine that participates in immune, regenerative and metabolic processes by binding to IL6R and forming a complex with IL6ST/gp130. This activates the IL6 signaling pathway, initiating "classical signaling" via membrane-bound IL6R and IL6ST, "trans signaling" via binding of IL6 and soluble IL6R to IL6ST, and "cluster signaling" via the IL6:IL6R complex ". Animal-Free IL-6 Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeIL-6 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-6 Protein, Pig (His) is 182 a.a., with molecular weight of ~21.9 kDa.
The GNRHR2 Protein serves as a receptor for gonadotropin-releasing hormone II (GnRH II), initiating its action through association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. GNRHR2 Protein, Rhesus Macaque (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant Rhesus Macaque-derived GNRHR2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of GNRHR2 Protein, Rhesus Macaque (Cell-Free, His) is 379 a.a., with molecular weight of 44.3 kDa.
The OPRD1 protein is a G protein-coupled receptor for enkephalins and opioids that undergoes ligand-induced conformational changes to activate signaling through G proteins and inhibit adenylate cyclase. Additionally, it reduces neurotransmitter release by affecting ionic currents. OPRD1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived OPRD1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of OPRD1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 372 a.a., with molecular weight of 41.9 kDa.
The TSPO protein was originally thought to be a peripheral benzodiazepine receptor that binds protoporphyrin IX and isoquinoline carboxamide. TSPO Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived TSPO protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of TSPO Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is 169 a.a., with molecular weight of 21.7 kDa.
The IGF-I/IGF-1 protein is structurally similar to insulin and has potent growth-promoting activity. As a physiological regulator, it stimulates glucose transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts, exceeding the efficacy of insulin at lower concentrations. Animal-Free IGF-I/IGF-1 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIGF-I/IGF-1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
The VEGF-A protein is a multifunctional growth factor that is essential for promoting angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and endothelial cell growth. Its multiple effects include inducing endothelial cell proliferation, promoting migration, inhibiting apoptosis, and increasing vascular permeability. Animal-Free VEGF Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeVEGF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free VEGF Protein, Pig (His) is 164 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20.16 kDa.
4-1BBL/TNFSF9 protein is a cytokine that selectively binds to TNFRSF9 and exerts its effects by inducing the proliferation of activated peripheral blood T cells. As a homotrimer, this ligand demonstrates its potential role in activation-induced cell death (AICD) and may be involved in coordinating homologous interactions between T cells and B cells/macrophages. Animal-Free 4-1BBL/TNFSF9 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-Free4-1BBL/TNFSF9 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free 4-1BBL/TNFSF9 Protein, Human (His) is 185 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20.38 kDa.
The FGF-9 protein plays a key role in embryonic development, controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Its diverse functions include glial cell growth and differentiation, gliosis in brain repair, neuronal cell differentiation and survival, and promotion of glioma growth. Animal-Free FGF-9 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-9 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FGF-9 Protein, Human (His) is 208 a.a., with molecular weight of ~22.14 kDa.
The GM-CSF protein functions as a key cytokine that promotes the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells of different lineages, such as granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, and erythrocytes. In its monomeric form, GM-CSF acts as a signaling molecule, orchestrating complex receptor assemblies. Animal-Free GM-CSF Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGM-CSF protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free GM-CSF Protein, Human (His) is 127 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.4 kDa.
Animal-Free IL-16 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-16 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-16 Protein, Human (His) is 129 a.a., with molecular weight of ~14.12 kDa.
The IL-17A protein is an important effector cytokine that is critical in both innate and adaptive immunity to defend against microorganisms and maintain tissue integrity. It acts through the IL17RA-IL17RC heterodimeric receptor complex, triggering signaling pathways, activating immune-related gene transcription and promoting strong immune inflammation. Animal-Free IL-17A Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-17A protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-17A Protein, Human (His) is 136 a.a., with molecular weight of ~16.47 kDa.
IL-1RA/IL-1RN proteins are potent anti-inflammatory antagonists in the interleukin 1 family, specifically targeting the proinflammatory cytokines IL1B and IL1A. It protects against immune dysregulation and, crucially, prevents IL1 from triggering uncontrolled systemic inflammation in response to various innate stimulants, including pathogens. Animal-Free IL-1RA/IL-1RN Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-1RA/IL-1RN protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-1RA/IL-1RN Protein, Human (His) is 152 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.07 kDa.
TGF α/TGFA protein is a mitogenic polypeptide that binds to EGFR and acts synergistically with TGF β to promote anchorage-independent cell proliferation. Its interaction with MAGI3, SDCBP, and the SNTA1 PDZ domain, especially with SDCBP, is critical for efficient cell surface targeting. Animal-Free TGF alpha/TGFA Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeTGF alpha/TGFA protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free TGF alpha/TGFA Protein, Human (His) is 50 a.a., with molecular weight of ~6.49 kDa.
Nerve Growth Factor-β (Beta-NGF; NGF) is a neurotrophic factor that regulates neuronal survival and differentiation. NGF is also a seminal plasma protein involved in ovulation and luteinizing. NGF has potential functions in the female reproductive system to help overcome the current problem of early embryo loss. Animal-Free Beta-NGF Protein, Mouse (His) is produced by E.coli, with C-terminal His-tag.
IFN alpha 1a Protein, synthesized by macrophages, exhibits robust antiviral activities by stimulating key enzymes—a protein kinase and an oligoadenylate synthetase. This orchestrated molecular response enhances the host's immune defenses against viral threats. Animal-Free IFN alpha 1/IFNA1 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIFN alpha 1a protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
IL-1 alpha protein is an important cytokine found intracellularly in non-hematopoietic cells that bridges innate and adaptive immunity. Binds to IL1R1 and IL1RAP to form a high-affinity receptor complex, initiates signaling through MYD88, IRAK1 or IRAK4, and activates the NF-kappa-B and MAPK pathways. Animal-Free IL-1 alpha Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-1 alpha protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-1 alpha Protein, Mouse (His) is 156 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.93 kDa.
IL-10 protein is a key immunomodulator that, by binding to its heterotetrameric receptors (IL10RA and IL10RB), activates JAK1 and STAT2 (the latter phosphorylates STAT3), thereby triggering potent anti-inflammatory effects. Phosphorylated STAT3 translocates to the nucleus and promotes the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Animal-Free IL-10 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-10 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-10 Protein, Mouse (His) is 160 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.69 kDa.
IL-11 protein is a multifunctional cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells and induces megakaryocyte maturation to increase platelet production. It also contributes to liver cell proliferation in response to liver injury. Animal-Free IL-11 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-11 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-11 Protein, Mouse (His) is 178 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.96 kDa.
IL-7, a hematopoietic cytokine, regulates lymphocyte population and maintains lymphoid homeostasis. IL-7 binds to its receptor complex IL7RA and CSF2RG, activating kinases like JAK1 or JAK3 depending on the cell type. This triggers downstream signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR or JAK-STAT5, leading to various cellular responses. IL-7's interaction with IL7R and CSF2RG is crucial for its diverse effects. Animal-Free IL-7 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-7 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-9 is secreted by T helper 2 lymphocytes, mast cells, and NKT cells and plays an important role in antiparasitic immune responses, affecting intestinal permeability, adaptive immunity, and T cell subset differentiation.It promotes TH17 cell and mast cell proliferation through IL9R and IL2RG receptor activation, triggering JAK1 and JAK3 kinases and subsequent STAT-mediated transcription.Animal-Free IL-9 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-9 protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His labeled tag.
Midkine (MDK) is a multifunctional cytokine and growth factor that signals through cell surface proteoglycan and non-proteoglycan receptors.It affects inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, adhesion, survival, tissue regeneration, differentiation and migration.Animal-Free Midkine Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeMidkine protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-10 Protein, a key immune regulator, mitigates inflammation by binding to its receptor (IL10RA/IL10RB), activating JAK1 and STAT2, leading to STAT3-mediated anti-inflammatory gene expression. IL-10 targets APCs, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and hindering antigen presentation. It controls macrophage inflammation through metabolic reprogramming. Existing as a homodimer, IL-10 interacts with IL10RA/IL10RB. Animal-Free IL-10 Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeIL-10 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-10 Protein, Pig (His) is 157 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.1 kDa.
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is a pleiotropic ligand protein belonging to TNFβ family, and is involved in key embryonic development of vascular and valvular homeostasis. BMP-2 binds to type I receptors (ALK-2/-3/-6) and type II receptors (BMPR2, ACVR2A) to regulate various types of calcification, including atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and valve calcification. BMP-2 is overexpressed by myofibroblast and preosteoblast in the calcified area of human calcified valve, which are densely infiltrated by B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. BMP-2 is the junction between atherosclerotic vascular calcification and normal bone formation mechanism. BMP-2 Protein, Human/Mouse/Rat is 104 a.a. (Q283-R396), expressed in E. coli.
CNR2 Protein-VLP, a heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptor, crucially inhibits adenylate cyclase, mediating functions in inflammatory responses, nociceptive transmission, and bone homeostasis. Its modulation of cellular signaling underscores its significance in physiological processes, positioning CNR2 Protein-VLP as a key regulator in inflammatory, sensory mechanisms, and bone equilibrium. CNR2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived CNR2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of CNR2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 360 a.a., with molecular weight of 42.5 kDa.
YUAB is an important contributor to biofilm formation, self-polymerizing to form a hydrophobic layer with excellent stability and resistance to mechanical compression. YUAB is essential for complex colony structure, interacting synergistically with exopolysaccharides and TasA amyloid fibrils to facilitate biofilm matrix assembly. YUAB Protein, Bacillus subtilis (Cell-Free, His-SUMO) is the recombinant YUAB protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of YUAB Protein, Bacillus subtilis (Cell-Free, His-SUMO) is 181 a.a., with molecular weight of ~35.3 kDa.
KGF-2/FGF-10 proteins coordinate embryonic development, regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, and are indispensable in branching morphogenesis. This multifunctional protein may aid in wound healing. Animal-Free KGF-2/FGF-10 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeKGF-2/FGF-10 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His, C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free KGF-2/FGF-10 Protein, Human (His) is 169 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20.06 kDa.
IL-2 protein is mainly produced by activated CD4-positive helper T cells and plays an important role in immune response and tolerance. Binding to IL-2R induces downstream signaling through JAK1 and JAK3 phosphorylation, thereby activating various pathways, including STAT, PI3K, and MAPK. Animal-Free IL-2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-2 Protein, Human (His) is 133 a.a., with molecular weight of ~16.4 kDa.
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15; GDF9B), also known as growth differentiation factor 9B (GDF9B), is a polymorphic ligand protein of the TGFβ family and is only expressed in follicular cells. BMP15 is closely related to GDF9 and synergistically regulates the genetic development of follicles. BMP15 is involved in p38 MAPK and HIF-1α/SCF signaling pathway, respectively, and can up-regulate the expression of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) related stem cell factor (SCF) in granulosa cells. The total length of human BMP-15 protein is 392 amino acids (M1-R392), with 4 glycosylation domains. Animal-Free BMP-15 Protein, Human (His) has a total length of 125 amino acids (Q268-R392), is expressed in E. coli cells with a C-terminal His-tag.
Galectin-9/LGALS9 Protein acts as an eosinophil chemoattractant, recruiting and migrating eosinophils, key immune cells in inflammatory responses. It also serves as an angiogenesis inhibitor, regulating blood vessel formation and impacting vascular processes. Functioning as a regulatory modulator, Galectin-9/LGALS9 suppresses interferon-gamma (IFNG) production by natural killer cells, exerting control over immune signaling pathways. Animal-Free Galectin-9/LGALS9 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGalectin-9/LGALS9 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Galectin-9/LGALS9 Protein, Human (His) is 322 a.a., with molecular weight of ~36.7 kDa.
Glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a neurotrophic factor belongs to the GDNF family ligands (GFLs)., promotes survival of dopamine neurons. GDNF demonstrates a variety of neuroprotective roles for mammalian neurons. Animal-Free GDNF Protein, Human (His), a recombinant animal-free protein, is produced in E.coil with a C-Terminal His-tag. It consists of 134 amino acids (S78-I211).
Intrinsic factor (GIF) plays a crucial role in cobalamin (Cbl) absorption in the ileum. This well-coordinated process involves the interaction of the CBLIF-cobalamin complex with the Cubilin (CUBN) receptor, leading to internalization via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Animal-Free Intrinsic Factor/GIF Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIntrinsic Factor/GIF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-34 protein is an important cytokine that promotes proliferation, survival, and differentiation of monocytes and macrophages. It plays a key role in innate immunity and inflammation by promoting the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines. Animal-Free IL-34 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-34 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-20 protein is secreted by monocytes and skin keratinocytes and is a proinflammatory cytokine critical for immune responses, inflammatory regulation, hematopoiesis, and epidermal cell differentiation. It enhances tissue remodeling and wound healing, maintaining epithelial integrity during infection. Animal-Free IL-20 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-20 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
Interleukin 4 (IL-4) Protein is a pleiotropic cytokine secreted primarily by mast cells, T-cells, eosinophils, and basophils that plays a role in regulating antibody production, hematopoiesis and inflammation, and the development of effector T-cell responses.IL-4 participates in STAT6 signaling and regulates the expression of MHC II, IgE, IgG1 amd CD23.Animal-Free IL-4 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-4 protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
The IGF-I protein is structurally similar to insulin and has excellent growth-promoting activity. As a potential physiological regulator, it affects [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Animal-Free IGF-I Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeIGF-I protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IGF-I Protein, Pig (His) is 70 a.a., with molecular weight of ~8.59 kDa.
ATP5J2 protein is a component of mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (complex V), which uses the proton gradient established by the respiratory chain electron transport complex to help ADP synthesize ATP. ATP5J2 is located in the F(0) domain as a small subunit and cooperates with subunit a in the membrane. ATP5J2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived ATP5J2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of ATP5J2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 94 a.a., with molecular weight of 12.4 kDa.
TRAIL/TNFSF10 protein is a cytokine that binds to TNFRSF10A/TRAILR1, TNFRSF10B/TRAILR2, TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4, and possibly TNFRSF11B/OPG. It induces apoptosis, a process that can be mediated by binding to the decoy receptors TNFRSF10C/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D/TRAILR4, and TNFRSF11B/OPG, which lack the ability to induce apoptosis. Animal-Free TRAIL/TNFSF10 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeTRAIL/TNFSF10 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free TRAIL/TNFSF10 Protein, Human (His) is 168 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20.33 kDa.
IL-16 is a modulator in inflammatory processes and tumorigenesis. IL16 can bind to the CD4 molecule and activate monocytes and stimulates the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Besides, IL16 can induce expression of IL2Rα and β, and synergize with IL2 to augment CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation. IL16 can induce migration in CD4+ lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils as a chemoattractant factor. Animal-Free IL-16 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-16 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
The GDF-5 protein is critical in bone and cartilage formation, complexly regulating chondrogenic tissue differentiation through dual pathways. It positively affects cartilage formation by inducing SMAD protein signaling by binding to BMPR1B and BMPR1A. Animal-Free GDF-5 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGDF-5 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free GDF-5 Protein, Human (His) is 120 a.a., with molecular weight of ~14.52 kDa.
The EpCAM/TROP1 protein serves as an important homogeneous interacting molecule that promotes direct contact between intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the mucosal epithelium. This feature helps establish an immune barrier against mucosal infections. Animal-Free EpCAM/TROP1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeEpCAM/TROP1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free EpCAM/TROP1 Protein, Human (His) is 242 a.a., with molecular weight of ~28.36 kDa.
GRO-alpha/CXCL1 protein attracts neutrophils and potentially contributes to inflammation through autocrine effects on endothelial cells. Processed forms of GRO-alpha, including GRO-alpha(4-73), GRO-alpha(5-73), and GRO-alpha(6-73), exhibit 30-fold greater chemotactic activity than the full-length protein. Animal-Free GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGRO-alpha/CXCL1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Human (His) is 73 a.a., with molecular weight of ~8.67 kDa.
FGF-12, vital for nervous system development, positively regulates voltage-gated sodium channels, particularly SCN8A, enhancing neuronal excitability. It achieves this by elevating the voltage dependence of SCN8A fast inactivation. FGF-12 interacts specifically with the C-terminal region of SCN9A. Animal-Free FGF-12 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-12 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FGF-12 Protein, Human (His) is 181 a.a., with molecular weight of ~21.23 kDa.
FLT3LG Proteinas, a potent stimulator of early hematopoietic cell proliferation, activates FLT3 and synergizes with colony-stimulating factors and interleukins. As a homodimer, especially in isoform 2, it crucially promotes expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. FLT3LG's collaborative signaling with other molecules underscores its significance in regulating hematopoiesis and maintaining hematopoietic system balance. Animal-Free FLT3LG Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFLT3LG protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FLT3LG Protein, Human (His) is 155 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.6 kDa.
Galectin-12 protein exhibits lactose binding, indicating affinity for specific carbohydrate moieties. Some people believe that Galectin-12 may contribute to adipocyte apoptosis, suggesting that it plays a role in the regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis and programmed cell death. Animal-Free Galectin-12 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGalectin-12 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
IL-25/IL-17E cytokines are produced by eosinophils, Th2 cells, and epithelial cells and critically regulate the adaptive immune response by modulating cytokine production. It enhances local and systemic type 2 helper T cell responses through its IL17RA and IL17RB receptors and activates the JAK2-STAT5A pathway. Animal-Free IL-25/IL-17E Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-25/IL-17E protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
VEGF145 Protein, with limited expression, exhibits specialized distribution and is not broadly present in tissues. Its restricted occurrence implies a specific, context-dependent role in physiological processes. Further research is needed to unveil the specific cellular contexts and functions where VEGF145 actively participates, providing insights into its potential contributions to localized biological activities. Animal-Free VEGF165 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeVEGF165 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free VEGF165 Protein, Human (His) is 165 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20.11 kDa.
IL-17A protein is an important effector cytokine that activates the NF-kappa-B and MAPkinase pathways through the IL17RA-IL17RC receptor complex to protect host tissues from microbial threats. As a key Th17 cytokine, IL-17A mediates neutrophil activation, chemotaxis, and contributes to germinal center formation. Animal-Free IL-17A Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-17A protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-17A Protein, Mouse (His) is 133 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.92 kDa.
Interleukin-25 (IL-25), also known as IL-17E, belongs to the IL-17 cytokine family. IL-25 activates NF-κB, MAPKs and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. IL-25 exerts singal transduction through receptors composed of IL17RA and IL17RB. Animal-Free IL-25/IL-17E Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-25/IL-17E protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-25/IL-17E Protein, Mouse (His) is 153 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.41 kDa.
Animal-Free IFN-lambda 2/IL-28A Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIFN-lambda 2/IL-28A protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IFN-lambda 2/IL-28A Protein, Mouse (His) is 174 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20.61 kDa.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) is a polymorphic ligand protein belonging to the TGF-β family, which is involved in the circulation of the vascular system and can activate receptors on vascular cells. BMP-4 binds to type I receptors (ALK-2/-3/-6) and type II receptors (BMPR2, ACVR2A) to increase plaque formation and promote oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and osteogenic differentiation through its pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic effects. Animal-Free BMP-4 Protein, Pig (His) has a total length of 182 amino acids (R43-C224), is expressed in E. coli cells with C-terminal His-tag.
The CXCL13 protein is a member of the intercrine α family and is critical for chemokines involved in intercellular communication and immune responses. In this family, CXCL13 may play a key role in regulating inflammatory processes and influencing cellular interactions. Animal-Free CXCL13 Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeCXCL13 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free CXCL13 Protein, Pig (His) is 88 a.a., with molecular weight of ~10.81 kDa.
The M-CSF protein is an important cytokine that modulates hematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, affecting innate immunity and inflammation through the release of proinflammatory chemokines. It is essential for osteoclast proliferation and regulates bone resorption, bone development and fertility. M-CSF Protein, Human (Tag free, HEK293) is the recombinant human-derived M-CSF protein, expressed by HEK293 , with tag free. The total length of M-CSF Protein, Human (Tag free, HEK293) is 158 a.a., with molecular weight (glycosylation form) of 23-28 kDa.
The OPRM1 protein serves as a receptor for endogenous and synthetic opioids and undergoes conformational changes upon agonist binding, activating downstream signaling pathways. This includes coupling to G proteins, thereby regulating adenylyl cyclase, calcium channels, potassium channels, and intracellular signaling pathways. OPRM1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived OPRM1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of OPRM1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 400 a.a., with molecular weight of 47.6 kDa.
TNF-α/TNFSF2 protein is secreted by macrophages, binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR, induces tumor cell death and acts as a pyrogen.It is associated with cachexia, stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and induces insulin resistance in adipocytes, leading to TNF-induced insulin resistance.Animal-Free TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeTNF-alpha/TNFSF2 protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His, C-His labeled tag.
The BMP-13/GDF-6 protein is a key growth factor that regulates retinal protrusions, apoptosis, and dorsal-ventral positional information and is essential for the formation of the retinal tectum pattern. It is integral to the bones and joints of the limbs, skull, fingers and axial skeleton during skeletal development, shaping species-specific skeletal evolution. Animal-Free BMP-13/GDF-6 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeBMP-13/GDF-6 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free BMP-13/GDF-6 Protein, Human (His) is 120 a.a., with molecular weight of ~14.50 kDa.
The PF-4/CXCL4 protein released during platelet aggregation has a crucial impact on physiological processes. It neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of heparin with higher affinity than chondroitin 4-sulfate chains. Animal-Free PF-4/CXCL4 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreePF-4/CXCL4 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free PF-4/CXCL4 Protein, Human (His) is 70 a.a., with molecular weight of ~8.58 kDa.
MIG, also known as CXCL9 protein, occurs as a cytokine that affects the growth, movement, or activation state of cells involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Specifically, it acts as a potent chemoattractant for activated T cells, coordinating their migration. Animal-Free MIG/CXCL9 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeMIG/CXCL9 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free MIG/CXCL9 Protein, Human (His) is 103 a.a., with molecular weight of ~12.53 kDa.
IL-24 protein, produced by T-cells, regulates immune responses, tissue homeostasis, defense, and oncogenesis. It induces type I interferon response in influenza infection, signaling through IL20RA/IL20RB or IL20RB/IL22RA1 receptor complexes to stimulate JAK1-STAT3 and MAPK pathways. IL-24 promotes secretion of IL8 and MMP1, maintains ER homeostasis, and serves as a quality control mechanism for the ubiquitin proteasome system. Animal-Free IL-24 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-24 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
Latent transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-beta-3) preprotein serves as a precursor to latency-associated peptide (LAP) and active TGF-beta-3 chains, which serve as regulatory and functional subunits. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the latent state of TGF-β-3 within the extracellular matrix. Animal-Free TGF beta 3/TGFB3 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeTGF beta 3/TGFB3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free TGF beta 3/TGFB3 Protein, Human (His) is 112 a.a., with molecular weight of ~13.66 kDa.
The CXCL16 protein has multiple functions, inducing chemotactic responses and initiating calcium mobilization. As a ligand, it binds to CXCR6/Bonzo and promotes cell signaling. Animal-Free CXCL16 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeCXCL16 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free CXCL16 Protein, Mouse (His) is 175 a.a., with molecular weight of ~10.74 kDa.
HMGB1, or high mobility group box 1, is a protein that plays a role in various cellular processes. It has different functionalities depending on its redox state and location within the cell. Animal-Free HMGB1/HMG-1 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeHMGB1/HMG-1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free HMGB1/HMG-1 Protein, Mouse (His) is 215 a.a., with molecular weight of ~25.56 kDa.
IL-13 protein is a cytokine involved in allergic inflammation, immune response to parasites, and B cell proliferation. Animal-Free IL-13 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-13 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-13 Protein, Mouse (His) is 110 a.a., with molecular weight of ~13.06 kDa.
IL-6 protein is involved in various functions such as immunity, tissue regeneration and metabolism.Animal-Free IL-6 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-6 protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
EDNRB/Endothelin R Type B Protein, a non-specific receptor for endothelin 1, 2, and 3, activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system through G proteins. This mechanism underscores its pivotal role in mediating cellular responses initiated by endothelin neuropeptides, emphasizing the versatility of EDNRB in transducing signals for various physiological processes. EDNRB/Endothelin R Type B Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived EDNRB/Endothelin R Type B protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free, with C-10*His labeled tag. The total length of EDNRB/Endothelin R Type B Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 416 a.a., with molecular weight of 50.3 kDa.
ADRB2 protein is an important member of the β-adrenergic receptor family and mediates catecholamine-induced adenylyl cyclase activation through G protein action. It has 30 times greater affinity for epinephrine and plays a crucial role in cellular responses to sympathetic nervous system stimulation. ADRB2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His, SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived ADRB2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-6*His, N-SUMO labeled tag and G16R, E27Q mutation. The total length of ADRB2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His, SUMO) is 413 a.a., with molecular weight of 65 kDa.
The oleosin L protein plays a structural role in stabilizing liposomes during seed drying, preventing oil coalescence and affecting liposome integrity. Its potential interactions with lipid and phospholipid moieties suggest the involvement of multiple molecules. Oleosin L Protein, Sesamum indicum (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant Oleosin L protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of Oleosin L Protein, Sesamum indicum (Cell-Free, His) is 145 a.a., with molecular weight of 16.7 kDa.
FGF-2 is a member of the fibroblast family involved in bone healing, cartilage repair, bone repair, and nerve regeneration. FGF-2 is also a mitotic promoter that accelerates cell proliferation. FGF-2 regulates immune processes by specifically targeting tyrosine kinase receptors and activating the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway. For example, FGF-2 is involved in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to regulate cartilage metabolism and also activates ERK signaling to promote cartilage regeneration. FGF-2 combined with FGFR1/3 promoted degeneration and repair of articular cartilage, respectively. FGF-2 is also a known carcinogen in GBM, which contributes to glioma growth and vascularization.Animal-Free FGF basic/bFGF Protein, Human (154a.a), consists of 154 amino acids, produced by E.coli with tag free.
MIP-1 alpha/CCL3 protein, a monokine with inflammatory and chemokinetic properties, binds to CCR1, CCR4, and CCR5 receptors. Produced by CD8+ T-cells, it inhibits various strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, MIP-1 alpha/CCL3 self-associates and forms a heterodimer with MIP-1-beta(3-69). Animal-Free MIP-1 alpha/CCL3 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeMIP-1 alpha/CCL3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His. The total length of Animal-Free MIP-1 alpha/CCL3 Protein, Human (His) is 66 a.a., with molecular weight of ~7.43 kDa.
FGF-2 is a member of the fibroblast family involved in bone healing, cartilage repair, bone repair, and nerve regeneration. FGF-2 is also a mitotic promoter that accelerates cell proliferation. FGF-2 regulates immune processes by specifically targeting tyrosine kinase receptors and activating the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway. For example, FGF-2 is involved in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to regulate cartilage metabolism and also activates ERK signaling to promote cartilage regeneration. FGF-2 combined with FGFR1/3 promoted degeneration and repair of articular cartilage, respectively. FGF-2 is also a known carcinogen in GBM, which contributes to glioma growth and vascularization.Animal-Free FGF basic/bFGF Protein, Human (154a.a, His), consists of 154 amino acids, produced by E.coli with tag free.
Galectin-4/LGALS4 is a lactose-binding galectin protein with affinity for a variety of sugars. It is associated with the formation of adherens junctions, suggesting its potential role in cell adhesion processes. Animal-Free Galectin-4/LGALS4 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGalectin-4/LGALS4 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Galectin-4/LGALS4 Protein, Human (His) is 322 a.a., with molecular weight of ~36.8 kDa.
MIP-1 alpha/CCL3 protein, a monokine, displays inflammatory, pyrogenic, and chemokinetic properties.It induces potent chemotaxis in eosinophils and activates calcium release in neutrophils via high-affinity receptor binding.Animal-Free MIP-1 alpha/CCL3 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeMIP-1 alpha/CCL3 protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His, N-His labeled tag.
The CD70 protein is an important member of the tumor necrosis factor family and plays a crucial role in immune regulation and cellular responses.Its study enhances our understanding of immune regulation, providing potential applications for immunoassays and therapeutics.Animal-Free CD70 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeCD70 protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His, N-His labeled tag.
BMP-8 is a pleiotropic ligand protein act as a reproductive system regulator, enriched in the ovary. BMP-8 is encoded by a pair of genes BMP8A and BMP8B, belonging to TNF-β family. BMP-8B is secreted by brown/beige adipocytes and enhances energy dissipation, serves as a potential targets in obesity. BMP-8B also caspase-3 and -9 activation in pancreatic cancer cell, as well as decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential to induce apoptosis. BMP-8b Protein, Human is 402 a.a. with 2 glycosylation domains. Animal-Free BMP-8a Protein, Human (His) is a animal free recombinant human protein produced in E. coli cells, with 139 a.a. (A264-H402) and N-terminal His-tag.
CDNF (cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor) functions as an important trophic factor, providing unique support to dopamine neurons. Its protective effect has a clear role in preventing 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Animal-Free CDNF Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeCDNF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-17B Proteinas, crucial in cellular signaling, induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, and IL-1β from THP-1 monocytic cells.Its role in regulating immune responses and inflammatory processes underscores its potential significance in mediating crosstalk between immune cells, contributing to overall immune homeostasis.Animal-Free IL-17B Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-17B protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
The IL-26/AK155 monomeric protein may play a crucial role in mucosal immunity, and its proinflammatory functions are associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Functionally, it activates various signaling pathways, induces the expression of immune mediators, and reduces intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. Animal-Free IL-26/AK155 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-26/AK155 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-26/AK155 Protein, Human (His) is 150 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.53 kDa.
IL-7 protein is an important hematopoietic cytokine that is essential for the development, expansion and survival of T cells and B cells, regulating mature lymphocyte populations and maintaining lymphatic homeostasis. IL-7 interacts with IL7RA and CSF2RG subunits, activates kinases, including JAK1 or JAK3, and initiates signaling cascades, such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR or JAK-STAT5 pathway. Animal-Free IL-7 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-7 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-9 protein, secreted by T-helper 2 lymphocytes, mast cells, or NKT cells, regulates immune response against parasites, intestinal permeability, and adaptive immunity. It induces differentiation of TH17 cells and mast cell proliferation through IL9R and IL2RG receptor stimulation, activating JAK1, JAK3, STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5. IL-9's diverse effects are mediated by its interaction with IL9R subunit and IL2RG. Animal-Free IL-9 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-9 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-9 Protein, Human (His) is 126 a.a., with molecular weight of ~14.93 kDa.
The M-CSF protein regulates macrophage production, differentiation, and function. It exists as an active disulfide-linked homodimer outside of cells, generated through proteolytic cleavage. It may also play a role in placental development. Alternative splicing produces multiple transcript variants. M-CSF is widely expressed in tissues such as placenta, spleen, and 25 other tissues. Animal-Free M-CSF Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeM-CSF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free M-CSF Protein, Human (His) is 232 a.a., with molecular weight of ~13.34 kDa.
IL-1 beta protein is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine and major endogenous pyrogen that induces immune cell effects such as prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil activation, T- and B-cell activation, and fibroblast proliferation . It promotes Th17 differentiation and synergizes with IL12 to promote Th1 IFNG synthesis. Animal-Free IL-1 beta Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-1 beta protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-1 beta Protein, Mouse (His) is 152 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.3 kDa.
The APH1A protein is a noncatalytic subunit of the γ-secretase complex and is essential for the assembly of this endoprotease. The γ-secretase complex, including presenilin homodimer, nicastrin, APH1A, and PSENEN/PEN2, catalyzes the cleavage of intramembrane proteins such as Notch and APP. APH1A Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His, SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived APH1A protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-6*His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of APH1A Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His, SUMO) is 247 a.a., with molecular weight of 42.9 kDa.
The TRPML1 protein is a nonselective cation channel that regulates membrane trafficking and metal homeostasis. It promotes the release of Ca(2+) in late endosomes and lysosomes, affecting organelle fusion, exocytosis and autophagy. MCOLN1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived MCOLN1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of MCOLN1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 580 a.a., with molecular weight of 66.5 kDa.
NPY2R, the neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) receptors, exhibit different affinities for pancreatic peptides. Preferences in descending order include PYY > NPY > PYY (3-36) > NPY (2-36) > [Ile-31, Gln-34] PP > [Leu-31, Pro-34] NPY > PP, [ Pro -34] PYY and NPY free acids. NPY2R Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived NPY2R protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of NPY2R Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 381 a.a., with molecular weight of 48.8 kDa.
IL-18 protein is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in epithelial barrier repair and immune response regulation by polarizing T helper 1 (Th1) cells and natural killer (NK) cells. After binding to IL18R1 and IL18RAP receptors, IL-18 forms a signaling ternary complex, activates NF-κ-B, and induces inflammatory mediators. IL-18 Protein, Mouse (Tag Free) is the recombinant mouse-derived IL-18 protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free.
Annexin A5 (ANXA5) protein acts as an anticoagulant, indirectly inhibiting the thromboplastin-specific complex in the coagulation cascade. ANXA5 exists as a monomer and its role is not limited to coagulation regulation, but also has binding interactions involving ATRX and EIF5B, suggesting its involvement in a variety of cells. Animal-Free Annexin A5/ANXA5 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeAnnexin A5/ANXA5 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Annexin A5/ANXA5 Protein, Human (His) is 320 a.a., with molecular weight of ~36.75 kDa.
As a ligand of CD27, CD70 protein is an indispensable part of T cell immune coordination and is of particular importance in antiviral responses. The CD70-CD27 pathway emerged as a key player that contributes to the generation and maintenance of T cell-mediated immune responses. Animal-Free CD70 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeCD70 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free CD70 Protein, Human (His) is 155 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.08 kDa.
SCF proteins are ligands for the KIT receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase and regulate a variety of cellular processes, including survival, proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration, and melanogenesis. Binding to KIT activates signaling pathways involving PIK3R1, AKT1, GRB2, RAS, RAF1, MAP kinase, STAT family members, and PLCG1, producing diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Animal-Free SCF Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeSCF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) is a polymorphic ligand protein belonging to the TGF-β family, which is involved in the circulation of the vascular system and can activate receptors on vascular cells. BMP-4 binds to type I receptors (ALK-2/-3/-6) and type II receptors (BMPR2, ACVR2A) to increase plaque formation and promote oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and osteogenic differentiation through its pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic effects. Animal-Free BMP-4 Protein, Mouse (His) has a total length of 106 amino acids (K303-R408), is expressed in E. coli cells with C-terminal His-tag.
The IP-10/CRG-2/CXCL10 protein is a proinflammatory cytokine that regulates immune cells, cell growth, apoptosis, and vasostatic effects. It is critical during viral infection by binding to CXCR3 to activate immune cells and migrate them to the site of infection. Animal-Free IP-10/CRG-2/CXCL10 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIP-10/CRG-2/CXCL10 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IP-10/CRG-2/CXCL10 Protein, Mouse (His) is 77 a.a., with molecular weight of ~9.47 kDa.
MIP-2/CXCL2 protein selectively attracts polymorphonuclear leukocytes without inducing chemotaxis or oxidative burst.Its chemotactic function coordinates the directional migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and contributes to their recruitment in response to inflammatory signals.Animal-Free MIP-2/CXCL2 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeMIP-2/CXCL2 protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His labeled tag.
GM-CSF Protein, a renowned cytokine, promotes the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, and erythrocytes. Operating as a monomer, it interacts with the GM-CSF receptor complex. This complex, comprising two head-to-head hexamers with two alpha, two beta, and two ligand subunits, forms a dodecamer structure. Animal-Free GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeGM-CSF protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free GM-CSF Protein, Mouse (His) is 124 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.1 kDa.
The IGF-II protein plays a crucial role in glucose-mediated insulin secretion, acting together with insulin as a physiological amplifier. Furthermore, it exhibits osteogenic properties by enhancing osteoblast mitotic activity through phosphorylation of MAPK1 and MAPK3. Animal-Free IGF-II Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIGF-II protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IGF-II Protein, Mouse (His) is 67 a.a., with molecular weight of ~8.20 kDa.
LIGHT/TNFSF14 protein (CD258; TNFRSF14) is a type II transmembrane protein produced by activated T cells. It is a TNFRSF14/HVEM ligand and belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. LIGHT/TNFSF14 is mainly expressed in spleen, with two subtypes: membrane-bound type and soluble type . LIGHT/TNFSF14 protein can be used as immune checkpoint molecule of tumor, and stimulate natural killer cells to produce interferon TFNγ, triggering tumor apoptosis signal . LIGHT/TNFSF14 is also involved in the dominant LTβR-NIK-p52 NF-κB pathway promoting the expression of inflammatory gene. In addition, LIGHT/TNFSF14 protein is a co-stimulatory factor that activates lymphoid cells and has an inhibitory effect on herpes virus infection. Mouse LIGHT/TNFSF14 Protein has 239 amino acids and a transmembrane domain (38-58 a.a.). Animal-Free LIGHT/TNFSF14 Protein, Mouse (His) is the extracellular part (R58-V239) of mouse LIGHT/TNFSF14 Protein, produced by E.coli, with C-terminal His-tag.
Enterokinase proteins play a key role in initiating the activation of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes, including trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase A. Its catalytic function converts trypsinogen to trypsin, triggering the cascade activation of chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase, and tropoelastin. Animal-Free Enterokinase Protein, Bovine (His) is the recombinant bovine-derived Enterokinase, expressed by P. pastoris , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Enterokinase Protein, Bovine (His) is 235 a.a.,
The ATP1B1 protein is a noncatalytic component that forms a heterodimer with the α subunit and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis and Na(+) and K(+) ion exchange across the plasma membrane. These heterodimers critically regulate sodium pumping at the plasma membrane, affecting ion balance. ATP1B1 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived ATP1B1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of ATP1B1 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is 304 a.a., with predicted molecular weight of 36.7 kDa.
OPN1LW protein, crucial for vision, is a vital element of visual pigments responsible for light absorption. The pigments consist of opsin, forming a covalent bond with cis-retinal. This molecular mechanism is indispensable for perceiving light stimuli in vision. OPN1LW Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived OPN1LW protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of OPN1LW Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 364 a.a., with molecular weight of 43.4 kDa.
Animal-Free Neurotrophin-3 Protein, Human is a recombinant Neurotrophin-3 protein expressed in E. coli system. Neurotrophin-3 is widely expressed in the nervous system. Neurotrophin-3 reduces cellular damage, improves neuronal regeneration in different models of lesions.
IL-1 beta Protein, Canine (Tag free) is the recombinant canine-derived IL-1 beta, expressed by E. coli , with tag Free labeled tag. The total length of IL-1 beta Protein, Canine (Tag free) is 152 a.a.,
TNF-α/TNFSF2 protein is a macrophage-secreted cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR, inducing tumor cell death and acting as a pyrogen. It is associated with cachexia and stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation. Animal-Free TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeTNF-alpha/TNFSF2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Human (His) is 157 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.3 kDa.
IL-1 alpha protein is located in cells and is a key cytokine connecting innate immunity and adaptive immunity. After binding to IL1R1 through IL1RAP, it forms a high-affinity receptor complex, initiates a signaling cascade with adapter molecules such as MYD88, IRAK1 or IRAK4, and activates the NF-kappa-B and MAPK pathways. Animal-Free IL-1 alpha Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-1 alpha protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-1 alpha Protein, Human (His) is 159 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.99 kDa.
IL-23 and IL12B together constitute the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-23, which is crucial in innate and adaptive immunity. IL-23 is released by antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells or macrophages, binds to IL12RB1 and IL23R, and activates JAK2 and TYK2. Animal-Free IL-23 alpha Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-23 p19 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
The IL-5 Protein, predominantly expressed by T-lymphocytes and NK cells, is crucial for eosinophil survival, differentiation, and chemotaxis. It also affects B-cells, inducing immunoglobulin production, growth, and differentiation. IL-5 Protein activates kinases like LYN, SYK, and JAK2, which signal through RAS-MAPK and JAK-STAT5 pathways. It exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer and interacts with IL5RA and CSF2RB subunits. Animal-Free IL-5 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-5 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-5 Protein, Human (His) is 115 a.a., with molecular weight of ~14.09 kDa.
TWEAK Protein refers to the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis, belongs to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. TWEAK protein binds to FN14 and TNRFSF12/APO3, is a weak inducer of apoptosis. TWEAK does have pro-apoptotic activity for tumor cell, mediates NF-kappa-B activation, promotes angiogenesis and the proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs). TWEAK also increases IL-6 and IL-8 secretion, and could potentiate the pro-inflammatory activities of TNF and IL-1. Human TWEAK protein is a type II transmembrane protein (M1-H249) with a transmembrane domain (22-42 a.a.). Animal-Free TWEAK/TNFSF12 Protein, Human (His) is the extracellular part (K97-H249) of TWEAK protein, produced by E. coli with C-terminal His-tag.
IL-1F10/IL-38 proteins regulate immune responses. Animal-Free IL-1F10/IL-38 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-1F10/IL-38 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-1F10/IL-38 Protein, Mouse (His) is 152 a.a., with molecular weight of ~17.89 kDa.
IL-1 beta protein is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that initiates various immune responses, including prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil recruitment, T cell cytokine production, B cell activation, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen produce. It promotes Th17 differentiation, synergizes with IL12 to promote IFNG synthesis by Th1 cells, and induces angiogenesis together with TNF and IL6. Animal-Free IL-1 beta Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeIL-1 beta protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-1 beta Protein, Pig (His) is 153 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.51 kDa.
Animal-Free IL-3 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. , has molecular weight of ~16 kDa.
TRAIL/TNFSF10 protein binds to TNFRSF10A, TNFRSF10B, TNFRSF10C, TNFRSF10D, and possibly TNFRSF11B, inducing apoptosis.It can be modulated by decoy receptors TNFRSF10C, TNFRSF10D, and TNFRSF11B, which do not induce apoptosis.TRAIL/TNFSF10 exists as a homotrimer, interacting with its receptor monomers.This complex molecular interaction governs apoptotic signaling pathways.Animal-Free TRAIL/TNFSF10 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeTRAIL/TNFSF10 protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
BMP-6 protein is a member of the TGF-β superfamily and is critical in various developmental processes including skeletal development. It acts as a key regulator of HAMP/hepcidin expression and iron metabolism via hemojuvelin/HJV. Animal-Free BMP-6 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeBMP-6 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free BMP-6 Protein, Human (His) is 117 a.a., with molecular weight of ~14.07 kDa.
GRO-beta/CXCL2 Protein, generated by activated monocytes and neutrophils, is prominently expressed at inflammatory sites. Notably, this chemokine, with hematoregulatory properties, suppresses hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation in vitro. GRO-beta(5-73) displays heightened hematopoietic activity, emphasizing its significant role in regulating hematopoiesis. Animal-Free GRO-beta/CXCL2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGRO-beta/CXCL2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free GRO-beta/CXCL2 Protein, Human (His) is 73 a.a., with molecular weight of ~8.7 kDa.
IFN-lambda 1/IL-29 protein is a multifaceted cytokine with antiviral, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. It plays a crucial role in antiviral host defense, especially in epithelial tissues. Animal-Free IFN-lambda 1/IL-29 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIFN-lambda 1/IL-29 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IFN-lambda 1/IL-29 Protein, Human (His) is 178 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20.70 kDa.
4-1BBL/TNFSF9 Protein, a cytokine, binds TNFRSF9, inducing proliferation in activated peripheral blood T-cells.It's implicated in activation-induced cell death (AICD) and contributes to cognate interactions between T-cells and B-cells/macrophages.Functioning as a homotrimer enhances its biological activity.Animal-Free 4-1BBL/TNFSF9 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-Free4-1BBL/TNFSF9 protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
The LIX/CXCL5 protein may recruit inflammatory cells to injured or infected tissues, suggesting a role in the immune response.Both GCP-2(1-78) and the more potent GCP-2(9-78) variant attract and activate neutrophils.Animal-Free LIX/CXCL5 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeLIX/CXCL5 protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His labeled tag.
FLT3LG Proteinas, a potent stimulator, activates FLT3, synergizing with colony-stimulating factors and interleukins. Its homodimeric form, especially in the soluble isoform, effectively promotes the expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. The protein's significance lies in orchestrating key processes within the hematopoietic system. Animal-Free FLT3LG Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeFLT3LG protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FLT3LG Protein, Mouse (His) is 162 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.3 kDa.
IL-3 protein is secreted by T lymphocytes, mast cells and osteoblasts.It plays an important regulatory role in hematopoietic progenitor cells and stimulates mature basophils, eosinophils and monocytes.In addition to hematopoiesis, it supports neuronal cell proliferation, survival, and bone homeostasis by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation.Animal-Free IL-3 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-3 protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
In its proprotein form, the TGF beta-1/TGFB1 protein serves as a precursor to latency-associated peptide (LAP) and active transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains.Critical to maintaining the latent state of TGF-β-1 within the extracellular matrix, preprotein interacts with “environmental molecules” such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP, and LRRC33/NRROS to regulate TGF-β-1 activation.Animal-Free TGF beta 1/TGFB1 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeTGF beta 1/TGFB1 protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
GPR65 Protein, a receptor for psychosine (PSY) and related glycosphingolipids, is vital in immune responses. It preserves lysosome function, aiding phagocytosis for intracellular bacteria clearance. GPR65's involvement in activation-induced cell death or T-cell differentiation suggests its potential regulatory role in immune processes. GPR65 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived GPR65 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of GPR65 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 337 a.a., with molecular weight of 40.8 kDa.
The large envelope protein has two conformations: “external” (Le-HBsAg) and “internal” (Li-HBsAg). In its external state, it mediates viral attachment, initiates infection, determines species specificity, and promotes viral particle internalization via caveolin-mediated endocytosis. Large envelope Protein, HBV-D (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant Virus-derived Large envelope protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of Large envelope Protein, HBV-D (Cell-Free, His) is 388 a.a., with molecular weight of Monomer:40 kDa
Dimer:80 kDa.
The RNF5 protein is a membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that is critical for ubiquitination of target proteins and can cooperate with UBE2D1/UBCH5A and UBE2D2/UBC4 to achieve ubiquitination over a broad substrate range. Notably, it mediates PXN/paxillin ubiquitination, affecting cell motility and cell positioning. RNF5 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived RNF5 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of RNF5 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 179 a.a., with molecular weight of27 kDa&54 kDa& 108 kDa.
The BCA-1/CXCL13 protein selectively attracts B lymphocytes without affecting T lymphocytes, monocytes, or neutrophils. Unlike other chemokines, it does not induce calcium release from B lymphocytes. Animal-Free BCA-1/CXCL13 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeBCA-1/CXCL13 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free BCA-1/CXCL13 Protein, Human (His) is 72 a.a., with molecular weight of ~9.49 kDa.
Fas Ligand (CD178; APTL) is a ligand to TNFRSF6/FAS/CD95, transduces the apoptotic signal to regulate cytotoxic T-cell-mediated apoptosis, natural killer cell-mediated apoptosis and in T-cell development. Human Fas Ligand exhibits 4 isoforms, the soluble form (130-281 a.a.) of which plays an important role in the activation-induced cell death (AICD) of T lymphocytes Jurkat cells. However the membrane-bound isoform could be responsible for its inflammatory activity. Animal-Free Fas Ligand Protein, Human (His) has a total length of 152 amino acids (Q130-L281), is expressed in E. coli with N-terminal His-tag.
Animal-Free FGF-5 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-5 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FGF-5 Protein, Human (His) is 241 a.a., with molecular weight of ~28.46 kDa.
The IFN-lambda 3/IL-28B protein is a multifaceted cytokine with antiviral, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities that plays a key role in antiviral host defense, particularly within epithelial tissues. Animal-Free IFN-lambda 3/IL-28B Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIFN-lambda 3/IL-28B protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IFN-lambda 3/IL-28B Protein, Human (His) is 175 a.a., with molecular weight of ~25.57 kDa.
PGA5 protein, with broad substrate specificity, prefers cleaving phenylalanine and leucine bonds but also shows the ability to cleave various other bonds to some extent. Animal-Free PGA5 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreePGA5 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free PGA5 Protein, Human (His) is 388 a.a., with molecular weight of ~42.80 kDa.
TPO/Thrombopoietin Protein, a lineage-specific cytokine, significantly influences megakaryocyte proliferation and maturation, particularly in late developmental stages from committed progenitor cells. It emerges as a potential major physiological regulator, underscoring its crucial role in the intricate orchestration of circulating platelets and emphasizing its importance in megakaryocyte biology and platelet formation. Animal-Free TPO/Thrombopoietin Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeTPO/Thrombopoietin protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free TPO/Thrombopoietin Protein, Human (His) is 174 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.6 kDa.
IL-17F Protein, a cytokine belonging to the IL-17 family, is produced using recombinant DNA technology without the use of animal-derived materials. It is involved in inflammatory responses and immune regulation. IL-17F Protein offers a safe and ethical alternative for research and therapeutic applications, addressing concerns related to animal-based production methods. Animal-Free IL-17F Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-17F protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-5 protein is expressed by T lymphocytes and NK cells and regulates eosinophils, affecting their survival, differentiation and chemotaxis.In addition, IL-5 stimulates immunoglobulin production, growth, and differentiation of activated and resting B cells.Animal-Free IL-5 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-5 protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
RSPO1 or R-spondin-1 activates the canonical Wnt pathway through ligand binding to the LGR4-6 receptor, forming a complex with phosphorylated LRP6 and Frizzled receptors. This interaction upregulates target gene expression. Animal-Free RSPO1/R-spondin-1 Protein, Human (243a.a, HEK293, His, SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeRSPO1/R-spondin-1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free RSPO1/R-spondin-1 Protein, Human (243a.a, HEK293, His, SUMO) is 243 a.a., with molecular weight of ~65 kDa.
CD64 protein, a high affinity receptor, mediates IgG effector functions, triggering antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). It interacts with IGHG1 and forms a signaling complex with FCERG1, contributing to immune responses. CD64 also interacts with FLNA, EPB41L2, LAT, PPL, HCK, and LYN to prevent degradation of FCGR1A and regulate immune function. CD64 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived CD64 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of CD64 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 359 a.a., with molecular weight of 46.9 kDa.
Bax Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived Bax, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of Bax Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 192 a.a.,
The MIF protein is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is critical for the innate immune response against bacterial pathogens. Its presence at sites of inflammation suggests a role in modulating macrophage function to promote host defense. Animal-Free MIF Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeMIF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free MIF Protein, Human (His) is 115 a.a., with molecular weight of ~13.28 kDa.
IL-18 protein is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in epithelial barrier repair and immune response regulation by polarizing T helper 1 (Th1) cells and natural killer (NK) cells. After binding to IL18R1 and IL18RAP receptors, IL-18 forms a signaling ternary complex, activates NF-κ-B, and induces inflammatory mediators. Animal-Free IL-18 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-18 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-18 Protein, Mouse (His) is 157 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.1 kDa.
APRIL protein (CD256) is a ligand in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family that can induce proliferation, regulate tumor cell growth, and may participate in mononuclear/macrophage-mediated immune process. APRIL protein is produced by myeloid cells and their precursors to accelerate cell maturation and peripheral rupture. APRIL protein has been widely used in the study of lymphatic malignancies. Human APRIL protein is a type II membrane protein with cytoplasmic domain, hydrophobic transmembrane domain and extracellular domain. Animal-Free APRIL/TNFSF13 Protein, Human (His) is produced by E. coli (A105-L250) with C-terminal His-tag.
The IP-10/CRG-2/CXCL10 protein is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in a variety of biological processes, including chemotaxis, immune cell activation, growth regulation, apoptosis, and vasostatic regulation. During viral infection, IP-10 crucially stimulates immune cell activation and migration to the site of infection. Animal-Free IP-10/CXCL10 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIP-10/CRG-2/CXCL10 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
The SDF-1 alpha/CXCL12 protein is a chemoattractant for immune cells. Animal-Free SDF-1 Beta/CXCL12 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeSDF-1 Beta/CXCL12 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free SDF-1 Beta/CXCL12 Protein, Human (His) is 65 a.a., with molecular weight of ~8.55 kDa.
The GCP-2/CXCL6 protein is a chemokine that eliminates pathogens by attracting neutrophils, basophils, and T cells and is an important mediator in inflammation. It activates neutrophils by binding to the G protein-coupled receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2, which are mainly expressed on neutrophils, monocytes, and endothelial cells. Animal-Free GCP-2/CXCL6 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGCP-2/CXCL6 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free GCP-2/CXCL6 Protein, Human (His) is 75 a.a., with molecular weight of ~8.97 kDa.
NAP-2/CXCL7 protein (LA-PF4) triggers DNA synthesis, mitosis, glycolysis, cAMP accumulation, and hyaluronic acid synthesis. It contributes to the formation of plasminogen activator in human synovial cells and acts as a CXCR1/CXCR2 ligand together with variants such as NAP-2 (73). Animal-Free NAP-2/CXCL7 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeNAP-2/CXCL7 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free NAP-2/CXCL7 Protein, Human (His) is 70 a.a., with molecular weight of ~8.43 kDa.
Galectin-10 Protein, pivotal in immune regulation, recognizes cell-surface glycans, inducing anergy and suppressing CD25-positive regulatory T-cells (Treg). Interacting with CEL, it modulates immune responses, highlighting its significance in orchestrating immunoregulatory cellular processes. Animal-Free Galectin-10 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGalectin-10 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Galectin-10 Protein, Human (His) is 141 a.a., with molecular weight of ~36.7 kDa.
IL-32 alpha Protein, a cytokine, potentially contributes to innate and adaptive immune responses. It induces TNFA/TNF-alpha and IL8, activating typical cytokine signal pathways, including NF-kappa-B and p38 MAPK. Animal-Free IL-32 alpha Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-32 alpha protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-32 alpha Protein, Human (His) is 131 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.72 kDa.
LIGHT/TNFSF14 protein (CD258; TNFRSF14) is a type II transmembrane protein produced by activated T cells. It is a TNFRSF14/HVEM ligand and belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. LIGHT/TNFSF14 is mainly expressed in spleen, with two subtypes: membrane-bound type and soluble type . LIGHT/TNFSF14 protein can be used as immune checkpoint molecule of tumor, and stimulate natural killer cells to produce interferon TFNγ, triggering tumor apoptosis signal . LIGHT/TNFSF14 is also involved in the dominant LTβR-NIK-p52 NF-κB pathway promoting the expression of inflammatory gene. In addition, LIGHT/TNFSF14 protein is a co-stimulatory factor that activates lymphoid cells and has an inhibitory effect on herpes virus infection. Human LIGHT/TNFSF14 Protein has 240 amino acids and a transmembrane domain (38-58 a.a.). Animal-Free LIGHT/TNFSF14 Protein, Human (His) is the extracellular part (R64-V240) of human LIGHT/TNFSF14 Protein, produced by E. coli, with C-terminal His-tag.
GRO-alpha (CXCL1) Protein, with chemotactic properties, attracts and activates neutrophils during inflammatory responses. This hematoregulatory chemokine also suppresses hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation, emphasizing its intricate role in hematopoiesis regulation. The truncated form KC(5-72) notably exhibits significantly enhanced hematopoietic activity in vitro. Animal-Free GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeGRO-alpha/CXCL1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free. The total length of Animal-Free GRO-alpha/CXCL1 Protein, Mouse (His) is 68 a.a., with molecular weight of ~7.45 kDa.
NAP-2/CXCL7 proteins are members of the intercrine alpha family and are associated with chemokines that regulate intercellular communication and immune responses. As part of this family, NAP-2/CXCL7 may regulate inflammatory processes and cellular interactions. Animal-Free NAP-2/CXCL7 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeNAP-2/CXCL7 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free NAP-2/CXCL7 Protein, Mouse (His) is 74 a.a., with molecular weight of ~8.93 kDa.
I-TAC/CXCL11 Protein exhibits broad expression, notably in the lung (RPKM 3.0), mixtures (RPKM 2.0), and seven other tissues. This widespread distribution suggests its integral role in diverse physiological processes across different organ systems, underscoring the protein's significance in various biological contexts. Animal-Free I-TAC/CXCL11 Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeI-TAC/CXCL11 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
The IL-1α/IL-1F1 protein is found intracellularly in most non-hematopoietic cells and plays a crucial role in mediating inflammation and linking innate and adaptive immunity. IL1RAP binds to IL1R1 to form a high-affinity receptor complex that activates cascades and pathways. Animal-Free IL-1 alpha/IL-1F1 Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeIL-1 alpha/IL-1F1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-1 alpha/IL-1F1 Protein, Pig (His) is 158 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.02 kDa.
TNF-α/TNFSF2 protein is a cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and has multiple biological functions. It has the ability to induce cell death in specific tumor cell lines, serves as a potent pyrogen, can cause fever through direct action or stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion, and is involved in the induction of cachexia. Animal-Free TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeTNF-alpha/TNFSF2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Pig (His) is 156 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.1 kDa.
ADTRP protein exhibits specialized enzymatic activity, specifically hydrolyzing bioactive fatty-acid esters of hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFAs), with a notable preference for branched FAHFAs. This unique function distinguishes ADTRP, as it does not hydrolyze other major lipid classes. Moreover, ADTRP regulates endothelial cells, influencing TFPI expression and cell-associated anticoagulant activity, observed in in vitro settings. ADTRP Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His, Myc) is the recombinant human-derived ADTRP protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His, C-Myc labeled tag. The total length of ADTRP Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His, Myc) is 230 a.a., with molecular weight of 31.8 kDa.
The multifunctional and redox-sensitive HMGB1/HMG-1 protein plays multiple roles in cellular compartments. In the nucleus, it serves as a major chromatin-associated non-histone protein involved in key processes such as replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair, and genome stability. Animal-Free HMGB1/HMG-1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeHMGB1/HMG-1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His, C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free HMGB1/HMG-1 Protein, Human (His) is 215 a.a., with molecular weight of ~25.70 kDa.
BAFF/TNFSF13B protein is a cytokine that binds to TNFRSF13B/TACI and TNFRSF17/BCMA, forming a key ligand-receptor pathway together with TNFSF13/APRIL. These interactions play a crucial role in stimulating B-cell and T-cell function and regulating humoral immunity. Animal-Free BAFF/TNFSF13B Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeBAFF/TNFSF13B protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
The multifunctional HMGB2/HMG-2 protein exhibits multiple cellular functions and may function in a redox-sensitive manner. In the nucleus, it acts as a chromatin-associated non-histone protein that is essential for transcription, chromatin remodeling and V(D)J reorganization. Animal-Free HMGB2/HMG-2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeHMGB2/HMG-2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free HMGB2/HMG-2 Protein, Human (His) is 209 a.a., with molecular weight of ~24.84 kDa.
IL-35 protein plays a key role in immune regulation, forming IL-12 cytokine with IL12B or IL-35 cytokine with EBI3/IL27B. IL-12 modulates T cell and natural killer cell responses and induces interferon gamma production. Animal-Free IL-12 alpha Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-12 alpha protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-12 alpha Protein, Human (His) is 197 a.a., with molecular weight of ~23.48 kDa.
IFN-lambda 2/IL-28A protein is a multifunctional cytokine with antiviral, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. It plays a key role in antiviral host defense, particularly within epithelial tissues. Animal-Free IFN-lambda 2/IL-28A Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIFN-lambda 2/IL-28A protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IFN-lambda 2/IL-28A Protein, Human (His) is 174 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20.60 kDa.
IL-30/IL-27A proteins cooperate with EBI3 to form IL-27, a key cytokine in innate immunity with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. IL-27 regulates T helper cell development, inhibits T cell proliferation and affects various immune cells, affects CD4 T helper cell differentiation and promotes rapid clonal expansion. Animal-Free IL-30/IL-27A Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-30/IL-27A protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-30/IL-27A Protein, Human (His) is 215 a.a., with molecular weight of ~25.47 kDa.
TNF-β protein acts as a homotrimeric cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1, TNFRSF1B/TNFBR, and TNFRSF14/HVEM. Animal-Free TNF-beta/TNFSF1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeTNF-beta/TNFSF1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free TNF-beta/TNFSF1 Protein, Human (His) is 171 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.65 kDa.
DCIP-1/CXCL3 Protein, a CXCR2 ligand, exhibits chemotactic activity for neutrophils, implicating its role in inflammation. It may autonomously affect endothelial cells. The protein's chemotactic activity implies a potential regulatory role in recruiting and activating neutrophils in response to inflammatory stimuli. Animal-Free DCIP-1/CXCL3 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeDCIP-1/CXCL3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free DCIP-1/CXCL3 Protein, Mouse (His) is 73 a.a., with molecular weight of ~8.72 kDa.
IL-12 alpha protein forms two cytokines: IL-12 and IL-35. It modulates T cell and natural killer cell responses, induces IFN-γ production, and promotes Th1 cell differentiation. Animal-Free IL-12 alpha Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-12 alpha protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-12 alpha Protein, Mouse (His) is 193 a.a., with molecular weight of ~22.65 kDa.
The CXCR4 protein functions as a receptor for the CXC chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1, triggering an increase in intracellular calcium ions and activation of MAPK1/MAPK3. It is actively involved in AKT signaling, which is critical for regulating cell migration, especially in wound healing. CXCR4 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived CXCR4 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of CXCR4 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 356 a.a., the molecular weight are 44 KDa (monomer), 100 KDa (dimer), whiel dimers are generally formed.
ADIPOR1 Protein, a receptor for adiponectin (ADIPOQ), crucially regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, maintaining homeostasis and healthy body weight. Upon ADIPOQ binding, ADIPOR1 activates AMPK, promoting fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake while inhibiting gluconeogenesis. ADIPOR1 interacts with APPL2, negatively regulating signaling, and with APPL1, enhancing ADIPOQ-induced recruitment and positive regulation of adiponectin signaling. ADIPOR1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free) is the recombinant human-derived ADIPOR1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with tag free. The total length of ADIPOR1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free) is 287 a.a., with molecular weight of 33.0 kDa.
In vitro experiments have demonstrated that the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 (SMPD2) protein plays a key role in catalyzing the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, leading to the formation of ceramide and phosphocholine. Furthermore, SMPD2 exhibits its enzymatic activity by hydrolyzing 1-O-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (hemolytic platelet-activating factor) in vivo. SMPD2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived SMPD2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of SMPD2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 423 a.a., with molecular weight of 49.1 kDa.
CD40L/CD154/TRAP proteins stimulate T cell proliferation and cytokine production, acting as ligands for integrins and CD40 receptors to activate various cell-dependent effects such as B cell activation and NF-κ-B signaling. Animal-Free CD40L/CD154/TRAP Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeCD40L/CD154/TRAP protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free CD40L/CD154/TRAP Protein, Human (His) is 154 a.a., with molecular weight of ~16.99 kDa.
The GRO-gama/CXCL3 Protein, acting as a CXCR2 ligand, induces chemotactic activity for neutrophils. It potentially influences inflammation through autocrine effects on endothelial cells. In vitro studies highlight the processed form GRO-gamma(5-73)'s fivefold increase in chemotactic activity for neutrophilic granulocytes, indicating a potential regulatory mechanism for neutrophil recruitment and function. Animal-Free GRO-gama/CXCL3 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGRO-gama/CXCL3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free GRO-gamma/CXCL3 Protein, Human (His) is 73 a.a., with molecular weight of ~8.67 kDa.
The FGF-11 isoform 1 protein is thought to play an important role in the development and function of the nervous system. Its presence indicates involvement in complex processes responsible for establishing and maintaining neural structure and activity. Animal-Free FGF-11 isoform 1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-11 isoform 1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FGF-11 isoform 1 Protein, Human (His) is 225 a.a., with molecular weight of ~25.81 kDa.
FGF-11 isoform 2 protein is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family, characterized by broad mitotic and cell survival activities, affecting embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, and tumor growth. Its specific function has not yet been determined, but the expression pattern of its mouse homolog suggests a role in nervous system development. Animal-Free FGF-11 isoform 2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-11 isoform 2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FGF-11 isoform 2 Protein, Human (His) is 166 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.34 kDa.
The OX40 ligand/TNFSF4 protein is a cytokine that selectively binds to TNFRSF4 and serves as a key costimulator for T cell proliferation and cytokine production.As a homotrimer, this ligand plays a key role in modulating immune responses, particularly in enhancing T cell activation and function.Animal-Free OX40 Ligand/TNFSF4 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeOX40 Ligand/TNFSF4 protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His labeled tag.
The IP-10/CRG-2/CXCL10 protein is part of the intercrine α family and functions as a chemokine involved in intercellular communication and immune responses. Further studies may contribute to the regulation of inflammatory processes and cellular interactions and will be critical to uncovering specific functions and effects within the broader CxC family of chemokines. Animal-Free IP-10/CXCL10 Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeIP-10/CRG-2/CXCL10 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
The MCR-1 protein may catalyze the addition of a phosphoethanolamine moiety to lipid A, which is associated with polymyxin resistance. This modification observed in E. coli expressing MCR-1 increased the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin and polymyxin B. MCR-1 Protein, E.coli (Cell-Free, His-SUMO) is the recombinant E. coli-derived MCR-1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with labeled tag. The total length of MCR-1 Protein, E.coli (Cell-Free, His-SUMO) is 541 a.a., the molecular weight are 80 KDa (monomer), 160 KDa (dimer), whiel dimers are generally formed.
The IFI27L2A protein critically regulates interferon-induced transcriptional activity, specifically NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3. Its interaction with XPO1 enhances the nuclear export of these receptors, with potential vascular effects on the injury response. IFI27L2A Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived IFI27L2A protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of IFI27L2A Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is 66 a.a., with molecular weight of 7.3 kDa.
KDELR2 Protein, a membrane receptor, crucially maintains endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins' localization. It binds the K-D-E-L sequence motif, retaining these proteins within the ER. This interaction facilitates vesicle-mediated recycling, ensuring proper subcellular localization through Golgi-to-ER protein return. KDELR2's pH-dependent binding, optimal at pH 5-5.4, underscores the regulatory role of pH in this vital cellular process. KDELR2 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived KDELR2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of KDELR2 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is 212 a.a., with molecular weight of 26.0 kDa.
IL-17B Proteinas, a key immune response regulator, stimulates THP-1 monocytic cells to release pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Its crucial role in orchestrating immune reactions and inflammatory pathways positions it as a potential modulator of immune homeostasis, making it a therapeutic intervention target for regulating inflammatory processes. Animal-Free IL-17B Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-17B protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His, C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-17B Protein, Mouse (His) is 160 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.99 kDa.
FGF-3 Protein orchestrates embryonic development, cell proliferation, and differentiation, crucial for normal ear development and tissue morphogenesis. Interactions with FGFR1 and FGFR2, along with heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans, underpin FGF-3's diverse functions. The potentiated binding affinity emphasizes the multifaceted nature of FGF-3 in shaping essential developmental processes through intricate molecular interactions. Animal-Free FGF-3 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FGF-3 Protein, Human (His) is 185 a.a., with molecular weight of ~21.99 kDa.
The HDGF protein acts as a transcriptional repressor and was previously thought to have mitogenic activity for fibroblasts and be a heparin-binding protein. However, recent studies have shown that it does not exhibit mitogenic activity for fibroblasts and does not bind heparin. Animal-Free HDGF Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeHDGF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
The LR3 IGF-I/IGF-1 protein is similar to insulin and has potent growth-promoting activity that exceeds the efficacy of insulin. As a potential physiological regulator, it stimulates glucose transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts even at significantly lower concentrations than insulin. Animal-Free IGF-I/IGF-1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIGF-I/IGF-1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
The IL-4 protein is primarily secreted by mast cells, T cells, eosinophils, and basophils and is critical for antibody production, hematopoiesis, and immune responses. It induces MHC class II expression on B cells, enhances IgE and IgG1 secretion, and modulates CD23 and IL31RA expression. Animal-Free IL-4 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-4 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
NAP-2/CXCL7 proteins are members of the intercrine alpha family and are associated with chemokines that regulate intercellular communication and immune responses. As part of this family, NAP-2/CXCL7 may regulate inflammatory processes and cellular interactions. Animal-Free NAP-2/CXCL7 Protein, Mouse (62a.a, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeNAP-2/CXCL7 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
HDGF Protein, a transcriptional repressor, promotes fibroblast mitogenic activity. Existing as a monomer or domain-swapped homodimer, it interacts with nuclear proteins NCL and YBX1/YB1. Animal-Free HDGF Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeHDGF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free HDGF Protein, Mouse (His) is 237 a.a., with molecular weight of ~27.08 kDa.
The IFN-lambda 3/IL-28B protein is a cytokine with antiviral, antitumor, and immunomodulatory properties that is critical for defense against viruses, especially in epithelial tissues. It acts as a ligand for IL10RB and IFNLR1 receptor complexes, activating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and inducing IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) into an antiviral state. Animal-Free IFN-lambda 3/IL-28B Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIFN-lambda 3/IL-28B protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-36 gamma/IL-1F9 protein activates NF-κB through IL1RL2 and promotes local inflammatory responses in the epithelial barrier. It affects keratinocytes, dendritic cells and T cells, promoting tissue infiltration, cell maturation and proliferation. Animal-Free IL-36 gamma/IL-1F9 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-36 gamma/IL-1F9 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-36 gamma/IL-1F9 Protein, Mouse (His) is 152 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.27 kDa.
TNFRSF12A Protein, a receptor for TNFSF12/TWEAK, exhibits a weak apoptosis-inducing ability in specific cells.It promotes angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation, and may modulate cellular adhesion to matrix proteins.In functional interactions, TNFRSF12A associates with TRAF1 and TRAF2, possibly with TRAF3, suggesting its involvement in signaling pathways contributing to diverse cellular processes.Animal-Free TNFRSF12A Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeTNFRSF12A protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
ADIPOR1 Protein, a receptor for adiponectin (ADIPOQ), crucially regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, maintaining homeostasis and healthy body weight. Upon ADIPOQ binding, ADIPOR1 activates AMPK, promoting fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake while inhibiting gluconeogenesis. ADIPOR1 interacts with APPL2, negatively regulating signaling, and with APPL1, enhancing ADIPOQ-induced recruitment and positive regulation of adiponectin signaling. ADIPOR1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His, Flag) is the recombinant human-derived ADIPOR1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-6*His, N-Flag labeled tag. The total length of ADIPOR1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His, Flag) is 287 a.a., with molecular weight of 34.8 kDa.
CMKLR1 protein is a receptor for chemerin/RARRES2 and resolvin E1, activating G protein and β-arrestin pathways when RARRES2 interacts. This triggers a cascade of reactions including calcium mobilization, MAP kinase phosphorylation, and PI3K activation, leading to various effects including reduced immune response, adipogenesis, and angiogenesis. CMKLR1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived CMKLR1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of CMKLR1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 373 a.a., with molecular weight of 45.1 kDa.
SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro/3C-like protease Protein (Tag Free) is the recombinant virus-derived SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro/3C-like protease, expressed by E. coli , with tag Free labeled tag. ,
CD30 ligand/TNFSF8 protein is a cytokine that specifically binds to TNFRSF8/CD30 and acts as a potent inducer of T cell proliferation. As a homotrimer, this ligand plays a crucial role in regulating T cell activation and growth, contributing to the dynamic coordination of immune responses. Animal-Free CD30 Ligand/TNFSF8 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeCD30 Ligand/TNFSF8 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free CD30 Ligand/TNFSF8 Protein, Human (His) is 172 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20.57 kDa.
I-TAC/CXCL11 protein selectively attracts interleukin-activated T-cells, inducing calcium release and binding to CXCR3 receptors. It does not attract unstimulated T-cells, neutrophils, or monocytes. This protein may play a role in T-cell recruitment in central nervous system diseases and skin immune responses. It also interacts with TNFAIP6, potentially modulating inflammatory processes. Animal-Free I-TAC/CXCL11 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeI-TAC/CXCL11 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free I-TAC/CXCL11 Protein, Human (His) is 73 a.a., with molecular weight of ~9.11 kDa.
IL-1RN protein serves as an anti-inflammatory antagonist, targeting proinflammatory cytokines IL1B and IL1A within the interleukin-1 family. Playing a protective role, it prevents immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation induced by IL1, particularly in response to innate stimulatory agents. IL-1RN's regulatory activity contributes to a balanced immune response, safeguarding the host from the detrimental effects of excessive inflammation. Animal-Free IL-1RA/IL-1RN Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-1RA/IL-1RN protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
The IL-27 protein together with IL23A forms IL-23 interleukin, a key cytokine in innate and adaptive immunity. It is associated with infection responses, binds to IL12RB1 and IL23R receptor complexes, and activates Jak-Stat signaling. Animal-Free IL-27 beta EBI3 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-27 EBI3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-2 is produced by antigen-activated CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells and NKT cells. IL-2 is involved in signaling pathways including JAK/STAT, inosine phosphate 3-kinase /PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase /MAPK. IL-2 can be used in the research of cancer immunotherapy. Animal-Free IL-2 Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeIL-2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-2 Protein, Pig (His) is 134 a.a., with molecular weight of ~16.2 kDa.
CXCR2 protein acts as a receptor for interleukin-8 and induces neutrophil activation through the G protein-mediated phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. In addition to IL-8, CXCR2 also exhibits high-affinity binding to ligands such as CXCL3, GRO/MGSA, and NAP-2. CXCR2 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived CXCR2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of CXCR2 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is 359 a.a., with molecular weight of 43.2 kDa.
Animal-Free FGF-8b Protein, Human/Mouse (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-8b protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free FGF-8b Protein, Human (His) is 183 a.a., with molecular weight of ~22.14 kDa.
FGF-2 is a member of the fibroblast family involved in bone healing, cartilage repair, bone repair, and nerve regeneration. FGF-2 is also a mitotic promoter that accelerates cell proliferation. FGF-2 regulates immune processes by specifically targeting tyrosine kinase receptors and activating the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway. For example, FGF-2 is involved in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to regulate cartilage metabolism and also activates ERK signaling to promote cartilage regeneration. FGF-2 combined with FGFR1/3 promoted degeneration and repair of articular cartilage, respectively. FGF-2 is also a known carcinogen in GBM, which contributes to glioma growth and vascularization.Animal-Free FGF-2 Protein, Pig (His), consists of 1 amino acids, produced by E.coli with tag free.
MCP-1/CCL2 (human) acts as a ligand for CCR2, triggering a potent chemotactic response and intracellular calcium mobilization upon CCR2 binding. It specifically attracts monocytes and basophils while sparing neutrophils and eosinophils. Animal-Free MCP-1/CCL2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeMCP-1/CCL2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free MCP-1/CCL2 Protein, Human (His) is 76 a.a., with molecular weight of ~9.49 kDa.
RANK L/TNFSF11 protein is a cytokine that binds to TNFRSF11B/OPG and TNFRSF11A/RANK and serves as a key regulator of osteoclast differentiation and activation. In addition, it is a factor that enhances the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate naive T cell proliferation, indicating its importance in regulating the interaction between T cells and dendritic cells, as well as its potential role in T cell-dependent immune responses. Animal-Free RANK L/TNFSF11 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeRANK L/TNFSF11 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free RANK L/TNFSF11 Protein, Human (His) is 175 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20.67 kDa.
The cytoplasmic form of Fas ligand protein exerts powerful effects by inhibiting gene transcription. This protein plays a crucial role in regulating cellular processes by inhibiting the expression of specific genes. Animal-Free Fas Ligand Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeFas Ligand protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Fas Ligand Protein, Mouse (His) is 152 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.14 kDa.
IL-24 Protein, a crucial immune regulatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in modulating immune responses. Animal-Free IL-24 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-24 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-24 Protein, Mouse (His) is 155 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.94 kDa.
RANKL (TNFSF11), a type II transmembrane protein, is a receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand. RANKL is an activator of RANK. When binding to RANK, it induces the differentiation of monocyte/macrophage-lineage cells into osteoclasts and leads to osteoclast precursor maturation. RANKL is critical for osteoclasts maturation, bone modeling, and bone remodeling, as well as the development of lymph nodes (LNs). Animal-Free RANK L/TNFSF11 Protein, Mouse (His) is a recombinant mouse RANKL (P143-D316) with C-terminal His tag, which is produced in E.coli.
MCP-1/CCL2 protein acts as a ligand for CCR2, inducing chemotactic responses and calcium mobilization. It attracts monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils. Animal-Free MCP-1/CCL2 Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-Free MCP-1/CCL2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
IL-17A Protein, part of the IL-17 family, is highlighted. Animal-Free IL-17A Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeIL-17A protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-17A Protein, Pig (His) is 130 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.81 kDa.
The C5AR2 protein is a receptor for C3a, C4a, and C5a peptides as well as ASP/C3adesArg, C4adesArg, and C5adesArg, and is weakly coupled to G(i)-mediated signaling pathways. It interacts with C3 and exhibits higher affinity for the lipogenic hormone ASP. C5AR2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived C5AR2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with C-10*His labeled tag. The total length of C5AR2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 337 a.a., with molecular weight of 38.9 kDa.
Galectin-8/LGALS8 protein is an important enzyme in the glycosylation process, acting as β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase to synthesize poly-N-acetyllactosamine. Galectin-8/LGALS8 is essential for modifying glycoproteins and glycolipids, catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine to acceptor molecules, and exhibits specific activity on type 2 oligosaccharides. Animal-Free Galectin-8/LGALS8 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGalectin-8/LGALS8 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
The CXCL11 protein selectively attracts interleukin-activated T cells and induces calcium release in these cells. Its binding to CXCR3 suggests a complex role in T cell chemotaxis and may be important in CNS diseases involving T cell recruitment. Animal-Free I-TAC/CXCL11 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeI-TAC/CXCL11 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free I-TAC/CXCL11 Protein, Mouse (His) is 79 a.a., with molecular weight of ~9.92 kDa.
The animal-free TNF beta protein acts as a homotrimeric cytokine that binds TNFRSF1A/TNFR1, TNFRSF1B/TNFBR, and TNFRSF14/HVEM.Animal-Free TNF beta Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeTNF beta protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His labeled tag.
The IGSF1 protein acts as a coreceptor in inhibin signaling and is able to critically antagonize activin A signaling regardless of the presence of inhibin B. It plays a key role in the specific antagonism of inhibin B to activin-stimulated transcription and interacts with INHA. IGSF1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived IGSF1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of IGSF1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 1336 a.a., with molecular weight of 151.8 kDa.
SLC30A8 Protein, a proton-coupled zinc ion antiporter, crucially regulates insulin secretion. Serving as a mediator, SLC30A8 enables zinc entry into pancreatic beta cell secretory granules, maintaining the required zinc concentration. This process finely tunes insulin release dynamics, emphasizing SLC30A8's pivotal role in physiological insulin secretion control and glucose homeostasis. SLC30A8 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived SLC30A8 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of SLC30A8 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is 367 a.a., with molecular weight of 43.0&86 kDa.
Cystine/glutamate transporter; Amino acid transport system xc-; Calcium channel blocker resistance protein CCBR1; Solute carrier family 7 member 11; xCT
The SLC7A11 protein forms a heterodimer with SLC3A2 and acts as an antiporter to exchange extracellular L-cystine for intracellular L-glutamate across the plasma membrane. This sodium-independent electroneutral transport, with a 1:1 stoichiometry, relies on high intracellular levels of L-glutamate and intracellular reduction of L-cystine. SLC7A11 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived SLC7A11 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of SLC7A11 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 501 a.a., with molecular weight of 58.2 kDa.
Galectin-7 (LGALS7), a protein with potential involvement in cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interactions crucial for normal growth control, serves as a pro-apoptotic factor. It functions intracellularly, playing a role upstream of JNK activation and cytochrome c release, thus contributing to apoptotic pathways. Galectin-7 exists as a monomer, highlighting its individual unit structure. Animal-Free Galectin-7/LGALS7 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGalectin-7/LGALS7 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Galectin-7/LGALS7 Protein, Human (His) is 135 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.9 kDa.
IFN-alpha 1a/IFNA1 Protein, produced by macrophages, demonstrates robust antiviral activities. It stimulates essential enzymes—a protein kinase and an oligoadenylate synthetase—contributing to the intricate molecular response that fortifies the host's immune defenses against viral threats. Animal-Free IFN-alpha 1/IFNA13 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIFN-alpha 1a/IFNA1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IFN-alpha 1/IFNA13 Protein, Human (His) is 166 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20.19 kDa.
IL-36 beta/IL-1F8 protein signals through IL-36R, activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK pathways, and induces pro-inflammatory responses.It is present in the epithelial barrier and shares the IL-1 system coreceptor IL1RAP.Animal-Free IL-36 beta/IL-1F8 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-36 beta/IL-1F8 protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
The MIF protein is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in the innate immune response against bacterial pathogens.Its presence at sites of inflammation suggests its role as a mediator in the regulation of macrophage function during host defense.Animal-Free MIF Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeMIF protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
Galectin-14/LGALS14 protein has the ability to bind β-galactoside and lactose and can serve as an effective inducer of T cell apoptosis, highlighting its key role in the regulation of immune responses. Animal-Free Galectin-14/LGALS14 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGalectin-14/LGALS14 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
CCR4 protein-VLP is a multifunctional entity that acts as a high-affinity receptor for CC-type chemokines and specifically binds CCL17/TARC, CCL22/MDC, and CKLF1. It mediates chemotactic responses through G(i) protein and activates the phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. CCR4 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived CCR4, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of CCR4 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 360 a.a.,
CXCR2, the receptor for interleukin-8 (IL-8), orchestrates neutrophil activation through a G-protein-mediated phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system upon IL-8 binding. Exhibiting high-affinity binding to IL-8, CXCR2 also interacts with other ligands like CXCL3, GRO/MGSA, and NAP-2. The involvement of GNAI2 underscores the intricate signaling mechanisms regulating neutrophil function through CXCR2. CXCR2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived CXCR2, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of CXCR2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 360 a.a.,
IL-6 protein is a multifunctional cytokine that plays multiple biological functions in immunity, tissue regeneration, and metabolism. After binding to IL6R, the resulting complex binds to the signaling subunit IL6ST/gp130, triggering the intracellular IL6 signaling pathway. Animal-Free IL-6 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-6 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-6 Protein, Human (His) is 184 a.a., with molecular weight of ~21.8 kDa.
IL-1F10/IL-38 Protein is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family that regulates adapted and innate immune responses. Animal-Free IL-1F10/IL-38 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-1F10/IL-38 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-1F10/IL-38 Protein, Human (His) is 152 a.a., with molecular weight of ~17.78 kDa.
rHu72 kDa type IV collagenase/MMP-2, His ; 72 kDa Type IV Collagenase; 72 kDa Gelatinase; Gelatinase A; Matrix Metalloproteinase-2; MMP-2; TBE-1; MMP2; CLG4A
MMP-2 protein is a multifunctional metalloproteinase that actively participates in physiological processes such as vascular remodeling, angiogenesis, tissue repair, tumor invasion, inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture. In addition to degrading extracellular matrix proteins, it also acts on non-matrix proteins to promote vasoconstriction. Animal-Free MMP-2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeMMP-2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free MMP-2 Protein, Human (His) is 551 a.a., with molecular weight of ~63.00 kDa.
CYPA protein, a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase, has proinflammatory activity by stimulating activation of NF-kappa-B and ERK, JNK, and p38 MAP kinases. It may act as a mediator between the human SARS coronavirus nucleoprotein and BSG/CD147 during the virus' invasion of host cells. Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A/CYPA Protein, Human is the recombinant human-derived Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A/CYPA protein, expressed by E. coli , with tag free.
The CHI3L1 protein is a binding lectin that lacks chitinase activity. CHI3L1 contributes to tissue remodeling, cellular adaptation to environmental changes, and T helper type 2 inflammatory responses. CHI3L1 also controls hyperoxia-induced injury, inflammation, and epithelial cell apoptosis. Animal-Free CHI3L1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeCHI3L1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free CHI3L1 Protein, Human (His) is 362 a.a., with molecular weight of ~41.43 kDa.
IL-18 protein is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in epithelial barrier repair and polarized immune responses involving Th1 cells and NK cells. After binding to IL18R1 and IL18RAP, it forms a signaling ternary complex that activates NF-kappa-B, leading to the synthesis of inflammatory mediators. Animal-Free IL-18 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-18 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-33 protein, as a cytokine, binds to and signals through the IL1RL1/ST2 receptor, thereby activating the NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling pathways in target cells. It is involved in the maturation of Th2 cells and contributes to the secretion of T helper cell type 2 related cytokines. Animal-Free IL-33 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-33 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-12 beta protein is a cytokine that acts as a growth factor for activated T cells and NK cells, enhances lytic activity and stimulates IFN-γ production. It combines with IL23A to form IL-23, a cytokine critical in innate and adaptive immunity. Animal-Free IL-12 beta Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-12 beta protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-12 beta Protein, Mouse (His) is 313 a.a., with molecular weight of ~36.60 kDa.
IL-33 protein activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling, inducing Th2 cell maturation and cytokine secretion. It activates mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and natural killer cells and enhances macrophage polarization. Animal-Free IL-33 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-33 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-33 Protein, Mouse (His) is 158 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.51 kDa.
The CXCL9 protein is part of the intercrine alpha family of chemokines critical for cell-to-cell communication and immune responses. In this family, CXCL9 may play a key role in regulating inflammatory processes and influencing cellular interactions. Animal-Free MIG/CXCL9 Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-Free CXCL9 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
As a multifunctional enzyme, MGST2 protein catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic ADP-β-D-ribose (cADPR) from NAD(+) and subsequently hydrolyzes cADPR into ADP-D-ribose (ADPR). This dual function makes MGST2 a key player in regulating intracellular calcium mobilization, as cADPR acts as an endogenous second messenger that triggers the release of intracellular stored calcium. MGST2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived MGST2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of MGST2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 147 a.a., with molecular weight of 19.4 kDa.
BAFF/TNFSF13B, is the B cell-activating cytokine belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family. BAFF is involved in cancer immunity and is mainly expressed in myeloid cells. Its overexpression can lead to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In addition, BAFF is also involved in adipogenesis, atherosclerosis, neuroinflammatory process and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury . Mouse BAFF protein has two glycosylated domains and one transmembrane domain (48-68 a.a.), and can be cleaved into membrane-type peptide fragments and soluble peptide fragments. Animal-Free BAFF/TNFSF13B Protein, Mouse (His) is the extracullar part of BAFF protein (A127-L309), produced in HEK293 cells with C-terminal His-tag.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCHF2; Membrane-associated RING finger protein 2; Membrane-associated RING-CH protein II; MARCH-II; RING finger protein 172; RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase MARCHF2
The MARCH2 protein acts as an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, promoting endocytosis and sorting of TFRC and CD86 to lysosomes. MARCH2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His, SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived MARCH2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-6*His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of MARCH2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His, SUMO) is 246 a.a., with molecular weight of 43 kDa.
The FGF-4 protein coordinates embryonic development, cell proliferation and differentiation and is critical for normal limb and heart valve development. FGF-4 may promote embryonic molar tooth bud development by inducing key gene expression. Animal-Free FGF-4 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeFGF-4 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-12 beta protein is a multifunctional cytokine that serves as a growth factor for activated T cells and NK cells, amplifies the lytic activity of NK/lymphokine-activated killer cells, and induces IFN production by resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells -γ. peripheral blood mononuclear cells). Animal-Free IL-12 beta Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-12 beta protein, expressed by E. coli , with His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-12 beta Protein, Human (His) is 306 a.a., with molecular weight of ~35.64 kDa.
TGF beta 1/TGFB1 is a polypeptide member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of cytokines. TGF beta 1 is a secreted protein that performs many cellular functions, including the control of cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and can regulate the expression and activation of other growth factors, including interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Animal-Free TGF beta 1/TGFB1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeTGF beta 1/TGFB1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free TGF beta 1/TGFB1 Protein, Human (His) is 112 a.a., with molecular weight of ~13.7 kDa.
IL-1 beta protein is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that plays multiple roles in immune responses. It induces inflammatory events including prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil activation, and cytokine production. Animal-Free IL-1 beta Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-1 beta protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-1 beta Protein, Human (His) is 153 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.48 kDa.
CCL4 protein, with inflammatory and chemokinetic properties, acts as a monokine and self-associates to form homodimers.Animal-Free CCL4 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeCCL4 protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-His labeled tag.
IL-36 gamma/IL-1F9 protein activates the NF-kappa-B and MAPK pathways, induces the expression of various chemokines and pro-inflammatory factors, and promotes local inflammatory responses in the epithelial barrier. It affects keratinocytes, dendritic cells, and T cells, driving tissue infiltration, maturation, and proliferation. Animal-Free IL-36 gamma/IL-1F9 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-36 gamma/IL-1F9 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His, C-His labeled tag.
The IL-27 beta/EBI3 protein binds to IL27 to form IL-27 interleukin, which is critical in innate immunity. IL-27 has both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties, regulating T helper cell development, inhibiting T cell proliferation, stimulating cytotoxic T cell activity, inducing B cell isotype switching, and affecting innate immune cells. Animal-Free IL-27 beta/EBI3 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-27 beta/EBI3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-27 beta/EBI3 Protein, Human (His) is 209 a.a., with molecular weight of ~24.25 kDa.
IL-8/CXCL8 protein, a vital chemotactic factor, orchestrates inflammatory responses by attracting neutrophils, basophils, and T-cells to clear pathogens. It activates neutrophils and binds to CXCR1/CXCR2 receptors, initiating downstream signaling pathways. IL-8/CXCL8 homodimerizes, disrupted by tick evasin-3, and interacts with TNFAIP6, potentially regulating chemokine activity in the inflammatory microenvironment. Animal-Free IL-8/CXCL8 Protein, Pig (His) is the recombinant pig-derived animal-FreeIL-8/CXCL8 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-8/CXCL8 Protein, Pig (His) is 78 a.a., with molecular weight of ~10.04 kDa.
The SLC23A2 protein is a sodium/ascorbic acid cotransporter that significantly promotes the electrical uptake of vitamin C, with a stoichiometry of 2 Na(+) ions per ascorbic acid molecule. Its role is critical in maintaining cellular vitamin C homeostasis, emphasizing its specific and efficient ascorbic acid transport. SLC23A2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived SLC23A2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of SLC23A2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 650 a.a., with molecular weight of 71.3 kDa.
The Galectin-3/LGALS3 protein is a galactose-specific lectin known for its diverse roles in cellular processes. It binds IgE and synergizes with α-3 and β-1 integrins to promote CSPG4-induced endothelial cell migration. Animal-Free Galectin-3/LGALS3 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGalectin-3/LGALS3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Galectin-3/LGALS3 Protein, Human (His) is 249 a.a., with molecular weight of ~27 kDa.
IL-36 α/IL-1F6 protein binds to IL1RL2/IL-36R receptor, activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK pathways, and induces pro-inflammatory responses. IL-36 α/IL-1F6 also upregulates CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR in dendritic cells, promotes dendritic cell maturation, and drives T cell proliferation. Animal-Free IL-36 alpha/IL-1F6 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-36 alpha/IL-1F6 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-36 alpha/IL-1F6 Protein, Human (His) is 153 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.05 kDa.
ACKR1 is an atypical chemokine receptor that regulates chemokine levels and localization through high-affinity binding, induction of sequestration, degradation, or transcytosis. ACKR1, also known as a chemokine interceptor or decoy receptor, binds to chemokines such as CXCL11 and CXCL12/SDF1. ACKR1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived ACKR1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag.
Oma1 protein is an important metalloprotease in the inner mitochondrial membrane that is activated in response to stressors and cleaves targets such as OPA1, UQCC3, and DELE1. Under conditions of loss of membrane potential, Oma1 cleaves OPA1, thereby negatively regulating fusion. OMA1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived OMA1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
Galectin-1/LGALS1 is a lectin that binds β-galactoside and complex carbohydrates and regulates apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. It inhibits CD45 phosphatase activity, blocks Lyn kinase dephosphorylation, and induces T cell apoptosis. Animal-Free Galectin-1/LGALS1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGalectin-1/LGALS1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Galectin-1/LGALS1 Protein, Human (His) is 134 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.5 kDa.
The Galectin-2 (LGALS2) protein binds with affinity to β-galactopyranoside and forms homodimers, indicating a basic functional organization. Although the physiological role is unclear, β-galactoside binding of LGALS2 suggests a possible involvement in recognition of specific carbohydrates. Animal-Free Galectin-2/LGALS2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeGalectin-2/LGALS2 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Galectin-2/LGALS2 Protein, Human (His) is 131 a.a., with molecular weight of ~15.5 kDa.
Pleiotrophin is a secreted growth factor that signals through cell surface proteoglycan and non-proteoglycan receptors to influence a variety of cellular processes. It binds to chondroitin sulfate (CS) groups, regulates proliferation, survival and differentiation, and inhibits long-term synaptic potentiation of neurons. Animal-Free Pleiotrophin Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreePleiotrophin protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Pleiotrophin Protein, Human (His) is 136 a.a., with molecular weight of ~19.89 kDa.
The INHBA protein plays a key role in regulating pituitary function by regulating follicle-stimulating hormone secretion together with activin. Its broad effects span a variety of physiological processes, including hormone secretion, germ cell development, erythrocyte differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic development, and bone growth, depending on unique subunit composition. Animal-Free Activin A Protein, Human/Mouse/Rat (His) is the recombinant human, rat, mouse-derived animal-FreeActivin A protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free Activin A Protein, Human/Mouse/Rat (His) is 116 a.a., with molecular weight of ~13.9 kDa.
The IL-30/IL-27A protein is a component of the Ragulator complex, which is critical for amino acids and activates mTORC1 to regulate cell growth in response to different signals. The lysosomal V-ATPase and Ragulator complex act as GEFs for Rag GTPase, promoting amino acid activation. Animal-Free IL-30/IL-27A Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-30/IL-27A protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-30/IL-27A Protein, Mouse (His) is 206 a.a., with molecular weight of ~24.51 kDa.
The SDF-1 α/CXCL12 protein acts as a chemoattractant with specific activity on T lymphocytes and monocytes (excluding neutrophils).It activates the CXC chemokine receptor CXCR4, inducing a rapid and transient rise in intracellular calcium ions and promoting chemotaxis.Animal-Free SDF-1 alpha/CXCL12 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeSDF-1 alpha/CXCL12 protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-35 protein plays a key role in immune regulation, forming IL-12 cytokine with IL12B or IL-35 cytokine with EBI3/IL27B. IL-12 modulates T cell and natural killer cell responses and induces interferon gamma production. Animal-Free IL-12 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is a recombinant protein dimer complex containing human-derived animal-FreeIL-12 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag. Animal-Free IL-12 Protein, Human (HEK293, His), has molecular weight of ~59.55 kDa.
IL-8/CXCL8 protein, a vital chemotactic factor, orchestrates inflammatory responses by attracting neutrophils, basophils, and T-cells to clear pathogens. It activates neutrophils and binds to CXCR1/CXCR2 receptors, initiating downstream signaling pathways. IL-8/CXCL8 homodimerizes, disrupted by tick evasin-3, and interacts with TNFAIP6, potentially regulating chemokine activity in the inflammatory microenvironment. Animal-Free IL-8/CXCL8 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-8/CXCL8 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-8/CXCL8 Protein, Human (His) is 72 a.a., with molecular weight of ~9.32 kDa.
Midkine (MDK) protein is a multifunctional cytokine and growth factor that signals through cell surface proteoglycan and non-proteoglycan receptors. MDK regulates inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, adhesion, growth, survival, tissue regeneration, differentiation, and migration and plays a crucial role in inflammation by recruiting neutrophils and macrophages. Animal-Free MDK Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeMDK protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-36 alpha protein binds to the IL1RL2/IL-36R receptor and activates the NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling pathways. Animal-Free IL-36 alpha/IL-1F6 Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-36 alpha/IL-1F6 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag.
Copper transport 1 homolog; Copper transporter 1; COPT1; COPT1_HUMAN; CTR1; hCTR1; High affinity copper uptake protein 1; SLC31A1; solute carrier family 31 copper tansporters; member 1; Solute carrier family 31 member 1
The SLC31A1 protein is an important uniporter that can transport copper(1+) from the extracellular space into the cytoplasm with remarkable specificity and deliver it directly to molecular chaperones such as ATOX1. This process tightly regulates intracellular copper(1+) levels and may be involved in intestinal copper absorption. SLC31A1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived SLC31A1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-SUMO, N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of SLC31A1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His-SUMO) is 190 a.a., the molecular weight are 40 KDa (monomer), 80 KDa (dimer), whiel dimers are generally formed.
IL-36RN protein tightly regulates immunity by inhibiting the activity of interleukin 36 (IL36A, IL36B, IL36G).It binds to the IL-36 receptor (IL1RL2), preventing binding to IL1RAP and blocking downstream signaling.Animal-Free IL-36RN Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-36RN protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
IL-36RN Protein inhibits IL36A, IL36B and IL36G receptors by binding to IL1RL2/IL-36R, blocking their association with IL1RAP and inhibiting downstream signaling. It is an important component of the IL-36 signaling system and participates in the local inflammatory response of the epithelial barrier. Animal-Free IL-36RN Protein, Mouse (His) is the recombinant mouse-derived animal-FreeIL-36RN protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of Animal-Free IL-36RN Protein, Mouse (His) is 155 a.a., with molecular weight of ~17.81 kDa.
Growth factor-like peptide; Leader protein; Non-structural protein 10; Non-structural protein 2; Non-structural protein 3; Non-structural protein 4; Non-structural protein 6; Non-structural protein 7; Non-structural protein 8; Non-structural protein 9; Papain-like proteinase; p65 homolog
Replicase 1AB polyprotein Protein, SARS-CoV (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant Virus-derived Replicase 1AB polyprotein protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of Replicase 1AB polyprotein Protein, SARS-CoV (Cell-Free, His) is 290 a.a., with molecular weight of 35.8 kDa.
IL-37 protein is an important immunoregulatory cytokine that suppresses innate inflammation and immune responses and reduces excessive inflammation.It signals intracellularly through nuclear translocation of SMAD3 and extracellularly through binding to its receptors, consisting of IL18R1 and IL18RAP.Animal-Free IL-37 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived animal-FreeIL-37 protein, expressed by E.coli , with C-His labeled tag.
ACKR2 Protein, an atypical chemokine receptor, controls chemokine levels and localization with high-affinity binding. Operating independently, ACKR2, also known as an interceptor or decoy receptor, interacts with diverse chemokines, triggering a beta-arrestin 1-dependent signaling pathway. This pathway facilitates ACKR2 relocation, enhancing efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. Scavenging chemokines in various tissues, ACKR2 plays a pivotal role in resolving inflammation, regulating adaptive immune responses, and influencing leukocyte interactions with lymphatic endothelial cells. ACKR2 contributes significantly to immune silencing of macrophages during inflammation resolution. ACKR2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived ACKR2 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free, with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of ACKR2 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 384 a.a., with molecular weight of 46.9 kDa.
The CXCR3 protein acts as a receptor for CXC chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11), affecting human mesangial cells (HMC) through G protein signaling. It binds CCL21 and may promote cell chemotaxis. CXCR3 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived CXCR3 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with C-10*His labeled tag.
Hypoxanthine- 15N4 is the 15N labeled Hypoxanthine[1]. Hypoxanthine, a purine derivative, is a potential free radical generator and could be used as an indicator of hypoxia[2].
Lauric acid- 13C is the 13C labeled Lauric acid. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively.
L-Ornithine-1,2,3,4,5- 13C5 (hydrochloride) is the 13C-labeled L-Ornithine hydrochloride. L-Ornithine hydrochloride is a free amino acid that plays a central role in the urea cycle and is also important for the disposal of excess nitrogen.
4-Hydroxyestrone- 13C6 is a 13C-labeled Hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine, a purine derivative, is a potential free radical generator and could be used as an indicator of hypoxia.
Boc-L-Ala-OH-3- 13C is a 13C-labeled Hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine, a purine derivative, is a potential free radical generator and could be used as an indicator of hypoxia.
D(+)-Galactosamine- 13C (hydrochloride) is the 13C labeled D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride. D(+)-Galactosamine (D-Galactosamine) hydrochloride, which is an established experimental toxin, primarily causes liver injury by the generation of free radicals and
L-Ornithine- 15N2 (hydrochloride) is the 15N-labeled L-Ornithine hydrochloride. L-Ornithine hydrochloride is a free amino acid that plays a central role in the urea cycle and is also important for the disposal of excess nitrogen.
L-Ornithine-1,2- 13C2 (hydrochloride) is the 13C-labeled L-Ornithine hydrochloride. L-Ornithine hydrochloride is a free amino acid that plays a central role in the urea cycle and is also important for the disposal of excess nitrogen.
L-Glutathione reduced- 13C2, 15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Glutathione reduced. L-Glutathione reduced (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant and is capable of scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals.
Fmoc-Tyr(tBu)-OH- 13C9, 15N is a 15N-labeled and 13C-labled Hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine, a purine derivative, is a potential free radical generator and could be used as an indicator of hypoxia.
3-Nitro-L-tyrosine- 13C6 is the 13C labeled 3-Nitro-L-tyrosine[1]. 3-Nitro-L-tyrosine is a biomarker of nitrogen free radical species modified proteins in systemic autoimmunogenic conditions[2].
Lauric acid- 13C-1 is the deuterium labeled Lauric acid. Lauric acid is a middle chain-free fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties. The EC50s for P. acnes, S.aureus, S. epidermidis, are 2, 6, 4 μg/mL, respectively[1].
Sodium 2-oxopropanoate- 13C3 is the 13C-labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS[1][2].
Sodium 2-oxopropanoate- 13C is the 13C labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate[1]. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS[2][3].
2-Oxopropanoate- 13C5 (sodium) is the 13C labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate[1]. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS[2][3].
Taurine- 13C2 is the 13C-labeled Taurine. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes[1][2][3].
Niclosamide- 13C6 is the 13C6 labeled Niclosamide. Niclosamide (BAY2353) is an orally bioavailable chlorinated salicylanilide, with anthelmintic and potential antineoplastic activity. Niclosamide (BAY2353) inhibits STAT3 with IC50 of 0.25 μM in HeLa cells and inhibits DNA replication in a cell-free assay.
Taurine- 13C2, 15N is the 13C- and 15N- labeled Taurine. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes[1][2][3].
(±)-Taxifolin-13C3 ((±)-Dihydroquercetin-13C3) is a derivative of (±)-Taxifolin, labeled with 13C3. (±)-Taxifolin is the racemate of Taxifolin. Taxifolin exhibits important anti-tyrosinase activity. Taxifolin exhibits significant inhibitory activity against collagenase with an IC50 value of 193.3 μM . Taxifolin is an important natural compound with antifibrotic activity. Taxifolin is a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity .
8-Isoprostaglandin F2α- 13C5 is 13C labeled 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α (HY-113209). 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is an isoprostane produced by the non-enzymatic peroxidation of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is present in human plasma in two distinct forms - esterified in phospholipids and as the free acid. 8-Isoprostaglandin F2α is a weak TP receptor agonist in vascular smooth muscle.
Cyprodinil- 13C6 is the 13C6 labeled Cyprodinil. Cyprodinil is an anilinopyrimidine broad-spectrum fungicide that inhibits the biosynthesis of methionine in phytopathogenic fungi. Cyprodinil inhibits mycelial cell growth of B. cinerea, P. herpotrichoides, and H. oryzae on amino acid-free media (IC50s=0.44, 4.8, and 0.03 µM, respectively). Cyprodinil acts as an androgen receptor (AR) agonist (EC50=1.91 µM) in the absence of the AR agonist DHT and inhibits the androgenic effect of DHT (IC50=15.1 µM).
Mitotane- 13C6 is the 13C labeled Mitotane[1]. Mitotane (2,4′-DDD), an isomer of DDD and derivative of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), is an antineoplastic agent, can be used to research adrenocortical carcinoma. Mitotane exert its adrenocorticolytic effect at least in part through lipotoxicity induced by intracellular free cholesterol (FC) accumulation. Mitotane can have direct pituitary effects on corticotroph cells. Mitotane can induce CYP3A4 gene expression via steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) activation, and has agent-agent interactions[2][3][4][5].
Mitotane- 13C12 (2,4′-DDD- 13C12) is 13C labeled Mitotane. Mitotane (2,4′-DDD), an isomer of DDD and derivative of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), is an antineoplastic agent, can be used to research adrenocortical carcinoma. Mitotane exert its adrenocorticolytic effect at least in part through lipotoxicity induced by intracellular free cholesterol (FC) accumulation. Mitotane can have direct pituitary effects on corticotroph cells. Mitotane can induce CYP3A4 gene expression via steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) activation, and has agent-agent interactions .
GPR43 Antibody is an unconjugated, approximately 37 kDa, rabbit-derived, anti-GPR43 polyclonal antibody. GPR43 Antibody can be used for: ELISA, IHC-P, IHC-F, ICC, IF expriments in human, mouse, and predicted: rat background without labeling.
Desmethyl Erlotinib (OSI-420 free base) is an active metabolite of Erlotinib. Erlotinib is a potent EGFR tyrosin kinase inhibitor . Desmethyl Erlotinib is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Bz-(Me)Tz-NHS is a click chemistry reagent containing an methyltetrazine group. Bz-(Me)Tz-NHS is 3rd generation Click-Linker for Cu-free click conjugation .
AF 568 DBCO is a fluorescent dye that reacts with azide-labeled molecules or biomolecules via copper-free click chemistry. AF 568 exhibits maximum absorption wavelength of 579 nm and the maximum emission wavelength of 603 nm .
CalFluor 580 azide is a fluorogenic azide probe that is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 580 azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes .
CalFluor 647 azide is a fluorogenic azide probe that is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 647 azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes .
Norbornene-methyl-NHS is a click chemistry reagent containing a TCO group. Dienophile for conjugation via Diels-Alder-reaction, i.e. copper-free click reaction with tetrazines .
H-L-Lys(Norbornene-methoxycarbonyl)-OH, a norbornene-derivatized lysine, can be click-functionalized. H-L-Lys(Norbornene-methoxycarbonyl)-OH can be used for the mild and selective modification of proteins in a copper-free click reaction .
H-L-Lys(Norbornene-methoxycarbonyl)-OH hydrochloride, a norbornene-derivatized lysine, can be click-functionalized. H-L-Lys(Norbornene-methoxycarbonyl)-OH hydrochloride can be used for the mild and selective modification of proteins in a copper-free click reaction .
Sulfo-Cy7 tetrazine is a near-infrared water-soluble fluorophore. Sulfo-Cy7 tetrazine contains the methyltetrazine group for rapid, efficient, and metal-free conjugation to cycloolefin in a reaction called TCO linkage .
Fmoc-L-Dap(Poc)-OH is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Amino acid building block suitable for side chain Click conjugation with standard protocols and together with tetrazine linkers in copper-free Click conjugation (Diels-Alder) .
Cy5.5(Me)-C3-DBCO is a click chemistry reagent containing an cycloalkynes group. DBCO group enables copper free biocompatible click chemistry with fast reaction kinetics and good stability .
Disulfo-ICG-DBCO disodium is a double sulfonic acid-modified indocyanine green. Disulfo-ICG-DBCO disodium can react with d-AzAla modified bacteria to detect the bacteria by copper-free click chemistry-mediated photothermal lysis and measurement of ATP bioluminescence .
DSPE-PEG-DBCO ammonium is the ammonium salt form of DSPE-PEG-DBCO. DSPE-PEG-DBCO ammonium is utilized in copper-free click chemistry through SPAAC conjugation with an azido-functionalized peptide ligand. DSPE-PEG-DBCO ammonium is applied in drug-delivery and nanoparticle research .
Cy5.5 DBCO is a click chemistry reagent containing an cycloalkynes group. Cy5.5 DBCO is a linker of Cyanine5.5 fluorophore. DBCO group enables copper free biocompatible click chemistry with fast reaction kinetics and good stability .
Cy5 DBCO chloride is an azide reaction probe and the addition of DBCO molecules allows the imaging of azide-labelled biomolecules by a copper-free “Click Chemistry” reaction . Cy5 DBCO (chloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a DBCO group that can undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing Azide groups.
DBCO-NHS ester 2 is a cleavable linker that is used for making antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). DBCO-NHS ester 2 is a derivative of Dibenzylcyclooctyne (DBCO) used in copper-free click chemistry . DBCO-NHS ester 2 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a DBCO group that can undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing Azide groups.
(Me)Tz-butanoic acid is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide. (Me)Tz-butanoic acid is tetrazine linker for conjugation via Diels-Alder-reaction, i.e. copper-free Click reaction with dienophiles . (Me)Tz-butanoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Coumarin-C2-exoBCN is a dye derivative of Coumarin (HY-N0709). Coumarin-C2-exoBCN contains the lyophilic bidentate macrocyclic ligand exo-BCN, which can further synthesize macrocyclic complexes. In click chemistry, exo-BCN can react with molecules containing azide groups to generate stable triazoles under catalyst-free conditions.
DBCO-PEG2-DBCO is a click chemistry reagent containing a DBCO group. DBCO-PEG2-DBCO is a PEG linker containing two terminal DBCO groups. The DBCO groups is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions due to its strain promoted high energy. The hydrophilic PEG chain allows for increased water solubility. T Reagent grade, for research use only .
CalFluor 488 Azide is a water-soluble fluorogenic azide probe. CalFluor 488 Azide is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 488 Azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes . It contains an azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing alkyne groups. It can also undergo ring strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Hydroxy-PEG3-DBCO is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Hydroxy-PEG3-DBCO is a PEG linker containing a DBCO moiety and a terminal primary hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl can react with a variety of functional groups and the hydrophilic PEG spacer arm can provide better solubility to labeled molecules. DBCO is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions. Reagent grade, for research use only .
Urolignoside is an antioxidant with free radical scavenging activity. Urolignoside potently scavenges DPPH radical, and exhibits antioxidant to β-carotene-lineoleate model . 3'-Azido-3'-deoxyguanosine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
DBCO-PEG4-Biotin is an azadibenzocyclooctyne-biotin derivative containing a biotin group and 4 PEGs. DBCO-PEG4-Biotin is a versatile biotinylation reagent used for the introduction of a biotin moiety to azide-labeled biomolecules via copper-free strain-promoted alkyne-azide click chemistry (SPAAC) reaction . DBCO-PEG4-Biotin is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a DBCO group that can undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Fmoc-L-Dap(Pentynoyl)-OH is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Fmoc-L-Dap(Pentynoyl)-OH serves as an amino acid building block for introducing alkyne functions into peptide sequences by standard Fmoc/tBu protocols. The alkyne residue can be engaged for copper catalyzed click reaction with organic azides or with tetrazines for copper-free conjugations . Fmoc-L-Dap(Pentynoyl)-OH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
DBCO-PEG24-acid is a click chemistry reagent. DBCO-PEG24-acid is an analog of DBCO-Acid with PEG linker and a DBCO group. The DBCO groups is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions due to its strain promoted high energy. The hydrophilic PEG chain allows for increased water solubility. The terminal carboxylic acid can react with primary amine groups in the presence of activators (e.g. EDC, or HATU) to form a stable amide bond. Reagent grade, for research use only .
PARPYnD is a PARP enzyme photoaffinity probe (AfBP) based on the triple PARP1/2/6 inhibitor AZ9482 (HY-119653), which induces breast cancer Formation of multipolar spindles (MPS) in cells. PARPYnD inhibits PAPR wih IC50 of 38 nM (PARP1), 6 nM (PARP2), 230 nM (PARP6), respectively. PARPYnD enriches recombinant PARP6 incorporated into cell lysates and inhibits PARP6 in cell-free assays, but it does not label PARP6 in intact cells .
Sulfo DBCO-PEG3-acid is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Sulfo DBCO-PEG3-acid is an analog of DBCO-Acid with PEG linker and a DBCO group. The DBCO groups is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions due to its strain promoted high energy. The hydrophilic PEG chain and sulfo group increase water solubility. The terminal carboxylic acid can react with primary amine groups in the presence of activators (e.g. EDC, or HATU) to form a stable amide bond. Reagent grade, for research use only .
DBCO-PEG24-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent. DBCO-PEG24-NHS ester is a click chemistry PEG reagent containing NHS ester that is able to react specifically and efficiently with primary amines (e.g. the side chain of lysine residues or aminosilane-coated surfaces) at neutral or slightly basic condition to form a covalent bond. The hydrophilic PEG spacer arm improves water solubility and provides a long and flexible connection that minimizes steric hindrance involved with ligation. DBCO is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions. Reagent grade, for research use only .
Sulfo DBCO-PEG3-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Sulfo DBCO-PEG3-NHS ester is an analog of DBCO-Acid with PEG linker and a DBCO group. The DBCO group is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions due to its strain promoted high energy. The hydrophilic PEG chain and sulfo group increase water solubility. The terminal carboxylic acid can react with primary amine groups in the presence of activators (e.g. EDC, or HATU) to form a stable amide bond. Reagent grade, for research use only .
DBCO-PEG2-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. DBCO-PEG2-NHS ester is a click chemistry PEG reagent containing NHS ester that is able to react specifically and efficiently with primary amines (e.g. the side chain of lysine residues or aminosilane-coated surfaces) at neutral or slightly basic condition to form a covalent bond. The hydrophilic PEG spacer arm improves water solubility and provides a long and flexible connection that minimizes steric hindrance involved with ligation. DBCO is commonly used for copper-free Click Chemistry reactions. Reagent grade, for research use only .
Boc-L-Phe(4-NH-Poc)-OH is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Used as an orthogonally protected building block in peptide synthesis. Propargyloxycarbonyl, commonly abbreviated as Poc or Pryoc, can either be used as alkyne component for standard Click conjugation or in combination with tetrazine linkers in copper-free Diels-Alder type Click reactions. It also has applications as unusual protecting group for amines, hydroxy functions and as esters. All 3 are stable to neat TFA, but can be cleaved at ambient temperature with Co2(CO)8 in TFA:DCM. Deprotection with other transition metals like palladium have also been reported . Boc-L-Phe(4-NH-Poc)-OH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
H-L-Phe(4-NH-Poc)-OH (hydrochloride) is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Used as a modified Phe or Tyr analogue in protein and peptide biosynthesis. Propargyloxycarbonyl, commonly abbreviated as Poc or Pryoc, can either be used as alkyne component for standard Click conjugation or in combination with tetrazine linkers in copper-free Diels-Alder type Click reactions. It also has applications as unusual protecting group for amines, hydroxy functions and as esters. All 3 are stable to neat TFA, but can be cleaved at ambient temperature with Co2(CO)8 in TFA:DCM. Deprotection with other transition metals like palladium have also been reported . H-L-Phe(4-NH-Poc)-OH (hydrochloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
1,2-Didecanoyl PC (1,2-Didecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a phosphocholine that can be introduced into single-chain mean field theory as a coarse-grained model of saturated phospholipids. The 1,2-Didecanoyl PC model can be used to estimate the free energy of compressive or tensile bilayers in stacks or multilayers and gives a reasonable estimate of the free energy .
Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes .
Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) . Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities .
1-1(Z)-Octadecenyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC is a plasmalogen that contains 1(Z)-octadecenoic acid and arachidonic acid (HY-109590) at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively. It scavenges singlet oxygen in a cell-free assay.
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an aprotic solvent that dissolves polar and non-polar compounds, including water-insoluble therapeutic and toxic agents. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has a strong affinity for water and can rapidly penetrate or enhance the penetration of other substances into biological membranes. Dimethyl sulfoxide also has potential free radical scavenging and anticholinesterase effects and may affect coagulation activity. Dimethyl sulfoxide also induces histamine release from mast cells but is thought to have low systemic toxicity. Dimethyl sulfoxide also exhibits antifreeze and antibacterial properties . MCE provides Dimethyl sulfoxide that complies with the inspection standards (Ch.P) of Part 4 of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition).
Isopropyl palmitate is an fatty acid ester. Isopropyl palmitate can be used for design and characterization of bioactive bilayer films. The bilayer membrane not only has the ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation, but also can inhibit the growth of known foodborne pathogens. Isopropyl palmitate can be used as an excipient, such as lubricant, oily carrier, solvent, controlled-release transdermal film. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs .
Mipomersen (ISIS 301012 free base) is an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of apolipoprotein B (apoB). Mipomersen has anti-HCV effect and reduces the infectivity of the HCV. Mipomersen can be used for the research of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) .
Donidalorsen is an antisense oligonucleotide designed to reduce the production of prekallikrein (PKK). PKK plays an important role in the activation of inflammatory mediators associated with acute attacks of Hereditary angioedema (HAE).
1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (14:0 Lyso PE) is a lysophospholipid with a phosphoethanolamine head and a myristoyl tail. The free amine group can conjugate with NHS active ester or coupled with carboxylic acid in the presence of a coupling agent. It also induces transient increases in intracellular calcium in PC12 cells . Serum levels of 1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine are elevated in patients with malignant breast cancer compared to healthy controls .
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